10-Q 1 bcc930201610-q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35805
Boise Cascade Company
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 20-1496201
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1111 West Jefferson Street
Suite 300
Boise, Idaho 83702-5389
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(208) 384-6161
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
There were 38,750,929 shares of the registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding on October 21, 2016.

Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  | 1
|  | Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 6
|  | 1. Nature of Operations and Consolidation |  | 6
|  | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |  | 6
|  | 3. Income Taxes |  | 10
|  | 4. Net Income Per Common Share |  | 10
|  | 5. Acquisitions |  | 11
|  | 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets |  | 12
|  | 7. Debt |  | 13
|  | 8. Retirement and Benefit Plans |  | 16
|  | 9. Stock-Based Compensation |  | 17
|  | 10. Stockholders' Equity |  | 18
|  | 11. Transactions With Related Party |  | 19
|  | 12. Segment Information |  | 19
|  | 13. Commitments, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, and Guarantees |  | 21
|  | 14. Consolidating Guarantor and Nonguarantor Financial Information |  | 22
Item 2. |  | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 33
|  | Understanding Our Financial Information |  | 33
|  | Executive Overview |  | 33
|  | Factors That Affect Our Operating Results and Trends |  | 34
|  | Our Operating Results |  | 36
|  | Liquidity and Capital Resources |  | 41
|  | Contractual Obligations |  | 43
|  | Off-Balance-Sheet Activities |  | 43
|  | Guarantees |  | 43
|  | Seasonal and Inflationary Influences |  | 44
|  | Employees |  | 44
|  | Disclosures of Financial Market Risks |  | 44
|  | Financial Instruments |  | 44
|  | Environmental |  | 45
|  | Critical Accounting Estimates |  | 45
|  | New and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards |  | 46
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 46
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 46
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 48
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 48
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 48
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 48
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 48
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 48
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 48

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Boise Cascade Company Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands, except per-share data)
Sales | $ | 1,067,214 |  |  | $ | 991,580 |  |  | $ | 2,991,682 |  |  | $ | 2,756,880 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) | 922,101 |  |  | 854,134 |  |  | 2,586,360 |  |  | 2,383,756 |
Depreciation and amortization | 19,459 |  |  | 14,249 |  |  | 53,249 |  |  | 41,117 |
Selling and distribution expenses | 80,026 |  |  | 72,668 |  |  | 224,922 |  |  | 202,802 |
General and administrative expenses | 14,367 |  |  | 11,345 |  |  | 46,031 |  |  | 35,371 |
Other (income) expense, net | (46 | ) |  | (1,256 | ) |  | (1,459 | ) |  | (1,653 | )
| 1,035,907 |  |  | 951,140 |  |  | 2,909,103 |  |  | 2,661,393 |
Income from operations | 31,307 |  |  | 40,440 |  |  | 82,579 |  |  | 95,487 |
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) | (40 | ) |  | (148 | ) |  | 186 |  |  | (214 | )
Interest expense | (7,135 | ) |  | (5,729 | ) |  | (19,364 | ) |  | (16,801 | )
Interest income | 60 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 221 |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps | 836 |  |  | — |  |  | (765 | ) |  | — |
Loss on extinguishment of debt | (9,525 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9,525 | ) |  | — |
| (15,804 | ) |  | (5,804 | ) |  | (29,232 | ) |  | (16,794 | )
Income before income taxes | 15,503 |  |  | 34,636 |  |  | 53,347 |  |  | 78,693 |
Income tax provision | (5,522 | ) |  | (12,629 | ) |  | (19,188 | ) |  | (28,839 | )
Net income | $ | 9,981 |  |  | $ | 22,007 |  |  | $ | 34,159 |  |  | $ | 49,854 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 38,814 |  |  | 39,127 |  |  | 38,827 |  |  | 39,372 |
Diluted | 39,120 |  |  | 39,240 |  |  | 38,950 |  |  | 39,473 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |
Diluted | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |

See accompanying condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
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Boise Cascade Company Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands)
Net income | $ | 9,981 |  |  | $ | 22,007 |  |  | $ | 34,159 |  |  | $ | 49,854 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial gain, net of tax of $-, $-, $-, and $7,422, respectively | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,923 |
Amortization of actuarial loss, net of tax of $225, $379, $593, and $1,496 respectively | 359 |  |  | 608 |  |  | 947 |  |  | 2,401 |
Effect of settlements, net of tax of $-, $-, $114, and $192, respectively | — |  |  | — |  |  | 183 |  |  | 309 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | 359 |  |  | 608 |  |  | 1,130 |  |  | 14,633 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 10,340 |  |  | $ | 22,615 |  |  | $ | 35,289 |  |  | $ | 64,487 |

See accompanying condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
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Boise Cascade Company Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)
| September 30, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
| (thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 131,184 |  |  | $ | 184,496 |
Restricted cash deposits with trustee | 122,856 |  |  | — |
Receivables |  |  |  |
Trade, less allowances of $1,388 and $1,734 | 263,199 |  |  | 187,138 |
Related parties | 439 |  |  | 1,065 |
Other | 8,687 |  |  | 10,861 |
Inventories | 451,056 |  |  | 384,857 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 9,842 |  |  | 17,153 |
Total current assets | 987,263 |  |  | 785,570 |
Property and equipment, net | 557,213 |  |  | 402,666 |
Timber deposits | 11,545 |  |  | 15,848 |
Goodwill | 55,433 |  |  | 21,823 |
Intangible assets, net | 15,720 |  |  | 10,090 |
Other assets | 11,631 |  |  | 12,609 |
Total assets | $ | 1,638,805 |  |  | $ | 1,248,606 |

See accompanying condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
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Boise Cascade Company Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued) (unaudited)
| September 30, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
| (thousands, except per-share data)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 114,342 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts payable |  |  |
Trade | 245,091 |  |  | 159,029 |
Related parties | 2,176 |  |  | 1,442 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  |
Compensation and benefits | 62,007 |  |  | 54,712 |
Interest payable | 4,998 |  |  | 3,389 |
Other | 49,633 |  |  | 40,078 |
Total current liabilities | 478,247 |  |  | 258,650 |
Debt |  |  |
Long-term debt, less current portion | 467,232 |  |  | 344,589 |
Other |  |  |
Compensation and benefits | 93,374 |  |  | 93,355 |
Other long-term liabilities | 27,478 |  |  | 17,342 |
| 120,852 |  |  | 110,697 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 50,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 300,000 shares authorized, 43,518 and 43,413 shares issued, respectively | 435 |  |  | 434 |
Treasury stock, 4,767 and 4,587 shares at cost, respectively | (126,343 | ) |  | (123,711 | )
Additional paid-in capital | 513,212 |  |  | 508,066 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (91,885 | ) |  | (93,015 | )
Retained earnings | 277,055 |  |  | 242,896 |
Total stockholders' equity | 572,474 |  |  | 534,670 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,638,805 |  |  | $ | 1,248,606 |

See accompanying condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
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Boise Cascade Company Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands)
Cash provided by (used for) operations |  |  |
Net income | $ | 34,159 |  |  | $ | 49,854 |
Items in net income not using (providing) cash |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization, including deferred financing costs and other | 54,609 |  |  | 42,314 |
Stock-based compensation | 5,980 |  |  | 4,330 |
Pension expense | 1,749 |  |  | 2,844 |
Deferred income taxes | 7,008 |  |  | 20,722 |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps | 765 |  |  | — |
Other | 67 |  |  | (1,853 | )
Loss on extinguishment of debt | 9,525 |  |  | — |
Decrease (increase) in working capital, net of acquisitions |  |  |  |
Receivables | (62,794 | ) |  | (59,381 | )
Inventories | (48,362 | ) |  | (10,154 | )
Prepaid expenses and other | (3,678 | ) |  | (2,241 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 102,313 |  |  | 76,485 |
Pension contributions | (3,338 | ) |  | (53,701 | )
Income taxes payable | 13,623 |  |  | 13,489 |
Restricted cash deposits with trustee for interest payments | (3,681 | ) |  | — |
Other | 5,309 |  |  | (4,782 | )
Net cash provided by operations | 113,254 |  |  | 77,926 |
Cash provided by (used for) investment |  |  |  |  |
Expenditures for property and equipment | (55,426 | ) |  | (56,698 | )
Acquisitions of businesses and facilities | (215,900 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of assets and other | 546 |  |  | 2,959 |
Net cash used for investment | (270,780 | ) |  | (53,739 | )
Cash provided by (used for) financing |  |  |
Borrowings of long-term debt, including revolving credit facility | 835,000 |  |  | 50,000 |
Payments on long-term debt, including revolving credit facility | (602,096 | ) |  | — |
Restricted cash deposits with trustee for debt payments | (119,175 | ) |  | — |
Treasury stock purchased | (2,632 | ) |  | (23,711 | )
Financing costs | (6,319 | ) |  | (702 | )
Tax withholding payments on stock-based awards | (383 | ) |  | (1,160 | )
Other | (181 | ) |  | 621 |
Net cash provided by financing | 104,214 |  |  | 25,048 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (53,312 | ) |  | 49,235 |
Balance at beginning of the period | 184,496 |  |  | 163,549 |
Balance at end of the period | $ | 131,184 |  |  | $ | 212,784 |

See accompanying condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements.
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Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements

1. | Nature of Operations and Consolidation

Nature of Operations
Boise Cascade Company is a building products company headquartered in Boise, Idaho. As used in this Form 10-Q, the terms "Boise Cascade," "we," and "our" refer to Boise Cascade Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. We are one of the largest producers of engineered wood products (EWP) and plywood in North America and a leading U.S. wholesale distributor of building products.
We operate our business using three reportable segments: (1) Wood Products, which manufactures EWP, plywood, ponderosa pine lumber, studs, and particleboard; (2) Building Materials Distribution, which is a wholesale distributor of building materials; and (3) Corporate and Other, which includes corporate support staff services, related assets and liabilities, pension plan activity, and foreign currency exchange gains and losses. For more information, see Note 12, Segment Information.
Consolidation
The accompanying quarterly consolidated financial statements have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm but, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Except as disclosed within these condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements, the adjustments made were of a normal, recurring nature. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in our annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted. The quarterly consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Boise Cascade and its subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany balances and transactions. Quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the full year. These condensed notes to unaudited quarterly consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our 2015 Form 10-K and the other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies
The complete summary of significant accounting policies is included in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets; legal contingencies; guarantee obligations; indemnifications; assumptions used in retirement, medical, and workers' compensation benefits; stock-based compensation; fair value measurements; income taxes; and vendor and customer rebates, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management's best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements in future periods.
Vendor and Customer Rebates and Allowances
We receive rebates and allowances from our vendors under a number of different programs, including vendor marketing programs. At September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, we had $5.9 million and $7.7 million, respectively, of
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vendor rebates and allowances recorded in "Receivables, Other" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Rebates and allowances received from our vendors are recognized as a reduction of "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)" when the product is sold, unless the rebates and allowances are linked to a specific incremental cost to sell a vendor's product. Amounts received from vendors that are linked to specific selling and distribution expenses are recognized as a reduction of "Selling and distribution expenses" in the period the expense is incurred.
We also provide rebates to our customers and our customers' customers based on the volume of their purchases. We provide the rebates to increase the sell-through of our products. The rebates are recorded as a decrease in "Sales." At September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, we had $34.4 million and $27.7 million, respectively, of rebates payable to our customers recorded in "Accrued liabilities, Other" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Leases
We lease a portion of our distribution centers as well as other property and equipment under operating leases. For purposes of determining straight-line rent expense, the lease term is calculated from the date we first take possession of the facility, including any periods of free rent and any renewal option periods we are reasonably assured of exercising. Rental expense for operating leases was $4.6 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $13.5 million and $13.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Sublease rental income was not material in any of the periods presented.
Inventories
Inventories included the following (work in process is not material):

|  | September 30, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
|  | (thousands)
Finished goods and work in process |  | $ | 346,905 |  |  | $ | 292,826 |
Logs |  | 63,892 |  |  | 58,299 |
Other raw materials and supplies |  | 40,259 |  |  | 33,732 |
|  | $ | 451,056 |  |  | $ | 384,857 |

Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consisted of the following asset classes:

|  | September 30, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
|  | (thousands)
Land |  | $ | 38,696 |  |  | $ | 36,876 |
Buildings |  | 135,001 |  |  | 106,269 |
Improvements |  | 50,240 |  |  | 46,205 |
Mobile equipment, information technology, and office furniture |  | 121,101 |  |  | 109,702 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 600,461 |  |  | 437,433 |
Construction in progress |  | 25,551 |  |  | 34,661 |
|  | 971,050 |  |  | 771,146 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | (413,837 | ) |  | (368,480 | )
|  | $ | 557,213 |  |  | $ | 402,666 |

