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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded $13.8 million and $23.6 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 24.9% and 23.0%, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes, offset partially by excess tax benefits of vested share-based payment awards. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded $13.1 million and $18.2 million, respectively, of income tax expense and had an effective rate of 37.2% and 36.1%, respectively. The primary reason for the difference between the federal statutory income tax rate of 35% and the effective tax rate was the effect of state taxes.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, cash paid for taxes, net of refunds received, were $6.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was enacted by the U.S. government. The legislation makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code affecting the taxation of businesses in all industries. The most significant impact to our financial statements is the reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Other relevant provisions which may impact our financial statements include, but are not limited to, the elimination of the production activities deduction, limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, bonus depreciation to allow immediate expensing of qualified property, and limitations on deductible interest expense.

As of June 30, 2018, we have not completed our assessment of the effects of the Tax Act on our financial statements. We have, however, made reasonable estimates of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances. In connection with our initial analysis of the Tax Act, we have recorded a provisional discrete tax benefit of $8.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. We continue to evaluate the effects of the Tax Act on our financial statements, particularly relating to the deferred balances subject to the rate reduction, the state tax impact from decisions related to federal conformity, and the cost recovery provisions of the new bonus depreciation rules. In addition, the Company continues to monitor potential legislative action and regulatory interpretations of the Tax Act. We will refine our adjustments through the permissible measurement period, which is not to extend beyond one year from enactment.