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Commitments and Contingencies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] |
Commitments and Contingencies | Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies FDA Warning Letter On December 29, 2015, the FDA issued a Warning Letter alleging certain violations of FDA regulations applicable to medical device manufacturers at our Munich, Germany and Arvada, Colorado facilities. The FDA inspected the Munich facility from August 24, 2015 to August 27, 2015 and the Arvada facility from August 24, 2015 to September 1, 2015. On August 27, 2015, the FDA issued a Form 483 identifying two observed non-conformities with certain regulatory requirements at the Munich facility. We did not receive a Form 483 in connection with the FDA’s inspection of the Arvada facility. Following receipt of the Form 483, we provided written responses to the FDA describing corrective and preventive actions that were underway or to be taken to address the FDA’s observations at the Munich facility. The Warning Letter responded in part to our responses and identified other alleged violations related to the manufacture of our 3T Heater-Cooler device that were not previously included in the Form 483. The Warning Letter further stated that our 3T devices and other devices we manufactured at our Munich facility were subject to refusal of admission into the U.S. until resolution of the issues set forth by the FDA in the Warning Letter. The FDA had informed us that the import alert was limited to the 3T devices, but that the agency reserved the right to expand the scope of the import alert if future circumstances warranted such action. The Warning Letter did not request that existing users cease using the 3T device, and manufacturing and shipment of all our products other than the 3T device were unaffected by the import limitation. To help clarify these issues for current customers, we issued an informational Customer Letter in January 2016 and that same month agreed with the FDA on a process for shipping 3T devices to existing U.S. users pursuant to a certificate of medical necessity program. Finally, the Warning Letter stated that premarket approval applications for Class III devices to which certain Quality System regulation deviations identified in the Warning Letter were reasonably related would not be approved until the violations had been corrected; however, this restriction applied only to the Munich and Arvada facilities, which do not manufacture or design devices subject to Class III premarket approval. On February 25, 2020, LivaNova received clearance for K191402, a 510(k) for the 3T devices that addressed issues contained in the 2015 Warning Letter along with design changes that further mitigate the potential risk of aerosolization. Concurrent with this clearance, (1) 3T devices manufactured in accordance with K191402 will not be subjected to the import alert and (2) LivaNova initiated a correction to distribute the updated Operating Instructions cleared under K191402. With this 510(k) clearance, all actions to remediate the FDA’s inspectional observations in the Warning Letter are complete, and at this time, LivaNova is awaiting the FDA’s close-out inspection. CDC and FDA Safety Communications and Company Field Safety Notice On October 13, 2016, the CDC and the FDA separately released safety notifications regarding the 3T devices. The CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (“MMWR”) and Health Advisory Notice (“HAN”) reported that tests conducted by the CDC and its affiliates indicate that there appears to be genetic similarity between both patient and 3T device strains of the non-tuberculous mycobacterium (“NTM”) bacteria M. chimaera isolated in hospitals in Iowa and Pennsylvania. Citing the geographic separation between the two hospitals referenced in the investigation, the report asserts that 3T devices manufactured prior to August 18, 2014 could have been contaminated during the manufacturing process. The CDC’s HAN and FDA’s Safety Communication, issued contemporaneously with the MMWR report, each assess certain risks associated with 3T devices and provide guidance for providers and patients. The CDC notification states that the decision to use the 3T device during a surgical operation is to be taken by the surgeon based on a risk approach and on patient need. Both the CDC’s and FDA’s communications confirm that 3T devices are critical medical devices and enable doctors to perform life-saving cardiac surgery procedures. Also on October 13, 2016, concurrent with the CDC’s HAN and FDA’s Safety Communication, we issued a Field Safety Notice Update for U.S. users of 3T devices to proactively and voluntarily contact facilities to aid in implementation of the CDC and FDA recommendations. In the fourth quarter of 2016, we initiated a program to provide existing 3T device users with a new loaner 3T device at no charge pending regulatory approval and implementation of additional risk mitigation strategies worldwide, including a vacuum canister and internal sealing upgrade program and a deep disinfection