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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Consolidation and Foreign Currency Translation The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The functional currencies of certain of our foreign subsidiaries are the local currencies and, accordingly, all assets and liabilities of these foreign operations are translated to U.S. Dollars at current period-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated to U.S. Dollars using average exchange rates in effect during the period. The gains and losses from the foreign currency translation of these subsidiaries' financial statements are included as a separate component of stockholders' equity on our Consolidated Balance Sheets under Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Certain other of our foreign subsidiaries use the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency. Accordingly, monetary assets and liabilities in non-functional currencies of these subsidiaries are remeasured using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period. Revenues and costs in local currency are remeasured using average exchange rates for the period, except for costs related to those balance sheet items that are remeasured using historical exchange rates. The resulting remeasurement gains and losses are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of Other income, net as incurred. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates may change as new information is obtained. We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in revenue recognition, fair value of marketable securities, fair value of derivative financial instruments used to hedge both foreign currency and interest rate exposures, allowance for credit losses, reserves for product warranty, valuation of obsolete and slow moving inventory, assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, legal contingencies, valuation of goodwill, the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation, loss contingencies, provision for income taxes and valuation of deferred tax assets have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Business Acquisitions Our consolidated financial statements include the operations of acquired businesses after the completion of their respective acquisitions. We account for acquired businesses using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, and that the fair value of acquired intangibles be recorded on the balance sheet. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. Any excess of the purchase price over the assigned fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposits and financial instruments which are readily convertible into cash and have original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of acquisition. Marketable securities consist primarily of highly liquid investments with maturities of greater than 90 days when purchased. We classify our available-for-sale marketable securities as current assets because they represent investments of cash available for current operations. As a result, the Company recorded all its marketable securities in short-term investments regardless of the contractual maturity date of the securities. Furthermore, we report them at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any unrealized losses which are considered to be other-than-temporary are recorded in Other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Realized gains and losses on the sale of marketable securities are determined using the specific-identification method and recorded in Other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. All of our available-for-sale investments are subject to a periodic impairment review. If an available-for-sale debt security’s fair value is less than its amortized cost basis, then we evaluate whether the decline is the result of a credit loss, in which case an impairment is recorded through an allowance for credit losses. Unrealized gains and losses not attributable to credit losses are included, net of tax, in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We did not record an allowance for credit losses related to our available-for-sale investments during fiscal 2022. Foreign Exchange Management We transact business in various foreign currencies. We enter into forward foreign exchange contracts in an effort to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations on certain foreign currency balance sheet exposures and certain operational costs denominated in local currency impacting our statement of income. For accounting purposes, certain of our foreign currency forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and, accordingly, we record the fair value of these contracts as of the end of our reporting period in our Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value recorded within Other income, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income for both realized and unrealized gains and losses. Certain of our foreign currency forward contracts are designated as cash flow hedges, and, accordingly, we record the fair value of these contracts as of the end of our reporting period in our Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in fair value recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings in the same period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings, and in the same line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income as the impact of the hedge transaction. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses The majority of our accounts receivable are derived from sales to large multinational semiconductor manufacturers throughout the world, are recorded at their invoiced amount, and do not bear interest. In order to monitor potential credit losses, we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition. An allowance for credit losses is maintained based upon our assessment of the expected collectability of all accounts receivable. The allowance for credit losses is reviewed and assessed for adequacy on a quarterly basis. We take into consideration (1) any circumstances of which we are aware of a customer's inability to meet its financial obligations and (2) our judgments as to prevailing economic conditions in the industry and their impact on our customers. If circumstances change, and the financial condition of our customers is adversely affected and they are unable to meet their financial obligations, we may need to take additional allowances, which would result in an increase in our operating expense. Activity related to our allowance for credit losses was as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 25, 2021 |  | December 26, 2020
