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Revenues
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue
Revenues

Adoption of ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers"

On January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018, are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

There was no cumulative effect adjustment recorded to opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2018, upon adoption of Topic 606. However, the new revenue standard provided new guidance that resulted in reclassifications between "Sales" and "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)" and "Selling and distribution expenses" for certain byproduct sales and restocking fees previously netted against these costs. The impact of the reclassifications to revenues and expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 was an increase of $26.5 million as a result of applying Topic 606.

Wood Products Segment

Our Wood Products segment manufactures EWP, consisting of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), I-joists, and laminated beams, which are structural products used in applications where extra strength and consistent quality are required, such as headers and beams. LVL is also used in the manufacture of I-joists, which are assembled by combining a vertical web of oriented strand board (OSB) with top and bottom LVL or solid wood flanges. In addition, we manufacture structural, appearance, and industrial plywood panels. Our wood products are used primarily in new residential construction, residential repair-and-remodeling markets, and light commercial construction. The majority of our wood products are sold to leading wholesalers (including our Building Materials Distribution segment), home improvement centers, retail lumberyards, and industrial converters.

For EWP, plywood and veneer, byproducts, and other products, we transfer control and recognize a sale when we ship the product from our manufacturing facility to our customer. Control transfers when product is shipped because the customer has legal title, a present obligation to pay, and risk and rewards of ownership. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize varies with changes in rebates and cash discounts we offer to our customers. See "Rebates and Cash Discounts" below.

Building Materials Distribution Segment

Our Building Materials Distribution segment is a leading national stocking wholesale distributor of building materials. We distribute a broad line of building materials, including OSB, plywood, and lumber (collectively referred to as commodities); general line items such as siding, composite decking, doors, metal products, insulation, and roofing; and EWP. Except for EWP, we purchase most of these building materials from third-party suppliers and market them primarily to retail lumberyards, home improvement centers, and specialty distributors that then sell the products to the final end customers, who are typically
professional builders, independent contractors, and homeowners engaged in residential construction projects. Substantially all of Building Materials Distribution's EWP is sourced from our Wood Products segment.

We sell products using two primary distribution methods: warehouse sales and direct sales. Warehouse sales are distributed from our warehouses to our customers. Direct sales are shipped from the manufacturer to the customer without us taking physical possession of inventory. We report direct sales on a gross basis, that is, the amounts billed to our customers are recorded as "Sales," and inventory purchased from manufacturers are recorded as "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)." We are the principal of direct sales because we control the inventory, as we have the ability to direct its use before it is transferred to our customers.

For warehouse sales, we transfer control and recognize a sale when the customer takes physical possession of the product. Control transfers when the customer takes physical possession of the product because the customer has legal title, a present obligation to pay, and risk and rewards of ownership. For direct sales, we transfer control and recognize a sale when the product is shipped from the manufacturer to the customer. Control transfers when product is shipped because the customer has legal title, a present obligation to pay, and risk and rewards of ownership. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize varies with changes in customer rebates and cash discounts we offer to our customers. See "Rebates and Cash Discounts" below.

Rebates and Cash Discounts

Rebates are provided to our customers and our customers' customers based on the volume of their purchases, among other factors such as customer loyalty, conversion, and commitment. We provide the rebates to increase the sell-through of our products. Rebates are generally estimated based on the expected amount to be paid and recorded as a decrease in "Sales." At December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $49.4 million and $52.1 million, respectively, of rebates payable to our customers recorded in "Accrued liabilities, Other" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We estimate the expected cash discounts based on an analysis of historical experience and record cash discounts as a decrease in "Sales." We adjust our estimate of revenue at the earlier of when the probability of rebates paid and cash discounts provided changes or when the amounts become fixed. There have not been and we believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

Shipping and Handling

Fees for shipping and handling charged to customers for sales transactions are included in "Sales" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. When control over products has transferred to the customer, we have elected to recognize costs related to shipping and handling as fulfillment costs. For our Wood Products segment, costs related to shipping and handling are included in "Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. In our Wood Products segment, we view our shipping and handling costs as a cost of the manufacturing process and the movement of product to our end customers. For our Building Materials Distribution segment, costs related to shipping and handling of $169.2 million, $156.5 million, and $139.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, are included in "Selling and distribution expenses" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. In our Building Materials Distribution segment, our activities relate to the purchase and resale of finished product, and excluding shipping and handling costs from “Materials, labor, and other operating expenses (excluding depreciation)” provides us a clearer view of our operating performance and the effectiveness of our sales and purchasing functions.

Other

Our payment terms vary by the type of customer and the products offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.

Sales, value add, and other taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.

We expense sales commissions when incurred as they are earned when the product is shipped. These costs are recorded within "Selling and distribution expenses."

For revenue disaggregated by major product line for each reportable segment, see Note 17, Segment Information.