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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable
Loans consisted of the following at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):
 September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
 
Amortized Cost
Percent of Total Loans
Amortized Cost
Percent of Total Loans
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate$5,820,343 24.6 %$5,652,203 23.3 %
Construction and land714,272 3.0 %561,989 2.3 %
Owner occupied commercial real estate1,943,331 8.2 %1,941,004 8.0 %
Commercial and industrial6,612,538 27.8 %7,042,222 28.9 %
Pinnacle - municipal finance637,198 2.7 %720,661 3.0 %
Franchise and equipment finance
134,635 0.6 %213,477 0.9 %
Mortgage warehouse lending 709,185 3.0 %585,610 2.4 %
 16,571,502 69.9 %16,717,166 68.8 %
Residential:
1-4 single family residential6,199,657 26.2 %6,508,922 26.8 %
Government insured residential931,335 3.9 %1,071,892 4.4 %
7,130,992 30.1 %7,580,814 31.2 %
Total loans23,702,494 100.0 %24,297,980 100.0 %
Allowance for credit losses(219,884)(223,153)
Loans, net$23,482,610 $24,074,827 
Allowance for Credit Losses on Financing Receivables
Activity in the ACL is summarized below for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
 20252024
 CommercialResidentialTotalCommercialResidentialTotal
Beginning balance$208,961 $13,769 $222,730 $219,472 $6,226 $225,698 
Provision (recovery)12,451 (600)11,851 3,495 5,596 9,091 
Charge-offs(15,773)— (15,773)(9,679)(92)(9,771)
Recoveries1,073 1,076 3,231 — 3,231 
Ending balance$206,712 $13,172 $219,884 $216,519 $11,730 $228,249 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20252024
 CommercialResidentialTotalCommercialResidentialTotal
Beginning balance$211,203 $11,950 $223,153 $195,058 $7,631 $202,689 
Provision
42,089 1,419 43,508 42,498 4,221 46,719 
Charge-offs(52,581)(208)(52,789)(31,131)(126)(31,257)
Recoveries6,001 11 6,012 10,094 10,098 
Ending balance$206,712 $13,172 $219,884 $216,519 $11,730 $228,249 
The following table presents the components of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Amount related to funded portion of loans$11,851 $9,091 $43,508 $46,719 
Amount related to off-balance sheet credit exposures(274)157 (1,122)(2,648)
Total provision for credit losses$11,577 $9,248 $42,386 $44,071 
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss
The following table presents gross charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 by year of origination (in thousands):
Gross Charge-offs By Loan Origination Year
 2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
Prior to 2021
Revolving LoansTotal
CRE$— $— $— $3,519 $2,983 $12,030 $— $18,532 
C&I1,616 6,844 3,752 9,833 1,019 10,980 34,049 
Residential
— — — 208 — — — 208 
$1,616 $6,844 $3,752 $13,560 $2,988 $13,049 $10,980 $52,789 
Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators These borrowers may exhibit payment defaults, inadequate cash flows from current operations, operating losses, increasing balance sheet leverage, project cost overruns, unreasonable construction delays, exhausted interest reserves, declining collateral values, frequent overdrafts or past due real estate taxes. Loans with weaknesses so severe that collection in full is highly questionable or improbable, but because of certain reasonably specific pending factors have not been charged off, are assigned an internal risk rating of doubtful. 
