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Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements  
Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]
NOTE
4:
          LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
 
At
December
31,
2016,
the Company’s gross loan portfolio was
$5.63
billion, compared to
$4.92
billion at
December
31,
2015.
  The various categories of loans are summarized as follows:
 
(In thousands)   2016   2015
         
Consumer:                
Credit cards   $
184,591
    $
177,288
 
Other consumer    
303,972
     
208,380
 
Total consumer    
488,563
     
385,668
 
Real estate:                
Construction    
336,759
     
279,740
 
Single family residential    
904,245
     
696,180
 
Other commercial    
1,787,075
     
1,229,072
 
Total real estate    
3,028,079
     
2,204,992
 
Commercial:                
Commercial    
639,525
     
500,116
 
Agricultural    
150,378
     
148,563
 
Total commercial    
789,903
     
648,679
 
Other    
20,662
     
7,115
 
Loans    
4,327,207
     
3,246,454
 
Loans acquired, net of discount and allowance
(1)
   
1,305,683
     
1,672,901
 
                 
Total loans   $
5,632,890
    $
4,919,355
 
__________________________________
(1)
See Note
5,
Loans Acquired, for segregation of loans acquired by loan class.
 
Loan Origination/Risk Management
– The Company seeks to manage its credit risk by diversifying its loan portfolio, determining that borrowers have adequate sources of cash flow for loan repayment without liquidation of collateral; obtaining and monitoring collateral; providing an adequate allowance for loans losses by regularly reviewing loans through the internal loan review process.  The loan portfolio is diversified by borrower, purpose and industry.  The Company seeks to use diversification within the loan portfolio to reduce its credit risk, thereby minimizing the adverse impact on the portfolio, if weaknesses develop in either the economy or a particular segment of borrowers.  Collateral requirements are based on credit assessments of borrowers and
may
be used to recover the debt in case of default.  Furthermore, a factor that influenced the Company’s judgment regarding the allowance for loan losses consists of a
seven
-year historical loss average segregated by each primary loan sector.  On an annual basis, historical loss rates are calculated for each sector.
 
Consumer
– The consumer loan portfolio consists of credit card loans and other consumer loans.  Credit card loans are diversified by geographic region to reduce credit risk and minimize any adverse impact on the portfolio. Although they are regularly reviewed to facilitate the identification and monitoring of creditworthiness, credit card loans are unsecured loans, making them more susceptible to be impacted by economic downturns resulting in increasing unemployment.  Other consumer loans include direct and indirect installment loans and overdrafts.  Loans in this portfolio segment are sensitive to unemployment and other key consumer economic measures.
 
Real estate
– The real estate loan portfolio consists of construction loans, single family residential loans and commercial loans.  Construction and development loans (“C&D”) and commercial real estate loans (“CRE”) can be particularly sensitive to valuation of real estate.  Commercial real estate cycles are inevitable.  The long planning and production process for new properties and rapid shifts in business conditions and employment create an inherent
tension
between supply and demand for commercial properties.  While general economic trends often move individual markets in the same direction over time, the timing and magnitude of changes are determined by other forces unique to each market.  CRE cycles
tend
to be local in nature and longer than other credit cycles.  Factors influencing the CRE market are traditionally different from those affecting residential real estate markets; thereby making predictions for
one
market based on the other difficult.  Additionally, submarkets within commercial real estate – such as office, industrial, apartment, retail and hotel – also experience different cycles, providing an opportunity to lower the overall risk through diversification across types of CRE loans.  Management realizes that local demand and supply conditions will also mean that different geographic areas will experience cycles of different amplitude and length.  The Company monitors these loans closely. 
 
 
84
 
 
 
Commercial
– The commercial loan portfolio includes commercial and agricultural loans, representing loans to commercial customers and farmers for use in normal business or farming operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchase or other expansion projects.  Collection risk in this portfolio is driven by the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, particularly cash flow from customers’ business or farming operations.  The Company continues its efforts to keep loan terms short, reducing the negative impact of upward movement in interest rates.  Term loans are generally set up with
one
or
three
year balloons, and the Company has instituted a pricing mechanism for commercial loans.  It is standard practice to require personal guaranties on all commercial loans, particularly as they relate to closely-held or limited liability entities.
 