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 222 |
Charges (reversals) to costs and expenses | (27) |  |  | (53) |  |  | 26 |
Balance at end of year | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 248 |
Inventories We state our inventories at the lower of cost (principally standard cost which approximates actual cost on a first in, first out basis) or net realizable value. We regularly assess the value of our inventory and will periodically write down its value for estimated excess inventory and product obsolescence based upon an analysis of existing inventory quantities compared to estimated future consumption. Future consumption is estimated based upon assumptions about how past consumption, recent purchases, backlog and other factors may indicate future consumption. On a quarterly basis, we review existing inventory quantities in comparison to our past consumption, recent purchases, backlog and other factors to determine what inventory quantities, if any, may not be sellable. Based on this analysis, we record an adjustment to the cost basis of inventory when evidence exists that the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, which occurs when we have excess and/or obsolete inventory. Once the value is adjusted, the original cost of our inventory, less the related inventory write-down, represents the new cost basis. Reversal of these write downs is recognized only when the related inventory has been scrapped or sold. Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of Cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We design, manufacture and sell a custom product into a market that has been subject to cyclicality and significant demand fluctuations. Many of our products are complex, custom to a specific chip design and have to be delivered on short lead-times. Probe cards are manufactured in low volumes, but, for certain materials, the purchases are often subject to minimum order quantities in excess of the actual underlying probe card demand. It is not uncommon for us to acquire production materials and commence production activities based on estimated production yields and forecasted demand prior to, or in excess of, actual demand for our probe cards. These factors result in normal recurring inventory valuation charges to Cost of revenues. Inventory write downs totaled $24.6 million, $15.5 million and $13.1 million for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Restricted Cash Restricted cash is comprised primarily of funds held by our foreign subsidiaries for employee obligations, office leases, customer deposits, temporary customs import permits, and environmental remediation. Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line method. Machinery and equipment, computer equipment and software, and furniture and fixtures are depreciated over 3 to 5 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over 7 years. Building and building improvements are depreciated over 30 years. Construction-in-progress assets are not depreciated until the assets are placed in service. Upon sale or retirement of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is reflected in Operating income in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. We use our estimated incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments considering the term of the lease, which is derived from information available at the lease commencement date. The lease term includes renewal options when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised and excludes termination options. To the extent that the Company’s agreements have variable lease payments, the Company includes variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate and excludes those that depend on facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date, other than the passage of time. Lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term leases for any class of underlying asset. Operating leases are included in Operating lease, right-of-use-assets, Operating lease liabilities, and Long-term operating lease liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized, rather assessed, at least annually, for impairment at a reporting unit level. Impairment of goodwill exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. A goodwill impairment loss is recognized for the amount that the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. We evaluate impairment by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If we determine, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative impairment test is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. We perform our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year by assessing qualitative factors, including, but not limited to, an assessment of our market capitalization, which was significantly higher than our book value. Based on these tests, we determined that the quantitative impairment test was not required and no impairment charges were recorded in fiscal 2022, 2021 or 2020. The evaluation of goodwill for impairment requires the exercise of judgment. In the event of future changes in business conditions, we will be required to reassess and update our forecasts and estimates used in future impairment analysis. If the results of these analysis are lower than current estimates, a material impairment charge may result at that time. See Note 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for additional information. Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of acquisition related intangible assets and intellectual property. The intangible assets are being amortized over periods of 1 to 10 years, which reflect the pattern in which economic benefits of the assets are expected to be realized. We perform a review of intangible assets when facts and circumstances indicate that the useful life is shorter than originally estimated or that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. Such facts and circumstances include significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the intangible assets; and current expectation that the intangible assets will more likely than not be sold or disposed of before the end of their estimated useful lives. We assess the recoverability of identified intangible assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. Impairments, if any, are based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. See Note 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for additional information. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We test long-lived assets or asset groups, such as property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant decreases in the market price of the asset; significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset; and current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed of before the end of its estimated useful life. Recoverability is assessed based on the carrying amounts of the asset or asset group and the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and the eventual disposal of the asset. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Our cash equivalents and marketable securities are held in safekeeping by large, credit-worthy financial institutions. We invest our excess cash primarily in U.S. banks, government and agency bonds, money market funds and corporate obligations. We have established guidelines relative to credit ratings, diversification and maturities that seek to maintain safety and liquidity. Deposits in these banks may exceed the amounts of insurance provided on such deposits. To date, we have not experienced any losses on our deposits of cash and cash equivalents. We market and sell our products to a relatively narrow base of customers and generally do not require collateral. The following customers represented 10% or more of our revenues:
| Fiscal Year Ended
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 25, 2021 |  | December 26, 2020
Intel Corporation | 19.0 | % |  | 20.4 | % |  | 31.5 | %
Samsung Electronics Co., LTD. | * |  | 11.4 |  |  | *
* Less than 10% of revenues. At December 31, 2022, one customer accounted for 13.8% of gross accounts receivable. At December 25, 2021, one customer accounted for 13.8% of gross accounts receivable. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of gross accounts receivable for these fiscal period ends. We are exposed to non-performance risk by counterparties on our derivative instruments used in hedging activities. We seek to minimize risk by diversifying our hedging program across multiple financial institutions. These counterparties are large international financial institutions, and, to date, no such counterparty has failed to meet its financial obligations to us. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized upon transferring control of products and services, and the amounts recognized reflect the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products and services. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. An arrangement may include some or all of the following products and services: probe cards, systems, accessories, engineering services, installation services, service contracts and extended warranty contracts. We sell our products and services direct to customers and to partners in two distribution channels: global direct sales force and through a combination of manufacturers’ representatives and distributors. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. In contracts with multiple performance obligations, we identify each performance obligation and evaluate whether the performance obligation is distinct within the context of the contract at contract inception. Performance obligations that are not distinct at contract inception are combined and accounted for as one unit of account. Generally, the performance obligations in a contract are considered distinct within the context of the contract and are accounted for as separate units of account. Our products may be customized to our customers’ specifications; however, control of our product is typically transferred to the customer at the point in time the product is either shipped or delivered, depending on the terms of the arrangement, as the criteria for over time recognition is not met. In limited circumstances, substantive acceptance by the customer exists which results in the deferral of revenue until acceptance is formally received from the customer. Judgment may be required in determining if the acceptance clause is substantive. In certain instances control of products is transferred to the customer over time based on performance and in those instances we utilize an appropriate input or output measure to determine to what extent control has transferred to the customer. Judgment may be required in determining an appropriate measure of performance. Installation services are routinely provided to customers purchasing our systems. Installation services are a distinct performance obligation apart from the systems and are recognized in the period they are performed. Service contracts, which include repair and maintenance service contracts, and extended warranty contracts are also distinct performance obligations and are recognized over the contractual service period, which ranges from one to three years. For these service contracts recognized over time, we use the input measure of days elapsed to measure progress. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. In determining the transaction price, we evaluate whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which we expect to be entitled. We generally do not grant return privileges, except for defective products during the warranty period. Sales incentives and other programs that we may make available to our customers are considered to be a form of variable consideration, which is estimated in determining the contract’s transaction price to be allocated to the performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative stand-alone selling price. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on observable prices, which are the prices at which we separately sell these products. For items which do not have observable prices, we use our best estimate of the stand-alone selling prices. Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations: On December 31, 2022, we had $7.5 million of remaining performance obligations, which were comprised of deferred service contracts, extended warranty contracts, and contracts with over time revenue recognition that are not yet delivered. We expect to recognize approximately 85.7% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue in fiscal 2023, approximately 9.6% in fiscal 2024, and approximately 4.7% in fiscal 2025 and thereafter. The foregoing excludes the value of remaining performance obligations that have original durations of one year or less, and also excludes information about variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Contract balances: The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable is recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for credit losses. A receivable is recognized in the period we deliver goods or provide services or when our right to consideration is unconditional. A contract asset is recorded when we have performed under the contract but our right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract assets as of December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 were $1.