Commercial credit exposure based on internal risk rating (in thousands):
September 30, 2025
Amortized Cost By Origination YearRevolving Loans
20252024202320222021PriorTotal
CRE
Pass$1,105,628 $887,542 $888,046 $901,743 $407,950 $1,500,381 $117,486 $5,808,776 
Special mention— — — 21,502 — 33,060 — 54,562 
Substandard— — 18,456 149,072 110,673 393,076 — 671,277 
Total CRE$1,105,628 $887,542 $906,502 $1,072,317 $518,623 $1,926,517 $117,486 $6,534,615 
C&I
Pass$1,075,447 $1,260,610 $944,014 $761,589 $350,640 $1,107,708 $2,573,352 $8,073,360 
Special mention— 7,527 13,346 12,065 5,293 — 43,847 82,078 
Substandard1,255 13,913 52,865 89,004 20,095 124,962 49,708 351,802 
Doubtful9,991 3,928 2,616 8,316 14,955 — 8,823 48,629 
Total C&I$1,086,693 $1,285,978 $1,012,841 $870,974 $390,983 $1,232,670 $2,675,730 $8,555,869 
Pinnacle - municipal finance
Pass$85,705 $37,620 $56,995 $65,322 $43,230 $348,326 $— $637,198 
Total Pinnacle - municipal finance$85,705 $37,620 $56,995 $65,322 $43,230 $348,326 $— $637,198 
Franchise and equipment finance
Pass$— $— $1,838 $3,689 $25,521 $65,669 $20,423 $117,140 
Substandard— — — — — 17,489 — 17,489 
Doubtful— — — — — — 
Total Franchise and equipment finance
$— $— $1,838 $3,689 $25,521 $83,164 $20,423 $134,635 
Mortgage warehouse lending
Pass$— $— $— $— $— $— $709,185 $709,185 
Total Mortgage warehouse lending$— $— $— $— $— $— $709,185 $709,185 
December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost By Origination YearRevolving Loans
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
CRE
Pass$921,888 $783,342 $1,119,032 $609,452 $399,806 $1,478,261 $114,648 $5,426,429 
Special mention— — — — 39,714 19,057 — 58,771 
Substandard— 21,853 131,816 121,005 76,590 377,728 — 728,992 
Total CRE$921,888 $805,195 $1,250,848 $730,457 $516,110 $1,875,046 $114,648 $6,214,192 
C&I
Pass$1,514,746 $1,182,701 $962,478 $470,041 $269,508 $1,085,412 $2,931,044 $8,415,930 
Special mention45,092 8,231 73,226 35,581 — — 41,486 203,616 
Substandard— 49,681 74,001 40,108 10,529 101,028 81,798 357,145 
Doubtful— — — — — — 6,535 6,535 
Total C&I$1,559,838 $1,240,613 $1,109,705 $545,730 $280,037 $1,186,440 $3,060,863 $8,983,226 
Pinnacle - municipal finance
Pass$60,317 $108,440 $93,800 $51,034 $24,010 $383,060 $— $720,661 
Total Pinnacle - municipal finance$60,317 $108,440 $93,800 $51,034 $24,010 $383,060 $— $720,661 
Franchise and equipment finance
Pass$— $2,014 $26,408 $54,871 $16,435 $84,879 $174 $184,781 
Substandard— — — 1,486 275 26,614 — 28,375 
Doubtful— — — — — 321 — 321 
Total Franchise and equipment finance
$— $2,014 $26,408 $56,357 $16,710 $111,814 $174 $213,477 
Mortgage warehouse lending
Pass$— $— $— $— $— $— $585,610 $585,610 
Total Mortgage warehouse lending$— $— $— $— $— $— $585,610 $585,610 
The following table presents criticized and classified commercial loans in aggregate by risk rating category at the dates indicated (in thousands):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Special mention$136,640 $262,387 
Substandard - accruing733,615 894,754 
Substandard - non-accruing306,953 219,758 
Doubtful48,635 6,856 
Total $1,225,843 $1,383,755 
Factors that impact risk inherent in the residential portfolio segment include national and regional economic conditions such as levels of unemployment, wages and interest rates, as well as residential property values.
1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on delinquency status (in thousands):
September 30, 2025
Amortized Cost By Origination Year
Days Past Due
20252024202320222021PriorTotal
Current $175,175 $221,443 $254,376 $946,787 $2,596,718 $1,950,163 $6,144,662 
30 - 59 Days Past Due1,658 275 1,687 2,547 11,126 15,702 32,995 
60 - 89 Days Past Due144 282 187 2,910 931 2,574 7,028 
90 Days or More Past Due149 1,571 72 — 4,652 8,528 14,972 
$177,126 $223,571 $256,322 $952,244 $2,613,427 $1,976,967 $6,199,657 
December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost By Origination Year
Days Past Due
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Current $251,767 $304,595 $1,012,777 $2,744,941 $798,346 $1,340,402 $6,452,828 
30 - 59 Days Past Due— 3,045 4,948 15,368 474 9,140 32,975 
60 - 89 Days Past Due156 — 1,445 4,007 — 547 6,155 
90 Days or More Past Due— — 2,486 3,457 — 11,021 16,964 
$251,923 $307,640 $1,021,656 $2,767,773 $798,820 $1,361,110 $6,508,922 
1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on LTV (in thousands): 
September 30, 2025
Amortized Cost By Origination Year
LTV20252024202320222021PriorTotal
Less than 61%$30,115 $26,649 $44,261 $216,616 $1,057,468 $671,390 $2,046,499 
61% - 70% 30,797 29,641 31,508 248,378 726,409 470,259 1,536,992 
71% - 80%70,671 133,550 148,580 483,789 798,436 801,860 2,436,886 
More than 80%45,543 33,731 31,973 3,461 31,114 33,458 179,280 
$177,126 $223,571 $256,322 $952,244 $2,613,427 $1,976,967 $6,199,657 
December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost By Origination Year
LTV20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Less than 61%$27,646 $51,565 $236,020 $1,124,532 $304,755 $425,814 $2,170,332 
61% - 70% 33,033 42,636 263,959 759,931 203,423 307,052 1,610,034 
71% - 80% 156,942 175,651 518,164 851,427 290,573 590,130 2,582,887 
More than 80%34,302 37,788 3,513 31,883 69 38,114 145,669 
$251,923 $307,640 $1,021,656 $2,767,773 $798,820 $1,361,110 $6,508,922 
1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on FICO score (in thousands):