As of September 30, 2016, $149.1 million of property and equipment relates to two EWP facilities acquired by us on March 31, 2016. For more information, see Note 5, Acquisitions.
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Fair Value
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy under GAAP gives the highest priority to quoted market prices (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). In general, and where applicable, we use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities to determine fair value (Level 1). If quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available to determine fair value, we use quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2). If quoted prices for identical or similar assets are not available or are unobservable, we may use internally developed valuation models, whose inputs include bid prices, and third-party valuations utilizing underlying asset assumptions (Level 3).
Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments are cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, long-term debt, and interest rate swaps. Our cash and restricted cash is recorded at cost, which approximates fair value, and our cash equivalents are money market funds measured at fair value. As of September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, we held $98.4 million and $170.2 million, respectively, in money market funds that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 1 inputs. The recorded values of accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair values based on their short-term nature. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the book value of our fixed-rate debt was $465.5 million and $300.0 million, respectively, and the fair value was estimated to be $474.6 million and $309.0 million, respectively. The difference between the book value and the fair value is derived from the difference between the period-end market interest rate and the stated rate of our fixed-rate, long-term debt. We estimated the fair value of our fixed-rate debt using quoted market prices of our debt in inactive markets (Level 2 inputs). The interest rate on our term loans and revolving credit facility are based on market rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or a base rate. Because the interest rate on the term loans and revolving credit facility are based on current market rates, we believe that the estimated fair value of the outstanding balance on our term loans and revolving credit facility approximates book value. As discussed below, we also have interest rate swaps to mitigate our variable interest rate exposure, the fair value of which is measured based on Level 2 inputs.
Interest Rate Risk and Interest Rate Swaps
We are exposed to interest rate risk arising from fluctuations in variable-rate LIBOR on our term loans and when we have loan amounts outstanding on our revolving credit facility. Our objective is to limit the variability of interest payments on our debt. To meet this objective, management may enter into receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps to change the variable-rate cash flow exposure to fixed-rate cash flows. In accordance with our risk management strategy, we actively monitor our interest rate exposure and use derivative instruments from time to time to manage the related risk. We do not speculate using derivative instruments.
On February 16, 2016 and March 31, 2016, we entered into interest rate swap agreements with notional principal amounts of $50.0 million and $75.0 million, respectively, to offset risks associated with the variability in cash flows relating to interest payments that are based on one-month LIBOR. Under the interest rate swaps, we receive LIBOR-based variable interest rate payments and make fixed interest rate payments, thereby fixing the interest rate on $125.0 million of debt. Payments on the interest rate swaps with notional principal amounts of $50.0 million and $75.0 million are due on a monthly basis at a fixed rate of 1.007% and 1.256%, respectively, and expire in February 2022 and March 2022, respectively. The interest rate swap agreements were not designated as cash flow hedges, and as a result, all changes in the fair value are recognized in "Change in fair value of interest rate swaps" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations rather than through other comprehensive income. At September 30, 2016, we recorded a long-term asset of $44 thousand recorded in "Other assets" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and a long-term liability of $809 thousand recorded in "Other long-term liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, each representing the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements. The swaps were valued based on observable inputs for similar assets and liabilities and other observable inputs for interest rates and yield curves (Level 2 inputs).
Concentration of Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk related to customer accounts receivable. In order to manage credit risk, we consider customer concentrations and current economic trends and monitor the creditworthiness of significant customers based on ongoing credit evaluations. At September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, receivables from two customers each accounted for approximately 12% and 10%, respectively, of total receivables. No other customer accounted for 10% or more of total receivables.
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New and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). This ASU is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. This new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, provided that all of the amendments are adopted in the same period. The guidance requires application using a retrospective transition method. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. This new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period, with adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. This amendment requires a lessee to recognize substantially all leases (whether operating or finance leases) on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and an associated lease liability. Short-term leases of 12 months or less are excluded from this amendment. For leases defined as finance leases under the new standard, the lessee subsequently recognizes interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, similar to accounting for capital leases under current GAAP. For leases defined as operating leases under the new standard, the lessee subsequently recognizes straight-line lease expense over the life of the lease. This new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is to be applied using a modified retrospective transition method with the option to elect a package of practical expedients. The adoption of this ASU will result in a significant increase to our balance sheet for lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, which has not yet been quantified. We are currently evaluating this and the other effects of this ASU on our financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This ASU requires entities to measure most inventory "at the lower of cost or net realizable value," thereby simplifying the current guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. Although the new standard is not effective until annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material effect on our financial statements.
In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures of Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent). This ASU removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. This ASU also removes the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. Although we adopted the new standard on January 1, 2016, there was no effect on our interim reporting periods. The adoption of this standard will affect certain pension asset disclosures in our annual reporting period and will have no impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. At its July 9, 2015, meeting, the FASB decided to delay the effective date of the revenue recognition standard by one year. The new standard is now effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. However, reporting entities may choose to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We have not yet selected a transition method nor have we determined the effect of the standard on our financial statements.
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There were no other accounting standards recently issued that had or are expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and associated disclosures.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in prior year's consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with current year's presentation, none of which were considered material.

3. | Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded $5.5 million and $19.2 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 35.6% and 36.0%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded $12.6 million and $28.8 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 36.5% and 36.6%, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes, offset partially by other tax credits. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes, offset partially by the domestic production activities deduction.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, refunds received, net of cash paid for taxes, were $1.4 million and $4.9 million, respectively.

4. | Net Income Per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Weighted average common shares outstanding for the basic net income per common share calculation includes certain vested restricted stock units (RSUs) as there are no conditions under which those shares will not be issued. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the combination of other potentially dilutive weighted average common shares and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Other potentially dilutive weighted average common shares include the dilutive effect of stock options, RSUs, and performance stock units (PSUs) for each period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the exercise price of a share, the amount of compensation expense, if any, for future service that has not yet been recognized, and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital, if any, when the share is exercised are assumed to be used to repurchase shares in the current period.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per common share:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands, except per-share data)
Net income | $ | 9,981 |  |  | $ | 22,007 |  |  | $ | 34,159 |  |  | $ | 49,854 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period (for basic calculation) | 38,814 |  |  | 39,127 |  |  | 38,827 |  |  | 39,372 |
Dilutive effect of other potential common shares | 306 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 101 |
Weighted average common shares and potential common shares (for diluted calculation) | 39,120 |  |  | 39,240 |  |  | 38,950 |  |  | 39,473 |
Net income per common share - Basic | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |
Net income per common share - Diluted | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |

The computation of the dilutive effect of other potential common shares excludes stock awards representing 0.2 million shares and no shares of common stock, respectively, in the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and 0.2 million shares and 0.1 million shares of common stock, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. Under the treasury stock method, the inclusion of these stock awards would have been antidilutive.
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5. | Acquisitions

On March 31, 2016, our wholly owned subsidiary, Boise Cascade Wood Products, L.L.C., completed the acquisition of Georgia-Pacific LLC's and certain of its affiliates' (collectively, "GP") EWP facilities located in Thorsby, Alabama, and Roxboro, North Carolina, for an aggregate purchase price of $215.9 million, including a post-closing adjustment of $0.3 million based upon a working capital target (the Acquisition). We funded the Acquisition and related costs with cash on hand, a new $75.0 million term loan, and a $55.0 million draw under our revolving credit facility. For additional information on the new term loan and draw under our revolving credit facility, see Note 7, Debt. Acquisition-related costs of $3.6 million are recorded in "General and administrative expenses" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
These facilities complement our existing EWP business and position us to support customers as the U.S. housing recovery continues in the years ahead. The additional EWP capacity will also help us cost effectively deliver products to our customers in the eastern and southeastern United States. Sales, including sales to our Building Materials Distribution segment, and income from operations (excluding sales and marketing costs) from these facilities of $49.0 million and $0.3 million, respectively, were reported as part of the Wood Products segment for the period of April 1, 2016 through September 30, 2016.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price and related costs over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets of businesses acquired. The primary qualitative factor that contributed to the recognition of goodwill relates to additional capacity and an assembled workforce in key product lines to serve future and existing customers. The facilities are geographically located in a high growth housing area that allows us to optimize our mill system and realize freight and other cost synergies. All of the goodwill was assigned to the Wood Products segment and is deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.
The following table summarizes the final allocations of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on our estimates of the fair value at the date of the Acquisition:

|  | Acquisition Date Fair Value
|  | (thousands)
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 10,467 |
Inventories |  | 17,837 |
Property and equipment |  | 149,135 |
Other assets |  | 619 |
Intangible assets: |  |
Customer relationships |  | 6,000 |
Goodwill |  | 33,610 |
Assets acquired |  | 217,668 |
Accrued liabilities |  | 1,768 |
Liabilities assumed |  | 1,768 |
Net assets acquired |  | $ | 215,900 |

Pro Forma Financial Information
The following pro forma financial information gives effect to the Acquisition as if it had occurred on January 1, 2015. The pro forma financial information also gives effect to the issuance of a $75.0 million term loan due March 30, 2026 and a $55.0 million draw under our revolving credit facility incurred to partially finance the Acquisition, as if such transactions had occurred on January 1, 2015. The pro forma results are intended for informational purposes only and do not purport to represent what our results of operations would actually have been had the Acquisition and related financing transactions occurred on January 1, 2015. They also do not reflect any revenue enhancements or cost savings, operating synergies, customer attrition, or incremental depreciation upon the restart of laminated veneer lumber assets at Roxboro.
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|  | Pro Forma
|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
|  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
|  | (unaudited, thousands, except per-share data)
Sales |  | $ | 1,018,421 |  |  | $ | 3,018,876 |  |  | $ | 2,825,278 |
Net income (a) |  | $ | 22,483 |  |  | $ | 37,305 |  |  | $ | 50,382 |
Net income per common share - Basic |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | 1.28 |
Net income per common share - Diluted |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | 1.28 |

___________________________________

(a) | The pro forma financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, was adjusted to exclude $3.6 million of pre-tax acquisition-related costs for legal, accounting, and other advisory-related services.

6. | Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price and related costs over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets of businesses acquired.
The carrying amount of our goodwill by segment is as follows:

|  | Building Materials Distribution |  | Wood Products |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
|  | (thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 5,593 |  |  | $ | 16,230 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,823 |
Additions |  | — |  |  | 33,610 |  | (a) | — |  |  | 33,610 |
Balance at September 30, 2016 |  | $ | 5,593 |  |  | $ | 49,840 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55,433 |

___________________________________

(a) | Represents the acquisition of GP's two EWP facilities. For additional information, see Note 5, Acquisitions.

At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, intangible assets represent the values assigned to trade names and trademarks and customer relationships. The trade names and trademarks have indefinite lives and are not amortized. The weighted-average useful life for customer relationships from the date of purchase is approximately 11 years. Amortization expense is expected to be approximately $0.7 million per year for the next five years.
Intangible assets consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, 2016
|  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
|  | (thousands)
Trade names and trademarks |  | $ | 8,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,900 |
Customer relationships |  | 7,400 |  |  | (580 | ) |  | 6,820 |
|  | $ | 16,300 |  |  | $ | (580 | ) |  | $ | 15,720 |

|  | December 31, 2015
|  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
|  | (thousands)
Trade names and trademarks |  | $ | 8,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,900 |
Customer relationships |  | 1,400 |  |  | (210 | ) |  | 1,190 |
|  | $ | 10,300 |  |  | $ | (210 | ) |  | $ | 10,090 |

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7. | Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following:

| September 30, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
| (thousands)
Asset-based revolving credit facility | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Asset-based credit facility term loan | 50,000 |  |  | 50,000 |
Term loan | 75,000 |  |  | — |
6.375% senior notes due 2020 | 115,493 |  |  | 299,990 |
Unamortized premium on 6.375% senior notes | 393 |  |  | 1,215 |
5.625% senior notes due 2024 | 350,000 |  |  | — |
Deferred financing costs | (9,312 | ) |  | (6,616 | )
Total debt | 581,574 |  |  | 344,589 |
Less current portion of long-term debt, including premium and deferred financing costs | (114,342 | ) |  | — |
Total long-term debt | $ | 467,232 |  |  | $ | 344,589 |