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
– Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due.  Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower
may
be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions.  Loans
may
be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due.  When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
 
Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans acquired, at
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
segregated by class of loans, are as follows:
 
(In thousands)   2016   2015
         
Consumer:                
Credit cards   $
373
    $
212
 
Other consumer    
1,793
     
442
 
Total consumer    
2,166
     
654
 
Real estate:                
Construction    
3,411
     
4,955
 
Single family residential    
12,139
     
5,453
 
Other commercial    
12,385
     
4,420
 
Total real estate    
27,935
     
14,828
 
Commercial:                
Commercial    
7,765
     
1,968
 
Agricultural    
1,238
     
264
 
Total commercial    
9,003
     
2,232
 
                 
Total   $
39,104
    $
17,714
 
 
 
85
 
 
 
An age analysis of past due loans, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, is as follows:
 
(In thousands)   Gross
30-89 Days
Past Due
  90 Days
or More
Past Due
  Total
Past Due
  Current   Total
Loans
  90 Days
Past Due &
Accruing
                         
December 31, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Credit cards   $
716
    $
275
    $
991
    $
183,600
    $
184,591
    $
275
 
Other consumer    
3,786
     
1,027
     
4,813
     
299,159
     
303,972
     
11
 
Total consumer    
4,502
     
1,302
     
5,804
     
482,759
     
488,563
     
286
 
Real estate:                                                
Construction    
1,420
     
1,246
     
2,666
     
334,093
     
336,759
     
--
 
Single family residential    
6,310
     
5,927
     
12,237
     
892,008
     
904,245
     
14
 
Other commercial    
4,212
     
6,722
     
10,934
     
1,776,141
     
1,787,075
     
--
 
Total real estate    
11,942
     
13,895
     
25,837
     
3,002,242
     
3,028,079
     
14
 
Commercial:                                                
Commercial    
2,040
     
5,296
     
7,336
     
632,189
     
639,525
     
--
 
Agricultural    
121
     
1,215
     
1,336
     
149,042
     
150,378
     
--
 
Total commercial    
2,161
     
6,511
     
8,672
     
781,231
     
789,903
     
--
 
Other    
--
     
--
     
--
     
20,662
     
20,662
     
--
 
                                                 
Total   $
18,605
    $
21,708
    $
40,313
    $
4,286,894
    $
4,327,207
    $
300
 
                                                 
December 31, 2015                                                
Consumer:                                                
Credit cards   $
639
    $
479
    $
1,118
    $
176,170
    $
177,288
    $
267
 
Other consumer    
1,879
     
648
     
2,527
     
205,853
     
208,380
     
374
 
Total consumer    
2,518
     
1,127
     
3,645
     
382,023
     
385,668
     
641
 
Real estate:                                                
Construction    
1,328
     
4,511
     
5,839
     
273,901
     
279,740
     
--
 
Single family residential    
4,856
     
3,342
     
8,198
     
687,982
     
696,180
     
364
 
Other commercial    
869
     
3,302
     
4,171
     
1,224,901
     
1,229,072
     
25
 
Total real estate    
7,053
     
11,155
     
18,208
     
2,186,784
     
2,204,992
     
389
 
Commercial:                                                
Commercial    
3,427
     
637
     
4,064
     
496,052
     
500,116
     
90
 
Agricultural    
285
     
243
     
528
     
148,035
     
148,563
     
56
 
Total commercial    
3,712
     
880
     
4,592
     
644,087
     
648,679
     
146
 
Other    
108
     
93
     
201
     
6,914
     
7,115
     
15
 
                                                 
Total   $
13,391
    $
13,255
    $
26,646
    $
3,219,808
    $
3,246,454
    $
1,191
 
 
Impaired Loans
– A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not receive all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loans, including scheduled principal and interest payments.  This includes loans that are delinquent
90
days or more, nonaccrual loans and certain other loans identified by management.  Certain other loans identified by management consist of performing loans with specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans are carried at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  
 
Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans.  Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged-off when deemed uncollectible.
 
