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Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
Common and Preferred Stock
In connection with the acquisition of Score Media and Gaming, Inc. (“theScore”) in October 2021, the Company issued 12,319,340 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01, and 697,539 exchangeable shares, par value $0.01 (“Exchangeable Shares”) through the capital of an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of PENN, in addition to cash consideration. Each Exchangeable Share is exchangeable into one share of PENN common stock at the option of the holder, subject to certain adjustments. Upon the acquisition of theScore, certain employees of theScore elected to have their outstanding equity awards, which were assumed under theScore plan (as defined below), issued as Exchangeable Shares, once the shares vest or are exercised. In addition, the Company may redeem all outstanding Exchangeable Shares in exchange for shares of PENN common stock at any time following the fifth anniversary of the closing, or earlier under certain circumstances.
We did not issue any Exchangeable Shares during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, or during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we issued 68,048 Exchangeable Shares. As of both periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 768,441 Exchangeable Shares authorized, of which 379,941 shares and 466,534 shares were outstanding, respectively.
Share Repurchase Authorization
On December 6, 2022, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization for $750.0 million (the “December 2022 Authorization”), which expires on December 31, 2025.

On October 30, 2025, the Board of Directors approved a new $750.0 million share repurchase program (the “October 2025 Authorization”), subject to the finalization of and entry into the Termination Agreement and the Investment Agreement Amendment, as discussed in Note 9, “Commitments and Contingencies.” The October 2025 Authorization commences on January 1, 2026 and expires on December 31, 2028 and will take effect after the Company’s existing $750.0 million share repurchase program expires on December 31, 2025.
Repurchases by the Company are subject to available liquidity, general market and economic conditions, alternate uses for the capital, and other factors. Share repurchases may be made from time to time through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, open market transactions, block trades or in private transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations and other legal requirements. There is no minimum number of shares that the Company is required to repurchase and the repurchase authorization may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, the Company repurchased 7,965,282 and 15,214,631 shares of its common stock in open market transactions for $154.1 million and $269.4 million at an average price of $19.34 and $17.70 per share. No shares of the Company’s common stock were repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.
The cost of all repurchased shares is recorded as “Treasury stock” within the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Subsequent to the quarter ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 4,876,200 shares of its common stock at an average price of $17.44 per share for an aggregate amount of $85.0 million. As of November 5, 2025, the remaining availability under our December 2022 Authorization was $395.4 million.
2022 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan
On June 7, 2022, the Company’s shareholders, upon the recommendation of the Company’s Board of Directors, approved the Company’s 2022 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2022 Plan”). The 2022 Plan authorizes the Company to issue stock options (incentive and/or non-qualified), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock (shares and/or units), performance awards (shares and/or units), and cash awards to executive officers, non-employee directors, other employees, consultants, and advisors of the Company and its subsidiaries. Non-employee directors and consultants are eligible to receive all such awards, other than incentive stock options. Pursuant to the 2022 Plan, an initial 6,870,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for issuance, plus any shares of common stock subject to outstanding awards under both the previous 2018 Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended (“2018 Plan”) and Score Media and Gaming Inc. Second Amended and Restated Stock Option and Restricted Stock Unit Plan (the “theScore Plan”) as of June 7, 2022, and outstanding awards that are forfeited or settled for cash under each of the prior plans.
On June 6, 2023, the Company’s shareholders, upon the recommendation of the Company’s Board of Directors, approved an amendment to the 2022 Plan (as amended, the “2022 Amended Plan”), which increased the number of shares reserved for issuance under the plan by 7,000,000 shares.
On June 17, 2025, upon the recommendation of the Company’s Board of Directors, shareholders approved a second amendment to the 2022 Plan (as amended, the “2022 Plan – Second Amendment”). Among other changes, this amendment increased the total number of shares reserved for issuance to 22,067,275 shares. For purposes of determining the number of shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan – Second Amendment, stock options, restricted stock, and all other equity settled awards count against the 22,067,275 share limit as one share of common stock for each share granted. Any awards that are not settled in shares of common stock are not counted against the share limit. As of September 30, 2025, there are 8,217,921 shares available for future grants under the 2022 Plan – Second Amendment.
Performance Share Program
The Company’s performance share programs were adopted to provide our NEOs and certain other key executives with stock-based compensation tied directly to the Company’s performance, which further aligns their interests with our shareholders and provides compensation only if the designated performance goals are met for the applicable performance periods.
The Company granted 1,254,323 and 1,317,269 restricted units with performance-based vesting conditions, at target, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The restricted performance units were granted under the 2022 Amended Plan, and each grant consists of one three-year performance period over a three-year service period. The awards have the potential to be earned at between 0% and 200% of the number of shares granted depending on achievement of the performance goals and remain subject to vesting for the full three-year service period.
Stock-based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense pertains to our stock options and restricted stock, including restricted stock with performance conditions. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $16.8 million and $12.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $48.5 million and $39.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which is included in “General and administrative” expense within the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.