Asset-Based Credit Facility
On May 15, 2015, Boise Cascade and its principal operating subsidiaries, Boise Cascade Wood Products, L.L.C., and Boise Cascade Building Materials Distribution, L.L.C., as borrowers, and Boise Cascade Wood Products Holdings Corp., Chester Wood Products LLC, and Moncure Plywood LLC, as guarantors, entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (Amended Agreement) with Wells Fargo Capital Finance, LLC, as administrative agent, and the banks named therein as lenders. The Amended Agreement includes a $350 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (Revolving Credit Facility) maturing on April 30, 2020 and a $50.0 million term loan (ABL Term Loan) maturing on May 1, 2022. Interest on borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and ABL Term Loan are payable monthly. Borrowings under the Amended Agreement are constrained by a borrowing base formula dependent upon levels of eligible receivables and inventory reduced by outstanding borrowings and letters of credit (Availability). On February 11, 2016, we entered into the second amendment to the Amended Agreement so that the LIBOR rate for the ABL Term Loan is determined and adjusted on a monthly basis rather than a daily basis. On June 30, 2016, we entered into a joinder and revolver increase agreement that increased the aggregate revolving commitments from $350 million to $370 million. Also on June 30, 2016, we entered into the third amendment to the Amended Agreement to make certain modifications to the definition of eligible accounts in the Amended Agreement to increase the concentration limit related to certain accounts owed to the borrowers for purposes of determining borrowing base.
The Amended Agreement is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of our assets, except for property and equipment. The proceeds of borrowings under the agreement are available for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
The Amended Agreement contains customary nonfinancial covenants, including a negative pledge covenant and restrictions on new indebtedness, investments, distributions to equity holders, asset sales, and affiliate transactions, the scope of which are dependent on the Availability existing from time to time. The Amended Agreement also contains a requirement that we meet a 1:1 fixed-charge coverage ratio (FCCR), applicable only if Availability falls below 10% of the aggregate revolving lending commitments (or $37 million). Availability exceeded the minimum threshold amounts required for testing of the FCCR at all times since entering into the Amended Agreement, and Availability at September 30, 2016, was $354.8 million.
The Amended Agreement generally permits dividends only if certain conditions are met, including complying with either (i) pro forma Excess Availability (as defined in the Amended Agreement) equal to or exceeding 25% of the aggregate Revolver Commitments (as defined in the Amended Agreement) or (ii) (x) pro forma Excess Availability equal to or exceeding 15% of the aggregate Revolver Commitment and (y) a fixed-charge coverage ratio of 1:1 on a pro forma basis.
Revolving Credit Facility
Interest rates under the Revolving Credit Facility are based, at our election, on either LIBOR or a base rate, as defined in the Amended Agreement, plus a spread over the index elected that ranges from 1.25% to 1.75% for loans based on LIBOR
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and from 0.25% to 0.75% for loans based on the base rate. The spread is determined on the basis of a pricing grid that results in a higher spread as average quarterly Availability declines. Letters of credit are subject to a fronting fee payable to the issuing bank and a fee payable to the lenders equal to the LIBOR margin rate. In addition, we are required to pay an unused commitment fee at a rate ranging from 0.25% to 0.375% per annum (based on facility utilization) of the average unused portion of the lending commitments.
At both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility and $5.9 million and $5.6 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding. These letters of credit and borrowings, if any, reduce Availability under the Revolving Credit Facility by an equivalent amount. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the minimum and maximum borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility were zero and $101.5 million, respectively, and the average interest rate on borrowings was approximately 1.71%.
ABL Term Loan
The ABL Term Loan was provided by institutions within the Farm Credit system. Borrowings under the ABL Term Loan may be repaid from time to time at the discretion of the borrowers without premium or penalty. However, any principal amount of ABL Term Loan repaid may not be subsequently re-borrowed.
Interest rates under the ABL Term Loan are based, at our election, on either LIBOR or a base rate, as defined in the Amended Agreement, plus a spread over the index elected that ranges from 1.75% to 2.25% for LIBOR rate loans and from 0.75% to 1.25% for base rate loans, both dependent on the amount of Average Excess Availability (as defined in the Amended Agreement). During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the average interest rate on the ABL Term Loan was approximately 2.20%.
We have received and expect to continue receiving patronage credits under the ABL Term Loan. Patronage credits are recorded as a reduction to interest expense in the year earned. After giving effect to expected patronage distributions, the effective average net interest rate on the ABL Term Loan was approximately 1.5%.
Term Loan
On March 30, 2016 (Closing Date), Boise Cascade and its principal operating subsidiaries, Boise Cascade Wood Products, L.L.C., and Boise Cascade Building Materials Distribution, L.L.C., as borrowers, and the guarantors party thereto, entered into a term loan agreement (Term Loan Agreement) with American AgCredit, PCA, as administrative agent and sole lead arranger, and the banks named therein as lenders. The Term Loan Agreement was for a $75.0 million secured term loan (Term Loan). The outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan amortizes and is payable in equal installments of $10 million per year on each of the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth anniversaries of the Closing Date. The remaining principal balance is due and payable on March 30, 2026. The Term Loan may be repaid from time to time at the discretion of the borrowers without premium or penalty. However, any principal amount of the Term Loan repaid may not be subsequently re-borrowed. Interest on our Term Loan is payable monthly.
Pursuant to the Term Loan Agreement, the borrowers are required to maintain, as of the end of any fiscal quarter, a Capitalization Ratio lower than 60%, a Consolidated Net Worth greater than $350 million, and Available Liquidity greater than $100 million (each as defined in the Term Loan Agreement). In addition, under the Term Loan Agreement, and subject to certain exceptions, the borrowers may not, among other things, (i) incur indebtedness, (ii) incur liens, (iii) make junior payments, (iv) make certain investments, and (v) under certain circumstances, make capital expenditures in excess of $50 million during four consecutive quarters. The Term Loan Agreement also includes customary representations of the borrowers and provides for certain events of default customary for similar facilities.
Interest rates under the Term Loan Agreement are based, at our election, on either the LIBOR or a base rate, as defined in the Term Loan Agreement, plus a spread over the index. The applicable spread for the Term Loan ranges from 1.875% to 2.125% for LIBOR rate loans, and 0.875% to 1.125% for base rate loans, both dependent on our Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Term Loan Agreement). The Term Loan was issued by three institutions within the Farm Credit system and will be eligible for patronage credits. During the period for which the Term Loan was outstanding, the average interest rate on the Term Loan was approximately 2.34%.
We expect to receive patronage credits under the Term Loan. Patronage credits are distributions of profits from banks in the Farm Credit system, which are cooperatives that are required to distribute profits to their members. Patronage distributions, which are generally made in cash, are received in the year after they are earned. Patronage credits are recorded as
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a reduction to interest expense in the year earned. After giving effect to expected patronage distributions, the effective average net interest rate on the Term Loan was approximately 1.6%.
Proceeds from the Term Loan were used to partially finance the purchase of Georgia-Pacific LLC’s engineered wood products facilities in Thorsby, Alabama and Roxboro, North Carolina (Acquired Facilities). The Term Loan is secured by a first priority mortgage on the Acquired Facilities and a first priority security interest on the equipment and certain tangible personal property located therein. For additional information on the Acquired Facilities, see Note 5, Acquisitions.
2020 Notes
On October 22, 2012, Boise Cascade and its wholly owned subsidiary, Boise Cascade Finance Corporation (Boise Finance and together with Boise Cascade, the Co-issuers), issued $250 million of 6.375% senior notes due November 1, 2020 (2020 Notes) through a private placement that was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act). Interest on our 2020 Notes is payable semiannually in arrears on May 1 and November 1. On March 28, 2013, Boise Finance was merged with and into Boise Cascade, with Boise Cascade as the surviving entity and sole issuer of the 2020 Notes. The 2020 Notes are guaranteed by each of our existing and future direct or indirect domestic subsidiaries that is a guarantor or co-borrower under our Amended Agreement.
On August 15, 2013, we issued an additional $50 million in aggregate principal amount of 2020 Notes in a private placement that was exempt from registration under the Securities Act. The additional $50 million of 2020 Notes were priced at 103.5% of their principal amount plus accrued interest from May 1, 2013, and were issued as additional 2020 Notes under the related indenture dated as of October 22, 2012.
On May 8, 2013 and November 26, 2013, we completed offers to exchange any and all of our $250 million and $50 million, respectively, outstanding 2020 Notes for a like principal amount of new 6.375% Senior Notes due 2020 having substantially identical terms to those of the 2020 Notes. $250 million and $49,990,000 in aggregate principal amount (or 100% and 99.98%, respectively) of the outstanding 2020 Notes were tendered and accepted for exchange upon closing of the related exchange offers and have been registered under the Securities Act.
In connection with the issuance of the $350 million of 5.625% senior notes due September 1, 2024 (2024 Notes) described below, we commenced a tender offer to purchase any and all of our $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2020 Notes then outstanding. On August 29, 2016, we accepted for purchase an aggregate principal amount of $184.5 million of the 2020 Notes that were tendered. In connection with these transactions, we recognized a pre-tax loss on the extinguishment of debt of $9.5 million during the third quarter of 2016. The loss includes a $7.6 million tender premium paid and $1.9 million for the net write-off of a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs and unamortized premium related to the 2020 Notes.
On August 29, 2016, we irrevocably instructed the trustee for the 2020 notes to issue a redemption notice to holders of the remaining $115.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes outstanding and irrevocably deposited $122.9 million of cash received upon the issuance of the 2024 Notes, representing the remaining principal amount, call premium, and all interest payable through November 1, 2016 (Redemption Date), with the trustee for the 2020 Notes. Upon our irrevocable redemption instructions and deposit, our obligations under the indenture pursuant to which the 2020 Notes were issued were satisfied and discharged, the indenture generally ceased to be of further effect, and we have no further obligations to the 2020 Notes holders. The 2020 Notes have been classified within "Current portion of long-term debt" and the cash on deposit has been recorded as "Restricted cash deposits with trustee," each on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2016.
On the Redemption Date, the trustee for the 2020 Notes will remit payment to holders of the 2020 Notes. Accordingly, we will recognize an additional pre-tax loss on the extinguishment of debt of $4.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 which includes a $3.7 million redemption premium and $1.1 million for the net write-off of the remaining unamortized deferred financing costs and unamortized premium to the 2020 Notes.
2024 Notes
On August 29, 2016, Boise Cascade issued the 2024 Notes through a private placement that was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The 2024 Notes mature on September 1, 2024 with interest payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1, commencing on March 1, 2017. The 2024 Notes are guaranteed by each of our existing and future direct or indirect domestic subsidiaries that is a guarantor under our Amended Agreement.
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Following the sale of our 2024 Notes, as noted above, we used the net proceeds of the sale to repurchase or redeem any and all of the 2020 Notes, to pay fees and expenses related to the offering of the 2024 Notes and incurred in connection with the repurchase or redemption of the 2020 Notes, and for general corporate purposes.
The 2024 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with all of the existing and future senior indebtedness of Boise Cascade Company and of the guarantors, senior to all of their existing and future subordinated indebtedness, effectively subordinated to all of their present and future senior secured indebtedness (including all borrowings with respect to our Amended Agreement to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness), and structurally subordinated to the indebtedness of any subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2024 Notes.
The terms of the indenture governing the 2024 Notes, among other things, limit the ability of Boise Cascade and our restricted subsidiaries to: incur additional debt; declare or pay dividends; redeem stock or make other distributions to stockholders; make investments; create liens on assets; consolidate, merge or transfer substantially all of their assets; enter into transactions with affiliates; and sell or transfer certain assets.
The indenture governing the 2024 Notes provides for customary events of default and remedies.
Interest Rate Swaps
For information on interest rate swaps, see Interest Rate Risk and Interest Rate Swaps of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Cash Paid for Interest
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, cash payments for interest were $16.2 million and $10.6 million, respectively.
8. Retirement and Benefit Plans
The following table presents the pension benefit costs:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands)
Service cost | $ | 279 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 846 |  |  | $ | 726 |
Interest cost | 4,805 |  |  | 4,808 |  |  | 14,376 |  |  | 14,259 |
Expected return on plan assets | (5,131 | ) |  | (5,844 | ) |  | (15,310 | ) |  | (16,539 | )
Amortization of actuarial loss | 584 |  |  | 987 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | 3,897 |
Plan settlement loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |  |  | 501 |
Net periodic benefit expense | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | 1,749 |  |  | $ | 2,844 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we contributed $3.3 million in cash to the pension plans. For the remainder of 2016, we expect to make approximately $0.5 million in additional cash contributions to the pension plans.
During the third quarter 2016, we offered a program whereby certain terminated vested participants and active employees of the Boise Cascade Company Pension Plan could elect to take a one-time voluntary lump-sum payment equal to the present value of future benefits. Active employees are required to retire on or before November 1, 2016 to receive their lump-sum benefits. This program closed on September 30, 2016 with participants electing lump-sum payments totaling approximately $21 million. Plan participants who elected to participate in the program will receive their lump-sum benefits on November 1, 2016. Settlement expense will be recorded in fourth quarter 2016.
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9. | Stock-Based Compensation

In February 2016 and 2015, we granted two types of stock-based awards under the 2013 Incentive Plan: performance stock units (PSUs) and restricted stock units (RSUs).
PSU and RSU Awards
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we granted 418,344 PSUs to our officers and other employees, subject to performance and service conditions. For the officers, the number of shares actually awarded will range from 0% and 200% of the target amount, depending upon Boise Cascade's 2016 return on invested capital (ROIC), determined in accordance with the related grant agreement. For the other employees, the number of shares actually awarded will range from 0% to 200% of the target amount, depending upon Boise Cascade’s 2016 EBITDA, defined as income before interest (interest expense, interest income, change in fair value of interest rate swaps, and loss on extinguishment of debt), income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, determined in accordance with the related grant agreement. Because the ROIC and EBITDA components contain a performance condition, we record compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period based on the most probable number of shares expected to vest.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we granted 116,636 PSUs to our officers and other employees, subject to performance and service conditions. During the 2015 performance period, participants earned 63% of the target based on Boise Cascade’s 2015 EBITDA, determined by our Compensation Committee in accordance with the related grant agreement.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we granted an aggregate of 334,587 and 139,846 RSUs, respectively, to our officers, other employees, and nonemployee directors with only service conditions.
The PSUs granted to officers, if earned, generally vest over one to three year periods from the date of grant, while the PSUs granted to other employees vest in three equal tranches each year after the grant date. All PSU grants are subject to final determination of meeting the performance condition by the Compensation Committee of our board of directors. The RSUs granted to officers and other employees vest in three equal tranches each year after the grant date. The RSUs granted to nonemployee directors vest over a one-year period, provided that such vested shares will not be delivered to the directors until six months following termination from the board of directors.
We based the fair value of PSU and RSU awards on the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date, and we record compensation expense over the awards' vesting period. Any shares not vested are forfeited. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the total fair value of PSUs and RSUs vested was $1.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively.
The following summarizes the activity of our PSUs and RSUs awarded under the 2013 Incentive Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:

| PSUs |  | RSUs
| Number of shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |  | Number of shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2015 | 134,786 |  |  | $ | 35.09 |  |  | 153,343 |  |  | $ | 35.41 |
Granted | 418,344 |  |  | 16.56 |  |  | 334,587 |  |  | 16.70 |
Vested | (32,057 | ) |  | 36.12 |  |  | (71,956 | ) |  | 36.14 |
Forfeited (a) | (44,029 | ) |  | 35.04 |  |  | (3,481 | ) |  | 22.01 |
Outstanding, September 30, 2016 | 477,044 |  |  | $ | 18.78 |  |  | 412,493 |  |  | $ | 20.22 |

__________________

(a) | Total PSUs forfeited during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 includes 40,726 shares related to the performance condition adjustment, as participants earned 63% of the target based on Boise Cascade’s 2015 EBITDA.

