<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-028240.txt : 20240227
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240227163443
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-028240
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		17
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240227
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240227
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240227

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			AMERICAN STATES WATER CO
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001056903
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	WATER SUPPLY [4941]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	01 Energy & Transportation
		IRS NUMBER:				954676679
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			CA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-14431
		FILM NUMBER:		24687525

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		630 E FOOTHILL BLVD
		CITY:			SAN DIMAS
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			91773-9016
		BUSINESS PHONE:		9093943600

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		630 E FOOTHILL
		CITY:			SAN DIMAS
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			91773-9016
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<p style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (<span style="text-decoration: underline">see</span> General Instruction
A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in">Securities registered pursuant to
Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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    of each class</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;&#8201;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;&#8201;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20240227__20240227_zowFHIDHxVmg"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-02-27" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="ixv-328">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span> </span>Emerging
growth company</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 1.01 Entry Into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On February&#160;27, 2024, American States Water
Company (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;) with Wells Fargo Securities,
LLC (&#8220;Wells Fargo&#8221;), Janney Montgomery Scott LLC (&#8220;JMS&#8221;), RBC Capital Markets, LLC (&#8220;RBC&#8221;), and Siebert
Williams Shank&#160;&amp; Co., LLC (&#8220;SWS&#8221;) with respect to an at-the-market offering program under which the Company may
offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, its common shares, no par value per share (the &#8220;Common Shares&#8221;),
having an aggregate offering price of up to $200,000,000 (the &#8220;Placement Shares&#8221;) through Wells Fargo, JMS, RBS, and SWS
as its sales agents (each, a &#8220;Sales Agent&#8221; and, collectively, the &#8220;Sales Agents&#8221;) or directly to the Sales Agents
acting as principal for its own account at a price and on terms agreed upon in separate written agreements. The issuance and sale, if
any, of the Placement Shares by the Company under the Agreement will be made pursuant to a prospectus supplement, dated February&#160;27,
2024, and a base prospectus, dated February&#160;26, 2024, relating to the Company&#8217;s effective shelf registration statement on
Form&#160;S-3 (File No.&#160;333-277365).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon the Company&#8217;s delivery of a placement
notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the Equity Distribution Agreement, the Sales Agents may sell the Common Shares by methods
deemed to be an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as defined in Rule&#160;415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Each Sales Agent will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state
and federal law, rules&#160;and regulations and the rules&#160;of the New York Stock Exchange to sell the Placement Shares from time
to time, based upon instructions from the Company (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions
the Company may impose). The Company will pay the Sales Agent a commission equal to 1.5% of the gross sales proceeds of any Placement
Shares sold through the applicable Sales Agent under the Agreement, and also has provided the Sales Agents with customary indemnification
and contribution rights.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is not obligated to make any sales
of Common Shares under the Agreement. The Company or any Sales Agent (solely with respect to such Sales Agent) may suspend or terminate
the offering of Placement Shares upon notice to the other party and subject to other conditions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing description of the Agreement is
not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Agreement, a copy of which is filed herewith as Exhibit&#160;1.1
to this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the opinion of Winston&#160;&amp; Strawn LLP
relating to the legality of the issuance and sale of the Placement Shares is attached as Exhibit&#160;5.1 hereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This Current Report on Form&#160;8-K shall not
constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the securities discussed herein, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation,
or sale of the securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification
under the securities laws of any such state.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>(d)&#160;Exhibits</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 10%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibit&#160;No.</span></b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 2%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; width: 88%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tm247195d1_ex1-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tm247195d1_ex1-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity Distribution Agreement
    dated February&#160;27, 2024 by and between American States Water Company, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Janney Montgomery Scott LLC,
    RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Siebert Williams Shank&#160;&amp; Co., LLC.</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><a href="tm247195d1_ex5-1.htm">5.1</a></span></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tm247195d1_ex5-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Opinion of Winston&#160;&amp;
    Strawn LLP.</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline"><a href="tm247195d1_ex5-1.htm">23.1</a></span></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tm247195d1_ex5-1.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consent of Winston&#160;&amp;
    Strawn LLP (included in Exhibit&#160;5.1).</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page&#160;Interactive
    Data File (the cover page&#160;XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Date: February&#160;27, 2024</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>AMERICAN STATES WATER COMPANY</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
    Eva G. Tang</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Name: Eva G. Tang</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 3%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 4%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Title: </span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 43%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Senior Vice President-Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Secretary and Treasurer</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm247195d1_ex1-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 1.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 1.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: right">Execution Version</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="border-top: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AMERICAN STATES WATER COMPANY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Shares of Common Stock</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">With an Aggregate Sales Price of Up to $200,000,000</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EQUITY DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Dated: February 27, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>TABLE OF CONTENTS</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><B>Page</B></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 1. Description of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 2. Placements</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 3. Sale of Placement Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 4. Suspension of Sales</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 5. Representations and Warranties</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 6. Sale and Delivery; Settlement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">19</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 7. Covenants of the Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 8. Payment of Expenses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 9. Conditions of the Agents&rsquo; Obligations</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 10. Indemnification</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 11. Contribution</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 12. Representations, Warranties and Agreements to Survive Delivery</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 13. Termination of Agreement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 14. Notices</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 15. Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 16. Parties</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 17. Adjustments for Stock Splits</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 18. Governing Law and Time</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 19. Effect of Headings</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 20. Counterparts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 21. Definitions</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 22. Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECTION 23. Absence of Fiduciary Relationship</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5in 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5in 0pt 0; text-align: left"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.5in 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>EXHIBITS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit A</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 84%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Placement Notice</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit B</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Authorized Individuals for Placement Notices and Acceptances</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit C</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit D</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsidiaries of the Company</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit E</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Opinion of Company Counsel</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit F</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit G</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses</FONT></TD>
    </TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AMERICAN STATES WATER COMPANY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Shares of Common Stock</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">With an Aggregate Sales Price of Up to $200,000,000</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>EQUITY DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">February 27, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Wells Fargo Securities, LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">30 Hudson Yards, 14<SUP>th</SUP> Floor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">New York, New York 10001</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Janney Montgomery Scott LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">1717 Arch Street</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">RBC Capital Markets, LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">200 Vesey Street, 8<SUP>th</SUP> Floor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">New York, New York 10281</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Siebert Williams Shank &amp; Co., LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">100 Wall St., 18<SUP>th</SUP> Floor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">New York, New York 10005</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">American States Water Company,
a California corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), confirms its agreement (this &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;) with Wells Fargo
Securities, LLC, Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, RBC Capital Markets, LLC and Siebert Williams Shank &amp; Co., LLC (each in its capacity
as agent for the Company in connection with the offering and sale of any Securities (as defined below) hereunder, an &ldquo;<U>Agent</U>&rdquo;
and together, the &ldquo;<U>Agents</U>&rdquo;), as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
1. Description of Securities</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company agrees that,
from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and
sell through or to the Agents, each acting as an agent and/or principal, shares (the &ldquo;<U>Securities</U>&rdquo;) of the
Company&rsquo;s common shares, no par value (the &ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo;), having an aggregate sales price of up to
$200,000,000 (the &ldquo;<U>Maximum Amount</U>&rdquo;). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties
hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section&nbsp;1 regarding the aggregate sales price of the
Securities issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company, and the Agents shall have no
obligation in connection with such compliance. The issuance and sale of the Securities through the Agents will be effected pursuant
to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the Company on February 26, 2024 which became effective upon filing with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;) pursuant to Rule 462 of the rules and regulations of
the Commission under the Securities Act (as defined below), although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the
Company to use the Registration Statement to issue the Securities. The Company agrees that whenever it determines to sell Securities
directly to an Agent as principal it will enter into a separate written agreement containing the terms and conditions of such sale
with such Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company has filed, in
accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the
 &ldquo;<U>Securities Act</U>&rdquo;), with the Commission an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-277365),
including a base prospectus (the &ldquo;<U>Base Prospectus</U>&rdquo;), relating to certain securities, including the Securities to be
issued from time to time by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has
filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations
thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;). The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement specifically relating
to the Securities (the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus Supplement</U>&rdquo;) to the Base Prospectus included as part of such registration statement.
The Company will furnish to the Agents, for use by the Agents, copies of the prospectus included as part of such registration statement,
as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Securities. The &ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;, as of any time,
means such registration statement as amended by any post-effective amendments thereto at such time, including the exhibits and any schedules
thereto at such time, the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein at such time pursuant to Item 12 of
Form S-3 under the Securities Act and the documents and information otherwise deemed to be a part thereof as of such time pursuant to
Rule 430B of the Securities Act (&ldquo;<U>Rule 430B</U>&rdquo;); <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;
without reference to a time means such registration statements as amended by any post-effective amendments thereto as of the time of the
first contract of sale for the Securities, which time shall be considered the &ldquo;new effective date&rdquo; of the Registration Statement
with respect to the Securities within the meaning of paragraph (f)(2) of Rule 430B, including the exhibits and schedules thereto at such
time, the documents and information incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein at such time pursuant to Item 12 of
Form S-3 under the Securities Act and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof as of such time pursuant to Rule 430B. The Base
Prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented
by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such Base Prospectus and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by
the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act is herein called the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus</U>.&rdquo;
Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to
and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo;
or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing
after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. For purposes of this Agreement,
all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include any
copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION 2.