September 30, 2025
Amortized Cost By Origination Year
FICO20252024202320222021PriorTotal
760 or greater$126,736 $166,459 $188,248 $691,086 $2,090,460 $1,435,230 $4,698,219 
720 - 75938,572 37,598 39,888 146,065 329,908 300,174 892,205 
719 or less or not available
11,818 19,514 28,186 115,093 193,059 241,563 609,233 
$177,126 $223,571 $256,322 $952,244 $2,613,427 $1,976,967 $6,199,657 
December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost By Origination Year
FICO20242023202220212020PriorTotal
760 or greater$179,256 $215,486 $725,399 $2,202,004 $642,572 $952,136 $4,916,853 
720 - 75958,642 59,356 173,309 365,198 95,495 192,943 944,943 
719 or less or not available
14,025 32,798 122,948 200,571 60,753 216,031 647,126 
$251,923 $307,640 $1,021,656 $2,767,773 $798,820 $1,361,110 $6,508,922 
Financing Receivable, Past Due
The following table presents an aging of loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):
 September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
 Current30 - 59
Days Past
Due
60 - 89
Days Past
Due
90 Days or
More Past
Due
Total Amortized Cost
Current30 - 59
Days Past
Due
60 - 89
Days Past
Due
90 Days or
More Past
Due
Total Amortized Cost
CRE$6,460,963 $10,000 $1,344 $62,308 $6,534,615 $6,145,386 $35,000 $— $33,806 $6,214,192 
C&I8,438,213 33,737 35,242 48,677 8,555,869 8,911,057 16,137 25,645 30,387 8,983,226 
Pinnacle - municipal finance637,198 — — — 637,198 720,661 — — — 720,661 
Franchise and equipment finance
134,635 — — — 134,635 213,477 — — — 213,477 
Mortgage warehouse lending 709,185 — — — 709,185 585,610 — — — 585,610 
1-4 single family residential6,144,662 32,995 7,028 14,972 6,199,657 6,452,828 32,975 6,155 16,964 6,508,922 
Government insured residential636,613 93,992 38,023 162,707 931,335 691,111 108,287 46,681 225,813 1,071,892 
 $23,161,469 $170,724 $81,637 $288,664 $23,702,494 $23,720,130 $192,399 $78,481 $306,970 $24,297,980 
Financing Receivable, Nonaccrual
The following table presents information about loans on non-accrual status at the dates indicated (in thousands):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Amortized CostAmortized Cost With No Related AllowanceAmortized CostAmortized Cost With No Related Allowance
CRE$149,993 $110,920 $95,378 $65,004 
C&I203,486 44,422 125,226 41,929 
Franchise and equipment finance
2,701 1,351 6,010 4,345 
1-4 single family residential23,234 — 23,500 — 
$379,414 $156,693 $250,114 $111,278 
Schedule of Collateral Dependent Loans
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Amortized CostExtent to Which Secured by CollateralAmortized CostExtent to Which Secured by Collateral
CRE$149,631 $149,208 $94,283 $91,050 
C&I79,483 73,615 87,565 78,150 
Franchise and equipment finance 2,701 2,695 6,010 5,689 
 $231,815 $225,518 $187,858 $174,889 
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring
The following tables summarize loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, by type of modification, during the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Combination
Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionOther than Insignificant Payment Delays
Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays
Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays
Total
% Modified in Portfolio Segment
CRE$— $28,170 $— $— $— $— $28,170 — %
C&I— 2,194 — — — — 2,194 — %
Government insured residential— 10,450 — 5,678 — — 16,128 %
$— $40,814 $— $5,678 $— $— $46,492 — %
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Combination
Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionOther than Insignificant Payment Delays
Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays
Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays
Total
% Modified in Portfolio Segment
CRE$— $119,337 $— $— $8,830 $— $128,167 %
C&I— 5,736 49,310 — — 6,406 61,452 %
1-4 single family residential35 — — — — — 35 — %
Government insured residential— 23,651 — 11,337 — — 34,988 %
$35 $148,724 $49,310 $11,337 $8,830 $6,406 $224,642 %
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Combination
Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionOther than Insignificant Payment Delays
Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays
Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays
Total
% Modified in Portfolio Segment
C&I$— $$— $11 $— $— $19 — %
Franchise and equipment finance — 1,700 — — — — 1,700 %
Government insured residential— 8,810 — 2,927 — — 11,737 %
$— $10,518 $— $2,938 $— $— $13,456 — %
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Combination
Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionOther than Insignificant Payment Delays
Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension
Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays
Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays
Total
% Modified in Portfolio Segment
CRE$— $1,277 $— $— $— $— $1,277 — %
C&I— 84,618 — 39 — — 84,657 %
Franchise and equipment finance — 1,700 — — — — 1,700 %
Government insured residential— 23,712 — 4,783 — — 28,495 %
$— $111,307 $— $4,822 $— $— $116,129 — %
The following tables summarize the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing difficulty, during the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Financial Effect
Term Extension:
CRE
Added a weighted average 3.5 years to the term of the modified loans.