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Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense is recognized only for those awards that are expected to vest, with forfeitures estimated at the date of grant based on our historical experience and future expectations. We recognize the effect of adjusting the estimated forfeiture rates in the period in which we change such estimated rates. We recognize stock awards with only service conditions on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Most of our share-based compensation expense was recorded in "General and administrative expenses" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Total stock-based compensation recognized from PSUs, RSUs, and stock options net of estimated forfeitures, was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands)
PSUs | $ | 1,081 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 2,955 |  |  | $ | 1,719 |
RSUs | 1,033 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 2,944 |  |  | 2,203 |
Stock options | — |  |  | 127 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 408 |
Total | $ | 2,114 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |  |  | $ | 5,980 |  |  | $ | 4,330 |

The related tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, was $2.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2016, total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements was $10.6 million, net of estimated forfeitures. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.
10. Stockholders' Equity
Stock Repurchase
On February 25, 2015, our Board of Directors (Board) authorized a two million share repurchase program (Program) pursuant to which we may, from time to time, purchase shares of our common stock through various means including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, or accelerated share repurchase transactions. We are not obligated to purchase any shares and there is no set date that the Program will expire. The Board may increase or decrease the number of shares under the Program or terminate the Program in its discretion at any time. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we repurchased 180,100 shares under the Program at a cost of $2.6 million, or an average of $14.62 per share. During 2015, we repurchased 722,911 shares under the Program at a cost of $23.7 million, or $32.80 per share. The shares were purchased with cash on hand and are recorded as "Treasury stock" on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of September 30, 2016, there were 1,096,989 shares of common stock that may yet be purchased under the Program.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table details the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands)
Beginning Balance, net of taxes | $ | (92,244 | ) |  | $ | (87,473 | ) |  | $ | (93,015 | ) |  | $ | (101,498 | )
Net actuarial gain, before taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,345 |
Amortization of actuarial loss, before taxes (a) | 584 |  |  | 987 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | 3,897 |
Effect of settlements, before taxes (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |  |  | 501 |
Income taxes | (225 | ) |  | (379 | ) |  | (707 | ) |  | (9,110 | )
Ending Balance, net of taxes | $ | (91,885 | ) |  | $ | (86,865 | ) |  | $ | (91,885 | ) |  | $ | (86,865 | )

___________________________________
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(a) | Represents amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss. These amounts are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. For additional information, see Note 8, Retirement and Benefit Plans.

11. | Transactions With Related Party

Louisiana Timber Procurement Company, L.L.C. (LTP) is an unconsolidated variable-interest entity that is 50% owned by us and 50% owned by Packaging Corporation of America (PCA). LTP procures sawtimber, pulpwood, residual chips, and other residual wood fiber to meet the wood and fiber requirements of us and PCA in Louisiana. We are not the primary beneficiary of LTP as we do not have power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of LTP. Accordingly, we do not consolidate LTP's results in our financial statements.
Sales
Related-party sales to LTP from our Wood Products segment in our Consolidated Statements of Operations were $4.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and $13.3 million and $16.3 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. These sales are recorded in "Sales" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Costs and Expenses
Related-party wood fiber purchases from LTP were $21.2 million and $25.2 million, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and $64.7 million and $70.3 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. These costs are recorded in "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

12. | Segment Information

We operate our business using three reportable segments: Wood Products, Building Materials Distribution, and Corporate and Other. There are no differences in our basis of measurement of segment profit or loss from those disclosed in Note 15, Segment Information, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2015 Form 10-K.
An analysis of our operations by segment is as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Loss) |  |  |  |
|  | Sales |  | Before |  | Depreciation |  |
|  |  |  | Inter- |  |  |  | Income |  | and |  | EBITDA
|  | Trade |  | segment |  | Total |  | Taxes |  | Amortization |  | (a)
|  | (millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wood Products |  | $ | 178.1 |  |  | $ | 162.8 |  |  | $ | 340.9 |  |  | $ | 11.6 |  |  | $ | 15.6 |  |  | $ | 27.2 |
Building Materials Distribution |  | 889.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 889.0 |  |  | 26.4 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 29.9 |
Corporate and Other |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (6.7 | ) |  | 0.3 |  |  | (6.4 | )
Intersegment eliminations |  | — |  |  | (162.8 | ) |  | (162.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 1,067.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,067.2 |  |  | 31.3 |  |  | $ | 19.5 |  |  | $ | 50.7 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7.1 | ) |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  |  |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9.5 | ) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 15.5 |  |  |  |  |  |

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Loss) |  |  |  |
|  | Sales |  | Before |  | Depreciation |  |
|  |  |  | Inter- |  |  |  | Income |  | and |  | EBITDA
|  | Trade |  | segment |  | Total |  | Taxes |  | Amortization |  | (a)
|  | (millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wood Products |  | $ | 192.6 |  |  | $ | 148.0 |  |  | $ | 340.6 |  |  | $ | 21.9 |  |  | $ | 11.0 |  |  | $ | 32.9 |
Building Materials Distribution |  | 799.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 799.0 |  |  | 22.7 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 25.8 |
Corporate and Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.3 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | (4.2 | )
Intersegment eliminations |  | — |  |  | (148.0 | ) |  | (148.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 991.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 991.6 |  |  | 40.3 |  |  | $ | 14.2 |  |  | $ | 54.5 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5.7 | ) |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34.6 |  |  |  |  |  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Loss) |  |  |  |
|  | Sales |  | Before |  | Depreciation |  |
|  |  |  | Inter- |  |  |  | Income |  | and |  | EBITDA
|  | Trade |  | segment |  | Total |  | Taxes |  | Amortization |  | (a)
|  | (millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wood Products |  | $ | 535.0 |  |  | $ | 455.7 |  |  | $ | 990.7 |  |  | $ | 33.8 |  |  | $ | 42.0 |  |  | $ | 75.8 |
Building Materials Distribution |  | 2,456.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,456.3 |  |  | 68.9 |  |  | 10.1 |  |  | 79.0 |
Corporate and Other |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (19.9 | ) |  | 1.1 |  |  | (18.8 | )
Intersegment eliminations |  | — |  |  | (455.7 | ) |  | (455.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 2,991.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,991.7 |  |  | 82.8 |  |  | $ | 53.2 |  |  | $ | 136.0 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19.4 | ) |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.8 | ) |  |  |  |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9.5 | ) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 53.3 |  |  |  |  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (Loss) |  |  |  |
|  | Sales |  | Before |  | Depreciation |  |
|  |  |  | Inter- |  |  |  | Income |  | and |  | EBITDA
|  | Trade |  | segment |  | Total |  | Taxes |  | Amortization |  | (a)
|  | (millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wood Products |  | $ | 573.1 |  |  | $ | 416.7 |  |  | $ | 989.8 |  |  | $ | 66.5 |  |  | $ | 32.2 |  |  | $ | 98.7 |
Building Materials Distribution |  | 2,183.8 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 2,184.0 |  |  | 45.6 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | 54.3 |
Corporate and Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16.8 | ) |  | 0.2 |  |  | (16.6 | )
Intersegment eliminations |  | — |  |  | (416.9 | ) |  | (416.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 2,756.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,756.9 |  |  | 95.3 |  |  | $ | 41.1 |  |  | $ | 136.4 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16.8 | ) |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 78.7 |  |  |  |  |

__________________

(a) | EBITDA is defined as income (loss) before interest (interest expense, interest income, change in fair value of interest rate swaps, and loss on extinguishment of debt), income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is the primary measure used by our

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chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment operating performance and to decide how to allocate resources to segments. We believe EBITDA is useful to investors because it provides a means to evaluate the operating performance of our segments and our company on an ongoing basis using criteria that are used by our internal decision makers and because it is frequently used by investors and other interested parties when comparing companies in our industry that have different financing and capital structures and/or tax rates. We believe EBITDA is a meaningful measure because it presents a transparent view of our recurring operating performance and allows management to readily view operating trends, perform analytical comparisons, and identify strategies to improve operating performance. EBITDA, however, is not a measure of our liquidity or financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), income (loss) from operations, or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. The use of EBITDA instead of net income (loss) or segment income (loss) has limitations as an analytical tool, including the inability to determine profitability; the exclusion of interest expense, interest income, and associated significant cash requirements; and the exclusion of depreciation and amortization, which represent unavoidable operating costs. Management compensates for the limitations of EBITDA by relying on our GAAP results. Our measure of EBITDA is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to potential inconsistencies in the methods of calculation.
The following is a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA for the consolidated company:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (millions)
Net income | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 22.0 |  |  | $ | 34.2 |  |  | $ | 49.9 |
Interest expense | 7.1 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 19.4 |  |  | 16.8 |
Interest income | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.2 | )
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps | (0.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |
Loss on extinguishment of debt | 9.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | — |
Income tax provision | 5.5 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 19.2 |  |  | 28.8 |
Depreciation and amortization | 19.5 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 53.2 |  |  | 41.1 |
EBITDA | $ | 50.7 |  |  | $ | 54.5 |  |  | $ | 136.0 |  |  | $ | 136.4 |

13. Commitments, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, and Guarantees
Commitments
We are a party to a number of long-term log and wood fiber supply agreements that are discussed in Note 16, Commitments, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, and Guarantees, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2015 Form 10-K. In addition, we have purchase obligations for goods and services, capital expenditures, and raw materials entered into in the normal course of business. As of September 30, 2016, there have been no material changes to the above commitments disclosed in the 2015 Form 10-K.
Legal Proceedings and Contingencies
We are a party to routine legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings or environmental claims that we believe would, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Guarantees
We provide guarantees, indemnifications, and assurances to others. Note 16, Commitments, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, and Guarantees, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2015 Form 10-K describes the nature of our guarantees, including the approximate terms of the guarantees, how the guarantees arose, the events or circumstances that would require us to perform under the guarantees, and the maximum potential undiscounted amounts of future payments we could be required to make. As of September 30, 2016, there have been no material changes to the guarantees disclosed in the 2015 Form 10-K, except for debt transactions disclosed in Note 7, Debt.
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14. | Consolidating Guarantor and Nonguarantor Financial Information

The following consolidating financial information presents the Statements of Comprehensive Income, Balance Sheets, and Statements of Cash Flows related to Boise Cascade and the guarantor and nonguarantor subsidiaries of the 2020 Notes. On August 29, 2016, we irrevocably instructed the trustee for the 2020 Notes to issue a redemption notice to holders of outstanding 2020 Notes and irrevocably deposited funds sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness due on the 2020 Notes on the Redemption Date. As a result, the indenture governing the 2020 Notes was satisfied and discharged in accordance with its terms.
The 2020 Notes were guaranteed fully and unconditionally and jointly and severally by each of our existing and future subsidiaries (other than our foreign subsidiaries). Each of our existing subsidiaries that was a guarantor of the 2020 Notes is 100% owned by Boise Cascade. Other than the consolidated financial statements and footnotes for Boise Cascade and the consolidating financial information, financial statements and other disclosures concerning the guarantors have not been presented because management believes that such information is not material to investors.
Furthermore, the cancellation provisions in the related indenture regarding guarantor subsidiaries were customary, and did not include an arrangement that permitted a guarantor subsidiary to opt out of the obligation prior to or during the term of the debt. Under the indenture, each guarantor subsidiary was to be automatically released from its obligations as a guarantor upon the sale of the subsidiary or substantially all of its assets to a third party, the designation of the subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary for purposes of the covenants included in the indenture, the release of the indebtedness under the indenture, or upon the issuer's exercise of its legal defeasance option or the discharge of its obligations in accordance with the indenture governing the 2020 Notes. In connection with the issuance of the irrevocable notice of redemption of the 2020 Notes and the irrevocable deposit of funds to satisfy and discharge the indenture, the guarantees of the guarantors under the 2020 Notes were automatically released.
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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
(unaudited)

|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 1,062,962 |  |  | $ | 4,178 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,067,214 |
Intercompany |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,588 |  |  | (5,588 | ) |  | — |
|  | 74 |  |  | 1,062,962 |  |  | 9,766 |  |  | (5,588 | ) |  | 1,067,214 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) |  | 291 |  |  | 918,400 |  |  | 9,018 |  |  | (5,608 | ) |  | 922,101 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 321 |  |  | 18,862 |  |  | 276 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,459 |
Selling and distribution expenses |  | 194 |  |  | 79,536 |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,026 |
General and administrative expenses |  | 5,918 |  |  | 8,429 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 14,367 |
Other (income) expense, net |  | 8 |  |  | (231 | ) |  | 177 |  |  | — |  |  | (46 | )
|  | 6,732 |  |  | 1,024,996 |  |  | 9,767 |  |  | (5,588 | ) |  | 1,035,907 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | (6,658 | ) |  | 37,966 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 31,307 |
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) |  | (29 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | (40 | )
Interest expense |  | (7,099 | ) |  | (36 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,135 | )
Interest income |  | 19 |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps |  | 836 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 836 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | (9,525 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,525 | )
|  | (15,798 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | (15,804 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates |  | (22,456 | ) |  | 37,956 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,503 |
Income tax (provision) benefit |  | (5,551 | ) |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,522 | )
Income (loss) before equity in net income of affiliates |  | (28,007 | ) |  | 37,985 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,981 |
Equity in net income of affiliates |  | 37,988 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (37,988 | ) |  | — |
Net income |  | 9,981 |  |  | 37,985 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (37,988 | ) |  | 9,981 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  | 359 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 359 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | 359 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 359 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 10,340 |  |  | $ | 37,985 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (37,988 | ) |  | $ | 10,340 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
(unaudited)

|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 988,725 |  |  | $ | 2,855 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 991,580 |
Intercompany |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,306 |  |  | (5,306 | ) |  | — |
|  | — |  |  | 988,725 |  |  | 8,161 |  |  | (5,306 | ) |  | 991,580 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) |  | (37 | ) |  | 852,733 |  |  | 7,052 |  |  | (5,614 | ) |  | 854,134 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 79 |  |  | 13,899 |  |  | 271 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,249 |
Selling and distribution expenses |  | 20 |  |  | 72,197 |  |  | 451 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,668 |
General and administrative expenses |  | 4,159 |  |  | 6,878 |  |  | — |  |  | 308 |  |  | 11,345 |
Other (income) expense, net |  | (136 | ) |  | (1,068 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,256 | )
|  | 4,085 |  |  | 944,639 |  |  | 7,722 |  |  | (5,306 | ) |  | 951,140 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | (4,085 | ) |  | 44,086 |  |  | 439 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,440 |
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) |  | (169 | ) |  | 126 |  |  | (105 | ) |  | — |  |  | (148 | )
Interest expense |  | (5,690 | ) |  | (39 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,729 | )
Interest income |  | 36 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 73 |
|  | (5,823 | ) |  | 124 |  |  | (105 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,804 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates |  | (9,908 | ) |  | 44,210 |  |  | 334 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,636 |
Income tax (provision) benefit |  | (12,650 | ) |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,629 | )
Income (loss) before equity in net income of affiliates |  | (22,558 | ) |  | 44,231 |  |  | 334 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,007 |
Equity in net income of affiliates |  | 44,565 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,565 | ) |  | — |
Net income |  | 22,007 |  |  | 44,231 |  |  | 334 |  |  | (44,565 | ) |  | 22,007 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  | 608 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 608 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | 608 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 608 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 22,615 |  |  | $ | 44,231 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | (44,565 | ) |  | $ | 22,615 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
(unaudited)