 
86
 
 
 
Impaired loans, net of government guarantees and excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, are as follows:
 
(In thousands)   Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance
  Recorded
Investment
With No
Allowance
  Recorded
Investment
With
Allowance
  Total
Recorded
Investment
  Related
Allowance
  Average
Investment in
Impaired
Loans
  Interest
Income
Recognized
                             
December 31, 2016                                                        
Consumer:                                                        
Credit cards   $
373
    $
373
    $
--
    $
373
    $
--
    $
346
    $
20
 
Other consumer    
1,836
     
1,797
     
3
     
1,800
     
1
     
1,066
     
47
 
Total consumer    
2,209
     
2,170
     
3
     
2,173
     
1
     
1,412
     
67
 
Real estate:                                                        
Construction    
4,275
     
1,038
     
2,374
     
3,412
     
156
     
4,436
     
196
 
Single family residential    
12,970
     
10,630
     
1,753
     
12,383
     
162
     
9,486
     
419
 
Other commercial    
20,993
     
6,891
     
7,315
     
14,206
     
99
     
14,932
     
659
 
Total real estate    
38,238
     
18,559
     
11,442
     
30,001
     
417
     
28,854
     
1,274
 
Commercial:                                                        
Commercial    
11,848
     
2,734
     
7,573
     
10,307
     
262
     
4,666
     
206
 
Agricultural    
2,226
     
1,215
     
--
     
1,215
     
--
     
1,046
     
46
 
Total commercial    
14,074
     
3,949
     
7,573
     
11,522
     
262
     
5,712
     
252
 
                                                         
Total   $
54,521
    $
24,678
    $
19,018
    $
43,696
    $
680
    $
35,978
    $
1,593
 
                                                         
December 31, 2015                                                        
Consumer:                                                        
Credit cards   $
479
    $
479
    $
--
    $
479
    $
7
    $
411
    $
30
 
Other consumer    
459
     
423
     
19
     
442
     
85
     
562
     
40
 
Total consumer    
938
     
902
     
19
     
921
     
92
     
973
     
70
 
Real estate:                                                        
Construction    
5,678
     
1,636
     
3,318
     
4,954
     
441
     
5,417
     
390
 
Single family residential    
5,938
     
4,702
     
945
     
5,647
     
1,034
     
5,148
     
370
 
Other commercial    
5,688
     
4,328
     
88
     
4,416
     
832
     
3,147
     
227
 
Total real estate    
17,304
     
10,666
     
4,351
     
15,017
     
2,307
     
13,712
     
987
 
Commercial:                                                        
Commercial    
2,656
     
1,654
     
334
     
1,988
     
387
     
1,736
     
125
 
Agricultural    
264
     
264
     
--
     
264
     
45
     
254
     
18
 
Total commercial    
2,920
     
1,918
     
334
     
2,252
     
432
     
1,990
     
143
 
                                                         
Total   $
21,162
    $
13,486
    $
4,704
    $
18,190
    $
2,831
    $
16,675
    $
1,200
 
 
At
December
31,
2016,
and
December
31,
2015,
impaired loans, net of government guarantees and excluding loans acquired, totaled
$43.7
 million and
$18.2
million, respectively.  Allocations of the allowance for loan losses relative to impaired loans were
$680,000
and
$2.8
million at
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
respectively.  Approximately
$1.6
 million,
$1.2
million and
$0.8
million of interest income was recognized on average impaired loans of
$36.0
million,
$16.7
million and
$17.5
 million for
2016,
2015
and
2014,
respectively.  Interest recognized on impaired loans on a cash basis during
2016,
2015
and
2014
was not material.
 
Included in certain impaired loan categories are troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”).  When the Company restructures a loan to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider, a “troubled debt restructuring” results and the Company classifies the loan as a TDR.  The Company grants various types of concessions, primarily interest rate reduction and/or payment modifications or extensions, with an occasional forgiveness of principal.
 
Under ASC Topic
310
-
10
-
35
Subsequent Measurement
, a TDR is considered to be impaired, and an impairment analysis must be performed.  The Company assesses the exposure for each modification, either by collateral discounting or by calculation of the present value of future cash flows, and determines if a specific allocation to the allowance for loan losses is needed.
 
Once an obligation has been restructured because of such credit problems, it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full; or, if an obligation yields a market interest rate and no longer has any concession regarding payment amount or amortization, then it is not considered a TDR at the beginning of the calendar year after the year in which the improvement takes place.  The Company returns TDRs to accrual status only if
(1)
all contractual amounts due can reasonably be expected to be repaid within a prudent period, and
(2)
repayment has been in accordance with the contract for a sustained period, typically at least
six
months.
 
 
87
 
 
 
The following table presents a summary of troubled debt restructurings, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans.
 