Placements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each time that the
Company wishes to issue and sell the Securities hereunder (each, a &ldquo;<U>Placement</U>&rdquo;), it will notify the applicable
Agent by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) containing the parameters in accordance with
which it desires the Securities to be sold, which shall at a minimum include the number of Securities to be issued (the
 &ldquo;<U>Placement Securities</U>&rdquo;), the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the
number of Placement Securities that may be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a
 &ldquo;<U>Placement Notice</U>&rdquo;), a form of which containing such minimum sales parameters necessary is attached hereto as <U>Exhibit
A</U>. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on <U>Exhibit B</U> (with a copy
to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such exhibit), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from
the applicable Agent set forth on <U>Exhibit B</U>, as such <U>Exhibit B</U> may be amended from time to time. If such Agent wishes
to accept such proposed terms included in the Placement Notice (which it may decline to do so for any reason in its sole discretion)
or, following discussion with the Company, wishes to accept amended terms, such Agent will, prior to 4:30 p.m. (New York City time)
on the business day following the business day on which such Placement Notice is delivered to such Agent, issue to the Company a
notice by email (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) addressed to all of the individuals from the Company
and such Agent set forth on <U>Exhibit B</U> setting forth the terms that such Agent is willing to accept. Where the terms provided
in the Placement Notice are amended as provided for in the immediately preceding sentence, such terms will not be binding on the
Company or such Agent until the Company delivers to such Agent an acceptance by email (or other method mutually agreed to in writing
by the parties) of all of the terms of such Placement Notice, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Acceptance</U>&rdquo;), which email shall be
addressed to all of the individuals from the Company and such Agent set forth on <U>Exhibit B</U>. The Placement Notice (as amended
by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable) shall be effective upon receipt by the Company of the applicable Agent&rsquo;s
acceptance of the terms of the Placement Notice or upon receipt by the applicable Agent of the Company&rsquo;s Acceptance, as the
case may be, unless and until (i) the entire amount of the Placement Securities has been sold, (ii) in accordance with the notice
requirements set forth in the second sentence of this paragraph, the Company terminates the Placement Notice, (iii) the Company
issues a subsequent Placement Notice with parameters superseding those on the earlier dated Placement Notice, (iv) this Agreement
has been terminated with respect to the applicable Agent under the provisions of Section&nbsp;13 or (v) the Company or the
applicable Agent shall have suspended the sale of the Placement Securities in accordance with Section&nbsp;4 below. The amount of
any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to the applicable Agent in connection with the sale of the
Placement Securities shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in <U>Exhibit C</U>. It is expressly acknowledged
and agreed that neither the Company nor the applicable Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any
Placement Securities unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the applicable Agent and either (i) such Agent
accepts the terms of such Placement Notice or (ii) where the terms of such Placement Notice are amended, the Company accepts such
amended terms by means of an Acceptance pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified in the
Placement Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable) and herein. In the event of a conflict between the
terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable), the terms
of the Placement Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable) will control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
3. Sale of Placement Securities</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the provisions
of Section&nbsp;6(a), an Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable),
will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell the Placement Securities up
to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance,
if applicable). Such Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below)
immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Securities hereunder setting forth the number of Placement
Securities sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to such Agent pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 with respect to such sales,
and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by such Agent (as set forth
in Section&nbsp;6(b)) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice (as amended
by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable), an Agent may sell Placement Securities by any method permitted by law deemed to be an
 &ldquo;at the market&rdquo; offering as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly
on the NYSE, on any other existing trading market for the Common Stock or to or through a market maker. Subject to the terms of the Placement
Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable), an Agent may also sell Placement Securities by any other method permitted
by law, including but not limited to in privately negotiated transactions. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no
assurance that the Agents will be successful in selling Placement Shares and (ii) no Agent will incur liability or obligation to the Company
or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by such Agent to use its commercially
reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such Placement Shares as required under this Section
3. For the purposes hereof, &ldquo;<U>Trading Day</U>&rdquo; means any day on which shares of Common Stock are purchased and sold on the
principal market on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
4. Suspension of Sales</FONT>. The Company or an Agent may, upon notice to the other parties in writing (including by email correspondence
to each of the individuals of the other parties set forth on <U>Exhibit B</U>, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged
by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by email correspondence
to each of the individuals of the other applicable parties set forth on <U>Exhibit B</U>), suspend any sale of Placement Securities; provided,
however, that such suspension shall not affect or impair any party&rsquo;s obligations with respect to any Placement Securities sold hereunder
prior to the receipt of such notice. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this Section&nbsp;4 shall be effective against
the others unless it is made to one of the individuals named on <U>Exhibit B</U> hereto, as such <U>Exhibit B</U> may be amended from
time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION 5.
Representations and Warranties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Representations and Warranties by the Company</I>. The Company represents and warrants to the Agents as of the date hereof
and as of each Representation Date (as defined below) on which a certificate is required to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(o)
of this Agreement, as of each Applicable Time and as of each Settlement Date (as defined below), and agrees with the Agents, as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Compliance with Registration Requirements</U>. The Securities have been duly registered under the Securities Act pursuant
to the Registration Statement. The Registration Statement has become effective under the Securities Act, or, with respect to any registration
statement to be filed to register the offer and sale of the Securities pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (a &ldquo;<U>Rule
462(b) Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;), will be filed with the Commission and become effective under the Securities Act no later than
10:00 p.m. (New York City time), on the date of determination of the public offering price for the Securities, and no stop order preventing
or suspending the use of any Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus (as defined
below), or the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and no proceedings for such purpose
have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, are contemplated by the Commission, and any request on the part
of the Commission for additional information with regard to the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Permitted
Free Writing Prospectus has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At the respective
times each of the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any post-effective amendments thereto became or becomes
effective and as of the date hereof, the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any amendments and supplements
thereto complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The conditions for the use of Form
S-3, as set forth in the General Instructions thereto, and the Registration Statement meets, and the offering and sale of the Securities
as contemplated hereby complies with, the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act (including, without limitation, Rule 415(a)(5)).
The Registration Statement, as of the date hereof and each effective date with respect thereto, did not and will not contain an untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading. Neither the Prospectus nor any amendments or supplements thereto, as of their respective dates, and at each Applicable
Time and Settlement Date, as the case may be, included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits
or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which
they were made, not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The
representations and warranties set forth in the immediately preceding paragraph shall not apply to statements in or omissions from
the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, made in reliance upon and in conformity with information
furnished to the Company in writing by the Agents expressly for use therein. For purposes of this Agreement, the only information so
furnished shall be each Agent&rsquo;s name and the second sentence of the second paragraph under the header &ldquo;Other
Relationships&rdquo; in the section titled &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in the Prospectus Supplement (the &ldquo;<U>Agent
Information</U>&rdquo;).</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The copies of the
Registration Statement and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any amendments thereto, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that
is required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433 and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto delivered
and to be delivered to the Agents (electronically or otherwise) in connection with the offering of the Securities were and will be identical
to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation
S-T.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus relating to the Securities, as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time and Settlement Date, did not, does
not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified,
or included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. The foregoing sentence
does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information
furnished to the Company by the Agents specifically for use therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At the time of the
initial filing of the Registration Statement, at the time of the most recent amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section&nbsp;10(a)(3)
of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act or form of prospectus), at the time the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the
meaning, for this paragraph only, of Rule 164(h)(2) of the Securities Act) was and is a &ldquo;well-known seasoned issuer&rdquo; as defined
in Rule 405 of the Securities Act, including not having been and not being an &ldquo;ineligible issuer,&rdquo; as defined in Rule 405
of the Securities Act; and, without limitation to the foregoing, the Company has at all relevant times met, meets and will at all relevant
times meet the requirements of Rule 164 for the use of a free writing prospectus (as defined in Rule 405) in connection with the offering
contemplated hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each document
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus heretofore filed, when it was filed (or, if any amendment
with respect to any such document was filed, when such amendment was filed), conformed in all material respects with the
requirements of the Exchange Act, and any further documents so filed and incorporated after the date of this Agreement will, when
they are filed, conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act; no such document when it was filed (or,
if an amendment with respect to any such document was filed, when such amendment was filed), contained an untrue statement of a
material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein
not misleading; and no such document, when it is filed, will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or will omit to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Prior Written Communications</U>. Any offer that is a written communication relating to the Securities made prior to
the initial filing of the Registration Statement by the Company or any person acting on its behalf (within the meaning, for this paragraph
only, of Rule 163(c) of the Securities Act) has been filed with the Commission in accordance with the exemption provided by Rule 163 of
the Securities Act and otherwise complied with the requirements of Rule 163 of the Securities Act, including without limitation the legending
requirement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Independent Accountants</U>. The accountants whose reports appear in the Prospectus or are incorporated by reference
therein, are, and during the periods covered by such reports were, registered independent public accountants as required by the Securities
Act, the Exchange Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (&ldquo;<U>PCAOB</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(4)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Financial Statements</U>. The financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules (if any) and notes, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the results of operations, changes in common shareholders&rsquo;
equity and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries for the periods specified; the financial statements of any other
entities or businesses included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, together with the related
schedules (if any) and notes, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of each such entity or business, as the
case may be, and its consolidated subsidiaries (if any) at the dates indicated and the results of operations, changes in common shareholders&rsquo;
(or other owners&rsquo;) equity and cash flows of such entity or business, as the case may be, and its consolidated subsidiaries (if any)
for the periods specified; and all such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP applied on a consistent basis
throughout the periods involved (except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto) and comply, in all material respects,
with all applicable accounting requirements under the Securities Act. The supporting schedules, if any, included or incorporated by reference
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with GAAP, the information required
to be stated therein. Any information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus regarding &ldquo;non-GAAP financial measures&rdquo;
(as defined in Regulation G of the Commission) complies, in all material respects, with Regulation G and Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K
of the Commission, to the extent applicable. No other financial statements or schedules are required by Form S-3 to be included in the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language incorporated by reference in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus fairly presents the required information called for in all material respects and has been
prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the Commission's rules and guidelines applicable thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(5)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></FONT><U>&#8239;No
Material Adverse Change in Business</U>. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus, except as otherwise disclosed therein, (A) there has been no material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise,
or in the results of operations, business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, whether
or not arising in the ordinary course of business (a &ldquo;<U>Material Adverse Effect</U>&rdquo;), (B) there have been no transactions
entered into by the Company or any of its subsidiaries which are material with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a
whole, and (C) except for regular quarterly dividends on the Common Stock in amounts per share that are consistent with past practice,
there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company on any class of its Capital Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(6)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Good Standing of the Company</U>. The Company has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation in good
standing under the laws of the State of California and has power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct
its business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement;
and the Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which
such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the
failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(7)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><U>Good
Standing of Subsidiaries</U>. Each subsidiary of the Company has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation,
limited or general partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction
of its organization, has power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and is duly qualified as a foreign corporation, limited or general partnership or
limited liability company, as the case may be, to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such
qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the
failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a
Material Adverse Effect; except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, all of the issued and
outstanding capital stock of each such subsidiary that is a corporation, all of the issued and outstanding partnership interests of
each such subsidiary that is a limited or general partnership and all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company
interests, membership interests or other similar interests of each such subsidiary that is a limited liability company have been
duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and (except in the case of general partnership interests) non-assessable and are
owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any Lien; and none of the outstanding shares of capital
stock, partnership interests or limited liability company interests, membership interests or other similar interests of any such
subsidiary was issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights of any securityholder
of such subsidiary or any other person. As of the date hereof, the only subsidiaries of the Company are the subsidiaries listed on <U>Exhibit
D</U> hereto and <U>Exhibit D</U> accurately sets forth whether each such subsidiary is a corporation, limited or general
partnership or limited liability company and the jurisdiction of organization of each such subsidiary and, in the case of any