|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 2,979,173 |  |  | $ | 12,146 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,991,682 |
Intercompany |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,827 |  |  | (16,827 | ) |  | — |
|  | 363 |  |  | 2,979,173 |  |  | 28,973 |  |  | (16,827 | ) |  | 2,991,682 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses, (excluding depreciation) |  | 791 |  |  | 2,576,522 |  |  | 26,426 |  |  | (17,379 | ) |  | 2,586,360 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 1,119 |  |  | 51,289 |  |  | 841 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,249 |
Selling and distribution expenses |  | 531 |  |  | 223,289 |  |  | 1,102 |  |  | — |  |  | 224,922 |
General and administrative expenses |  | 17,920 |  |  | 27,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 552 |  |  | 46,031 |
Other (income) expense, net |  | 21 |  |  | (1,823 | ) |  | 343 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,459 | )
|  | 20,382 |  |  | 2,876,836 |  |  | 28,712 |  |  | (16,827 | ) |  | 2,909,103 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | (20,019 | ) |  | 102,337 |  |  | 261 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,579 |
Foreign currency exchange gain |  | 38 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |
Interest expense |  | (19,254 | ) |  | (110 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,364 | )
Interest income |  | 138 |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 236 |
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps |  | (765 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (765 | )
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | (9,525 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,525 | )
|  | (29,368 | ) |  | 72 |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | (29,232 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates |  | (49,387 | ) |  | 102,409 |  |  | 325 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,347 |
Income tax (provision) benefit |  | (19,274 | ) |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,188 | )
Income (loss) before equity in net income of affiliates |  | (68,661 | ) |  | 102,495 |  |  | 325 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,159 |
Equity in net income of affiliates |  | 102,820 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (102,820 | ) |  | — |
Net income |  | 34,159 |  |  | 102,495 |  |  | 325 |  |  | (102,820 | ) |  | 34,159 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  | 947 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 947 |
Effect of settlements |  | 183 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 183 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | 1,130 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,130 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 35,289 |  |  | $ | 102,495 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | (102,820 | ) |  | $ | 35,289 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
(unaudited)

|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,748,180 |  |  | $ | 8,700 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,756,880 |
Intercompany |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,198 |  |  | (15,198 | ) |  | — |
|  | — |  |  | 2,748,180 |  |  | 23,898 |  |  | (15,198 | ) |  | 2,756,880 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses, (excluding depreciation) |  | 1,218 |  |  | 2,377,618 |  |  | 20,751 |  |  | (15,831 | ) |  | 2,383,756 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 201 |  |  | 40,064 |  |  | 852 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,117 |
Selling and distribution expenses |  | 889 |  |  | 200,453 |  |  | 1,460 |  |  | — |  |  | 202,802 |
General and administrative expenses |  | 14,595 |  |  | 20,143 |  |  | — |  |  | 633 |  |  | 35,371 |
Other (income) expense, net |  | (383 | ) |  | (915 | ) |  | (355 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,653 | )
|  | 16,520 |  |  | 2,637,363 |  |  | 22,708 |  |  | (15,198 | ) |  | 2,661,393 |
Income (loss) from operations |  | (16,520 | ) |  | 110,817 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | — |  |  | 95,487 |
Foreign currency exchange gain (loss) |  | (424 | ) |  | 303 |  |  | (93 | ) |  | — |  |  | (214 | )
Interest expense |  | (16,749 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,801 | )
Interest income |  | 75 |  |  | 146 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 221 |
|  | (17,098 | ) |  | 397 |  |  | (93 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16,794 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net income of affiliates |  | (33,618 | ) |  | 111,214 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,693 |
Income tax (provision) benefit |  | (28,917 | ) |  | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28,839 | )
Income (loss) before equity in net income of affiliates |  | (62,535 | ) |  | 111,292 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,854 |
Equity in net income of affiliates |  | 112,389 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (112,389 | ) |  | — |
Net income |  | 49,854 |  |  | 111,292 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | (112,389 | ) |  | 49,854 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial gain |  | 11,923 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,923 |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  | 2,401 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,401 |
Effect of settlements |  | 309 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 309 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | 14,633 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,633 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 64,487 |  |  | $ | 111,292 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | (112,389 | ) |  | $ | 64,487 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries Consolidating Balance Sheets at September 30, 2016 (unaudited)
|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 131,133 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 131,184 |
Restricted cash deposits with trustee |  | 122,856 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 122,856 |
Receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade, less allowances |  | 24 |  |  | 262,391 |  |  | 784 |  |  | — |  |  | 263,199 |
Related parties |  | — |  |  | 439 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 439 |
Other |  | 912 |  |  | 7,460 |  |  | 315 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,687 |
Inventories |  | — |  |  | 445,670 |  |  | 5,386 |  |  | — |  |  | 451,056 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  | 6,941 |  |  | 2,850 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,842 |
Total current assets |  | 261,866 |  |  | 718,818 |  |  | 6,579 |  |  | — |  |  | 987,263 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 4,915 |  |  | 545,941 |  |  | 6,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 557,213 |
Timber deposits |  | — |  |  | 11,545 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,545 |
Goodwill |  | — |  |  | 55,433 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,433 |
Intangible assets, net |  | — |  |  | 15,720 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,720 |
Other assets |  | 754 |  |  | 10,877 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,631 |
Investments in affiliates |  | 1,033,717 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,033,717 | ) |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,301,252 |  |  | $ | 1,358,334 |  |  | $ | 12,936 |  |  | $ | (1,033,717 | ) |  | $ | 1,638,805 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries Consolidating Balance Sheets at September 30, 2016 (continued) (unaudited)
|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | $ | 114,342 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 114,342 |
Accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade |  | 9,149 |  |  | 234,844 |  |  | 1,098 |  |  | — |  |  | 245,091 |
Related parties |  | — |  |  | 2,176 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,176 |
Accrued liabilities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  | 17,791 |  |  | 43,838 |  |  | 378 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,007 |
Interest payable |  | 4,998 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,998 |
Other |  | 2,709 |  |  | 45,384 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,633 |
Total current liabilities |  | 148,989 |  |  | 326,242 |  |  | 3,016 |  |  | — |  |  | 478,247 |
Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt, less current portion |  | 467,232 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 467,232 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  | 93,374 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,374 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 19,183 |  |  | 7,740 |  |  | 555 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,478 |
|  | 112,557 |  |  | 7,740 |  |  | 555 |  |  | — |  |  | 120,852 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock |  | 435 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 435 |
Treasury stock |  | (126,343 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (126,343 | )
Additional paid-in capital |  | 513,212 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 513,212 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (91,885 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (91,885 | )
Retained earnings |  | 277,055 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 277,055 |
Subsidiary equity |  | — |  |  | 1,024,352 |  |  | 9,365 |  |  | (1,033,717 | ) |  | — |
Total stockholders' equity |  | 572,474 |  |  | 1,024,352 |  |  | 9,365 |  |  | (1,033,717 | ) |  | 572,474 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,301,252 |  |  | $ | 1,358,334 |  |  | $ | 12,936 |  |  | $ | (1,033,717 | ) |  | $ | 1,638,805 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries Consolidating Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015
|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 184,434 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 184,496 |
Receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade, less allowances |  | 8 |  |  | 186,488 |  |  | 642 |  |  | — |  |  | 187,138 |
Related parties |  | — |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,065 |
Other |  | 925 |  |  | 9,712 |  |  | 224 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,861 |
Inventories |  | — |  |  | 378,589 |  |  | 6,268 |  |  | — |  |  | 384,857 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  | 15,032 |  |  | 7,620 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (5,500 | ) |  | 17,153 |
Total current assets |  | 200,399 |  |  | 583,485 |  |  | 7,186 |  |  | (5,500 | ) |  | 785,570 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 5,020 |  |  | 391,057 |  |  | 6,589 |  |  | — |  |  | 402,666 |
Timber deposits |  | — |  |  | 15,848 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,848 |
Goodwill |  | — |  |  | 21,823 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,823 |
Intangible assets, net |  | — |  |  | 10,090 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,090 |
Other assets |  | 1,503 |  |  | 11,091 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,609 |
Investments in affiliates |  | 801,934 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (801,934 | ) |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,008,856 |  |  | $ | 1,033,394 |  |  | $ | 13,790 |  |  | $ | (807,434 | ) |  | $ | 1,248,606 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries Consolidating Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015 (continued)
|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade |  | $ | 4,552 |  |  | $ | 153,953 |  |  | $ | 524 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 159,029 |
Related parties |  | — |  |  | 1,442 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,442 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  | 16,034 |  |  | 38,399 |  |  | 279 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,712 |
Interest payable |  | 3,389 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,389 |
Other |  | 1,958 |  |  | 36,617 |  |  | 7,003 |  |  | (5,500 | ) |  | 40,078 |
Total current liabilities |  | 25,933 |  |  | 230,411 |  |  | 7,806 |  |  | (5,500 | ) |  | 258,650 |
Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | 344,589 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 344,589 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  | 93,355 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,355 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 10,309 |  |  | 7,033 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,342 |
|  | 103,664 |  |  | 7,033 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110,697 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock |  | 434 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 434 |
Treasury stock |  | (123,711 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (123,711 | )
Additional paid-in capital |  | 508,066 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 508,066 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (93,015 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93,015 | )
Retained earnings |  | 242,896 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 242,896 |
Subsidiary equity |  | — |  |  | 795,950 |  |  | 5,984 |  |  | (801,934 | ) |  | — |
Total stockholders' equity |  | 534,670 |  |  | 795,950 |  |  | 5,984 |  |  | (801,934 | ) |  | 534,670 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,008,856 |  |  | $ | 1,033,394 |  |  | $ | 13,790 |  |  | $ | (807,434 | ) |  | $ | 1,248,606 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 (unaudited)
|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
Cash provided by (used for) operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 34,159 |  |  | $ | 102,495 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | (102,820 | ) |  | $ | 34,159 |
Items in net income not using (providing) cash |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity in net income of affiliates |  | (102,820 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102,820 |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization, including deferred financing costs and other |  | 2,479 |  |  | 51,289 |  |  | 841 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,609 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 5,980 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,980 |
Pension expense |  | 1,749 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,749 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 7,008 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,008 |
Change of fair value of interest rate swaps |  | 765 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 765 |
Other |  | 25 |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | 9,525 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,525 |
Decrease (increase) in working capital, net of acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables |  | (3 | ) |  | (62,558 | ) |  | (233 | ) |  | — |  |  | (62,794 | )
Inventories |  | — |  |  | (49,244 | ) |  | 882 |  |  | — |  |  | (48,362 | )
Prepaid expenses and other |  | (2,898 | ) |  | 4,770 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (5,500 | ) |  | (3,678 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | 8,091 |  |  | 93,504 |  |  | (4,782 | ) |  | 5,500 |  |  | 102,313 |
Pension contributions |  | (3,338 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,338 | )
Income taxes payable |  | 13,629 |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | 13,623 |
Restricted cash deposits with trustee for interest payments |  | (3,681 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,681 | )
Other |  | 1,558 |  |  | 3,181 |  |  | 570 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,309 |
Net cash provided by (used for) operations |  | (27,772 | ) |  | 143,479 |  |  | (2,453 | ) |  | — |  |  | 113,254 |
Cash provided by (used for) investment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expenditures for property and equipment |  | (991 | ) |  | (53,822 | ) |  | (613 | ) |  | — |  |  | (55,426 | )
Acquisitions of businesses and facilities |  | — |  |  | (215,900 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (215,900 | )
Proceeds from sales of assets and other |  | 30 |  |  | 514 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |
Net cash used for investment |  | (961 | ) |  | (269,208 | ) |  | (611 | ) |  | — |  |  | (270,780 | )
Cash provided by (used for) financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings of long-term debt, including revolving credit facility |  | 835,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 835,000 |
Payments on long-term debt, including revolving credit facility |  | (602,096 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (602,096 | )
Restricted cash deposits with trustee for debt payments |  | (119,175 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (119,175 | )
Treasury stock purchased |  | (2,632 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,632 | )
Financing costs |  | (6,319 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,319 | )
Tax withholding payments on stock-based awards |  | (383 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (383 | )
Other |  | — |  |  | (181 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (181 | )
Due to (from) affiliates |  | (128,963 | ) |  | 125,907 |  |  | 3,056 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing |  | (24,568 | ) |  | 125,726 |  |  | 3,056 |  |  | — |  |  | 104,214 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | (53,301 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (53,312 | )
Balance at beginning of the period |  | 184,434 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 184,496 |
Balance at end of the period |  | $ | 131,133 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 131,184 |