    Accruing TDR Loans   Nonaccrual TDR Loans   Total TDR Loans
(Dollars in thousands)   Number   Balance   Number   Balance   Number   Balance
                         
December 31, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Other consumer    
--
    $
--
     
1
    $
3
     
1
    $
3
 
Total consumer    
--
     
--
     
1
     
3
     
1
     
3
 
Real estate:                                                
Construction    
--
     
--
     
1
     
18
     
1
     
18
 
Single-family residential    
3
     
167
     
29
     
2,078
     
32
     
2,245
 
Other commercial    
23
     
9,048
     
2
     
780
     
25
     
9,828
 
Total real estate    
26
     
9,215
     
32
     
2,876
     
58
     
12,091
 
Commercial:                                                
Commercial    
15
     
1,783
     
5
     
297
     
20
     
2,080
 
Total commercial    
15
     
1,783
     
5
     
297
     
20
     
2,080
 
Total    
41
    $
10,998
     
38
    $
3,176
     
79
    $
14,174
 
                                                 
December 31, 2015                                                
Consumer:                                                
Other consumer    
--
    $
--
     
1
    $
13
     
1
    $
13
 
Total consumer    
--
     
--
     
1
     
13
     
1
     
13
 
Real estate:                                                
Construction    
--
     
--
     
1
     
253
     
1
     
253
 
Single-family residential    
2
     
137
     
11
     
1,335
     
13
     
1,472
 
Other commercial    
4
     
2,894
     
1
     
597
     
5
     
3,491
 
Total real estate    
6
     
3,031
     
13
     
2,185
     
19
     
5,216
 
Commercial:                                                
Commercial    
--
     
--
     
5
     
332
     
5
     
332
 
Total commercial    
--
     
--
     
5
     
332
     
5
     
332
 
Total    
6
    $
3,031
     
19
    $
2,530
     
25
    $
5,561
 
 
 
88
 
 
 
The following table presents loans that were restructured as TDRs during the years ended
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans.
 
                Modification Type    
(Dollars in thousands)   Number of
Loans
  Balance Prior
to TDR
  Balance at
December 31
  Change in
Maturity
Date
  Change in
Rate
  Financial Impact
on Date of
Restructure
                         
Year Ended December 31, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Other consumer    
2
    $
50
    $
11
    $
11
    $
--
    $
--
 
Total consumer    
2
     
50
     
11
     
11
     
--
     
--
 
Real estate:                                                
Single-family residential    
23
     
1,570
     
1,518
     
964
     
554
     
--
 
Other commercial    
28
     
10,291
     
10,260
     
9,128
     
1,132
     
--
 
Total real estate    
51
     
11,861
     
11,778
     
10,092
     
1,686
     
--
 
Commercial:                                                
Commercial    
17
     
1,996
     
1,968
     
1,968
     
--
     
--
 
Total commercial    
17
     
1,996
     
1,968
     
1,968
     
--
     
--
 
Total    
70
    $
13,907
    $
13,757
    $
12,071
    $
1,686
    $
--
 
                                                 
Year Ended December 31, 2015                                                
Consumer:                                                
Other consumer    
1
    $
13
    $
13
    $
13
    $
--
    $
--
 
Total consumer    
1
     
13
     
13
     
13
     
--
     
--
 
Real estate:                                                
Single-family residential    
11
     
1,179
     
1,103
     
1,103
     
--
     
--
 
Other commercial    
1
     
1,097
     
1,097
     
1,097
     
--
     
--
 
Total real estate    
12
     
2,276
     
2,200
     
2,200
     
--
     
--
 
Commercial:                                                
Commercial    
5
     
347
     
332
     
332
     
--
     
--
 
Total commercial    
5
     
347
     
332
     
332
     
--
     
--
 
Total    
18
    $
2,636
    $
2,545
    $
2,545
    $
--
    $
--
 
 
During year ended
December
31,
2016,
the Company modified
seventy
loans with a total recorded investment of
$13.9
million prior to modification which were deemed troubled debt restructuring. The restructured loans were modified by various terms, including changing the maturity date, deferring amortized principal payments and requiring interest only payments for a period of
12
months. Based on the fair value of the collateral, a specific reserve of
$402,000
was determined necessary for these loans. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure. During the year ended
December
31,
2016,
fifteen
of the previously restructured loans with prior balances of
$3.7
million were paid off.
 
During year ended
December
31,
2015,
the Company modified
eighteen
loans with a total recorded investment of
$2.6
million prior to modification which were deemed troubled debt restructuring. The restructured loans were modified by various terms, including changing the maturity date, deferring amortized principal payments and requiring interest only payments for a period of
12
months. Based on the fair value of the collateral, a specific reserve of
$113,000
was determined necessary for these loans. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.
 