subsidiary that is a partnership or limited liability company, its general partners and managing members, respectively. Any
subsidiaries of the Company that are &ldquo;significant subsidiaries&rdquo; as defined by Rule 1-02 of Regulation S X are listed on <U>Exhibit&nbsp;D</U>
hereto under the caption &ldquo;Material Subsidiaries.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(8)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Capitalization</U>. The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Prospectus, and all of the issued
and outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable
and have been issued in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws. None of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding shares of
Common Stock or preferred shares, if any (the &ldquo;<U>Preferred Stock</U>&rdquo;) were issued in violation of any preemptive rights,
rights of first refusal or other similar rights; except as set forth in the Prospectus, the Company is not a party to or bound by any
outstanding options, warrants or similar rights to subscribe for, or contractual obligations to issue, sell, transfer or acquire, any
of its Capital Stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for any of such Capital Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(9)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Authorization of Agreement</U>. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(10)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Authorization of Securities</U>. The Securities to be sold by the Company pursuant to this Agreement have been duly authorized
for issuance and sale pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to this Agreement against payment
of the consideration set forth herein, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; no holder of the Securities is or will be
subject to personal liability by reason of being such a holder; the issuance and sale of the Securities to be sold by the Company pursuant
to this Agreement is not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights of any securityholder of the
Company or any other person; and the delivery of the Securities being sold by the Company against payment therefor pursuant to the terms
of this Agreement will pass valid title to the Securities being sold by the Company, free and clear of any claim, encumbrance or defect
in title, and without notice of any lien, claim or encumbrance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(11)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Description of Securities</U>. The Common Stock and the Company&rsquo;s charter and bylaws conform in all material respects
to all of the respective statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and such statements conform
in all material respects to the rights set forth in the respective instruments and agreements defining the same.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(12)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><U>Absence
of Defaults and Conflicts</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of its Organizational Documents or in
default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any Company Document,
except for such defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein and
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (including the issuance and sale of the Securities and the use of the proceeds from
the sale of the Securities as described in the Prospectus under the caption &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo;) and compliance by the
Company with its obligations under this Agreement do not and will not, whether with or without the giving of notice or passage of
time or both, conflict with or constitute a breach of, or default or Repayment Event under, or result in the creation or imposition
of any Lien upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, any Company Documents, except for
such conflicts, breaches, defaults or Liens that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a
Material Adverse Effect, nor will such action result in any violation of the provisions of the (a) Organizational Documents of the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or (b) any applicable law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, writ or decree of any
government, government instrumentality or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its
subsidiaries or any of their respective assets, properties or operations, except, in the case of subclause (b), for such violations
that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(13)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></FONT><U>Absence
of Labor Dispute</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, no labor dispute with the employees of the
Company or any subsidiary of the Company exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent, and the Company is not aware of any
existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of the principal suppliers, manufacturers, customers or contractors of
the Company or any of its subsidiaries which, in any such case, would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(14)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></FONT><U>Absence
of Proceedings</U>. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or brought by any court or governmental agency
or body, domestic or foreign, now pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against or affecting the Company or any of
its subsidiaries which is required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (other than as disclosed therein),
or which would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or which would reasonably
be expected to materially and adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement or the performance
by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement; the aggregate of all pending legal or governmental proceedings to which the Company
or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their respective property or assets is the subject which are not described in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, including ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, would not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(15)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></FONT><U>Accuracy
of Descriptions and Exhibits</U>. The (i) information in the Prospectus under the caption &ldquo;Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
For Non-U.S. Holders,&rdquo; (ii) the information in the Registration Statement under Item 15 and (iii) the descriptions in the Company&rsquo;s
periodic reports under the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference into the Prospectus of any legal or governmental proceedings,
in each case, to the extent that it constitutes matters of law, summaries of legal matters, summaries of provisions of the Company&rsquo;s
charter or bylaws or other instruments or agreements, summaries of legal proceedings, or legal conclusions, is correct in all material
respects; all descriptions in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus of any Company Documents are accurate in all material respects;
and there are no franchises, contracts, indentures, mortgages, deeds of trust, loan or credit agreements, bonds, notes, debentures, evidences
of indebtedness, leases or other instruments, agreements or documents required to be described or referred to in the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been so described and filed as required.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(16)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><U>Possession
of Intellectual Property</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries
own or possess or have the right to use on reasonable terms all patents, patent rights, patent applications, licenses, inventions,
copyrights, know how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information,
systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names, service names and other intellectual property (collectively,
 &ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property</U>&rdquo;) necessary to carry on their respective businesses as described in the Prospectus and as
proposed to be conducted; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written notice or is otherwise aware
of any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property or of any facts or
circumstances which would render any Intellectual Property invalid or inadequate to protect the interests of the Company or any of
its subsidiaries therein, except for any infringement or conflict (if the subject of any unfavorable decision, ruling or finding) or
invalidity or inadequacy, which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect. All former and current employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, all other
agents, consultants and contractors of the Company or any of its subsidiaries who contributed to or participated in the conception
or development of any material Intellectual Property for the Company or any of its subsidiaries) have executed written contracts or
agreements that assign to the Company all rights to any inventions, improvements, discoveries or information relating to the
business of the Company and its subsidiaries, including without limitation all Intellectual Property owned, controlled by or in the
possession of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. To the knowledge of the Company, there is no unauthorized use, infringement or
misappropriation of any of the Intellectual Property by any third party, employee or former employee. Each agreement and instrument
(each, a &ldquo;<U>License Agreement</U>&rdquo;) pursuant to which any material Intellectual Property is licensed to the Company or
any of its subsidiaries is in full force and effect, has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid and binding
agreement of, the Company or the applicable subsidiary, as the case may be, enforceable against the Company or such subsidiary in
accordance with its terms, except as enforcement thereof may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar laws relating to
or affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally or by general equitable principles; the Company and its subsidiaries are in
compliance in all material respects with their respective obligations under all License Agreements and, to the knowledge of the
Company, all other parties to any of the License Agreements are in compliance in all material respects with all of their respective
obligations thereunder; no event or condition has occurred or exists that gives or would give any party to any License Agreement the
right, either immediately or with notice or passage of time or both, to terminate or limit any such License Agreement or any rights
of the Company or any of its subsidiaries thereunder, to exercise any of such party&rsquo;s remedies thereunder, or to take any
action that would adversely affect any rights of the Company or any of its subsidiaries thereunder or that would, individually or in
the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and the Company is not aware of any facts or circumstances
that would result in any of the foregoing or give any party to any License Agreement any such right; and neither the Company nor any
of its subsidiaries has received any notice of any material default, breach or noncompliance under any License Agreement.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(17)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></FONT><U>Absence
of Further Requirements</U>. (A) No filing with, or authorization, approval, consent, license, order, registration, qualification or
decree of, any court or governmental authority or agency, domestic or foreign, (B) no authorization, approval, vote or other consent
of any holder of Capital Stock or other securities of the Company or any creditor of the Company, (C) no waiver or consent under any
Subject Instrument, and (D) no authorization, approval, vote or other consent of any other person or entity, is necessary or required
for the execution, delivery or performance by the Company of this Agreement, for the offering, issuance, sale or delivery of the Securities
hereunder, or for the consummation of any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, in each case on the terms contemplated
by the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except such as have been obtained under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act or
such as may be required under state securities laws or under the NYSE listing rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(18)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>Possession of Licenses and Permits</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company
and its subsidiaries possess such permits, licenses, approvals, consents and other authorizations (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Governmental
Licenses</U>&rdquo;) issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct the
business now operated by them, except where the failure to so possess would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms and conditions of all such Governmental
Licenses, except where the failure so to comply would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect; all of the Governmental Licenses are valid and in full force and effect, except when the invalidity of such Governmental
Licenses or the failure of such Governmental Licenses to be in full force and effect would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written notice of
proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such Governmental Licenses which, individually or in the aggregate, if the
subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a
Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(19)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Title
to Property</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries have good
and marketable title to all real property owned by any of them and good title to all other properties and assets owned by any of
them, in each case, free and clear of all Liens except (a) all real property on military bases served by the Company or its
subsidiaries pursuant to contracts with the U.S. government, (b) public utility franchises in the nature of an easement, (c)
constitutional franchises in the nature of an easement or (d) as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the
Company or any of its subsidiaries; all real property, buildings and other improvements, and equipment and other property held under
lease or sublease by the Company or any of its subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases or
subleases, as the case may be, with, solely in the case of leases or subleases relating to real property and buildings or other
improvements, such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere in any material respect with the use made or proposed to be
made of such property and buildings or other improvements by the Company and its subsidiaries, and all such leases and subleases are
in full force and effect; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any written notice of any claim of any sort that
has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any of the leases or subleases
mentioned above or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or any of its subsidiaries to the continued possession of the
leased or subleased premises under any such lease or sublease except for such claims which, if successfully asserted against the
Company or any of its subsidiaries, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(20)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Investment Company Act</U>. The Company is not, and upon the sale of the Securities to the Agents as herein contemplated
and the application of the net proceeds therefrom as described in the Prospectus under the caption &ldquo;Use of Proceeds,&rdquo; the
Company will not be, an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; or an entity &ldquo;controlled&rdquo; by an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo;
as such terms are defined in the 1940 Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(21)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><U>Environmental
Laws</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or except as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (A) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in
violation of any applicable federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or rule of
common law, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of
human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface
strata, or wildlife), including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of
chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products (collectively,
 &ldquo;<U>Hazardous Materials</U>&rdquo;) or to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal,
transport or handling of Hazardous Materials (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Environmental Laws</U>&rdquo;), (B) the Company and its
subsidiaries have all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in
compliance with their requirements, (C) there are no pending or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened administrative,
regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigation
or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any of its subsidiaries and (D) to the Company&rsquo;s
knowledge, there are no events or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or
remediation, or an action, suit or proceeding by any private party or governmental body or agency, against or affecting the Company
or any of its subsidiaries relating to the release of or exposure to Hazardous Materials or the violation of any Environmental
Laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(22)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Absence of Registration Rights</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there are no
persons with registration rights or other similar rights to have any securities (debt or equity) registered pursuant to the Registration
Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement or otherwise registered by the Company under the Securities Act,
and there are no persons with co-sale rights, tag-along rights or other similar rights to have any securities (debt or equity) included
in the offering contemplated by this Agreement or sold in connection with the sale of Securities pursuant to this Agreement, except in
each case for such rights that have been duly waived in writing; and the Company has given all notices required by, and has otherwise
complied with its obligations under, all registration rights agreements, co-sale agreements, tag-along agreements and other similar agreements
in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(23)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>NYSE</U>. The outstanding shares of Common Stock and the Securities to be sold by the Company hereunder have been approved
for listing, subject only to official notice of issuance, on the NYSE, and are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act,
and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Securities under
the Exchange Act or delisting any such securities from the NYSE, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or
the NYSE is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(24)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Tax Returns</U>. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all foreign, federal, state and local tax returns that are
required to be filed or have requested extensions thereof, except where the failure so to file would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and have paid all taxes required to be paid by them and any other assessment,
fine or penalty levied against any of them, to the extent that any of the foregoing is due and payable, except for any such tax, assessment,
fine or penalty that is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate actions and for which adequate reserves have been provided
in accordance with GAAP, and except for such taxes, assessments, fines or penalties the nonpayment of which would not, individually or
in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(25)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><U>Insurance</U>.
Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (a) the Company and
its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as
are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged; (b) all policies of insurance and any fidelity or surety
bonds insuring the Company or any of its subsidiaries or their respective businesses, assets, employees, officers and directors are
in full force and effect; (c) the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of such policies and instruments;
(d) there are no claims by the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any such policy or instrument as to which any insurance
company is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause; (e) neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has
been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and (f) except as described in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing
insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to
continue its business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(26)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Accounting Controls and Disclosure Controls</U>. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain effective internal control
over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act and a system of internal accounting controls sufficient
to provide reasonable assurance that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations,
(B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset
accountability and (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization. Except
as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, since the end of the Company&rsquo;s most recent audited fiscal year, there
has been (1) no material weakness in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (2)
no change in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially
affect, the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting. The Company and its subsidiaries employ disclosure controls and
procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed
by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within
the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to the Company&rsquo;s management,
including its principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions
regarding disclosure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(27)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U>. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the Company&rsquo;s
knowledge, any of the Company&rsquo;s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act with which any of them is required to comply in all material respects, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and
906 related to certifications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(28)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</U>. The Company has not distributed and will not distribute any offering material
in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities to be sold hereunder by an Agent as principal or agent for the Company, other
than the Prospectus and any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus reviewed and consented to by each Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(29)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;</FONT></FONT><U>Actively
Traded Security</U>. The Common Stock is an &ldquo;actively traded security&rdquo; excepted from the requirements of Rule 101 of Regulation
M under the Exchange Act by subsection&nbsp;(c)(1) of such rule.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(30)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT> <U>Absence of Manipulation</U>. Other than excepted activity pursuant to Regulation M under the Exchange Act, the Company
has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would constitute or that would reasonably be expected
to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of
the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(31)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;</FONT></FONT><U>Statistical,
Demographic or Market-Related Data</U>. Any statistical, demographic or market-related data included in the Registration Statement or
the Prospectus is based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate in all material respects, all
such data included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus accurately reflects the materials upon which it is based or from which
it was derived in all material respects, and, if requested by the Agents, the Company will deliver true, complete and correct copies
of such materials to the Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(32)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>No Unlawful Payments</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor any director or officer of the Company
or any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any employee, agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting
on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is aware of or has directly or indirectly undertaken the following actions on behalf
of the Company or its subsidiaries (i) using funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating
to political activity; (ii) offering, promising or authorizing of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or
domestic government or regulatory official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international
organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official
or candidate for political office; (iii) violating any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable
law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions,
or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws;
or (iv) making, offering, requesting or taking of, or agreeing to take, an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful
benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit.
The Company and its subsidiaries have instituted, maintain and enforce, and will continue to maintain and enforce policies and procedures
designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(33)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT><U>Compliance
with Money Laundering Laws</U>. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in
material compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign
Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of all applicable jurisdictions, the rules
and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any
governmental or regulatory agency (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Anti-Money Laundering Laws</U>&rdquo;) and no action, suit or
proceeding by or before any court or governmental or regulatory agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or
any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries is, threatened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(34)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>No Conflicts with Sanction Laws</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, directors or officers, nor, to
the knowledge of the Company, any agent, employee or affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any
of its subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Government, (including,
without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department or the U.S. Department of State and including,
without limitation, the designation as a &ldquo;specially designated national&rdquo; or &ldquo;blocked person&rdquo;), the United Nations
Security Council, the European Union, HM&rsquo;s Treasury, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Sanctions</U>&rdquo;),
nor is the Company, any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or the target
of Sanctions (at the time of this Agreement, the Crimea, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions of Ukraine, so-called Donetsk People&rsquo;s
Republic, so-called Luhansk People&rsquo;s Republic of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria (each, a &ldquo;<U>Sanctioned Country</U>&rdquo;);
and the Company will not directly or indirectly use any of the proceeds of the offering of the Securities hereunder, or lend, contribute
or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate
any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or the target of any Sanctions,
(ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or any business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that would result
in a violation by any person participating in the transaction (whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of any Sanctions.
For the past five years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not
directly or knowingly, after due care and inquiry, indirectly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time
of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of any Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(35)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>Lending Relationship</U>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor
any of its subsidiaries has any outstanding borrowings from, or is a party to any line of credit, credit agreement or other credit facility
or otherwise has a borrowing relationship with any Agent or any bank or other lending institution affiliated with any Agent, and the Company
does not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities to repay any debt owed to any Agent or any affiliate thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(36)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>Transfer Taxes</U>. There are no stock or other transfer taxes, stamp duties, capital duties or other similar duties,
taxes or charges payable in connection with the execution or delivery of this Agreement by the Company or the issuance or sale by the
Company of the Securities to be sold by the Company to any Agent hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(37)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>Related Party Transactions</U>. There are no related party transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries
or, to the knowledge of the Company, any other person that are required to be described in the Prospectus that have not been described
as required.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(38)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
<U>ERISA</U>. (i) Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate contributes to, or has any obligation under, any Employee Benefit Plans
other than those described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (ii) the Company and each ERISA Affiliate are in compliance
with all applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder with respect to all Employee
Benefit Plans except for any required amendments for which the remedial amendment period as defined in Section 401(b) of the Code has
not yet expired and except where a failure to so comply would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect; (iii) except where a failure to be so qualified would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect, each Employee Benefit Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code has been
determined by the United States Internal Revenue Service (the &ldquo;<U>IRS</U>&rdquo;) to be so qualified, and each trust related to
such plan has been determined to be exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code except for such plans that have not yet received determination
letters but for which the remedial amendment period for submitting a determination letter has not yet expired; (iv) no liability has
been incurred by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate which remains unsatisfied for any taxes or penalties assessed with respect to any
Employee Benefit Plan or any Multiemployer Plan except for a liability that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; (v) no Pension Plan has been terminated, nor has any Pension Plan become subject to funding
based upon benefit restrictions under Section 436 of the Code; (vi) except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the
aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, no funding waiver from the IRS has been received or requested with respect to any Pension
Plan, nor has the Company or any ERISA Affiliate failed to make any contributions or to pay any amounts due and owing as required by
Sections 412 or 430 of the Code, Section 302 of ERISA or the terms of any Pension Plan on or prior to the due dates of such contributions
under Sections 412 or 430 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, nor has there been any event requiring any disclosure under Section 4041(c)(3)(C)
or 4063(a) of ERISA with respect to any Pension Plan; (vii) except where the failure of any of the following representations to be correct
would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any ERISA
Affiliate has: (A) engaged in a nonexempt prohibited transaction described in Section 406 of the ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, (B)
incurred any liability to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or any successor agency (&ldquo;<U>PBGC</U>&rdquo;) which remains
outstanding other than the payment of premiums and there are no premium payments which are due and unpaid, (C) failed to make a required
contribution or payment to a Multiemployer Plan, or (D) failed to make a required installment or other required payment under Sections
412 or 430 of the Code; (viii) no Termination Event has occurred or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, is reasonably expected to occur;
and (ix) except where the failure of any of the following representations to be correct would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, no proceeding, claim (other than a benefits claim in the ordinary course of
business), lawsuit and/or investigation is existing or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened concerning or involving (A) any
employee welfare benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA) currently maintained or contributed to by the Company or any ERISA
Affiliate, (B) any Pension Plan or (C) any Multiemployer Plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(39)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>Existing Contracts</U>. Each contract or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company or
any of the Subsidiaries is a party or by which any of their respective properties or businesses is bound or affected and which is material
to the conduct of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole has been duly and validly executed by the Company
or its subsidiaries, as applicable, and, to the knowledge of the Company, by the other parties thereto. Each such contract or other instrument
is in full force and effect and is enforceable against the parties thereto in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally (including, without
limitation, fraudulent conveyance laws) and by general principles of equity, including, without limitation, concepts of reasonableness,
good faith and fair dealing and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief, regardless of whether considered
in a proceeding in equity or at law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(40)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>No Other Contracts</U>. Other than this Agreement, there are no contracts, agreements or written understandings between
the Company or any of its subsidiaries and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any of its subsidiaries
or the Agents for a brokerage commission, finder&rsquo;s fee or other like payment with respect to the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(41)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Proprietary Trading by the Agents</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Agents have informed the Company
that the Agents may, to the extent permitted under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, purchase and sell shares of Common Stock for
their own account while this Agreement is in effect, and shall be under no obligation to purchase Securities on a principal basis pursuant
to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by an Agent in the Placement Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(42)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;</FONT></FONT><U>FINRA
Matters</U>. All of the information provided to the Agents or to counsel for the Agents by the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company,
its officers and directors and the holders of any securities of the Company in connection with letters, filings or other supplemental
information provided to the FINRA pursuant to FINRA Conduct Rule 5110 or 5121 is true, complete and correct in all material respects.