service. In April 2017, we obtained CE Mark in Europe for the design change of the 3T device, and in October 2018, the FDA concluded that we could commence the vacuum canister and internal sealing upgrade program in the U.S. On February 25, 2020, LivaNova received clearance for K191402, a 510(k) for the 3T devices that addressed issues contained in the 2015 Warning Letter along with design changes that further mitigate the potential risk of aerosolization. We are in the process of completing and closing out all recall activities with the FDA. While our vacuum canister and internal sealing upgrade program and deep cleaning service in the U.S. are substantially complete, these services will continue as a servicing option outside of the U.S. On December 31, 2016, we recognized a liability for our product remediation plan related to our 3T device. We concluded that it was probable that a liability had been incurred upon management’s approval of the plan and the commitments made by management to various regulatory authorities globally in the fourth quarter of 2016, and furthermore, the cost associated with the plan was reasonably estimable. At December 31, 2021, the product remediation liability was $0.8 million. Saluggia Site Hazardous Substances LSM, formerly a subsidiary of Sorin, one of the companies that merged into LivaNova PLC in 2015, manages site services for the campus in Saluggia, Italy. The Saluggia campus is the location of manufacturing facilities of third parties, including those who acquired our Cardiac Rhythm Management and Heart Valve businesses, a cafeteria for workers, and storage facilities for hazardous substances and equipment used between the 1960s and the late 1990s by a nuclear research center that evolved into a nuclear medicine business. Pursuant to authorization from the Italian government, LSM has, and continues to, perform ordinary maintenance, secure the facilities, monitor air and water quality and file applicable reports with the competent environmental authorities. During 2020, LSM received correspondence from ISIN (a sub-body of the Italian Ministry of Economic Development) requesting that within five years, LSM demonstrate the financial capacity to meet its obligations under Italian law to clean and dismantle any contaminated buildings and equipment as well as to deliver hazardous substances to a national repository. This repository will be built by the Italian government at a location and time yet to be determined. ISIN subsequently published Technical Guide n. 30, which identifies the technical criteria, and general safety and protection requirements for the design, construction, operation and dismantling of temporary storage facilities for the hazardous substances. In January 2021, a list of 67 potential sites for the national repository was published. There is no legal obligation to begin any work or deliver the hazardous substances, as the performance of these obligations is contingent on the construction of the as-yet unbuilt national repository. As a result of the above correspondence and publication from ISIN and the publication of potential sites for the national repository, some of the substantial uncertainties regarding the obligation became more certain. In connection with developing the plan required by ISIN, we retained a third party specialist to assist in the estimation of the potential costs. Based on the aforementioned factors, the Company concluded its obligation to clean, dismantle, and deliver any hazardous substances to a national repository, was probable and reasonably estimable as of December 31, 2020. Accordingly, in the fourth quarter of 2020, we recognized a $42.2 million provision for this matter, which is included within other operating expenses on the consolidated statements of income (loss). The liability as of December 31, 2020 was $43.0 million which represented the low end of the estimated range of loss of $43.0 million to $55.0 million. At December 31, 2021 the liability was $39.3 million. The decrease in the liability from December 31, 2020 was primarily due to the effects of foreign currency changes during the year ended December 31, 2021. Litigation Product Liability The Company is currently involved in litigation involving our 3T device. The litigation includes federal multi-district litigation in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, various U.S. state court cases and cases in jurisdictions outside the U.S. A class action, filed in February 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, consisting of all Pennsylvania residents who underwent open heart surgery at WellSpan York Hospital and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center between 2011 and 2015 and who currently are asymptomatic for NTM infection, was dismissed on July 16, 2021. On March 29, 2019, we announced a settlement framework that provides for a comprehensive resolution of the personal injury cases pending in the multi-district litigation in U.S. federal court, the related class action in federal court, as well as certain cases in state courts across the United States. The