There was
one
consumer loan for which a payment default occurred during the year ended
December
31,
2016,
that had been modified as a TDR within
12
months or less of the payment default. A charge off of
$39,000
was recorded for this loan. There was also
one
single-family residential loan for which a payment default occurred during the year ended
December
31,
2016,
that had been modified as a TDR within
12
months or less of the payment default. A charge off of
$31,000
was recorded for this loan and
$69,000
was transferred to OREO. There were
no
loans for which a payment default occurred during the year ended
December
31,
2015,
and that had been modified as a TDR within
12
months or less of the payment default, excluding loans acquired.  We define a payment default as a payment received more than
90
days after its due date.
 
In addition to the TDRs that occurred during the period provided in the preceding tables, the Company had TDRs with pre-modification loan balances of
$236,000
and
$167,000
at
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
respectively, for which other real estate owned (“OREO”) was received in full or partial satisfaction of the loans. The majority of such TDRs were in commercial real estate and residential real estate. At
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
the Company had
$1,714,000
and
$1,064,000,
respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
the Company had
$5,094,000
and
$5,916,000,
respectively, of OREO secured by residential real estate properties.
 
 
89
 
 
 
Credit Quality Indicators
– As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk rating of commercial and real estate loans, (ii) the level of classified commercial and real estate loans, (iii) net charge-offs, (iv) non-performing loans (see details above) and (v) the general economic conditions in the States of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Tennessee.
 
The Company utilizes a risk rating matrix to assign a risk rate to each of its commercial and real estate loans. Loans are rated on a scale of
1
to
8.
  A description of the general characteristics of the
8
risk ratings is as follows:
 
·
Risk Rate
1
– Pass (Excellent)
– This category includes loans which are virtually free of credit risk.  Borrowers in this category represent the highest credit quality and greatest financial strength.
 
·
Risk Rate
2
– Pass (Good)
- Loans under this category possess a nominal risk of default.  This category includes borrowers with strong financial strength and superior financial ratios and trends.  These loans are generally fully secured by cash or equivalents (other than those rated "excellent”).
 
·
Risk Rate
3
– Pass (Acceptable – Average)
- Loans in this category are considered to possess a normal level of risk.  Borrowers in this category have satisfactory financial strength and adequate cash flow coverage to service debt requirements.  If secured, the perfected collateral should be of acceptable quality and within established borrowing parameters.
 
·
Risk Rate
4
– Pass (Monitor)
- Loans in the Watch (Monitor) category exhibit an overall acceptable level of risk, but that risk
may
be increased by certain conditions, which represent "red flags".  These "red flags" require a higher level of supervision or monitoring than the normal "Pass" rated credit.  The borrower
may
be experiencing these conditions for the
first
time, or it
may
be recovering from weakness, which at
one
time justified a harsher rating.  These conditions
may
include: weaknesses in financial trends; marginal cash flow;
one
-time negative operating results; non-compliance with policy or borrowing agreements; poor diversity in operations; lack of adequate monitoring information or lender supervision; questionable management ability/stability.
 
·
Risk Rate
5
– Special Mention
- A loan in this category has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses
may
result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution's credit position at some future date.  Special Mention loans are not adversely classified (although they are "criticized") and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.  Borrowers
may
be experiencing adverse operating trends, or an ill-proportioned balance sheet.  Non-financial characteristics of a Special Mention rating
may
include management problems, pending litigation, a non-existent, or ineffective loan agreement or other material structural weakness, and/or other significant deviation from prudent lending practices.
 
·
Risk Rate
6
– Substandard
- A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any.  Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt.  The loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.  This does not imply ultimate loss of the principal, but
may
involve burdensome administrative expenses and the accompanying cost to carry the loan.
 
·
Risk Rate
7
– Doubtful
- A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan except that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full (on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values) highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity, or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity.  The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of specific pending events that
may
strengthen the asset, its classification as loss is deferred.  Pending factors include: proposed merger or acquisition; liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfection of liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans.  Loans classified as Doubtful are placed on nonaccrual status.
 
 
90
 
 
 
·
Risk Rate
8
– Loss
- Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.  This classification does not mean that the loans has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless loan, even though partial recovery
may
be affected in the future.  Borrowers in the Loss category are often in bankruptcy, have formally suspended debt repayments, or have otherwise ceased normal business operations.  Loans should be classified as Loss and charged-off in the period in which they become uncollectible.
 