To the knowledge of the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, no director or officer of the
Company has any association with any FINRA member.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(43)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><U>No Prohibition on Dividends by Subsidiaries</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, no subsidiary of the Company is
prohibited, directly or indirectly, from paying any dividends or making any other distributions on such subsidiary&rsquo;s capital stock,
from repaying any debt owed to the Company or any of its other subsidiaries, or from transferring any of its property or assets to the
Company or any of its other subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(44)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><U>Cyber Security</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or as would not, individually or
in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (A) there has been no security breach or incident, unauthorized
access to or disclosure of, or other compromise of or relating to the Company or its subsidiaries information technology and computer
systems, networks, hardware, software, data and databases (including the data and information of their respective customers, employees,
suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained, processed or stored by the Company and its subsidiaries, and any such data processed
or stored by third parties on behalf of the Company and its subsidiaries), equipment or technology (collectively, &ldquo;<U>IT Systems
and Data</U>&rdquo;): (B) neither the Company nor its subsidiaries have been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event or condition
that would result in, any security breach or incident, unauthorized access or disclosure or other compromise to their IT Systems and
Data and (C) the Company and its subsidiaries have implemented appropriate controls, policies, procedures, and technological safeguards
to maintain and protect the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of their IT Systems and Data reasonably consistent
with industry standards and practices, or as required by applicable regulatory standards. The Company and its subsidiaries are presently
in material compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems
and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Certificates</I>. Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and delivered to the
Agents or to counsel for the Agents shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Agents as to the matters covered
thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
6. Sale and Delivery; Settlement</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><I>Sale
of Placement Securities</I>. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and
conditions herein set forth, upon an Agent&rsquo;s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice or upon receipt by an Agent of an
Acceptance, as the case may be, and unless the sale of the Placement Securities described therein has been declined, suspended, or
otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, such Agent will, for the period specified in such Placement
Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable), use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its
normal trading and sales practices to sell such Placement Securities up to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with
the terms of such Placement Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable). The Company acknowledges and agrees
that (i) there can be no assurance that any Agent will be successful in selling Placement Securities, (ii) no Agent will incur
liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Securities for any reason other
than a failure by such Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to
sell such Placement Securities as required under this Section&nbsp;6 and (iii) no Agent shall be under any obligation to purchase
Securities on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by such Agent in the Placement Notice (as
amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Settlement of Placement Securities</I>. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice (as amended by
the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable), settlement for sales of Placement Securities will occur on the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading
Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a &ldquo;<U>Settlement
Date</U>&rdquo;). The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Securities
sold (the &ldquo;<U>Net Proceeds</U>&rdquo;) will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by an Agent at which such Placement Securities
were sold, after deduction for (i) such Agent&rsquo;s commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 hereof, (ii) any other amounts due and payable by the Company to such Agent hereunder pursuant to Section&nbsp;8(a)
hereof, and (iii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Delivery of Placement Securities</I>. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer
agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Securities being sold by crediting the applicable Agent&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s
account (provided such Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository
Trust Company (&ldquo;<U>DTC</U>&rdquo;) through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as
may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good
deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, the applicable Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account
designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable),
defaults in its obligation to deliver Placement Securities on a Settlement Date, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way
limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section&nbsp;10(a) hereto, it will (i) hold such Agent harmless against any loss, liability,
claim, damage, or expense whatsoever (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with
such default by the Company or its transfer agent and (ii) pay to such Agent any commission, discount, or other compensation to which
it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>[Reserved]</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><I>Limitations
on Offering Size</I>. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Securities, if after giving
effect to the sale of such Securities, the aggregate offering price of the Securities sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed
the lesser of (A) the Maximum Amount, (B) the amount available for offer and sale under the currently effective Registration
Statement, and (C) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company and notified to
an Agent in writing. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Securities pursuant to this
Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company and notified to an Agent in writing.
Further, under no circumstances shall the aggregate offering price of Securities sold pursuant to this Agreement, including any
separate underwriting or similar agreement covering principal transactions described in Section 1 of this Agreement, exceed the
Maximum Amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><I>Limitations on Agents</I>. The Company agrees that any offer to sell, any solicitation of an offer to buy or any sales
of Securities by the Company shall only be effected by or through one Agent on any single given day, but in no event more than one, and
the Company shall in no event request that more than one Agent sell Securities on the same day; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that
(a) the foregoing limitation shall not apply to (i) the exercise of any option, warrant, right or any conversion privilege set forth in
the instrument governing such security or (ii) sales solely to employees, directors or security holders of the Company or its subsidiaries,
or to a trustee or other person acquiring such Securities for the accounts of such persons, (b) such limitation shall not apply on any
day during which no sales are made pursuant to this Agreement, and (c) such limitation shall not apply if, prior to any such request to
sell Securities, all Securities the Company has previously requested the Agents sell pursuant to a Placement Notice have been sold.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Black-out Limitations</I>. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company shall not offer or sell,
or instruct an Agent to offer or sell, any Securities through an Agent (and, by notice to an Agent given by telephone (confirmed promptly
by email), shall cancel any instructions for any such offer or sale of any Securities prior to the commencement of the periods referenced
below), and no Agent shall be obligated to make any such offer or sale of Securities, (i) during any period in which the Company is, or
could be deemed to be, in possession of material non-public information or (ii) except as provided in Section 6(f)(1) hereof, at any time
during the period commencing on the 10th business day prior to the time the Company issues a press release containing, or shall otherwise
publicly announce, its earnings, revenues or other operating results for a fiscal period or periods (each, an &ldquo;<U>Earnings Announcement</U>&rdquo;)
through and including the time that is 24 hours after the time that the Company files a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or an Annual Report
on Form 10-K (a &ldquo;<U>Filing Time</U>&rdquo;) that includes consolidated financial statements as of and for the same fiscal period
or periods, as the case may be, covered by such Earnings Announcement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT>If
the Company wishes to offer or sell Securities to an Agent at any time during the period from and including an Earnings Announcement
through and including the time that is 24 hours after the corresponding Filing Time, the Company shall first (i) prepare and deliver
to the Agents (with a copy to counsel to the Agents) a Current Report on Form 8-K that includes substantially the same financial and
related information that was included in such Earnings Announcement (other than any earnings projections and similar forward-looking
data and officers&rsquo; quotations) (each, an &ldquo;<U>Earnings 8-K</U>&rdquo;), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to
the Agents, and, prior to its filing, obtain the written consent of the Agents to such filing (which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), (ii) provide the Agents with the officers&rsquo; certificate, opinions and letters
of counsel and accountants&rsquo; letter specified in Section 7(o), (p) and (q), respectively, hereof, (iii) afford the Agents the
opportunity to conduct a due diligence review in accordance with Section 7(m) hereof prior to filing such Earnings 8-K and (iv) file
such Earnings 8-K with the Commission, then the provision of clause (ii) of Section 6(f) shall not be applicable for the period from
and after the time at which the foregoing conditions shall have been satisfied (or, if later, the time that is 24 hours after the
time that the relevant Earnings Announcement was first publicly released) through and including the time that is 24 hours after the
Filing Time of the relevant Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Annual Report on Form 10-K, as the case may be. For purposes of
clarity, the parties hereto agree that (A) the delivery of any officers&rsquo; certificate, opinion or letter of counsel or
accountants&rsquo; letter pursuant to this Section 6(f) shall not relieve the Company from any of its obligations under this
Agreement with respect to any Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Annual Report on Form 10-K, as the case may be, including, without
limitation, the obligation to deliver officers&rsquo; certificates, opinions and letters of counsel and accountants&rsquo; letters
as provided in Section 7(o), (p) and (q), respectively, hereof, and (B) this Section 6(f)(1) shall in no way affect or limit the
operation of clause (i) of Section 6(f) hereof, which shall have independent application.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
7. Covenants of the Company</FONT>. The Company covenants with the Agents as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Registration Statement Amendments; Payment of Fees</I>. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which
a Prospectus relating to any Placement Securities is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances
where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), (i) the Company will notify the Agents promptly
of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed
with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any comment letter
from the Commission or any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for
additional information; (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, reasonably promptly upon the Agents&rsquo; request,
any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in the Agents&rsquo; reasonable opinion, may be necessary
or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Securities by the Agents (<I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the
failure of the Agents to make such request shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents&rsquo;
right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement); (iii) the Company will not file any amendment
or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, relating to the Placement Securities
or a security convertible into the Placement Securities unless a copy thereof has been submitted to the Agents within a reasonable period
of time before the filing and the Agents have not reasonably objected thereto (<I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the failure of the
Agents to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents&rsquo; right
to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to the Agents at the
time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement
or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (iv) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus,
other than documents incorporated by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule
424(b) of the Securities Act (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) of the Securities Act).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT> <I>Notice of Commission Stop Orders</I>. The Company will advise the Agents, promptly after it receives notice or obtains
knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement or of any other order preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or of the suspension
of the qualification of the Placement Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the loss or suspension of any exemption
from any such qualification, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes, or of any examination pursuant
to Section 8(e) of the Securities Act concerning the Registration Statement or if the Company becomes the subject of a proceeding under
Section 8A of the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Securities. The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts
to prevent the issuance of any stop order, the suspension of any qualification of the Securities for offering or sale and any loss or
suspension of any exemption from any such qualification, and if any such stop order is issued or any such suspension or loss occurs, seek
to obtain the lifting thereof as soon as reasonably possible.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus</I>. The Company will furnish to the Agents and their counsel (at the
expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein)
and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, that are filed
with the Commission during any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Securities is required to be delivered under the
Securities Act (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein),
in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities and at such locations as the Agents may from time to time reasonably
request. The copies of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any supplements or amendments thereto furnished to the Agents
will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted
by Regulation S-T.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><I>Continued
Compliance with Securities Laws</I>. If at any time when a Prospectus is required by the Securities Act or the Exchange Act to be
delivered in connection with a pending sale of the Placement Securities (including, without limitation, pursuant to Rule 172), any
event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary, in the opinion of counsel for the Agents or for the
Company, to amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the Prospectus in order that the Prospectus will not include any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not
misleading in the light of the circumstances existing at the time it is delivered to a purchaser, or if it shall be necessary, in
the opinion of such counsel, at any such time to amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to
comply with the requirements of the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the Agents to suspend the offering of Placement
Securities during such period and the Company will promptly prepare and file with the Commission such amendment or supplement as may
