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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Components of Income Before Income Taxes
The components of income before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):
 Fiscal Year Ended
 December 30, 2023December 31, 2022December 25, 2021
United States$(10,681)$30,047 $74,298 
Foreign99,948 27,823 24,202 
$89,267 $57,870 $98,500 

Provision for Income Taxes
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows (in thousands):
 Fiscal Year Ended
 December 30, 2023December 31, 2022December 25, 2021
Current provision:   
Federal$8,970 $4,330 $2,334 
State835 520 712 
Foreign9,175 8,625 7,661 
18,980 13,475 10,707 
Deferred provision (benefit):   
Federal(10,810)(5,886)4,651 
State(330)118 522 
Foreign(960)(575)(1,304)
(12,100)(6,343)3,869 
Total provision for income taxes$6,880 $7,132 $14,576 
Tax Rate Reconciliation
The following is a reconciliation of the difference between income taxes computed by applying the federal statutory rate of 21% and the provision from income taxes (in thousands):
 Fiscal Year Ended
 December 30, 2023December 31, 2022December 25, 2021
U.S. statutory federal tax rate$18,746 $12,153 $20,685 
State taxes and credits, net of federal benefit(87)16 811 
Stock-based compensation1,424 (2,772)(6,118)
Tax credits(13,368)(8,264)(7,153)
Foreign taxes at rates different than the U.S. 9,046 2,404 2,286 
Other permanent differences1,010 1,964 2,043 
Foreign gain exclusion(1)
(21,567)— — 
Global intangible low-taxed income7,885 7 — 
Foreign derived intangible income(2,986)(5,160)(2,486)
Change in valuation allowance2,569 2,597 2,231 
Tax contingencies, net of reversals4,259 3,124 2,812 
Other(51)1,063 (535)
Total$6,880 $7,132 $14,576 

(1) The rate reconciliation includes an exclusion of a portion of the gain on the sale of the FRT business under German tax law.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to be reversed.

Significant deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 As of
 December 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Tax credits$29,074 $33,025 
Inventory reserve14,626 14,269 
Other reserves and accruals9,580 6,527 
Non-statutory stock options2,771 3,180 
Lease liability6,175 6,024 
Research and development expenditures capitalization51,698 36,821 
Net operating loss carryforwards17,484 18,173 
Gross deferred tax assets131,408 118,019 
Valuation allowance(45,864)(43,295)
Total deferred tax assets85,544 74,724 
Right-of-use assets(5,445)(5,219)
Acquired intangibles and fixed assets(863)(4,342)
Unrealized investment gains(103)(103)
Tax on undistributed earnings(169)(146)
Total deferred tax liabilities(6,580)(9,810)
Net deferred tax assets$78,964 $64,914 

We are required to evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets in both our U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions on an ongoing basis to determine whether there is a need for a valuation allowance with respect to such deferred tax assets. As of December 30, 2023, we maintained a valuation allowance of $45.9 million, primarily related to California deferred tax assets
and foreign tax credit carryovers, due to uncertainty about the future realization of these assets. We believe that future reversals of taxable temporary differences, and our forecast of continued earnings in both our U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, support our decision to not record a valuation allowance on other deferred tax assets.

Tax Credits and Carryforwards
Tax credits and carryforwards available to us at December 30, 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):
AmountLatest Expiration Date
Federal research and development tax credit$19,672 2040-2042
Foreign tax credit carryforwards948 2024-2027
California research credits57,077 Indefinite
State net operating loss carryforwards241,241 2026-Indefinite
Singapore net operating loss carryforwards4,279 Indefinite

Undistributed Earnings
As of December 30, 2023, unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries was estimated at $39.3 million. We intend to permanently invest $12.0 million of undistributed earnings indefinitely outside of the U.S. To the extent we repatriate the remaining $27.3 million of undistributed foreign earnings to the U.S., we established a deferred tax liability of $0.2 million for foreign withholding taxes. Our estimates are provisional and subject to change because of the complexity and variety of assumptions necessary to compute the tax.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits
We recognize the benefits of tax return positions if we determine that the positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authority. Interest and penalties accrued on unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as tax expense in the period incurred.

The following table reflects changes in the unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):
 Fiscal Year Ended
 December 30, 2023December 31, 2022December 25, 2021
Unrecognized tax benefit, beginning balance$40,098 $35,745 $32,497 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year4,726 3,868 3,201 
Additions based on tax positions from prior years858 795 124 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years— — — 
Reductions due to lapse of the applicable statute of limitations(108)(310)(77)
Unrecognized tax benefit, ending balance$45,574 $40,098 $35,745 
Interest and penalties recognized as a component of provision for income taxes$34 $30 $40 
Interest and penalties accrued at period end63 85 188 

Of the unrecognized tax benefits at December 30, 2023, $24.0 million would impact the effective tax rate if recognized.

The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities which might result in proposed assessments. Our estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issue is judgmental in nature. However, we believe we have adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable outcome related to those matters. Our future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities in the period the assessments are made or resolved or when statutes of limitation on potential assessments expire. As of December 30, 2023, changes to our uncertain tax positions in the next 12 months that are reasonably possible are not expected to have a significant impact on our financial position or results of operations.

At December 30, 2023, our tax years 2020 through 2023, 2019 through 2023 and 2018 through 2023 remain open for examination in the federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, respectively. However, to the extent allowed by law, the taxing authorities may have the right to examine prior periods where net operating losses and credits were generated and carried forward, and make adjustments up to the net operating loss and credit carryforward amounts.