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of Prepaid expenses and other current assets. Contract liabilities include payments received and payments due in advance of performance under a contract and are satisfied as the associated revenue is recognized. Contract liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period as a component of Deferred revenue and Other liabilities. Contract liabilities totaled $30.9 million and $24.2 million at December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021, respectively. During fiscal 2022, we recognized $20.1 million of revenue that was included in contract liabilities as of December 25, 2021. Costs to obtain a contract: We generally expense sales commissions when incurred as a component of Selling, general and administrative expense as the amortization period is typically less than one year. Revenue by Category: Refer to Note 16, Segments and Geographic Information, for further details. Warranty Obligations We offer warranties on certain products and record a liability for the estimated future costs associated with warranty claims at the time revenue is recognized. The warranty liability is based upon historical experience and our estimate of the level of future costs. While we engage in product quality programs and processes, our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. We continuously monitor product returns for warranty and maintain a reserve for the related expenses based upon our historical experience and any specifically identified field failures. As we sell new products to our customers, we must exercise considerable judgment in estimating the expected failure rates. This estimating process is based on historical experience of similar products, as well as various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. Warranty costs are reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income as a Cost of revenues. A reconciliation of the changes in our warranty liability is as follows (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 25, 2021 |  | December 26, 2020
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 2,805 |  |  | $ | 3,918 |  |  | $ | 1,942 |
Accruals | 7,746 |  |  | 5,759 |  |  | 5,727 |
Settlements | (6,352) |  |  | (6,872) |  |  | (3,751) |
Balance at end of year | $ | 4,199 |  |  | $ | 2,805 |  |  | $ | 3,918 |
Research and Development Research and development expenses include expenses related to product development, engineering and material costs. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Income Taxes We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the basis differences reverse and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. We estimate our provision for income taxes and amounts ultimately payable or recoverable in numerous tax jurisdictions around the world. Estimates involve interpretations of regulations and are inherently complex. Resolution of income tax treatments in individual jurisdictions may not be known for many years after completion of any fiscal year. We are required to evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets on an ongoing basis to determine whether there is a need for a valuation allowance with respect to such deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence giving greater weight to our recent cumulative income, our historical ability to utilize net operating losses in recent years, and our forecast of future taxable income, including the reversal of temporary differences and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. We recognize and measure uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We report a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves, as well as the related net interest. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax provision. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We file annual income tax returns in multiple taxing jurisdictions around the world. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and finally resolved. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position, we believe that our related liability reflects the most likely outcome. We adjust the liability, as well as the related interest, in light of changing facts and circumstances. Settlement of any particular position could require the use of cash. Stock-Based Compensation We recognize compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on the grant-date estimated fair values. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service periods in our Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is measured based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of Performance RSUs (“PRSU”) is based on certain market performance criteria and is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model. See Note 12, Stockholders' Equity, and Note 13, Stock-Based Compensation, for additional information. Net Income Per Share Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share is computed giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock and common stock equivalents, including stock options, RSUs and common stock subject to repurchase. The following table reconciles the shares used in calculating basic net income per share and diluted net income per share (in thousands):
| Fiscal Year Ended
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 25, 2021 |  | December 26, 2020
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic net income per share | 77,578 |  |  | 77,787 |  |  | 76,681 |
Add potentially dilutive securities | 623 |  |  | 1,346 |  |  | 2,320 |
Weighted-average shares used in computing basic and diluted net income per share | 78,201 |  |  | 79,133 |  |  | 79,001 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss (“OCI/L”) includes the following items, the impact of which has been excluded from earnings and reflected as components of stockholders' equity as shown below (in thousands):
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 25, 2021 |
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale marketable securities and other investments | $ | (2,749) |  |  | $ | (724) |  |
Translation adjustments | (5,675) |  |  | (811) |  |
Unrealized gains on derivative instruments | 2,846 |  |  | 86 |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (5,578) |  |  | $ | (1,449) |  |

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