be necessary to correct such statement or omission or to make the Registration Statement or the Prospectus comply with such
requirements, and the Company will furnish to the Agents such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Agents may
reasonably request. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or
development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted, conflicts or would conflict with the information
contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or included, includes or would include an untrue statement of a material
fact or omitted, omits or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made , not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Agents to suspend the offering of
Placement Securities during such period and the Company will, subject to Section&nbsp;7(a) hereof, promptly amend or supplement such
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Blue Sky and Other Qualifications</I>. The Company will promptly from time to time take such action as the Agents may
reasonably request to qualify the Placement Securities for offering and sale, or to obtain an exemption for the Securities to be offered
and sold, under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Agents may reasonably
designate and to maintain such qualifications and exemptions in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Securities
(but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement); <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the Company shall not
be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in
any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in
which it is not otherwise so subject. In each jurisdiction in which the Placement Securities have been so qualified or exempt, the Company
will file such statements and reports as may be required by the laws of such jurisdiction to continue such qualification or exemption,
as the case may be, in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Securities (but in no event for less than
one year from the date of this Agreement).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><I>Rule 158</I>. The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the Exchange Act as are necessary in order to make
generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Agents
the benefits contemplated by, the last paragraph of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Use of Proceeds</I>. The Company will use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Securities in the manner
specified in the Prospectus under &ldquo;Use of Proceeds.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Listing</I>. During any period in which the Prospectus relating to the Placement Securities is required to be delivered
by the Agents under the Securities Act with respect to a pending sale of the Placement Securities (including in circumstances where such
requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts
to cause the Placement Securities to be listed on the NYSE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;</FONT></FONT><I>Filings
with the NYSE</I>. The Company will timely file with the NYSE all material documents and notices required by the NYSE of companies that
have or will issue securities that are traded on the NYSE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;</FONT></FONT><I>Reporting
Requirements</I>. The Company, during any period when the Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act and the Exchange
Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), will file all
documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act within the time periods required by the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT> <I>Notice of Other Sales</I>. The Company will not, without (i) giving the Agents at least five (5) business days&rsquo;
prior written notice specifying the nature of the proposed sale and the date of such proposed sale and (ii) the Agents suspending activity
under this program for such period of time as requested by the Company or as deemed appropriate by the Agents in light of the proposed
sale, (A) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any
option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or
indirectly, any Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for or repayable with Common Stock, or file
any registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any of the foregoing (other than a shelf registration statement under
Rule 415 under the Securities Act, a registration statement on Form S-8 or post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement) or
(B) enter into any swap or other agreement or any transaction that transfers in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic
consequence of ownership of the Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for or repayable with
Common Stock, whether any such swap or transaction described in clause (A) or (B) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or
such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to (x) the Common Stock to be offered and sold through
the Agents pursuant to this Agreement, (y) Common Stock issuable pursuant to any Company&rsquo;s non-employee directors stock purchase
plan, dividend reinvestment plan, as may be amended or replaced from time to time and (z) equity incentive awards approved by the Board
of Directors or the compensation committee thereof or the issuance of Common Stock upon exercise or vesting thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><I>Change of Circumstances</I>. The Company will, at any time during a fiscal quarter in which the Company intends to tender
a Placement Notice or sell Placement Securities, advise the Agents promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge
thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document
provided to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Due Diligence Cooperation</I>. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agents
or its agents in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making
available documents and senior officers, during regular business hours and at the Company&rsquo;s principal offices, as the Agents may
reasonably request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Disclosure of Sales</I>. The Company will disclose in its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and in its annual report on
Form 10-K the number of Placement Securities sold through the Agents, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by
the Company to the Agents with respect to such Placement Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Representation Dates; Certificate</I>. On or prior to the date that the first Securities are sold pursuant to the terms
of this Agreement and:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>each time the Company:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></FONT>files
the Prospectus relating to the Placement Securities or amends or supplements the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to
the Placement Securities by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement (but not by means of incorporation of documents
by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Securities);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>files a quarterly report on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT></FONT>files
a current report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than an earnings release, to &ldquo;furnish&rdquo; information
pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K) under the Exchange Act; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT>at any other time reasonably requested by the Agents (each such date of filing of one or more of the documents referred
to in clauses (1)(i) through (iv) and any time of request pursuant to this Section&nbsp;7(o) shall be a &ldquo;<U>Representation Date</U>&rdquo;),</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">the Company shall furnish
the Agents with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit F</U> within three (3) Trading Days of any Representation Date.
The requirement to provide a certificate under this Section&nbsp;7(o) shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time
at which no Placement Notice (as amended by the corresponding Acceptance, if applicable) is pending, which waiver shall continue until
the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered
a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that such waiver shall not apply for
any Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently
decides to sell Placement Securities following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Agents
with a certificate under this Section&nbsp;7(o), then before the Company delivers the Placement Notice or any Agent sells any Placement
Securities, the Company shall provide the Agents with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit F</U>, dated the date of
the Placement Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(p)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Legal Opinion</I>. On or prior to the date that the first Securities are sold pursuant to the terms of this Agreement,
and within three (3) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate
in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit F</U> for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents
a written opinion of Winston &amp; Strawn LLP (&ldquo;<U>Company Counsel</U>&rdquo;), or other counsel satisfactory to the Agents, in
form and substance satisfactory to the Agents and its counsel, dated the date that the opinion is required to be delivered, substantially
similar to the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit E</U>, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
as then amended or supplemented; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that in lieu of such opinions for subsequent Representation Dates, counsel
may furnish the Agents with a letter (a &ldquo;<U>Reliance Letter</U>&rdquo;) to the effect that the Agents may rely on a prior opinion
delivered under this Section&nbsp;7(p) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such
prior opinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented at such Representation
Date).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(q)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT> <I>Comfort Letter</I>. On or prior to the date that the first Securities are sold pursuant to the terms of this Agreement,
and within three (3) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate
in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit F</U> for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause its independent accountants
(and any other independent accountants whose report is included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus) to furnish the Agents
letters (the &ldquo;<U>Comfort Letters</U>&rdquo;), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, in form and substance satisfactory
to the Agents, (i) confirming that they are an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act,
the Exchange Act and the PCAOB, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial
information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants&rsquo; &ldquo;comfort letters&rdquo; to underwriters in connection with
registered public offerings (the first such letter, the &ldquo;<U>Initial Comfort Letter</U>&rdquo;) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort
Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as
necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(r)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><I>Opinion of Counsel for the Agents</I>. On or prior to the date that the first Securities are sold pursuant to the terms
of this Agreement, and within three (3) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver
a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit F for which no waiver is applicable, the Agents shall have received the favorable
written opinion or opinions of Simpson Thacher &amp; Bartlett LLP, counsel for the Agents, dated such date, with respect to such matters
as the Agents may reasonably request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(s)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Market Activities</I>. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result
in, or that constitutes or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security
of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase the Securities to be issued and sold
pursuant to this Agreement, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Securities to be issued and sold pursuant to
this Agreement other than the Agents; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that the Company may bid for and purchase its Common Stock in accordance
with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act; and provided further, that no such bids or purchases shall be made by the Company during the
three (3) Trading Days before or after any sale of any Securities pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(t)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><I>Insurance</I>. The Company and its subsidiaries shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, insurance in such amounts
and covering such risks as is reasonable and customary for companies engaged in similar businesses, in similar industries and similar
locations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(u)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Compliance with Laws</I>. The Company and each of its subsidiaries shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, all material
environmental permits, licenses and other authorizations required by federal, state and local law in order to conduct their businesses
as described in the Prospectus, and the Company and each of its subsidiaries shall conduct their businesses, or cause their businesses
to be conducted, in substantial compliance with such permits, licenses and authorizations and with applicable environmental laws, except
where the failure to maintain or be in compliance with such permits, licenses and authorizations would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Investment Company Act</I>. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither
it nor its subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo;
as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act, assuming no change in the Commission&rsquo;s current interpretation as to entities
that are not considered an investment company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(w)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Securities Act and Exchange Act</I>. The Company will use its best efforts to comply with all requirements imposed upon
it by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of,
or dealings in, the Placement Securities as contemplated by the provisions hereof and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(x)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>No Offer to Sell</I>. Other than a free writing prospectus (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) approved
in advance in writing by the Company and the Agents in their capacity as principals or agents hereunder, the Company (including its agents
and representatives, other than the Agents in their capacity as such) will not, directly or indirectly, make, use, prepare, authorize,
approve or refer to any free writing prospectus relating to the Securities to be sold by the Agents as principals or agents hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(y)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</I>. The Company and its subsidiaries will use their best efforts to comply in all material respects
with all effective applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(z)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Regulation M</I>. If the Company has reason to believe that the exemptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation
M under the Exchange Act are not satisfied with respect to the Company or the Common Stock, it shall promptly notify the Agents and sales
of the Placement Securities under this Agreement shall be suspended until that or other exemptive provisions have been satisfied in the
judgment of each party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(aa)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><I>Chief Financial Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</I>. On or prior to the date that the first Securities are sold pursuant
to the terms of this Agreement, and within three (3) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated
to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit F</U> for which no waiver is applicable, the Agents shall have received
a certificate signed by the Company&rsquo;s chief financial officer or the Company&rsquo;s corporate controller and principal accounting
officer (i) with respect to certain financial data contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
(the first such letter, the &ldquo;<U>Chief Financial Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</U>&rdquo;) providing &ldquo;management comfort&rdquo;
with respect to such information and (ii) updating the Chief Financial Officer&rsquo;s Certificate with any information that would have
been included in the Chief Financial Officer&rsquo;s Certificate had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such certificate, in each case in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to the Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