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Boise Cascade Company and Subsidiaries Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 (unaudited)
|  | Boise Cascade Company (Parent) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non- guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
|  | (thousands)
Cash provided by (used for) operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 49,854 |  |  | $ | 111,292 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | (112,389 | ) |  | $ | 49,854 |
Items in net income not using (providing) cash |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity in net income of affiliates |  | (112,389 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 112,389 |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization, including deferred financing costs and other |  | 1,398 |  |  | 40,064 |  |  | 852 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,314 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 4,330 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,330 |
Pension expense |  | 2,844 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,844 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 20,722 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,722 |
Other |  | (587 | ) |  | (1,266 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,853 | )
Decrease (increase) in working capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables |  | (496 | ) |  | (58,777 | ) |  | (108 | ) |  | — |  |  | (59,381 | )
Inventories |  | — |  |  | (8,275 | ) |  | (1,879 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10,154 | )
Prepaid expenses and other |  | (2,081 | ) |  | (184 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,241 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | 2,311 |  |  | 74,184 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | 76,485 |
Pension contributions |  | (53,701 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (53,701 | )
Income taxes payable |  | 13,488 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,489 |
Other |  | (1,635 | ) |  | (3,132 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,782 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) operations |  | (75,942 | ) |  | 153,906 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | — |  |  | 77,926 |
Cash provided by (used for) investment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expenditures for property and equipment |  | (2,176 | ) |  | (54,397 | ) |  | (125 | ) |  | — |  |  | (56,698 | )
Proceeds from sales of assets and other |  | — |  |  | 2,975 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,959 |
Net cash used for investment |  | (2,176 | ) |  | (51,422 | ) |  | (141 | ) |  | — |  |  | (53,739 | )
Cash provided by (used for) financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings of long-term debt |  | 50,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,000 |
Treasury stock purchased |  | (23,711 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,711 | )
Financing costs |  | (702 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (702 | )
Tax withholding payments on stock-based awards |  | (1,160 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,160 | )
Other |  | 698 |  |  | (77 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 621 |
Due to (from) affiliates |  | 102,210 |  |  | (102,387 | ) |  | 177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing |  | 127,335 |  |  | (102,464 | ) |  | 177 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,048 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | 49,217 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | 49,235 |
Balance at beginning of the period |  | 163,512 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 163,549 |
Balance at end of the period |  | $ | 212,729 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 212,784 |

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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Understanding Our Financial Information
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q, as well as our 2015 Form 10-K. The following discussion includes statements regarding our expectations with respect to our future performance, liquidity, and capital resources. Such statements, along with any other nonhistorical statements in the discussion, are forward-looking. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, indicate, or imply future results, performance, or achievements and may contain the words "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "should," "plan," "anticipate," and other similar expressions. All of these forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions made by our management that, although believed by us to be reasonable, are inherently uncertain. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2015 Form 10-K, as well as those factors listed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We do not assume an obligation to update any forward-looking statement. Our future actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any of the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q.
Background
Boise Cascade Company is a building products company headquartered in Boise, Idaho. As used in this Form 10-Q, the terms "Boise Cascade," "we," and "our" refer to Boise Cascade Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. Boise Cascade is a large, vertically-integrated wood products manufacturer and building materials distributor. We have three reportable segments: (i) Wood Products, which manufactures engineered wood products (EWP), plywood, ponderosa pine lumber, studs, and particleboard; (ii) Building Materials Distribution (BMD), which is a wholesale distributor of building materials; and (iii) Corporate and Other, which includes corporate support staff services, related assets and liabilities, pension plan activity, and foreign currency exchange gains and losses. For more information, see Note 12, Segment Information, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
Executive Overview
We recorded income from operations of $31.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with income from operations of $40.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015. In our Wood Products segment, income decreased $10.3 million to $11.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, from $21.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in segment income was due primarily to higher OSB costs used in the manufacture of I-joists, as well as higher per-unit conversion costs resulting from lower plywood and lumber sales volumes. In addition, depreciation and amortization expense increased $4.6 million due primarily to the acquisition of two EWP facilities on March 31, 2016, and other capital expenditures. In our Building Materials Distribution segment, income increased $3.7 million to $26.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, from $22.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, driven primarily by a higher gross margin of $10.8 million generated from a sales increase of 11%, offset partially by increased selling and distribution expenses and general and administrative expenses of $6.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. These changes are discussed further in "Our Operating Results" below.
On March 31, 2016, we completed the purchase of two EWP facilities located in Thorsby, Alabama, and Roxboro, North Carolina (Acquisition) for an aggregate purchase price of $215.9 million, including closing date working capital of $25.9 million. We continue to integrate these facilities into our EWP system in support of our customers in the eastern and southeastern United States, including production and certification of Boise Cascade branded products and the re-start of previously idled LVL production assets at the Roxboro, North Carolina facility.
We ended third quarter 2016 with $131.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, $122.9 million of restricted cash deposits with trustee, and $581.6 million of debt. At September 30, 2016, we had $354.8 million of unused committed bank line availability under our Revolving Credit Facility. We used $53.3 million of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as cash provided by operating activities and issuances of long-term debt were more than offset by debt payments, restricted cash deposits, the Acquisition, and capital spending. On August 29, 2016, we irrevocably deposited $122.9 million of cash with the trustee of our $300.0 million 6.375% senior notes (2020 Notes) to pay the remaining principal amount, call premium, and all interest payable on November 1, 2016. A further description of our cash sources and uses for the six month comparative periods are discussed further in "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below.
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Demand for our products correlates with the level of residential construction activity in the U.S., which has historically been cyclical. As of October 2016, the Blue Chip Economic Indicators consensus forecast for 2017 and 2016 single- and multi-family housing starts in the U.S. were 1.28 and 1.18 million units, respectively, compared with actual housing starts of 1.11 million in 2015 and 1.00 million in 2014, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. Single-family housing starts have represented approximately two thirds of total housing starts in recent years and are the primary driver of our sales.
We believe continued employment growth, wage growth, prospective home buyers' access to financing, improved consumer confidence, as well as other factors, will be necessary to increase household formation rates. Improved household formation rates in turn will help stimulate new construction.
We expect to experience seasonally slower demand in fourth quarter 2016. On an annual basis, housing starts in the U.S. continue to show modest improvement and we remain optimistic that the improvement in demand for our products will continue as household formation rates and residential construction recover. We expect to manage our production levels to our sales demand, which will likely result in operating some of our facilities below their capacity, and could also include temporary plant curtailments in our plywood operations. In addition, maintenance related capital projects at our plywood plant in Chester, South Carolina, will cause that facility to be down for approximately one month during the fourth quarter. Future commodity product pricing could be volatile in response to industry operating rates, net import and export activity, inventory levels in our distribution channels, and seasonal demand patterns.
Factors That Affect Our Operating Results and Trends
Our results of operations and financial performance are influenced by a variety of factors, including the following:

• | the commodity nature of our products and their price movements, which are driven largely by capacity utilization rates, industry cycles that affect supply and demand, and net import and export activity;

• | general economic conditions, including but not limited to housing starts, repair-and-remodeling activity, and light commercial construction, inventory levels of new and existing homes for sale, foreclosure rates, interest rates, unemployment rates, household formation rates, and mortgage availability and pricing, as well as other consumer financing mechanisms, that ultimately affect demand for our products;

• | the highly competitive nature of our industry;

• | material disruptions and/or major equipment failure at our manufacturing facilities;

• | concentration of our sales among a relatively small group of customers;

• | our ability to successfully and efficiently complete and integrate potential acquisitions;

• | the need to successfully formulate and implement succession plans for certain members of our senior management team;

• | labor disruptions, shortages of skilled and technical labor, or increased labor costs;

• | availability and affordability of raw materials, including wood fiber and glues and resins;

• | substantial ongoing capital investment costs, including those associated with recent acquisitions, and the difficulty in offsetting fixed costs related to those investments if the housing market does not recover further;

• | disruptions to information systems used to process and store customer, employee, and vendor information, as well as the technology that manages our operations and other business processes;

• | the financial condition and creditworthiness of our customers;

• | the cost and availability of third-party transportation services used to deliver the goods we manufacture and distribute, as well as our raw materials;

• | the impact of actuarial assumptions and regulatory activity on pension costs and pension funding requirements;

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• | our indebtedness, including the possibility that we may not generate sufficient cash flows from operations or that future borrowings may not be available in amounts sufficient to fulfill our debt obligations and fund other liquidity needs;

• | declines in demand for our products due to competing technologies or materials, as well as changes in building code provisions;

• | impairment of our long-lived assets, goodwill, and/or intangible assets;

• | cost of compliance with government regulations, in particular environmental regulations;

• | exposure to product liability, product warranty, casualty, construction defect, and other claims;

• | restrictive covenants contained in our debt agreements;

• | fluctuations in the market for our equity; and

• | the other factors described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2015 Form 10-K.

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Our Operating Results
The following tables set forth our operating results in dollars and as a percentage of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (millions)
Sales | $ | 1,067.2 |  |  | $ | 991.6 |  |  | $ | 2,991.7 |  |  | $ | 2,756.9 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) | 922.1 |  |  | 854.1 |  |  | 2,586.4 |  |  | 2,383.8 |
Depreciation and amortization | 19.5 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 53.2 |  |  | 41.1 |
Selling and distribution expenses | 80.0 |  |  | 72.7 |  |  | 224.9 |  |  | 202.8 |
General and administrative expenses | 14.4 |  |  | 11.3 |  |  | 46.0 |  |  | 35.4 |
Other (income) expense, net | — |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  | (1.5 | ) |  | (1.7 | )
| 1,035.9 |  |  | 951.1 |  |  | 2,909.1 |  |  | 2,661.4 |
Income from operations | $ | 31.3 |  |  | $ | 40.4 |  |  | $ | 82.6 |  |  | $ | 95.5 |
| (percentage of sales)
Sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) | 86.4 | % |  | 86.1 | % |  | 86.5 | % |  | 86.5 | %
Depreciation and amortization | 1.8 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1.5 |
Selling and distribution expenses | 7.5 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | 7.4 |
General and administrative expenses | 1.3 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.3 |
Other (income) expense, net | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | )
| 97.1 | % |  | 95.9 | % |  | 97.2 | % |  | 96.5 | %
Income from operations | 2.9 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | 3.5 | %

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Sales Volumes and Prices
Set forth below are historical U.S. housing starts data, segment sales volumes and average net selling prices for the principal products sold by our Wood Products segment, and sales mix and gross margin information for our Building Materials Distribution segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands)
U.S. Housing Starts (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family | 207.3 |  |  | 203.2 |  |  | 595.4 |  |  | 548.5 |
Multi-family | 104.8 |  |  | 114.8 |  |  | 288.6 |  |  | 304.5 |
| 312.1 |  |  | 318.0 |  |  | 884.0 |  |  | 853.0 |
| (millions)
Segment Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wood Products | $ | 340.9 |  |  | $ | 340.6 |  |  | $ | 990.7 |  |  | $ | 989.8 |
Building Materials Distribution | 889.0 |  |  | 799.0 |  |  | 2,456.3 |  |  | 2,184.0 |
Corporate and Other | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |
Intersegment eliminations | (162.8 | ) |  | (148.0 | ) |  | (455.7 | ) |  | (416.9 | )
| $ | 1,067.2 |  |  | $ | 991.6 |  |  | $ | 2,991.7 |  |  | $ | 2,756.9 |
| (millions)
Wood Products |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales Volumes |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) (cubic feet) | 4.4 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 10.1 |
I-joists (equivalent lineal feet) | 62 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 155 |
Plywood (sq. ft.) (3/8" basis) | 385 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | 1,235 |
Lumber (board feet) | 46 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 158 |
| (dollars per unit)
Wood Products |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Net Selling Prices |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) (cubic foot) | $ | 16.57 |  |  | $ | 16.53 |  |  | $ | 16.70 |  |  | $ | 16.49 |
I-joists (1,000 equivalent lineal feet) | 1,102 |  |  | 1,118 |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | 1,105 |
Plywood (1,000 sq. ft.) (3/8" basis) | 288 |  |  | 282 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 299 |
Lumber (1,000 board feet) | 481 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 490 |
| (percentage of Building Materials Distribution sales)
Building Materials Distribution |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product Line Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity | 46.9 | % |  | 45.5 | % |  | 46.5 | % |  | 46.2 | %
General line | 35.1 | % |  | 36.4 | % |  | 35.4 | % |  | 36.1 | %
Engineered wood | 18.0 | % |  | 18.1 | % |  | 18.1 | % |  | 17.7 | %
Gross margin percentage (b) | 12.0 | % |  | 12.0 | % |  | 12.0 | % |  | 11.4 | %

_______________________________________

(a) | Actual U.S. housing starts data reported by the U.S. Census Bureau.

(b) | We define gross margin as "Sales" less "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)." Substantially all costs included in "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)" for our Building Materials Distribution segment are for inventory purchased for resale. Gross margin percentage is gross margin as a percentage of segment sales.

