Derivatives

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

14. Derivatives

The Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange risk resulting from fluctuations in exchange rates, including the euro, and, to a lesser degree, the British pound, the Canadian dollar, and other currencies, related to forecasted revenues and settlement assets and obligations, as well as on certain foreign currency denominated cash and other asset and liability positions. Additionally, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk related to changes in market rates both prior to and subsequent to the issuance of debt. The Company uses derivatives to minimize its exposures related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

The Company executes derivatives with established financial institutions; the substantial majority of these financial institutions have a credit rating of “A-” or higher from a major credit rating agency. The primary credit risk inherent in derivative agreements represents the possibility that a loss may occur from the nonperformance of a counterparty to the agreements. The Company performs a review of the credit risk of these counterparties at the inception of the contract and on an ongoing basis, while also monitoring the concentration of its contracts with any individual counterparty. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the agreements but would take action if doubt arose about the counterparties’ ability to perform. These actions could include the possible termination of the related contracts. The Company’s hedged foreign currency exposures are in liquid currencies; consequently, there is minimal risk that appropriate derivatives to maintain the hedging program would not be available in the future.

Foreign Currency Derivatives

The Company’s policy is to use longer duration foreign currency forward contracts, with maturities of up to 36 months at inception and a targeted weighted-average maturity of approximately one year, to help mitigate some of the risk that changes in foreign currency exchange rates compared to the United States dollar could have on forecasted revenues denominated in other currencies related to its business. As of December 31, 2023, these foreign currency forward contracts had maturities of a maximum of 24 months with a weighted-average maturity of approximately one year. These contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges of forecasted revenue, with effectiveness assessed based on changes in the spot rate of the affected currencies during the period of designation and thus time value is excluded from the assessment of effectiveness. The initial value of the excluded components is amortized into Revenues within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company also uses short duration foreign currency forward contracts, generally with maturities ranging from a few days to one month, to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuations on settlement assets and obligations between initiation and settlement. In addition, forward contracts, typically with maturities of less than one year at inception, are utilized to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated cash and other asset and liability positions. None of these contracts are designated as accounting hedges.

The aggregate equivalent United States dollar notional amounts of foreign currency forward contracts as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in millions):


	December 31, 2023
Contracts designated as hedges:
Euro	$	227.0
Canadian dollar		97.9
British pound		56.9
Australian dollar		46.5
Swiss franc		37.4
Other(a)		40.3
Contracts not designated as hedges:
Euro	$	597.9
British pound		174.9
Mexican peso		168.1
Australian dollar		79.9
Canadian dollar		77.2
Indian rupee		55.3
Philippine peso		38.0
Brazilian real		31.4
Chinese yuan		30.0
Japanese yen		29.2
Singapore dollar		27.5
Other(a)		146.2


	December 31, 2022
Contracts designated as hedges:
Euro	$	321.6
Canadian dollar		117.3
Australian dollar		53.2
Swiss franc		40.4
British pound		40.4
Swedish krona		25.8
Other(a)		22.1
Contracts not designated as hedges:
Euro	$	603.2
Mexican peso		132.9
British pound		115.1
Indian rupee		52.6
Australian dollar		48.7
Canadian dollar		32.2
Japanese yen		30.5
Chinese yuan		30.1
Swiss franc		28.3
Swedish krona		26.7
Philippine peso		26.2
Other(a)		137.0

(a)

Comprised of exposures to various currencies; none of these individual currency exposures is greater than $25 million.

Business Solutions Operations

On August 4, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement to sell its Business Solutions business to Goldfinch Partners LLC and The Baupost Group LLC, and the final closing for this transaction occurred on July 1, 2023. See Note 4 for further information regarding this transaction. Prior to the final closing, the Company wrote derivatives, primarily foreign currency forward contracts and option contracts, mostly with small and medium size enterprises and derived a currency spread from this activity as part of its Business Solutions operations. The Company aggregated its Business Solutions foreign currency exposures arising from customer contracts, including the derivative contracts described above, and hedged the resulting net currency risks by entering into offsetting contracts with Convera through the final closing of the Business Solutions divestiture. The derivatives written were part of the broader portfolio of foreign currency positions arising from the Company’s cross-currency payments operations, which primarily included spot exchanges of currency, in addition to forwards and options. Foreign exchange revenues from the total portfolio of positions were $27.8 million, $177.4 million, and $366.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and were included in Revenues in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. None of the derivative contracts used in Business Solutions operations were designated as accounting hedges.

The aggregate equivalent United States dollar notional amount of derivative customer contracts held by the Company in its Business Solutions operations was approximately $3.0 billion as of December 31, 2022.

Balance Sheet

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivatives reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in millions):


	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
		Fair Value					Fair Value
	Balance Sheet	December 31,		December 31,		Balance Sheet	December 31,		December 31,
	Location	2023		2022		Location	2023		2022
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Foreign currency cash flow hedges	Other assets	$	8.5	$	35.2	Other liabilities	$	13.2	$	4.7
Total derivatives designated as hedges		$	8.5	$	35.2		$	13.2	$	4.7
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Business Solutions operations - foreign currency	Assets held for sale	$	—	$	88.6	Liabilities associated with assets held for sale	$	—	$	89.5
Foreign currency	Other assets		2.3		2.3	Other liabilities		4.2		4.7
Total derivatives not designated as hedges		$	2.3	$	90.9		$	4.2	$	94.2
Total derivatives		$	10.8	$	126.1		$	17.4	$	98.9

The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities associated with contracts that include netting language that the Company believes to be enforceable have been netted in the following tables to present the Company’s net exposure with these counterparties. The Company’s rights under these agreements generally allow for transactions to be settled on a net basis, including upon early termination, which could occur upon the counterparty’s default, a change in control, or other conditions.