agreement, which makes no admission of liability, is subject to certain conditions, including acceptance of the settlement by individual claimants and provides for a total payment of up to $225 million to resolve the claims covered by the settlement. Per the agreed-upon terms, the first payment of $135 million was paid into a qualified settlement fund in July 2019 and the second payment of $90 million was paid in January 2020. Cases covered by the settlement are being dismissed as amounts are disbursed to individual plaintiffs from the qualified settlement fund. Cases in state and federal courts in the U.S. and in jurisdictions outside the U.S. continue to progress. As of March 1, 2022, including the cases encompassed in the settlement framework described above that have not yet been dismissed, we are aware of approximately 90 filed and unfiled claims worldwide, with the majority of the claims in various federal or state courts throughout the United States. This number includes seven cases that have settled but have not yet been dismissed. The complaints generally seek damages and other relief based on theories of strict liability, negligence, breach of express and implied warranties, failure to warn, design and manufacturing defect, fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation or concealment, unjust enrichment, and violations of various state consumer protection statutes. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 we recognized additional litigation provisions of $38.1 million, $3.9 million and $33.2 million, respectively, due to new information received about the nature of certain claims. At December 31, 2021, the provision for these matters was $39.5 million. While the amount accrued represents our best estimate for those filed and unfiled claims that are both probable and estimable, the actual liability for resolution of these matters may vary from our estimate. Changes in the carrying amount of the litigation provision liability are as follows (in thousands):
Total litigation provision liability at December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 294,061 |  |
Payments |  | (156,928) |  |
Adjustments (1) |  | 33,233 |  |
FX and other |  | 38 |  |
Total litigation provision liability at December 31, 2019 |  | 170,404 |  |
Payments |  | (138,178) |  |
Adjustments (1) |  | 3,906 |  |
FX and other |  | 358 |  |
Total litigation provision liability at December 31, 2020 |  | 36,490 |  |
Payments |  | (34,808) |  |
Adjustments (1) |  | 38,068 |  |
FX and other |  | (280) |  |
Total litigation provision liability at December 31, 2021 |  | 39,470 |  |
Less current portion of litigation provision liability at December 31, 2021 |  | 32,845 |  |
Long-term portion of litigation provision liability at December 31, 2021 (2) |  | $ | 6,625 |  |
(1)Adjustments to the litigation provision are included within other operating expenses on the consolidated statements of income (loss). (2)Included within other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Environmental Liability Sorin was created as a result of a spin-off (the “Sorin spin-off”) from SNIA in January 2004, and in October 2015, Sorin was merged into LivaNova. SNIA subsequently became insolvent and the Italian Ministry of the Environment and the Protection of Land and Sea (the “Italian Ministry of the Environment”), sought compensation from SNIA in an aggregate amount of approximately $4 billion for remediation costs relating to the environmental damage at chemical sites previously operated by SNIA’s other subsidiaries. In September 2011 and July 2014, the Bankruptcy Court of Udine and the Bankruptcy Court of Milan held (in proceedings to which we were not parties) that the Italian Ministry of the Environment and other Italian government agencies (the “Public Administrations”) were not creditors of either SNIA or its subsidiaries in connection with their claims in the Italian insolvency proceedings. The Public Administrations appealed and in January 2016, the Court of Udine rejected the appeal. The Public Administrations appealed that decision to the Supreme Court. In addition, the Bankruptcy Court of Milan’s decision has been appealed. In January 2012, SNIA filed a civil action against Sorin in the Civil Court of Milan asserting joint liability of a parent and a spun-off company; the Public Administrations entered voluntarily into the proceeding, asking Sorin, as jointly liable with SNIA, to pay compensation for SNIA’s environmental damages. On April 1, 2016, the Court of Milan dismissed all legal actions of SNIA and of the Public Administrations further requiring the Public Administrations to pay Sorin approximately €292,000 (approximately $331,000 as of December 31, 2021) for legal fees. The Public Administrations appealed the 2016 Decision to the Court of Appeal of Milan. On March 5, 2019, the Court of Appeal issued a partial decision on the merits declaring Sorin/LivaNova jointly liable with SNIA for SNIA’s environmental liabilities in an amount up to the fair value of the net worth received by Sorin because of the Sorin spin-off, an estimated €572.1 million (approximately $649.1 million as of December 31, 2021). We appealed the partial decision on liability to the Italian Supreme Court in August 2019. In November 2021, the Court of Appeal delivered the remainder of its decision, ordering LivaNova to pay damages of approximately €453.6 million (approximately $514.6 million as of December 31, 2021). We appealed the decision on damages in December 2021, and in early 2022, the Italian Supreme Court agreed to combine the appeals on liability and damages. On February 21, 2022, the Court of Appeal notified the Company that it granted the Company a suspension with respect to the payment of damages until a decision has been reached on the appeal to the Italian Supreme Court. This suspension is subject to providing a first demand bank surety of €270.0 million (approximately U.S. $306.2 million) within 30 calendar days. On February 24, 2022, LivaNova PLC and its wholly-owned subsidiary, LivaNova USA, Inc. entered into an Incremental Facility Amendment No. 1 to the First Lien Credit Agreement with Goldman Sachs Bank USA, relating to a €200 million bridge loan facility. The proceeds may be used to secure the first demand bank surety of €270.0 million or, alternatively, for payment of court ordered damages or settlements (including interest, expenses and charges in connection therewith) in the event of a negative decision by the Italian Supreme Court. In 2011, Caffaro, a former SNIA subsidiary, sold its Brescia chemical business to Caffaro Brescia, a third party belonging to the Todisco group, and as part of the acquisition, Caffaro Brescia agreed to secure hydraulic barriers at the site and maintain existing environmental security measures. In September 2020, Caffaro Brescia declared it was withdrawing from its agreement to maintain the environmental measures. In January 2021, we (in addition to Caffaro Brescia, and other non-LivaNova entities) received an administrative order (“Order”) from the Italian Ministry of the Environment requiring us to ensure the maintenance of the environmental measures and to guarantee that such works remain fully operational, the annual management and maintenance for which is estimated at approximately €1 million per year. LivaNova’s receipt of the Order appears to be based on the aforementioned Court of Appeals decision regarding our alleged joint liability with SNIA for SNIA’s environmental liabilities. Our response, dated February 16, 2021, disputes the grounds upon which the Order is based. We also appealed the Order in the Administrative Court in Brescia. We have not recognized a liability in connection with these related matters because any potential loss is not currently probable. Patent Litigation On May 11, 2018, Neuro and Cardiac Technologies LLC (“NCT”), a non-practicing entity, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas asserting that the VNS Therapy System, when used with the SenTiva Model 1000 generator, infringes the claims of U.S. Patent No. 7,076,307 owned by NCT. The complaint requests damages that include a royalty, costs, interest, and attorneys’ fees. On September 13, 2018, we petitioned the Patent Trial and Appeal Board of the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “Patent Office”) for an inter partes review (“IPR”) of the validity of the ‘307 patent, and on May 18, 2020, the Patent Office issued a Final Written Decision determining that all challenged claims are unpatentable. On November 16, 2021, the district court dismissed NCT’s compliant with prejudice, which concluded the litigation. Contract Litigation On November 25, 2019, LivaNova received notice of a lawsuit initiated by former members of Caisson Interventional, LLC (“Caisson”), a subsidiary of the Company acquired in 2017. The lawsuit, Todd J. Mortier, as Member Representative of the former Members of Caisson Interventional, LLC v. LivaNova USA, Inc., is currently pending in the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota. The complaint alleges (i) breach of contract, (ii) breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing and (iii) unjust enrichment in connection with the Company’s operation of Caisson’s Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (“TMVR”) program and the Company’s November 20, 2019 announcement that it was ending the TMVR program at the end of 2019. The lawsuit seeks damages arising out of the 2017 acquisition agreement, including various regulatory milestone payments. We intend to vigorously defend this claim. The Company has not recognized a liability related to this matter because any potential loss is not currently probable or reasonably estimable. Other Matters Additionally, we are the subject of various pending or threatened legal actions and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes that are not predictable and that may not be known for extended periods of time. Since the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, the costs associated with them could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated net income, financial position or liquidity.

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