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Sales
For the three months ended September 30, 2016, total sales increased $75.6 million, or 8%, to $1,067.2 million from $991.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, total sales increased $234.8 million, or 9%, to $2,991.7 million from $2,756.9 million for the same period in the prior year. The change in sales was driven primarily by the changes in sales volumes and prices, as described below, for the products we manufacture and distribute with single-family residential construction activity being the key demand driver of our sales. In third quarter 2016, total U.S. housing starts decreased 2%, with single-family starts up 2% from the same period in 2015. On a year-to-date basis through September 2016, total housing starts increased 4%, with single-family up 9% from the same period in 2015. Average composite lumber and average composite panel prices for the three months ended September 30, 2016, were each 11% higher than in the same period in the prior year, as reflected by Random Lengths composite lumber and panel pricing. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, average composite lumber and average composite panel prices were up 2% and 1%, respectively, compared with the same period in the prior year. These improvements in composite commodity pricing generally result in improved results in our BMD segment as noted below, particularly due to improved pricing in OSB and dimension lumber products. However, within our Wood Products segment, we manufacture a narrow mix of products included in the composite indexes. For example, while average composite panel prices increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, plywood prices have been negatively impacted by a strong U.S. dollar and economy relative to other countries, resulting in foreign producers, particularly from South America, selling more of their plywood products into the U.S. Given weak plywood pricing and improved demand for EWP, we have also shifted more veneer to EWP, resulting in the decrease in plywood sales volume noted below.
Wood Products. Sales, including sales to our BMD segment, increased $0.3 million to $340.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, from $340.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The slight increase in sales was driven primarily by increases in sales volumes of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and I-joists of 17% and 8%, respectively, resulting in increased sales of $10.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively. These EWP volume increases were due primarily to our acquisition of two EWP facilities on March 31, 2016, as well as improved single-family housing starts. These increases were offset by decreases in plywood and lumber sales volumes of 7% and 16%, or $7.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively, in sales. Sales prices for LVL, I-joists, plywood, and lumber were relatively flat compared with the same period in the prior year.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, sales, including sales to BMD, increased $0.9 million to $990.7 million from $989.8 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in sales was driven primarily by increases in sales volumes of LVL and I-joists of 25% and 14%, respectively, resulting in increased sales of $41.3 million and $24.4 million, respectively. Increased EWP volumes were due primarily to the acquisition, as well as improved single-family housing starts. In addition, sales price increases of 2% in I-joists and 1% in LVL contributed $3.5 million and $2.6 million, respectively, to the increase in sales. These increases were offset by decreases in plywood and lumber sales prices of 9% and 5%, respectively, resulting in decreased sales of $29.2 million and $3.6 million, respectively, as well as decreases in plywood and lumber sales volumes of 7% and 10%, or $27.5 million and $7.4 million, respectively, in sales.
Building Materials Distribution. Sales increased $90.0 million, or 11%, to $889.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, from $799.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Compared with the same quarter in the prior year, the overall increase in sales was driven by sales volume and sales price increases of 8% and 3%, respectively. By product line, commodity sales increased 15%, or $53.2 million; general line product sales increased 7%, or $21.1 million; and sales of EWP (substantially all of which are sourced through our Wood Products segment) increased 11%, or $15.7 million.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, sales increased $272.4 million, or 12%, to $2,456.3 million from $2,184.0 million for the same period in the prior year. Compared with the same period in the prior year, the overall increase in sales was driven by sales volume increases of 12% on flat sales prices. By product line, commodity sales increased 13%, or $132.3 million; general line product sales increased 10%, or $80.9 million; and sales of EWP increased 15%, or $59.1 million.
Costs and Expenses
Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) increased $68.0 million, or 8%, to $922.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $854.1 million during the same period in the prior year. In our Wood Products segment, the increase in materials, labor, and other operating expenses was primarily driven by higher sales volumes of EWP, as well as higher per-unit costs of OSB (used in the manufacture of I-joists) of 35%, compared with third quarter 2015. In addition, materials, labor, and other operating expenses as a percentage of sales (MLO rate) in our Wood Products segment increased by 80 basis points. The increase in the MLO rate was primarily the result of lower plywood and lumber sales volumes, as well as higher OSB costs, which resulted in higher labor and wood fiber costs as a percentage of
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sales, offset partially by lower other manufacturing costs. In BMD, the increase in materials, labor, and other operating expenses was driven by higher purchased materials costs as a result of higher sales volumes, compared with third quarter 2015. However, the BMD segment MLO rate was flat compared with third quarter 2015 as modestly improved margins of commodity and general line products were offset by slightly lower margins of EWP.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation) increased $202.6 million, or 8%, to $2,586.4 million, compared with $2,383.8 million in the same period in the prior year. In our Wood Products segment, the increase in materials, labor, and other operating expenses was primarily driven by higher sales volumes of EWP, as well as higher per-unit costs of OSB of 23%, compared with the first nine months of 2015, offset partially by lower per-unit log costs of 3%. In addition, the MLO rate in our Wood Products segment increased by 150 basis points. The increase in the MLO rate was primarily the result of lower plywood and lumber sales prices and volumes, as well as higher OSB costs, which resulted in higher labor and wood fiber costs as a percentage of sales, offset partially by lower other manufacturing costs. In the BMD segment, the increase in materials, labor, and other operating expenses was driven by higher purchased materials costs as a result of higher sales volumes, compared with the first nine months of 2015. However, the BMD segment MLO rate improved 60 basis points compared with the first nine months of 2015 due to improved commodity product margins, as well as improved sales of general line products, which typically carry higher product margins than commodity products.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $5.2 million, or 37%, to $19.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $14.2 million during the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, these expenses increased $12.1 million, or 30%, to $53.2 million, compared with $41.1 million in the same period in the prior year. The increases in both periods were due primarily to the acquisition of two EWP facilities on March 31, 2016, and other capital expenditures. The idled LVL machinery and equipment at Roxboro, North Carolina, purchased in the Acquisition is being recommissioned. We have begun depreciating individual assets as they are placed in service.
Selling and distribution expenses increased $7.4 million, or 10%, to $80.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $72.7 million during the same period in the prior year. The increase was due primarily to higher employee-related expenses and shipping and handling costs of $5.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively, primarily as a result of increased sales volumes and improved operating results in our BMD segment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, selling and distribution expenses increased $22.1 million, or 11%, to $224.9 million, compared with $202.8 million during the same period in 2015. The increase was due primarily to higher employee-related expenses and shipping and handling costs of $13.3 million and $4.6 million, respectively, primarily as a result of increased sales volumes and improved operating results in our BMD segment.
General and administrative expenses increased $3.0 million, or 27%, to $14.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $11.3 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase was due primarily to higher employee-related expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, these expenses increased $10.7 million, or 30%, to $46.0 million, compared with $35.4 million during the same period in 2015, due primarily to increased employee-related expenses of $5.6 million and acquisition-related expenses of $3.6 million in our Wood Products segment.
Other (income) expense, net, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was insignificant. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, other (income) expense, net, was $1.5 million of income, which included a $1.5 million gain from the sale of a timber deed in our Wood Products segment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, other (income) expense, net, was $1.3 million and $1.7 million, which included a $0.9 million gain from the sale of a parcel of land in our Wood Products segment.
Income From Operations
Income from operations decreased $9.1 million to $31.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $40.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Income from operations decreased $12.9 million to $82.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $95.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Wood Products. Segment income decreased $10.3 million to $11.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $21.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in segment income was due primarily to higher OSB costs used in the manufacture of I-joists, as well as higher per-unit conversion costs resulting from lower plywood and lumber sales volumes. In addition, depreciation and amortization expense increased $4.6 million due primarily to the acquisition of two EWP facilities on March 31, 2016, and other capital expenditures.
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, segment income decreased $32.7 million to $33.8 million from $66.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in segment income was due primarily to lower plywood and lumber sales prices and higher OSB costs, as well as acquisition related expenses of $3.6 million. In addition, depreciation expense and amortization increased $9.8 million due primarily to the acquisition of two EWP facilities on March 31, 2016, and other capital expenditures. These decreases were offset partially by improved sales volumes and prices of EWP.
Building Materials Distribution. Segment income increased $3.7 million to $26.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, from $22.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The improvement in segment income was driven primarily by a higher gross margin of $10.8 million generated from a sales increase of 11%, offset partially by increased selling and distribution expenses and general and administrative expenses of $6.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, segment income increased $23.3 million to $68.9 million from $45.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in segment income was driven primarily by a higher gross margin of $46.5 million generated from a sales increase of 12%, including an improvement in gross margin percentage of 60 basis points. This improvement was offset partially by increased selling and distribution expenses and general and administrative expenses of $19.6 million and $2.6 million, respectively.
Corporate and Other. Segment loss increased $2.4 million to $6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, from $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was due primarily to higher incentive compensation costs, professional fees, and pension expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, segment loss increased $3.1 million to $19.9 million from $16.8 million for the six months ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to higher incentive compensation costs, professional fees, and corporate office occupancy expenses. These increases were offset partially by a decrease in pension expense of $1.1 million.
Other
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $1.4 million, or 25%, to $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $5.7 million during the same period in the prior year. Interest expense increased $2.6 million, or 15%, to $19.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $16.8 million during the same period in the prior year. For both periods, the increase was due primarily to interest expense related to the issuance of $350 million of 5.625% senior notes on August 29, 2016, $125.0 million of receive-variable pay-fixed interest rate swaps, a $75 million term loan entered into on March 30, 2016, and 2016 borrowings under our credit facility, offset partially by a decrease in interest expense from the repayment of $184.5 million of the 2020 Notes on August 29, 2016.
Change in fair value of interest rate swaps. For information related to our interest rate swaps, see the discussion under "Disclosures of Financial Market Risks" and "Financial Instruments" included in this "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Form 10-Q.
Loss on extinguishment of debt. In connection with the issuance of the $350 million of 5.625% senior notes due September 1, 2024 (2024 Notes), we commenced a tender offer to purchase any and all of our $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2020 Notes then outstanding. On August 29, 2016, we accepted for purchase an aggregate principal amount of $184.5 million of the 2020 Notes that were tendered. In connection with these transactions, we recognized a pre-tax loss on the extinguishment of debt of $9.5 million during the third quarter of 2016. The loss includes a $7.6 million tender premium paid and $1.9 million for the net write-off of a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs and unamortized premium related to the 2020 Notes.
On August 29, 2016, we irrevocably instructed the trustee for the 2020 Notes to issue a redemption notice to holders of the remaining $115.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes outstanding and irrevocably deposited $122.9 million of cash received upon the issuance of the 2024 Notes, representing the remaining principal amount, call premium, and all interest payable through November 1, 2016, with the trustee for the 2020 Notes. Accordingly, we expect to recognize an additional pre-tax loss on the extinguishment of debt of $4.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2016.
For more information related to our debt structure, see the discussion in Note 7, Debt, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
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Income Tax Provision
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded $5.5 million and $19.2 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 35.6% and 36.0%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded $12.6 million and $28.8 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 36.5% and 36.6%, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes, offset partially by other tax credits. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes, offset partially by the domestic production activities deduction.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We ended third quarter 2016 with $131.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, $122.9 million of restricted cash deposits with the trustee of the 6.375% senior notes, and $581.6 million of debt. At September 30, 2016, we had $486.0 million of available liquidity (cash and cash equivalents and unused borrowing capacity under our senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility). We used $53.3 million of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as cash provided by operating activities and issuances of long-term debt were more than offset by debt payments, restricted cash deposits, the Acquisition, and capital spending. On August 29, 2016, we irrevocably deposited $122.9 million of cash with the trustee of our 2020 Notes to satisfy and discharge our obligations to pay principal and interest, as well as a call premium on the remaining 2020 Notes, which will be redeemed on November 1, 2016. A further description of our cash sources and uses for the nine month comparative periods are noted below.
We believe that our cash flows from operations, combined with our current cash levels and available borrowing capacity, will be adequate to fund debt service requirements and provide cash, as required, to support our ongoing operations, capital expenditures, lease obligations, working capital, and pension contributions for at least the next 12 months. We expect to fund our intra-month working capital requirements in the remainder of 2016 from borrowings under our revolving credit facility and cash on hand.
Sources and Uses of Cash
We generate cash primarily from sales of our products, as well as short-term and long-term borrowings. Our primary uses of cash are for expenses related to the manufacture and distribution of building products, including inventory purchased for resale, wood fiber, labor, energy, and glues and resins. In addition to paying for ongoing operating costs, we use cash to invest in our business, service our debt and pension obligations, repurchase our common stock, and meet our contractual obligations and commercial commitments. Below is a discussion of our sources and uses of cash for operating activities, investment activities, and financing activities.

| Nine Months Ended September 30
| 2016 |  | 2015
| (thousands)
Net cash provided by operations | $ | 113,254 |  |  | $ | 77,926 |
Net cash used for investment | (270,780 | ) |  | (53,739 | )
Net cash provided by financing | 104,214 |  |  | 25,048 |

Operating Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, our operating activities generated $113.3 million of cash, compared with $77.9 million of cash generated in the same period in 2015. The $35.3 million improvement in cash provided by operations was due primarily to a $50.4 million decrease in pension contributions, as well a $23.3 million improvement in income from the Building Materials Distribution segment. These changes were offset partially by a $32.7 million decrease in the Wood Products segment income, a decrease in income tax refunds, net of taxes paid, of $3.6 million, an increase in cash payments for interest of $5.6 million, and a $12.5 million increase in working capital during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared with a $4.7 million decrease for the same period in the prior year. See "Our Operating Results" in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for more information related to factors affecting our operating results.
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The change in working capital in both periods was primarily attributable to higher receivables and inventories, offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The increases in receivables in both periods primarily reflect increased sales of approximately 23% and 17%, comparing sales for the months of September 2016 and 2015 with sales for the months of December 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities provided $102.3 million of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared with $76.5 million in the same period a year ago. During both periods, seasonally higher inventory purchases and extended terms offered by major vendors to our Building Materials Distribution segment led to the increase in accounts payable.
Investment Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we used $215.9 million for the Acquisition. These facilities will complement our existing Wood Products business and enable us to better serve our customers in the eastern and southeastern United States. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, we used $55.4 million and $56.7 million, respectively, of cash for purchases of property and equipment, including business improvement and quality/efficiency projects, replacement and expansion projects, restart of idled assets at our recently acquired Roxboro, North Carolina, facility, and ongoing environmental compliance. Excluding acquisitions, we expect capital expenditures in 2016 to total approximately $85 million to $95 million. During 2017, we expect capital expenditures to total approximately $70 million to $80 million. This level of capital expenditures could increase or decrease as a result of a number of factors, including our financial results, future economic conditions, and timing of equipment purchases. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we received asset sales proceeds of $3.0 million, primarily from the sale of a parcel of land in our Wood Products segment.
Financing Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, our financing activities generated $104.2 million of cash, compared with $25.0 million of cash generated in the same period in 2015.
On August 29, 2016, we issued $350 million of 5.625% senior notes due September 1, 2024 (2024 Notes). In connection with the 2024 Notes issuance, we commenced a tender offer to purchase any and all of our $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2020 Notes then outstanding. Concurrently, we accepted for purchase an aggregate principal amount of $184.5 million of the 2020 Notes that were tendered. In connection with the tender, we paid a tender premium of $7.6 million.
On August 29, 2016, we irrevocably instructed the trustee for the 2020 notes to issue a redemption notice to holders of the remaining $115.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2020 Notes outstanding and irrevocably deposited $119.2 million of cash received upon the issuance of the 2024 Notes, representing the remaining principal amount and call premium, in an account with the trustee for the 2020 Notes, to be redeemed on November 1, 2016. Upon our irrevocable redemption instructions and deposit, our obligations under the indenture pursuant to which the 2020 Notes were issued were satisfied and discharged, the indenture generally ceased to be of further effect, and we have no further obligations to the 2020 Notes holders.
In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we issued a new $75.0 million term loan (Term Loan) to partially fund the Acquisition. Under our revolving credit facility, we also borrowed $355.0 million to fund intra-month working capital needs and $55.0 million to partially fund the Acquisition, which were subsequently repaid with cash on hand during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. At September 30, 2016, we had no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility. We also used $6.3 million of cash for financing costs related to our debt issuances during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. In addition, we repurchased 180,100 shares of our common stock for $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our cash generated from financing activities was primarily related to the issuance of a new $50.0 million term loan (ABL Term Loan) offset partially by the repurchase of 722,911 shares of our common stock for $23.7 million. Proceeds from the ABL Term Loan were used to fund a $40.0 million discretionary pension contribution and for general corporate purposes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we had no borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
For more information related to our debt structure and common stock repurchase program, see the discussion in Note 7, Debt, and Note 10, Stockholders' Equity, respectively, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
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Contractual Obligations
For information about contractual obligations, see Contractual Obligations in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2015 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in contractual obligations outside the ordinary course of business since December 31, 2015, except for the items noted in the table below.

| Payments Due by Period
| Remainder 2016 |  | 2017-2018 |  | 2019-2020 |  | Thereafter |  | Total
| (millions)
Long-term debt (a) | $ | 115.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 475.0 |  |  | $ | 590.5 |
Interest (b) | 4.2 |  |  | 43.6 |  |  | 43.5 |  |  | 84.8 |  |  | 176.1 |
Leases (c) | 3.8 |  |  | 29.7 |  |  | 27.9 |  |  | 80.3 |  |  | 141.7 |
| $ | 123.5 |  |  | $ | 73.3 |  |  | $ | 71.4 |  |  | $ | 640.1 |  |  | $ | 908.3 |

_______________________________________

(a) | These borrowings are further explained in Note 7, Debt, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q. The long-term debt payments for 2016 represent the extinguishment of all remaining 2020 Notes on November 1, 2016, excluding a $3.7 million call premium. The table assumes all other long-term debt is held to maturity.