Loans acquired are evaluated using this internal grading system. Loans acquired are evaluated individually and include purchased credit impaired loans of
$17.8
million and
$23.5
 million that are accounted for under ASC Topic
310
-
30
and are classified as substandard (Risk Rating
6)
as of
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
respectively. Of the remaining loans acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic
310
-
20,
$47.8
million and
$49.9
million were classified (Risk Ratings
6,
7
and
8
– see classified loans discussion below) at
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
respectively.
 
Loans acquired, covered by loss share agreements, had additional protection provided by the FDIC prior to the termination of the loss share agreements. During the
2014
quarterly impairment testing on the estimated cash flows of the credit impaired loans, the Company established that some of the loans covered by loss share from our FDIC-assisted transactions had experienced material projected credit deterioration. As a result, the Company established a
$954,000
allowance for loan losses on covered loans by recording a provision for loan losses of
$0.4
million (net of FDIC-loss share adjustments) during the period ended
December
31,
2014.
There was no further projected credit deterioration and no addition to the allowance for covered loans in
2015
or
2016.
The
$954,000
allowance was reclassified to allowance on acquired non-covered loans subsequent to the agreement with the FDIC to terminate the loss share agreements. See Note
5,
Loans Acquired, for further discussion of the acquired loans, loan pools and loss sharing agreements.
 
Purchased credit impaired loans are loans that showed evidence of deterioration of credit quality prior to acquisition and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts contractually owed. Their fair value was initially based on the estimate of cash flows, both principal and interest, expected to be collected or estimated collateral values if cash flows are not estimable, discounted at prevailing market rates of interest. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the fair value at acquisition is recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition are not recognized as a yield adjustment. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment.
 
Classified loans for the Company include loans in Risk Ratings
6,
7
and
8.
  Loans
may
be classified, but not considered impaired, due to
one
of the following reasons:  
(1)
The Company has established minimum dollar amount thresholds for loan impairment testing.  Loans rated
6
8
that fall under the threshold amount are not tested for impairment and therefore are not included in impaired loans.  
(2)
Of the loans that are above the threshold amount and tested for impairment, after testing, some are considered to not be impaired and are not included in impaired loans.  Total classified loans, excluding loans accounted for under ASC Topic
310
-
30,
were
$166.0
 million and
$153.7
million as of
December
31,
2016
and
December
 
31,
2015,
respectively.
 
 
91
 
 
 
The following table presents a summary of loans by credit risk rating, segregated by class of loans. Loans accounted for under ASC Topic
310
-
30
are all included in Risk Rate
1
-
4
in this table.
 
(In thousands)   Risk Rate
1-4
  Risk Rate
5
  Risk Rate
6
  Risk Rate
7
  Risk Rate
8
  Total
                         
December 31, 2016                                                
Consumer:                                                
Credit cards   $
183,943
    $
--
    $
648
    $
--
    $
--
    $
184,591
 
Other consumer    
301,632
     
26
     
2,314
     
--
     
--
     
303,972
 
Total consumer    
485,575
     
26
     
2,962
     
--
     
--
     
488,563
 
Real estate:                                                
Construction    
330,080
     
98
     
6,565
     
16
     
--
     
336,759
 
Single family residential    
875,603
     
4,024
     
24,460
     
158
     
--
     
904,245
 
Other commercial    
1,738,207
     
6,874
     
41,994
     
--
     
--
     
1,787,075
 
Total real estate    
2,943,890
     
10,996
     
73,019
     
174
     
--
     
3,028,079
 
Commercial:                                                
Commercial    
616,805
     
558
     
22,162
     
--
     
--
     
639,525
 
Agricultural    
148,218
     
104
     
2,033
     
--
     
23
     
150,378
 
Total commercial    
765,023
     
662
     
24,195
     
--
     
23
     
789,903
 
Other    
20,662
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
20,662
 
Loans acquired    
1,217,886
     
22,181
     
64,075
     
1,541
     
--
     
1,305,683
 
                                                 
Total   $
5,433,036
    $
33,865
    $
164,251
    $
1,715
    $
23
    $
5,632,890
 
 
(In thousands)   Risk Rate
1-4
  Risk Rate
5
  Risk Rate
6
  Risk Rate
7
  Risk Rate
8
  Total
                         
December 31, 2015                                                
Consumer:                                                
Credit cards   $
176,809
    $
--
    $
479
    $
--
    $
--
    $
177,288
 