In addition, certain of the Company’s other agreements include netting provisions, the enforceability of which may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, depending on the circumstances. Due to the uncertainty related to the enforceability of these provisions, the derivative balances associated with these agreements are included within “Derivatives that are not or may not be subject to master netting arrangement or similar agreement” in the following tables. In certain circumstances, the Company had required its Business Solutions customers to maintain collateral balances to mitigate the risk associated with potential customer defaults.

The following tables summarize the gross and net fair value of derivative assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in millions):

Offsetting of Derivative Assets


	Gross		Gross		Net Amounts		Derivatives
	Amounts of		Amounts Offset		Presented		Not Offset
	Recognized		in the Consolidated		in the Consolidated		in the Consolidated			Net
December 31, 2023	Assets		Balance Sheets		Balance Sheets		Balance Sheets			Amounts
Derivatives subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement	$	7.4	$	—	$	7.4	$	(7.3	)	$	0.1
Derivatives that are not or may not be subject to master netting arrangement or similar agreement		3.4
Total	$	10.8

December 31, 2022
Derivatives subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement	$	55.8	$	—	$	55.8	$	(26.3	)	$	29.5
Derivatives that are not or may not be subject to master netting arrangement or similar agreement		70.3
Total	$	126.1

Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities


	Gross		Gross		Net Amounts		Derivatives
	Amounts of		Amounts Offset		Presented		Not Offset
	Recognized		in the Consolidated		in the Consolidated		in the Consolidated			Net
December 31, 2023	Liabilities		Balance Sheets		Balance Sheets		Balance Sheets			Amounts
Derivatives subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement	$	14.1	$	—	$	14.1	$	(7.3	)	$	6.8
Derivatives that are not or may not be subject to master netting arrangement or similar agreement		3.3
Total	$	17.4

December 31, 2022
Derivatives subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement	$	77.8	$	—	$	77.8	$	(26.3	)	$	51.5
Derivatives that are not or may not be subject to master netting arrangement or similar agreement		21.1
Total	$	98.9

Income Statement

Cash Flow Hedges

The effective portion of the change in fair value of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in AOCL in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Generally, amounts are recognized in income when the related forecasted transaction affects earnings.

The following table presents the pre-tax amount of unrealized gains/(losses) recognized in other comprehensive income from cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in millions):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022		2021
Foreign currency derivatives(a)	$	(12.1	)	$	49.5	$	39.5
Interest rate derivatives		—			—		3.4

(a)

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, gains/(losses) of $2.5 million, ($1.8) million, and ($2.4) million, respectively, represent amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and recognized in other comprehensive income, for which an amortization approach is applied.

The following table presents the location and amounts of pre-tax net gains/(losses) from cash flow hedging relationships recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in millions):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023					2022					2021
																	Other
			Interest					Interest						Interest			Expense,
	Revenues		Expense			Revenues		Expense			Revenues			Expense			net
Total amounts presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded	$	4,357.0	$	(105.3	)	$	4,475.5	$	(101.0	)	$	5,070.8		$	(105.5	)	$	(21.7	)
Gain/(loss) on cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency derivatives:
Gains/(losses) reclassified from AOCL into earnings		23.9		—			47.7		—			(7.6	)		—			—
Amount excluded from effectiveness testing recognized in earnings based on an amortization approach		6.6		—			5.6		—			6.1			—			—
Interest rate derivatives:
Gains/(losses) reclassified from AOCL into earnings		—		0.1			—		—			—			(0.6	)		0.7

Undesignated Hedges

The following table presents the location and amount of pre-tax net gains from undesignated hedges in the Consolidated Statements of Income on derivatives for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in millions):


		Year Ended December 31,
Derivatives(a)	Location	2023		2022		2021
Foreign currency derivatives(b)	Selling, general, and administrative	$	18.0	$	66.5	$	52.0

(a)

The Company used foreign currency forward and option contracts as part of its Business Solutions payments operations. These derivative contracts are excluded from this table as they were managed as part of a broader currency portfolio that included non-derivative currency exposures. The gains and losses on these derivatives are included as part of the broader disclosure of portfolio revenue for this business discussed above.

(b)

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuations on settlement assets and obligations, as well as certain foreign currency denominated positions. Foreign exchange losses on settlement assets and obligations, cash balances, and other assets and liabilities, not including amounts related to derivative activity as displayed above, and included in Selling, general, and administrative in the Consolidated Statements of Income, were $2.6 million, $62.2 million, and $56.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

All cash flows associated with derivatives are included in Cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Based on December 31, 2023 foreign exchange rates, an accumulated other comprehensive pre-tax loss of $6.6 million related to the foreign currency forward contracts is expected to be reclassified into Revenues within the next 12 months.