Income Taxes

Income Tax Provision

On February 4, 2013, we converted from a limited liability company to a corporation. In addition, we elected to be treated as a corporation for federal and state income tax purposes effective as of January 1, 2013. Therefore, we became subject to federal and state income tax expense beginning January 1, 2013. As a limited liability company, we were treated as a disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes and, as such, were included in the income tax return for BC Holdings. Our income tax provision generally consisted of income taxes payable to state jurisdictions that did not allow for the income tax liability to be passed through to our former sole member as well as income taxes payable by our separate subsidiaries that are taxed as corporations. As a limited liability company, we had an effective tax rate of less than 1%. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2012, we recorded $0.1 million and $0.2 million of income tax expense, respectively.

For tax purposes, our conversion from a limited liability company to a corporation was deemed a nontaxable transfer of Boise Cascade, L.L.C., assets and liabilities to Boise Cascade Company. As a result of our conversion to a corporation, we recorded total deferred tax assets of $101.9 million and total deferred tax liabilities of $33.2 million on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, the effect of which was recorded as an income tax benefit in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. These deferred tax items largely consisted of a $69.8 million deferred tax asset related to the pension liability, a $27.4 million deferred tax liability related to property and equipment, and $18.0 million of deferred tax assets related to other employee benefits. No valuation allowance was recorded on our domestic deferred tax assets, except for capital loss carryforwards of $6.1 million, as it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets.

As a corporation, we are subject to typical corporate U.S. federal, state, and foreign income tax rates. Boise Cascade Company will file tax returns as a corporation for the year ending December 31, 2013. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2013, excluding the discrete establishment of net deferred tax assets, we recorded $9.6 million and $24.0 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 37.7% and 38.4%, respectively. During the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the primary reason for the difference from the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% and the effective tax rate, excluding the deferred discrete item, was the effect of state taxes.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, cash paid for taxes, net of refunds received, was $17.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal tax provision and the reported tax provision is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

Income before income taxes	$	62,400
Statutory U.S. income tax rate	35.0		%

Statutory tax provision	$	21,840
State taxes	2,013
Other	105
Total	$	23,958

Effective income tax rate excluding discrete item	38.4		%

Recognition of beginning deferred tax balances	$	(68,666	)

Income tax benefit with discrete item	$	(44,708	)

Effective income tax rate with discrete item	(71.6		)%

The income tax provision (benefit) shown in the Consolidated Statement of Operations includes the following (dollars in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

Current income tax provision (benefit)
Federal	$	17,516
State	2,849
Foreign	22
Total current	$	20,387

Deferred income tax provision (benefit)
Federal	$	(59,648	)
State	(5,447		)
Foreign	—
Total deferred	$	(65,095	)
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	(44,708	)

In September 2013, the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department released final 263(a) regulations regarding the deduction and capitalization of expenditures related to tangible property. In general, the final regulations apply to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2014. We do not anticipate that these new regulations will materially affect our income tax provision.

Income Tax Uncertainties

Boise Cascade, and/or one of its subsidiaries, files federal income tax returns in the U.S. and Canada and various state income tax returns. The significant state jurisdictions are California, Idaho, Oregon, and Texas.

We recognize tax liabilities and adjust these liabilities when our judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available or as new uncertainties occur. As of September 30, 2013, we had an insignificant amount of unrecognized tax benefits recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and we do not expect a significant change to the amount of unrecognized tax benefits over the next 12 months. We had no unrecognized tax benefits recorded as of December 31, 2012.

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. During each of the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we recognized an insignificant amount of interest and penalties related to taxes.