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Organization and Summary of Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Organization and Summary of Accounting Policies | Organization and Summary of Accounting Policies Organization Surgery Partners, Inc., a Delaware corporation, acting through its subsidiaries, owns and operates a national network of surgical facilities and ancillary services. The surgical facilities, which include ambulatory surgery centers ("ASCs") and surgical hospitals, primarily provide non-emergency surgical procedures across many specialties, including, among others, orthopedics and pain management, gastroenterology, ophthalmology, and general surgery. The Company's surgical hospitals also provide services such as diagnostic imaging, laboratory, oncology, pharmacy, physical therapy and wound care. Ancillary services are comprised of multi-specialty physician practices, urgent care facilities and anesthesia services. Unless the context otherwise indicates, Surgery Partners, Inc. and its subsidiaries are referred to herein as "Surgery Partners," "we," "us," "our" or the "Company." As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned or operated a portfolio of 162 surgical facilities, comprised of 144 ASCs and 18 surgical hospitals in 33 states. The Company owns these facilities in partnership with physicians and, in some cases, health care systems in the markets and communities it serves. The Company owned a majority interest in 90 of these surgical facilities and consolidated 123 surgical facilities for financial reporting purposes. Basis of Presentation The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and footnotes. Examples include, but are not limited to, estimates of accounts receivable allowances, professional and general liabilities and the estimate of deferred tax assets or liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as interests in partnerships and limited liability companies controlled by the Company through its ownership of a majority voting interest or other rights granted to the Company by contract to manage and control the affiliate's business. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Revenues The Company's revenues generally relate to contracts with patients in which the performance obligations are to provide health care services. The Company recognizes revenues in the period in which its obligations to provide health care services are satisfied and reports the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive. The contractual relationships with patients, in most cases, also involve a third-party payor (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance organizations, including plans offered through the health insurance exchanges) and the transaction prices for the services provided are dependent upon the terms provided by or negotiated with the third-party payors. The payment arrangements with third-party payors for the services provided to the related patients typically specify payments at amounts less than the Company's standard charges. The Company continually reviews the contractual estimation process to consider and incorporate updates to laws and regulations and the frequent changes in managed care contractual terms resulting from contract renegotiations and renewals. The following table presents a summary of revenues by service type as a percentage of total revenues:
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Patient service revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |
Surgical facilities revenues |  | 96.0 | % |  | 95.8 | % |  | 95.7 | %
Ancillary services revenues |  | 2.4 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 3.0 | %
Total patient service revenues |  | 98.4 | % |  | 98.5 | % |  | 98.7 | %
Other service revenues |  | 1.6 | % |  | 1.5 | % |  | 1.3 | %
Total revenues |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Patient service revenues. This revenue is related to charging facility fees in exchange for providing patient care. The fee charged for health care procedures performed in surgical facilities varies depending on the type of service provided, but usually includes all charges for usage of an operating room, a recovery room, special equipment, medical supplies, nursing staff and medications. The fee does not normally include professional fees charged by the patient’s surgeon, anesthesiologist or other attending physician, which are billed directly by such physicians to the patient or third-party payor. However, in several surgical facilities, the Company charges for anesthesia services. Ancillary service revenues include fees for patient visits to the Company's physician practices, pharmacy services and diagnostic tests ordered by physicians. Patient service revenues are recognized as performance obligations are satisfied. Performance obligations are based on the nature of services provided. Typically, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time in which services are rendered and the Company has no obligation to provide further patient services. As the Company primarily performs outpatient procedures, performance obligations are generally satisfied same day and revenue is recognized on the date of service. The Company determines the transaction price based on gross charges for services provided, net of estimated contractual adjustments and discounts from third-party payors. The Company estimates its contractual adjustments and discounts based on contractual agreements, its discount policies and historical experience. Changes in estimated contractual adjustments and discounts are recorded in the period of change. Currently, several states utilize supplemental Medicaid reimbursement programs for the purpose of providing reimbursement to providers to increase base rates to the levels that Medicare would have paid for the same service or for payments that offsets a portion of the cost of providing care to Medicaid and indigent patients. These programs are designed with input from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) and are funded with a combination of state and federal resources, including, in certain instances, fees or taxes levied on the providers. We account for payments under these supplemental programs as variable consideration and estimate the amount using the most likely amount method. The Company recognizes this variable consideration only when it is deemed probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when uncertainties associated with the variable consideration are resolved. The Company reassess its variable consideration related to these supplemental reimbursement programs when new information becomes available, such as when there are program changes or receipt of final payments. Reimbursement under these programs, including the recognition of variable consideration, is reflected in patient service revenues. Taxes or other program-related costs are reflected in other operating expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the State of Idaho revised its calculation of the Upper Payer Limit ("UPL") Gap. In connection with this revision, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized revenue and the corresponding provider tax of $17.