Other consumer    
207,069
     
--
     
1,262
     
49
     
--
     
208,380
 
Total consumer    
383,878
     
--
     
1,741
     
49
     
--
     
385,668
 
Real estate:                                                
Construction    
270,386
     
319
     
9,019
     
16
     
--
     
279,740
 
Single family residential    
679,484
     
2,701
     
13,824
     
171
     
--
     
696,180
 
Other commercial    
1,178,817
     
5,404
     
44,261
     
590
     
--
     
1,229,072
 
Total real estate    
2,128,687
     
8,424
     
67,104
     
777
     
--
     
2,204,992
 
Commercial:                                                
Commercial    
487,563
     
2,760
     
9,787
     
6
     
--
     
500,116
 
Agricultural    
147,788
     
--
     
775
     
--
     
--
     
148,563
 
Total commercial    
635,351
     
2,760
     
10,562
     
6
     
--
     
648,679
 
Other    
7,022
     
--
     
93
     
--
     
--
     
7,115
 
Loans acquired, not covered by FDIC loss share    
1,590,384
     
9,150
     
69,219
     
3,689
     
459
     
1,672,901
 
                                                 
Total   $
4,745,322
    $
20,334
    $
148,719
    $
4,521
    $
459
    $
4,919,355
 
 
 
92
 
 
 
Net (charge-offs)/recoveries for the years ended
December
31,
2016
and
2015,
excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, were as follows:
 
(In thousands)   2016   2015
         
Consumer:                
Credit cards   $
(2,288
)   $
(2,217
)
Other consumer    
(1,459
)    
(1,134
)
Total consumer    
(3,747
)    
(3,351
)
Real estate:                
Construction    
(16
)    
(44
)
Single family residential    
(706
)    
(407
)
Other commercial    
(6,444
)    
(926
)
Total real estate    
(7,166
)    
(1,377
)
Commercial:                
Commercial    
(1,255
)    
(1,202
)
Agricultural    
(2,336
)    
(33
)
Total commercial    
(3,591
)    
(1,235
)
                 
Total   $
(14,504
)   $
(5,963
)
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
– The allowance for loan losses is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses that have been incurred within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company’s allowance for loan loss methodology includes allowance allocations calculated in accordance with ASC Topic
310
-
10,
Receivables
, and allowance allocations calculated in accordance with ASC Topic
450
-
20,
Loss Contingencies
. Accordingly, the methodology is based on the Company’s internal grading system, specific impairment analysis, qualitative and quantitative factors.
 
As mentioned above, allocations to the allowance for loan losses are categorized as either specific allocations or general allocations.
 
A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not receive all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan, including scheduled principal and interest payments. For a collateral dependent loan, the Company’s evaluation process includes a valuation by appraisal or other collateral analysis. This valuation is compared to the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan. If a loss is determined to be probable, the loss is included in the allowance for loan losses as a specific allocation. If the loan is not collateral dependent, the measurement of loss is based on the difference between the expected and contractual future cash flows of the loan.
 
The general allocation is calculated monthly based on management’s assessment of several factors such as
(1)
historical loss experience based on volumes and types,
(2)
volume and trends in delinquencies and nonaccruals,
(3)
lending policies and procedures including those for loan losses, collections and recoveries,
(4)
national, state and local economic trends and conditions,
(5)
external factors and pressure from competition,
(6)
the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff,
(7)
seasoning of new products obtained and new markets entered through acquisition and
(8)
other factors and trends that will affect specific loans and categories of loans. The Company establishes general allocations for each major loan category. This category also includes allocations to loans which are collectively evaluated for loss such as credit cards,
one
-to-
four
family owner occupied residential real estate loans and other consumer loans.
 
 
93
 
 
 
The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses, excluding loans acquired, by portfolio segment for the year ended
December
31,
2016.
Allocation of a portion of the allowance to
one
category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.
 