8. Payment of Expenses</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><I>Expenses</I>.
The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the
preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and
of each amendment and supplement thereto, (ii) the word processing, printing and delivery to the Agents of this Agreement and such
other documents as may be required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement
Securities, (iii) the preparation, issuance, sale and delivery of the certificates for the Placement Securities to the Agents,
including any stock or other transfer taxes and any capital duties, stamp duties or other duties or taxes payable upon the issuance,
sale or delivery of the Placement Securities to the Agents, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other
advisors to the Company, (v) the qualification or exemption of the Placement Securities under securities laws in accordance with the
provisions of Section&nbsp;7(e) hereof, including filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Agents in
connection therewith and in connection with the preparation of the Blue Sky Survey and any supplements thereto (not to exceed
$10,000), (vi) the printing and delivery to the Agents of copies of any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and any
amendments or supplements thereto and any costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing by the Agents to
investors, (vii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Agents of copies of the Blue Sky Survey and any Canadian
 &ldquo;wrapper&rdquo; and any supplements thereto, (viii) the fees and expenses of the Custodian and the transfer agent and
registrar for the Securities, (ix) the filing fees incident to, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Agents
in connection with, the review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Securities (not to exceed $10,000), (x) the fees and
expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement Securities on the NYSE, (xi) the reasonable and documented
out-of-pocket fees and expenses of counsel for the Agents in amounts not to exceed in the aggregate $75,000 and (xiii) all other
costs and expenses incident to the Company&rsquo;s performance of its obligations hereunder for which provision is not otherwise
made in this Section 8.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Termination of Agreement</I>. If this Agreement is terminated by an Agent in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;9
or Section&nbsp;13(a)(i) hereof, the Company shall reimburse such Agent for all of their out of pocket expenses incurred prior to the
termination date payable pursuant to Section 8(a), including, for the avoidance of doubt, accrued but unpaid expenses of counsel for the
Agents pursuant to Section 8(a)(xi) above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
9. Conditions of the Agents&rsquo; Obligations</FONT>. The obligations of the Agents hereunder with respect to a Placement will be subject
to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement or in certificates
of any officer of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company delivered pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the
Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to the following further conditions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Effectiveness of Registration Statement</I>. The Registration Statement and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall
have become effective and shall be available for (i) all sales of Placement Securities issued pursuant to all prior Placement Notices
(each as amended by a corresponding Acceptance, if applicable) and (ii) the sale of all Placement Securities contemplated to be issued
by any Placement Notice (each as amended by a corresponding Acceptance, if applicable).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>No Material Notices</I>. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company
or any of its subsidiaries of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority
during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or
supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental
authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that
purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification
of any of the Placement Securities for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose;
(iv) the occurrence of any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or any Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus, or any material document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material
respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, related Prospectus, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus,
or such documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and,
that in the case of the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>No Misstatement or Material Omission</I>. None of the Agents shall have advised the Company that the Registration Statement
or Prospectus, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that
in such Agent&rsquo;s reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in such Agent&rsquo;s opinion is material and is required
to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Material Changes</I>. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company&rsquo;s reports filed with
the Commission, there shall not have been any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the results of operations,
business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course
of business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Opinion of Counsel for Company</I>. The Agents shall have received the favorable opinion of Company Counsel, required
to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(p) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinion is required pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(p).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT><I>Representation Certificate</I>. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(o)
on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(o).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Accountant&rsquo;s Comfort Letter</I>. The Agents shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant
Section&nbsp;7(q) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinion is required pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(q).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT> <I>Approval for Listing</I>. The Placement Securities shall either have been (i) approved for listing on NYSE, subject
only to notice of issuance, or (ii) the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Securities on NYSE at, or
prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>No Suspension</I>. Trading in the Securities shall not have been suspended on the NYSE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Additional Documents</I>. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section&nbsp;7(o),
counsel for the Agents shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may reasonably require for the purpose of enabling
them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations
or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, contained in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Securities Act Filings Made</I>. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have
been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for
such filing by Rule 424.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Termination of Agreement</I>. If any condition specified in this Section&nbsp;9 shall not have been fulfilled when and
as required to be fulfilled, this Agreement may be terminated by any Agent by notice to the Company, and such termination shall be without
liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section&nbsp;8 hereof and except that, in the case of any termination
of this Agreement, Sections&nbsp;5, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 22 hereof shall survive such termination and remain in full force and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Chief Financial Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</I>. The Agents shall have received the Chief Financial Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
required to be delivered pursuant Section&nbsp;7(aa) on or before the date on which such delivery of such certificate is required pursuant
to Section&nbsp;7(aa).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
10. Indemnification</FONT>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Indemnification by the Company</I>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Agent, its affiliates (as
such term is defined in Rule 501(b) of the Securities Act), and each person, if any, who controls any Agent within the meaning of Section
15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT>against
any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, arising out of any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including any information
deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact included (A) in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement
thereto) or (B) in any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the prior approval of, the Company in connection
with the marketing of any offering of Securities (&ldquo;<U>Marketing Materials</U>&rdquo;), including any roadshow or investor
presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom
of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, to the extent of the aggregate amount
paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,
or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided
that (subject to Section&nbsp;10(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and disbursements
of one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) chosen by the Agent), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against
any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever
based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense
is not paid under (i) or (ii) above,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that this indemnity
agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission
or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agent Information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Indemnification by the Agents</I>. Each Agent agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company,
its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the
meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense
described in the indemnity contained in subsection (a) of this Section&nbsp;10, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements
or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), any Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agent Information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239; </FONT></FONT><I>Actions
against Parties; Notification</I>. Each indemnified party shall give notice as promptly as reasonably practicable to each
indemnifying party of any action commenced against it in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, but failure to so
notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve such indemnifying party from any liability hereunder to the extent it is not
materially prejudiced as a result thereof and in any event shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have otherwise than
on account of this indemnity agreement. Counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected as follows: counsel to the Agents and
each person, if any, who controls an Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act
shall be selected by the Agents; and counsel to the Company, its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration
Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of
the Exchange Act shall be selected by the Company. An indemnifying party may participate at its own expense in the defense of any
such action; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the consent of the
indemnified party) also be counsel to the indemnified party. In no event shall the indemnifying parties be liable for the fees and
expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) separate from their own counsel for the Agents and each person,
if any, who controls an Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, and the fees
and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) separate from their own counsel for the Company, its
directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the
meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, in each case in connection with any one action or
separate but similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances. No
indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry
of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or
threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought under this Section&nbsp;10
or Section&nbsp;11 hereof (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement,
compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such
litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or
a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;
</FONT></FONT><I>Settlement Without Consent if Failure to Reimburse</I>. If at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying
party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for
any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section&nbsp;10(a)(ii) effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered
into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received
notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (iii) such indemnifying party
shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
11. Contribution</FONT>. If the indemnification provided for in Section&nbsp;10 hereof is for any reason unavailable to or
insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses referred to
therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount of such losses, liabilities, claims, damages and
expenses incurred by such indemnified party, as incurred, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits
received by the Company on the one hand and the relevant Agent on the other hand from the offering of the Securities pursuant to
this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is
appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on
the one hand and of the relevant Agent on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The relative benefits received
by the Company on the one hand and the relevant Agent on the other hand in connection with the offering of the Securities pursuant to
this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Securities
pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the total commissions received by the Agents, in each
case as set forth in the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate public offering price of the Securities as set forth in the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The relative fault of the
Company on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue
or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied
by the Company or by the Agents and the parties&rsquo; relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or
prevent such statement or omission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company and the Agents
agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section&nbsp;11 were determined by pro rata allocation
or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section&nbsp;11.
The aggregate amount of losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by an indemnified party and referred to above in this
Section&nbsp;11 shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in investigating,
preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,
or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the provisions
of this Section&nbsp;11, no Agent shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No person guilty of fraudulent
misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who
was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this Section&nbsp;11,
each person, if any, who controls any Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act shall
have the same rights to contribution as such Agent, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration
Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the
Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION
12. Representations, Warranties and Agreements to Survive Delivery</FONT>. All representations, warranties and agreements contained in
this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries submitted pursuant hereto, shall remain operative
and in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Agents or a controlling person, or by or on
behalf of the Company, and shall survive delivery of the Securities to the Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">SECTION 13. Termination
of Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>Termination;
General</I>. Each Agent may terminate this Agreement, solely with respect to such Agent, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified
at any time (i)&nbsp;if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given
in the Prospectus, any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the results of operations, business affairs
or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business,
or (ii)&nbsp;if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial
markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective
change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it,
in the judgment of such Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Securities or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Securities,
or (iii)&nbsp;if trading in the Placement Securities has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the NYSE, or if trading generally
on the American Stock Exchange, the NYSE or the Nasdaq Global Market has been suspended or limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading
have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices have been required, by any of said exchanges or by order of the Commission, the FINRA or
any other governmental authority, or a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services
in the United States or in Europe, or (iv)&nbsp;if a banking moratorium has been declared by either Federal or New York authorities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>Termination
by the Company</I>. The Company shall have the right, by giving three (3)&nbsp;days&rsquo; notice as hereinafter specified to terminate
this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>Termination
by the Agents</I>. Each Agent shall have the right by giving three (3)&nbsp;days&rsquo; notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this
Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement, solely with respect to such Agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>Automatic
Termination</I>. Unless earlier terminated pursuant to this Section&nbsp;13, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance
and sale of all of the Placement Securities through the Agents on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein with an aggregate
sale price equal to the Maximum Amount.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>Continued
Force and Effect</I>. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections&nbsp;13(a), (b), (c)&nbsp;or
(d)&nbsp;above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>Effectiveness
of Termination</I>. Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; <I>provided</I>,
<I>however</I>, that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the
Agents or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Securities,
such Placement Securities shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><I>Liabilities</I>.
