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Stock-Based Incentive Plans
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Incentive Plans
Note 12. Stock-Based Incentive Plans
Stock-based incentive plans compensation expense is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020201920202019
Service-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”)$4,410 $3,583 $13,139 $10,428 
Service-based stock appreciation rights (“SARs”)3,211 2,896 9,185 7,804 
Market performance-based restricted stock units814 757 2,745 2,146 
Operating performance-based restricted stock units (962)983 882 2,752 
Employee share purchase plan337 312 894 997 
Total stock-based compensation expense$7,810 $8,531 $26,845 $24,127 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we issued stock-based compensatory awards with terms approved by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. The awards with service conditions generally vest ratably over four years, subject to forfeiture unless service conditions are met. Market performance-based awards cliff vest after three years subject to the rank of our total shareholder return for the three-year period ending December 31, 2022 relative to the total shareholder returns for a peer group of companies. Operating performance-based awards cliff vest after three years subject to the achievement of certain thresholds of cumulative adjusted free cash flow for the three year period ending December 31, 2022. Compensation expense related to awards granted during 2020 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $3.3 million and $6.6 million, respectively.
Stock-based compensation agreements issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing potential shares and their weighted average grant date fair values by type follows (shares in thousands, fair value in dollars):
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
SharesWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Service-based SARs1,133 $15.73 
Service-based RSUs599 $44.42 
Market performance-based RSUs93 $39.83 
Operating performance-based RSUs93 $43.57