(In thousands)   Commercial   Real
Estate
  Credit
Card
  Other
Consumer
and Other
  Total
December 31, 2016
(1)
                                       
Balance, beginning of year   $
5,985
    $
19,522
    $
3,893
    $
1,951
    $
31,351
 
                                         
Provision for loan losses
(1)
   
5,345
     
9,461
     
2,174
     
2,459
     
19,439
 
                                         
Charge-offs    
(3,956
)    
(7,517
)    
(3,195
)    
(1,975
)    
(16,643
)
Recoveries    
365
     
351
     
907
     
516
     
2,139
 
                                         
Net charge-offs    
(3,591
)    
(7,166
)    
(2,288
)    
(1,459
)    
(14,504
)
                                         
Balance, end of year
(1)
  $
7,739
    $
21,817
    $
3,779
    $
2,951
    $
36,286
 
                                         
Period-end amount allocated to:                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $
262
    $
417
    $
--
    $
1
    $
680
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment    
7,477
     
21,400
     
3,779
     
2,950
     
35,606
 
                                         
Balance, end of year  
(1)
  $
7,739
    $
21,817
    $
3,779
    $
2,951
    $
36,286
 
                                         
December 31, 2015
(2)
                                       
Balance, beginning of year   $
6,962
    $
15,161
    $
5,445
    $
1,460
    $
29,028
 
                                         
Provision for loan losses
(1)
   
258
     
5,738
     
665
     
1,625
     
8,286
 
                                         
Charge-offs    
(1,415
)    
(1,580
)    
(3,107
)    
(1,672
)    
(7,774
)
Recoveries    
180
     
203
     
890
     
538
     
1,811
 
                                         
Net charge-offs    
(1,235
)    
(1,377
)    
(2,217
)    
(1,134
)    
(5,963
)
                                         
Balance, end of year
(2)
  $
5,985
    $
19,522
    $
3,893
    $
1,951
    $
31,351
 
                                         
Period-end amount allocated to:                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $
432
    $
2,307
    $
7
    $
85
    $
2,831
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment    
5,553
     
17,215
     
3,886
     
1,866
     
28,520
 
                                         
Balance, end of year
(2)
  $
5,985
    $
19,522
    $
3,893
    $
1,951
    $
31,351
 
 
 
(1)
Provision for loan losses of
$626,000
attributable to loans acquired was excluded from this table for the year ended
December
31,
2016
(total provision for loan losses for the year ended
December
31,
2016
was
$20,065,000).
The
$626,000
was subsequently charged-off, resulting in
no
increase to the ending balance in the allowance related to loans acquired. Provision for loan losses of
$736,000
attributable to acquired loans, covered by FDIC loss share, was excluded from this table for the year ended
December
31,
2015
(total provision for loan losses for the year ended
December
31,
2015
is
$9,022,000).
(2)
Allowance for loan losses at
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014
includes
$954,000
allowance for loans acquired (not shown in the table above). The total allowance for loan losses at
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014
was
$37,240,000,
$32,305,000
and
$29,982,000,
respectively.
 
 
94
 
 
 
Activity in the allowance for loan losses, excluding allowance on loans acquired, for the year ended
December
31,
2014
was as follows:
 
(In thousands)   Commercial   Real
Estate
  Credit
Card
  Other
Consumer
and Other
  Total
December 31, 2014                                        
Balance, beginning of year   $
3,205
    $
16,885
    $
5,430
    $
1,922
    $
27,442
 
                                         
Provision for loan losses    
4,475
     
(606
)    
2,307
     
706
     
6,882
 
                                         
Charge-offs    
(1,044
)    
(2,684
)    
(3,188
)    
(1,638
)    
(8,554
)
Recoveries    
326
     
1,566
     
896
     
470
     
3,258
 
                                         
Net charge-offs    
(718
)    
(1,118
)    
(2,292
)    
(1,168
)    
(5,296
)
                                         
Balance, end of year   $
6,962
    $
15,161
    $
5,445
    $
1,460
    $
29,028
 
 
The Company’s recorded investment in loans, excluding loans acquired, as of
December
 
31,
2016
and
2015
related to each balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology is as follows:
 
(In thousands)   Commercial   Real
Estate
  Credit
Card
  Other
Consumer
and Other
  Total
                     
December 31, 2016                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $
11,522
    $
30,001
    $
373
    $
1,800
    $
43,696
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment    
778,381
     
2,998,078
     
184,218
     
322,834
     
4,283,511
 
                                         
Balance, end of period   $
789,903
    $
3,028,079
    $
184,591
    $
324,634
    $
4,327,207
 
                                         
December 31, 2015                                        
Loans individually evaluated for impairment   $
2,252
    $
15,017
    $
479
    $
442
    $
18,190
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment    
646,427
     
2,189,975
     
176,809
     
215,053
     
3,228,264
 
                                         
Balance, end of period   $
648,679
    $
2,204,992
    $
177,288
    $
215,495
    $
3,246,454