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Fair Value Measurements
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements
Note 8    Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
The following is a description of the methodologies used to estimate the fair values of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which those measurements are typically classified.
Investment securities available for sale and marketable equity securities—Fair value measurements are based on quoted prices in active markets when available; these measurements are classified within level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. These securities typically include U.S. Treasury securities and certain preferred stocks. If quoted prices in active markets are not available, fair values are estimated using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, quoted prices of identical securities in less active markets, discounted cash flow techniques, or matrix pricing models. These securities are generally classified within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and typically include all categories of investment securities not classified within level 1 of the hierarchy. Pricing of these securities is generally primarily spread driven. Observable inputs that may impact the valuation of these securities include benchmark yield curves, credit spreads, reported trades, dealer quotes, bids, issuer spreads, current rating, historical constant prepayment rates, historical voluntary prepayment rates, structural and waterfall features of individual securities, published collateral data, and for certain securities, historical constant default rates and default severities.
The Company uses third-party pricing services in determining fair value measurements for investment securities. To obtain an understanding of the methodologies and assumptions used, management reviews written documentation provided by the pricing services, conducts interviews with valuation desk personnel and reviews model results and detailed assumptions used to value selected securities as considered necessary. Management has established a robust price challenge process that includes a review by the treasury front office of all prices provided on a quarterly basis. Any price evidencing significant unexpected quarter over quarter fluctuations or deviations from expectations is challenged. The Company has also established a quarterly process whereby prices provided by its primary pricing service are validated by obtaining a price from a second external source for most securities in the portfolio. If considered necessary to resolve any discrepancies, a price will be obtained from an additional independent valuation source. The Company does not typically adjust the prices provided, other than through this established challenge process. The results of price challenges are subject to review by executive management. Any price discrepancies are resolved based on careful consideration of the assumptions and inputs employed by each of the pricing sources.
Derivative financial instruments—Fair values of interest rate derivatives are determined using widely accepted discounted cash flow modeling techniques. These discounted cash flow models use projections of future cash payments and receipts that are discounted at mid-market rates. Observable inputs that may impact the valuation of these instruments include benchmark swap rates and benchmark forward yield curves. These fair value measurements are generally classified within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated (in thousands):
 September 30, 2025
 Level 1Level 2Total
Investment securities available for sale:   
U.S. Treasury securities$168,717 $— $168,717 
U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise residential MBS— 2,695,502 2,695,502 
U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise commercial MBS— 526,725 526,725 
Private label residential MBS and CMOs— 2,356,205 2,356,205 
Private label commercial MBS— 2,260,380 2,260,380 
Single family real estate-backed securities— 227,081 227,081 
Collateralized loan obligations— 988,355 988,355 
Non-mortgage asset-backed securities— 67,898 67,898 
State and municipal obligations— 105,765 105,765 
SBA securities— 61,785 61,785 
Marketable equity securities8,669 — 8,669 
Derivative assets— 91,811 91,811 
Total assets at fair value$177,386 $9,381,507 $9,558,893 
Derivative liabilities$— $(86,502)$(86,502)
Total liabilities at fair value$— $(86,502)$(86,502)
 December 31, 2024
 Level 1Level 2Total
Investment securities available for sale:   
U.S. Treasury securities
$202,952 $— $202,952 
U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise residential MBS— 2,649,690 2,649,690 
U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise commercial MBS— 495,753 495,753 
Private label residential MBS and CMOs— 2,238,046 2,238,046 
Private label commercial MBS— 1,784,029 1,784,029 
Single family real estate-backed securities— 327,081 327,081 
Collateralized loan obligations— 1,132,699 1,132,699 
Non-mortgage asset-backed securities— 94,454 94,454 
State and municipal obligations— 104,010 104,010 
SBA securities— 72,702 72,702 
Marketable equity securities
28,828 — 28,828 
Derivative assets— 85,132 85,132 
Total assets at fair value$231,780 $8,983,596 $9,215,376 
Derivative liabilities$— $(85,899)$(85,899)
Total liabilities at fair value$— $(85,899)$(85,899)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
The following is a description of the methodologies used to estimate the fair values of assets and liabilities that may be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which those measurements are typically classified:
Collateral dependent loans and OREO—The carrying amount of collateral dependent loans is typically based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, which may be real estate, enterprise value or other business assets, less estimated costs to sell when repayment is expected to come from the sale of the collateral. The carrying value of OREO is initially measured based on the fair value of the real estate acquired in foreclosure and subsequently adjusted to the lower of cost or estimated fair value, less estimated cost to sell. Fair values of real estate collateral and OREO are typically based on third-party real estate appraisals which utilize market and income approaches to valuation incorporating both observable and unobservable inputs.
Fair value measurements related to collateral dependent loans and OREO are generally classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents the net carrying value of assets classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy at the dates indicated, for which non-recurring changes in fair value were recorded during the period then ended (in thousands):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Collateral dependent loans$154,912 $165,951 
OREO413 2,577 
$155,325 $168,528 
The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which those measurements are classified at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):
 September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
 LevelCarrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value
Assets:     
Cash and cash equivalents1$559,505 $559,505 $491,116 $491,116 
Investment securities 1/2$9,467,082 $9,467,082 $9,130,244 $9,130,244 
Non-marketable equity securities2$165,922 $165,922 $206,297 $206,297 
Loans, net3$23,482,610 $22,919,819 $24,074,827 $23,053,011 
Derivative assets2$91,811 $91,811 $85,132 $85,132 
Liabilities:
Demand, savings and money market deposits2$25,171,591 $25,171,591 $23,564,414 $23,564,414 
Time deposits2$3,446,696 $3,438,593 $4,301,289 $4,279,475 
FHLB advances2$2,080,000 $2,080,017 $2,930,000 $2,929,896 
Notes and other borrowings2$320,431 $317,762 $708,553 $695,457 
Derivative liabilities2$86,502 $86,502 $85,899 $85,899