C&I
Added a weighted average 0.3 year to the term of the modified loans.
Government insured residential
Added a weighted average 12.2 years to the term of the modified loans.
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension:
Government insured residential
Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.2% to 6.6% and added a weighted average 3.0 years to the term of the modified loans.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Financial Effect
Interest Rate Reduction:
1-4 single family residential
Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 8.3% to 7.0%.
Term Extension:
CRE
Added a weighted average 1.5 years to the term of the modified loans.
C&I
Added a weighted average 1.2 years to the term of the modified loans.
Government insured residential
Added a weighted average 12.0 years to the term of the modified loans.
Other than Insignificant Payment Delays:
C&I
Provided 0.9 year of payment deferral.
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension:
Government insured residential
Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.2% to 6.8% and added a weighted average 2.7 years to the term of the modified loans.
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays:
CRE
Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 4.3% to 3.5% and provided 0.7 year of payment deferral.
Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays:
C&I
Added a weighted average 0.6 year to the term of the modified loans and provided 1.3 years of payment deferral.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Financial Effect
Term Extension:
C&I
Added a weighted average 1.0 year to the term of the modified loans.
Franchise and equipment finance
Added a weighted average 3.0 years to the term of the modified loans.
Government insured residential
Added a weighted average 10.0 years to the term of the modified loans.
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension:
C&I
Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 22.0% to 8.5% and added a weighted average 2.1 years to the term of the modified loans.
Government insured residential
Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.5% to 7.0% and added a weighted average 2.2 years to the term of the modified loans.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Financial Effect
Term Extension:
CRE
Added a weighted average 1.0 year to the term of the modified loans.
C&I
Added a weighted average 1.5 years to the term of the modified loans.
Franchise and equipment finance
Added a weighted average 3.0 years to the term of the modified loans.
Government insured residential
Added a weighted average 10.1 years to the term of the modified loans.
Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension:
C&I
Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 21.5% to 6.0% and added a weighted average 2.2 years to the term of the modified loans.
Government insured residential
Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.2% to 6.7% and added a weighted average 5.1 years to the term of the modified loans.
The following tables present the aging at the dates indicated, of loans that were modified within the previous 12 months (in thousands):
September 30, 2025
Current 30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past DueTotal
CRE$190,459 $— $— $16,450 $206,909 
C&I69,692 18,500 1,996 850 91,038 
1-4 single family residential 35 — 169 — 204 
Government insured residential 14,376 6,627 6,122 14,018 41,143 
$274,562 $25,127 $8,287 $31,318 $339,294 
September 30, 2024
Current 30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past DueTotal
CRE$1,277 $— $— $— $1,277 
C&I87,655 28 — — 87,683 
Franchise and equipment finance 10,913 — — — 10,913 
1-4 single family residential 72 — — — 72 
Government insured residential 12,818 6,699 3,973 14,385 37,875 
$112,735 $6,727 $3,973 $14,385 $137,820 
Financing Receivable, Modified, Subsequent Default
The following tables summarize loans that were modified within the previous 12 months and defaulted during the periods indicated (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,
20252024
Term ExtensionOther than Insignificant Payment DelaysCombination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionTotalTerm ExtensionOther than Insignificant Payment DelaysCombination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionTotal
C&I$— $668 $— $668 $— $— $— $— 
Government insured residential8,180 — 3,169 11,349 5,664 — 279 5,943 
$8,180 $668 $3,169 $12,017 $5,664 $— $279 $5,943 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20252024
Term ExtensionOther than Insignificant Payment Delays Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension TotalTerm ExtensionOther than Insignificant Payment DelaysCombination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term ExtensionTotal
C&I$— $1,563 $— $1,563 $— $— $— $— 
Government insured residential 12,920 — 6,617 19,537 16,474 — 4,305 20,779 
$12,920 $1,563 $6,617 $21,100 $16,474 $— $4,305 $20,779