(b) | Amounts represent estimated interest payments on the 2020 Notes, 2024 Notes, ABL Term Loan, and Term Loan as of September 30, 2016, assuming these notes are held to maturity. Unused commitment fees and letter of credit fees payable under the Revolving Credit Facility are excluded from the table above. In addition, we have excluded our interest rate swaps from interest in the table above. For information regarding average pay rates and average receive rates on our interest rate swaps, see "Financial Instruments" included in this "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Form 10-Q.

(c) | We enter into leases in the normal course of business. We lease a portion of our distribution centers as well as other property and equipment under leases. Some lease agreements provide us with the option to renew the lease or purchase the leased property. Our lease obligations would change if we exercised these renewal options and/or if we entered into additional lease agreements. For more information, see Note 6, Leases, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2015 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance-Sheet Activities
At September 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, we had no material off-balance-sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities.
Guarantees
Note 5, Debt, and Note 16, Commitments, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, and Guarantees, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2015 Form 10-K describe the nature of our guarantees, including the approximate terms of the guarantees, how the guarantees arose, the events or circumstances that would require us to perform under the guarantees, and the maximum potential undiscounted amounts of future payments we could be required to make. As of September 30, 2016, there have been no material changes to the guarantees disclosed in our 2015 Form 10-K, except for debt transactions disclosed in Note 7, Debt, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
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Seasonal and Inflationary Influences
We are exposed to fluctuations in quarterly sales volumes and expenses due to seasonal factors. These seasonal factors are common in the building products industry. Seasonal changes in levels of building activity affect our building products businesses, which are dependent on housing starts, repair-and-remodeling activities, and light commercial construction activities. We typically report lower sales in the first and fourth quarters due to the impact of poor weather on the construction market, and we generally have higher sales in the second and third quarters, reflecting an increase in construction due to more favorable weather conditions. We typically have higher working capital in the first and second quarters in preparation and response to the building season. Seasonally cold weather increases costs, especially energy consumption, at most of our manufacturing facilities.
Our major costs of production are wood fiber, labor, and glue and resins. Wood fiber costs and glue and resin costs have been volatile in recent years.
Employees
As of October 23, 2016, we had approximately 6,230 employees. Approximately 24% of these employees work pursuant to collective bargaining agreements. As of October 23, 2016, we had nine collective bargaining agreements. Four agreements, covering approximately 663 employees at our Elgin plywood plant and sawmill, La Grande particleboard plant, Kettle Falls plywood plant, and Woodinville BMD facility, expired on May 31, 2016, but have been indefinitely extended by the parties, subject to either party submitting a ten-day written notice to terminate. We expect these four agreements to be negotiated together. We also have two agreements, covering approximately 49 employees at our Billings BMD facility and Vancouver BMD facility, that are set to expire on March 31, 2017, as well as an agreement, covering approximately 715 employees at our Oakdale and Florien plywood plants, that are set to expire on July 15, 2017. If any of these agreements are not renewed or extended upon their termination, we could experience a material labor disruption or significantly increased labor costs, which could prevent us from meeting customer demand or reduce our sales and profitability.
Disclosures of Financial Market Risks
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to financial risks such as changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and commodity prices. As of September 30, 2016, there have been no material changes to financial market risks disclosed in our 2015 Form 10-K, except for changes to interest rate risk.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk arising from fluctuations in variable-rate LIBOR on our term loans and when we have loan amounts outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility. At September 30, 2016, we had $125.0 million of variable-rate debt outstanding. Our objective is to limit the variability of interest payments on our debt. To meet this objective, management may enter into receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps to change the variable-rate cash flow exposure to fixed-rate cash flows. In accordance with our risk management strategy, we actively monitor our interest rate exposure and use derivative instruments from time to time to manage the related risk. We do not speculate using derivative instruments.
On February 16, 2016 and March 31, 2016, we entered into interest rate swap agreements with notional principal amounts of $50.0 million and $75.0 million, respectively, to offset risks associated with the variability in cash flows relating to interest payments that are based on one-month LIBOR. Under the interest rate swaps, we receive LIBOR-based variable interest rate payments and make fixed interest rate payments, thereby fixing the interest rate on $125.0 million of debt. Payments on the interest rate swaps with notional principal amounts of $50.0 million and $75.0 million are due on a monthly basis at a fixed rate of 1.007% and 1.256%, respectively, and expire in February 2022 and March 2022, respectively. The interest rate swap agreements were not designated as cash flow hedges, and as a result, all changes in the fair value are recognized in "Change in fair value of interest rate swaps" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations rather than through other comprehensive income. At September 30, 2016, we recorded a long-term asset of $44 thousand recorded in "Other assets" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and a long-term liability of $809 thousand recorded in "Other long-term liabilities" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, each representing the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements.
Financial Instruments
The table below provides information as of September 30, 2016, about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The table presents principal cash flows and related weighted average interest rates by expected
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maturity dates. For obligations with variable interest rate sensitivity, the table sets forth payout amounts based on September 30, 2016 rates and does not attempt to project future rates. Other instruments subject to market risk, such as obligations for pension plans and other postretirement benefits, are not reflected in the table.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, 2016
2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | There- after |  | Total |  | Fair Value (b)
| (millions, other than percentages)
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate debt payments (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Notes | $ | 115.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 350.0 |  |  | $ | 465.5 |  |  | $ | 474.6 |
Average interest rates | 6.375 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.625 | % |  | 5.8 | % |  | — |
Variable-rate debt payments (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term Loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 125.0 |  |  | $ | 125.0 |  |  | $ | 125.0 |
Average interest rates | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | — |

_______________________________________

(a) | These obligations are further explained in Note 7, Debt, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q. The table assumes our long-term debt is held to maturity.

(b) | We estimated the fair value using quoted market prices of our debt in inactive markets.

The table below provides information as of September 30, 2016, about our interest rate swaps. For information on interest rate swaps, see Interest Rate Risk and Interest Rate Swaps of Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q. The following is information about the notional amount and interest rate by contractual maturity date for our interest rate swap agreements, as well as the fair value of the liability at September 30, 2016:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, 2016
2016- 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | There- after |  | Total |  | Fair Value
| (millions)
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable to fixed notional amount | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 125.0 |  |  | $ | 125.0 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |
Average pay rate (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | — |
Average receive rate (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | — |

_______________________________________

(a) | Represents the weighted average actual fixed interest rate payable on our interest rate swaps.

(b) | Represents the weighted average variable interest rate receivable on our interest rate swaps at September 30, 2016.

Environmental
For additional information about environmental issues, see Environmental in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2015 Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Critical accounting estimates are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results. These estimates require management's most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to estimate matters that are inherently uncertain. We review the development, selection, and disclosure of our critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our board of directors. For information about critical accounting estimates, see Critical Accounting Estimates in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in
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our 2015 Form 10-K. At September 30, 2016, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in our 2015 Form 10-K, except as noted below.
Business Combinations
From time to time, we may enter into material business combinations. We allocate the total purchase price of a business combination to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. The acquisition method of accounting requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions regarding the fair values of the elements of a business combination as of the date of acquisition, including the fair values (fair value is determined using the income approach, cost approach and/or market approach) of inventory, property, plant, and equipment, and identifiable intangible assets, among others. This method also requires us to refine these estimates over a measurement period not to exceed one year to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. If we are required to retroactively adjust provisional amounts that we have recorded for the fair values of assets and liabilities in connection with acquisitions, these adjustments could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, we expense any acquisition-related costs as incurred in connection with each business combination.
Significant estimates and assumptions in estimating the fair value of customer relationships and other identifiable intangible assets include future cash flows that we expect to generate from the acquired assets. If the subsequent actual results and updated projections of the underlying business activity change compared with the assumptions and projections used to develop these values, we could record impairment charges. In addition, we have estimated the economic lives of certain acquired assets and these lives are used to calculate depreciation and amortization expense. If our estimates of the economic lives change, depreciation or amortization expenses could be increased or decreased.
New and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
For information related to new and recently adopted accounting standards, see "New and Recently Adopted Accounting Standards" in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Condensed Notes to Unaudited Quarterly Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 1. Financial Statements" in this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
For information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see the discussion under "Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" and under the headings "Disclosures of Financial Market Risks" and "Financial Instruments" in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2015 Form 10-K. As of September 30, 2016, there have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk from those disclosed in our 2015 Form 10-K, except as disclosed in "Disclosures of Financial Market Risks" in "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. We have designed these controls and procedures to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, such as this Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. We have also designed our disclosure controls to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our senior management, including our chief executive officer (CEO) and our chief financial officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow them to make timely decisions regarding our required disclosures.
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Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating our disclosure and/or internal controls and procedures, we recognized that no matter how well conceived and well operated, a control system can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of its inherent limitations, a control system, no matter how well designed, may not prevent or detect misstatements due to error or fraud. Additionally, in designing a control system, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. We have also designed our disclosure and internal controls and procedures based in part upon assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
On March 31, 2016, we completed the acquisition of two EWP facilities. In connection with integrating these facilities, we are evaluating and, where necessary, will implement changes in controls and procedures at the facilities as the integration proceeds. This process may result in additions or changes to our internal control over financial reporting. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are a party to routine legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings or environmental claims that we believe would, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
This report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical or current facts, including statements about our expectations, anticipated financial results, projected capital expenditures, and future business prospects, are forward-looking statements. You can identify these statements by our use of words such as "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "should," "plan," "anticipate," and other similar expressions. You can find examples of these statements throughout this report, including "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." We cannot guarantee that our actual results will be consistent with the forward-looking statements we make in this report. You should review carefully the risk factors listed in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2015 Form 10-K, as well as those factors listed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the risk factor below related to our recent acquisition. We do not assume an obligation to update any forward-looking statement.
Our strategy includes pursuing acquisitions. We may be unable to efficiently integrate acquired operations or successfully complete potential acquisitions.
We may not be able to integrate the operations of acquired businesses, including the engineered wood products facilities located in Thorsby, Alabama, and Roxboro, North Carolina, in an efficient and cost-effective manner or without significant disruption to our existing operations or realize expected synergies. Acquisitions involve significant risks and uncertainties, including uncertainties as to the future financial performance of the acquired business, difficulties integrating acquired personnel into our business, the potential loss of key employees, customers or suppliers, difficulties in integrating different computer and accounting systems, exposure to unknown or unforeseen liabilities of acquired companies, and the diversion of management attention and resources from existing operations. In the future, we may be unable to successfully complete potential acquisitions due to multiple factors, including those noted above, and potential issues related to regulatory review of the proposed transactions. We may also be required to incur additional debt in order to consummate acquisitions, which debt may be substantial and may limit our flexibility in using our cash flow from operations. Our failure to integrate future acquired businesses effectively or to manage other consequences of our acquisitions could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Required exhibits are listed in the Index to Exhibits and are incorporated by reference.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | BOISE CASCADE COMPANY
|  | /s/ Kelly E. Hibbs
|  | Kelly E. Hibbs Vice President and Controller
|  | (As Duly Authorized Officer and Chief Accounting Officer)

Date: October 26, 2016
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BOISE CASCADE COMPANY
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Filed With the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarter Ended September 30, 2016

Number |  | Description
4.1 |  |  | Indenture, dated as of August 29, 2016, by and among Boise Cascade Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, governing the 5.625% Senior Notes due 2024 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2016)
4.2 |  |  | Form of 5.625% Senior Note due 2024 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2016)
4.3 |  |  | Form of 5.625% Senior Note Guarantee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2016)
4.4 |  |  | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 29, 2016, by and among Boise Cascade Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2016)
10.1 |  |  | Notes Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 16, 2016, by and among Boise Cascade Company, the guarantors party thereto, and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as representative of the several Initial Purchasers relating to the offer and sale of the 5.625% Senior Notes due 2024
10.2 |  |  | Form of Severance Agreement between Boise Cascade Company and executive officers (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2016)
31.1 |  |  | CEO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  |  | CFO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 |  |  | CEO Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 |  |  | CFO Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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