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively, based on notification received from the State of Idaho related to the cost report year ended December 31, 2021, which reflected the revision in calculation of the UPL Gap. Since the UPL program is an ongoing program in the State of Idaho and the revised calculation has been approved by CMS for the current and future periods, during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized variable consideration and the corresponding provider tax of $34.4 million and $10.4 million, respectively, for the cost report years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has recorded amounts due from third-party payors related to these supplemental reimbursement programs of $17.2 million, included in other current assets and $17.2 million, included in other long-term assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has recorded amounts due to third-party payors related to these supplemental reimbursement programs of $5.2 million, included in other current liabilities and $5.2 million included in other long-term liabilities. There were no amounts recorded as of December 31, 2022, related to these supplemental reimbursement programs. Other service revenues. Other service revenues include management and administrative service fees derived from the non-consolidated facilities that the Company accounts for under the equity method, management of surgical facilities in which it does not own an interest, and management services provided to physician practices for which the Company is not required to provide capital or additional assets and other non-patient services. The management agreements typically require the Company to provide recurring management services over a multi-year period, which are billed and collected on a monthly basis. The fees derived from these management arrangements are based on a predetermined percentage of the revenues of each facility or practice and are recognized in the period in which management services are rendered and billed. The following table sets forth patient service revenues by type of payor and as a percentage of total patient service revenues for the Company's consolidated surgical facilities (dollars in millions):
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
|  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | %
Patient service revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private insurance |  | $ | 1,418.6 |  |  | 52.5 | % |  | $ | 1,288.0 |  |  | 51.5 | % |  | $ | 1,110.1 |  |  | 50.6 | %
Government |  | 1,128.1 |  |  | 41.8 | % |  | 1,059.2 |  |  | 42.3 | % |  | 949.9 |  |  | 43.3 | %
Self-pay |  | 68.1 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  | 65.9 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | 61.1 |  |  | 2.8 | %
Other (1) |  | 85.6 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | 89.0 |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | 73.9 |  |  | 3.3 | %
Total patient service revenues |  | 2,700.4 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 2,502.1 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 2,195.0 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Other service revenues (2) |  | 42.9 |  |  |  |  | 37.2 |  |  |  |  | 30.1 |  |  |
Total revenues |  | $ | 2,743.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,539.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,225.1 |  |  |
(1)Other is comprised of anesthesia service agreements, automobile liability, letters of protection and other payor types. (2)Includes amounts attributable to related parties of $18.4 million, $15.7 million and $9.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable from third-party payors are recorded net of estimated implicit price concessions, which are estimated based on the historical trend of the Company's surgical hospitals’ cash collections and contractual write-offs, and for the Company's surgical facilities in general, established fee schedules, relationships with payors and procedure statistics. While changes in estimated reimbursement from third-party payors remain a possibility, the Company expects that any such changes would be minimal and, therefore, would not have a material effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Accounts receivable consists of receivables from federal and state agencies (under the Medicare and Medicaid programs), private insurance organizations, employers and patients. Management recognizes that revenues and receivables from government agencies are significant to the Company's operations, but it does not believe that there is significant credit risk associated with these government agencies. Concentration of credit risk with respect to other payors is limited because of the large number of such payors. The Company recognizes that final reimbursement of accounts receivable is subject to final approval by each third-party payor. However, because the Company has contracts with its third-party payors and also verifies insurance coverage of the patient before medical services are rendered, the amounts that are pending approval from third-party payors are not considered significant. Amounts are classified outside of self-pay if the Company has an agreement with the third-party payor or has verified a patient’s coverage prior to services rendered. The Company's policy is to collect co-payments and deductibles prior to providing medical services. Patient services of the Company are primarily non-emergency, which allows the surgical facilities to control the procedures for which third-party reimbursement is sought and obtained. The Company does not require collateral from self-pay patients. The Company's collection policies and procedures are based on the type of payor, size of claim and estimated collection percentage for each patient account. The Company analyzes accounts receivable at each of its surgical facilities to ensure the proper collection and aged category. Collection efforts include direct contact with third-party payors or patients, written correspondence and the use of legal or collection agency assistance, as required. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets when impairment indicators are present or when circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. The evaluation is performed at the lowest level of identifiable cash flow. The Company performs an impairment test by preparing an expected undiscounted cash flow projection. If the projection indicates that the recorded amount of the long-lived asset is not expected to be recovered, the carrying value is reduced to estimated fair value. The cash flow projection and fair value represents management’s best estimate, using appropriate and customary assumptions, projections and methodologies, at the date of evaluation. For discussion on impairment for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, refer to Note 4. "Goodwill and Intangible Assets." Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value and any financing elements treated as debt instruments are recorded at amortized cost. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Company may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Company elects not to apply hedge accounting. The Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. Non-Controlling Interests The physician limited partners and physician minority members of the entities that the Company controls are responsible for the supervision and delivery of medical services. The governance rights of limited partners and minority members are restricted to those that protect their financial interests. Under certain partnership and operating agreements governing these partnerships and limited liability companies, the Company could be removed as the sole general partner or managing member for certain events such as material breach of the partnership or operating agreement, gross negligence or bankruptcy. These protective rights do not preclude consolidation of the respective partnerships and limited liability companies. Ownership interests in consolidated subsidiaries held by parties other than the Company are identified and generally presented in the consolidated financial statements within the equity section but separate from the Company's equity. However, in instances in which certain redemption features that are not solely within the control of the Company are present, classification of non-controlling interests outside of permanent equity is required. Consolidated net income attributable to the Company and to the non-controlling interests are identified and presented on the consolidated statements of operations; changes in ownership interests in which the Company retains a controlling interest are accounted for as equity transactions assuming the Company continues to consolidate related entities. Certain transactions with non-controlling interests are classified within financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The consolidated financial statements of the Company include all assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of surgical facilities in which the Company has sufficient ownership and rights to allow the Company to consolidate the surgical facilities. Similar to its investments in non-consolidated affiliates, the Company regularly engages in the purchase and sale of ownership interests with respect to its consolidated subsidiaries that do not result in a change of control. Non-Controlling Interests — Redeemable. Each partnership and limited liability company through which the Company owns and operates its surgical facilities is governed by a partnership or operating agreement, respectively. In certain circumstances, the applicable partnership or operating agreements for the Company's surgical facilities provide that the facilities will purchase all of the physician limited partners’ or physician minority members’, as applicable, ownership if certain adverse regulatory events occur, such as it becoming illegal for the physician(s) to own an interest in a surgical facility, refer patients to a surgical facility or receive cash distributions from a surgical facility. The Company believes the likelihood of an event occurring that would trigger such purchases was remote as of December 31, 2023. The non-controlling interests—redeemable are reported outside of stockholders' equity in the consolidated balance sheets. A summary of activity related to redeemable non-controlling interests for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (in millions):
|  | December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 342.0 |  |  | $ | 330.2 |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests—redeemable |  | 37.8 |  |  | 44.5 |
Acquisition and disposal of shares of non-controlling interests, net—redeemable |  | (9.3) |  |  | 10.4 |
Distributions to non-controlling interest —redeemable holders |  | (43.1) |  |  | (43.1) |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 327.4 |  |  | $ | 342.0 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with remaining stated maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalent balances at high credit quality financial institutions. Inventories Inventories, which consist primarily of medical and drug supplies, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates Investments in unconsolidated affiliates in which the Company exerts significant influence but does not control or otherwise consolidate are accounted for using the equity method. Equity method investments are initially recorded at cost, unless there is a deconsolidation where the investments are a result of the Company no longer having control of a previously controlled entity but still retaining a non-controlling interest. The Company had two such deconsolidations during the year ended December 31, 2022 but none during the year ended December 31, 2023. These investments are included as investments in and advances to affiliates in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s share of the profits and losses from these investments is reported in income from equity investments in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company monitors its investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors such as current economic and market conditions and the operating performance of the investees and records reductions in carrying values when necessary. Medicare Accelerated Payments and Deferred Governmental Grants The Company received grant funds distributed under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and other governmental assistance programs. The recognition of amounts received is conditioned upon attestation with terms and conditions that funds were used for COVID-19 related healthcare expenses or lost revenues. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized grant funds as a reduction in operating expenses in the amount of $1.1 million, $2.4 million and $37.9 million, respectively. There were no remaining unrecognized grant funds as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, approximately $3 million of unrecognized grant funds received were reflected as a component of other current liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company previously received accelerated payments under the Medicare Accelerated and Advance Payment Program. The payments received were deferred and included in the consolidated balance sheets. There were no remaining deferred accelerated payments as of December 31, 2023, and remaining deferred accelerated payments were minimal as of December 31, 2022. During each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately $60 million was repaid in accordance with the terms of the program. These repayments are included as a component of the change in Medicare accelerated payments and deferred government grants in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability. The Company uses fair value measurements based on inputs classified into the following hierarchy: •Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. •Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These may include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. •Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, depending on the nature of the item being valued. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values under Level 3 calculations. A summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company's long-term debt follows (in millions):
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | December 31, |  | December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Senior secured term loan |  | $ | 1,398.4 |  |  | $ | 1,370.0 |  |  | $ | 1,401.9 |  |  | $ | 1,359.7 |
6.750% senior unsecured notes due 2025 |  | $ | 185.0 |  |  | $ | 185.0 |  |  | $ | 183.2 |  |  | $ | 183.4 |
10.000% senior unsecured notes due 2027 |  | $ | 320.0 |  |  | $ | 320.0 |  |  | $ | 321.2 |  |  | $ | 326.8 |
The fair values in the table above were based on Level 2 inputs using quoted prices for identical liabilities in inactive markets. The carrying amounts related to the Company's other long-term debt obligations, including finance lease obligations, approximate their fair values based on Level 3 inputs. Variable Interest Entities The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of variable interest entities ("VIE") in which the Company is the primary beneficiary under the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification 810, "Consolidation". The Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact a VIE's economic performance. Additionally, the Company would absorb the majority of the expected losses from any of these entities should such expected losses occur. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's consolidated VIEs consisted of seven surgical facilities and five physician practices. The total assets (excluding goodwill and intangible assets, net) of the consolidated VIEs included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $65.3 million and $64.9 million, respectively, and the total liabilities of the consolidated VIEs were $41.2 million and $40.9 million, respectively. Professional and General and Workers' Compensation Insurance The Company maintains general liability and professional liability insurance in excess of self-insured retentions through third party commercial insurance carriers in amounts that management believes is sufficient for the Company's operations, although, potentially, some claims may exceed the scope of coverage in effect. The professional liability insurance coverage is on a claims-made basis and the general liability insurance is on an occurrence basis. The Company also maintains workers' compensation insurance, subject to a self-insured retention. The Company expenses the costs under the self-insured retention exposure for general and professional liability and workers' compensation claims which relate to (i) claims made during the policy period, which are offset by insurance recoveries and (ii) an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported that are expected to be reported after the policy period expires. Reserves and provisions are based upon actuarially determined estimates using individual case-basis valuations and actuarial analysis. Reserves for professional, general and workers' compensation claim liabilities are determined with no regard for expected insurance recoveries and are presented gross on the consolidated balance sheets. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires enhanced disclosures of significant segment expenses. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in this ASU must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which establishes new requirements for the categorization and disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation as well as for disaggregation of income taxes paid. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2025. The amendments in this ASU may be applied prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

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