If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section&nbsp;13, such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other
party except as provided in Section&nbsp;8 hereof, and except that, in the case of any termination of this Agreement, Section&nbsp;5,
Section&nbsp;10, Section&nbsp;11, Section&nbsp;12, Section&nbsp;15 and Section&nbsp;22 hereof shall survive such termination and remain
in full force and effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;14.
</FONT>Notices. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and
shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed, emailed or transmitted by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Agents
shall be directed to Wells Fargo Securities at Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, 500 West 33<SUP>rd</SUP> Street, New York, New York 10001,
Attention: Equity Syndicate Department and the Special Equities Desk facsimile (212) 214-5918, Attention of Equity Syndicate Department,
to Janney Montgomery Scott LLC at Janney Montgomery Scott, Three Logan Square, 1717 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19103, to RBC Capital Markets
at RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Attention: Equity Syndicate, 200 Vesey Street, 8<SUP>th</SUP> Floor, New York, New York 10281, Attention:
TJ Opladen, facsimile: (212) 428-6260 and email: tj.opladen@rbccm.com, and to Siebert Williams Shank at Siebert Williams Shank&nbsp;&amp;
Co., LLC, 100 Wall Street, 18<SUP>th</SUP> Floor, New York, New York 10005, Attention: Corporate Finance, CorporateFinanceGroup@siebertwilliams.com;
notices to the Company shall be directed to it at 630 E. Foothill Boulevard, San Dimas, California 91773, Attention: Eva Tang, egtang@gswater.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;15.
</FONT>Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
the event that any Agent that is a Covered Entity and becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer
from such Agent of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as
the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were
governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
the event that any Agent that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Agent becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special
Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Agent are permitted to be exercised to no greater
extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws
of the United States or a state of the United States.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;16.
</FONT>Parties. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon each Agent, the Company and their respective successors.
Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, firm or corporation, other than
the Agents, the Company and their respective successors and the controlling persons and officers and directors referred to in Sections&nbsp;10
and 11 and their heirs and legal representatives, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement
or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive
benefit of each Agent, the Company and their respective successors, and said controlling persons and officers and directors and their
heirs and legal representatives, and for the benefit of no other person, firm or corporation. No purchaser of Securities from any Agent
shall be deemed to be a successor by reason merely of such purchase.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;17.
</FONT>Adjustments for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all stock-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall
be adjusted to take into account any stock split, stock dividend or similar event effected with respect to the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;18.
</FONT>Governing Law and Time. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;19.
</FONT>Effect of Headings. The Section&nbsp;and Exhibit&nbsp;headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction
hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;20.
</FONT>Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of
which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the others may be made
by e-mail transmission. The words &ldquo;execution,&rdquo; &ldquo;signed,&rdquo; &ldquo;signature,&rdquo; and words of like import in
this Agreement or in any other certificate, agreement or document related to this Agreement, if any, shall include images of manually
executed signatures transmitted by electronic format (including, without limitation, &ldquo;pdf,&rdquo; &ldquo;tif&rdquo; or &ldquo;jpg&rdquo;)
and other electronic signatures (including, without limitation, DocuSign and AdobeSign). The use of electronic signatures and electronic
records (including, without limitation, any contract or other record created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored by electronic
means) shall be of the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as a manually executed signature or use of a paper-based record-keeping
system to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce
Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act and any other applicable law, including, without limitation, any state law
based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or the Uniform Commercial Code.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;21.
</FONT>Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Applicable Time</U>&rdquo;
means the time of each sale of any Securities or any securities pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>BHC Act Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
has the meaning assigned to the term &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo; in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. &sect; 1841(k).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Capital Stock</U>&rdquo;
means any Common Stock, Preferred Stock or other capital stock of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Code</U>&rdquo;
means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Company Documents</U>&rdquo;
means any contracts, indentures, mortgages, deeds of trust, loan or credit agreements, bonds, notes, debentures, evidences of indebtedness,
leases or other instruments or agreements to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of
its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject including, without
limitation, all Subject Instruments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Covered Entity</U>&rdquo;
means any of (i)&nbsp;a &ldquo;covered entity&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect;
252.82(b), (ii)&nbsp;a &ldquo;covered bank&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect; 47.3(b),
or (iii)&nbsp;a &ldquo;covered FSI&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect; 382.2(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Default Right</U>&rdquo;
has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect;&sect; 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as
applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>EDGAR</U>&rdquo;
means the Commission&rsquo;s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Employee Benefit
Plan</U>&rdquo; means (a)&nbsp;any &ldquo;employee benefit plan&rdquo; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;3(3)&nbsp;of ERISA that is maintained
for employees of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate or (b)&nbsp;any Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan that has at any time within the
preceding five years been maintained, funded or administered for the employees of the Company or any current or former ERISA Affiliate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>ERISA</U>&rdquo;
means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>ERISA Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any person or entity who, together with the Company or any of its subsidiaries is treated as a single employer within the meaning
of Section&nbsp;414(b), (c), (m)&nbsp;or (o)&nbsp;of the Code or Section&nbsp;4001(b)&nbsp;of ERISA.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>FINRA</U>&rdquo;
means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;
means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Investment Company
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus</U>&rdquo; means any &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;433, relating to the Securities
that (i)&nbsp;is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii)&nbsp;is a &ldquo;road show&rdquo; that is a &ldquo;written
communication&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;433(d)(8)(i)&nbsp;whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (iii)&nbsp;is
exempt from filing pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433(d)(5)(i)&nbsp;because it contains a description of the Securities or of the offering that
does not reflect the final terms, and all free writing prospectuses that are listed in <U>Exhibit&nbsp;G</U> hereto, in each case in the
form furnished (electronically or otherwise) to the Agents for use in connection with the offering of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Lien</U>&rdquo;
means any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance, claim or equity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Multiemployer Plan</U>&rdquo;
means a &ldquo;multiemployer plan&rdquo; as defined in Section&nbsp;4001(a)(3)&nbsp;of ERISA to which the Company or any ERISA Affiliate
is making, or is accruing an obligation to make, or has accrued an obligation to make contributions within the preceding five years, or
to which the Company or any ERISA Affiliate has an liability (contingent or otherwise).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>NYSE</U>&rdquo;
means The New York Stock Exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Organizational Documents</U>&rdquo;
means (a)&nbsp;in the case of a corporation, its charter and bylaws; (b)&nbsp;in the case of a limited or general partnership, its partnership
certificate, certificate of formation or similar organizational document and its partnership agreement; (c)&nbsp;in the case of a limited
liability company, its articles of organization, certificate of formation or similar organizational documents and its operating agreement,
limited liability company agreement, membership agreement or other similar agreement; (d)&nbsp;in the case of a trust, its certificate
of trust, certificate of formation or similar organizational document and its trust agreement or other similar agreement; and (e)&nbsp;in
the case of any other entity, the organizational and governing documents of such entity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Pension Plan</U>&rdquo;
means any Employee Benefit Plan, other than a Multiemployer Plan, which is subject to the provision of Title IV of ERISA or Section&nbsp;412
of the Code and which (a)&nbsp;is maintained, funded or administered for the employees of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate, (b)&nbsp;has
at any time within the preceding five years been maintained, funded or administered for the employees of the Company or any current or
former ERISA Affiliates or (c)&nbsp;the Company or any ERISA Affiliate has any liability (contingent or otherwise).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Repayment Event</U>&rdquo;
means any event or condition which gives the holder of any bond, note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting
on such holder&rsquo;s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by
the Company or any subsidiary of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;163</U>,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;164</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;172</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;405</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;415</U>,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;424(b)</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;430B</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;433</U>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<U>Rule&nbsp;462(b)</U>&rdquo;
refer to such rules&nbsp;under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U>&rdquo;
means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder or implementing the provisions thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Subject Instruments</U>&rdquo;
means all existing material credit agreements and indebtedness described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus and other material
instruments, agreements and documents relating to indebtedness filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the Registration Statement
pursuant to Rule&nbsp;601(b)(10)&nbsp;of Regulation S-K of the Commission; provided that if any instrument, agreement or other document
filed or incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Registration Statement as aforesaid has been redacted or if any portion thereof
has been deleted or is otherwise not included as part of such exhibit (whether pursuant to a request for confidential treatment or otherwise),
the term &ldquo;Subject Instruments&rdquo; shall nonetheless mean such instrument, agreement or other document, as the case may be, in
its entirety, including any portions thereof which shall have been so redacted, deleted or otherwise not filed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>Termination Event</U>&rdquo;
means the occurrence of any of the following which, individually or in the aggregate, has resulted or would reasonably be expected to
result in a Material Adverse Effect: (a)&nbsp;a &ldquo;Reportable Event&rdquo; described in Section&nbsp;4043 of ERISA, with respect to
a Pension Plan, unless the thirty-day notice requirement has been duly waived under the applicable regulations or otherwise by the PBGC,
or (b)&nbsp;the withdrawal of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate from a Pension Plan during a plan year in which it was a &ldquo;substantial
employer&rdquo; as defined in Section&nbsp;4001(a)(2)&nbsp;of ERISA or a cessation of operations that is treated as such a withdrawal
under Section&nbsp;4062(e)&nbsp;of ERISA, or (c)&nbsp;the termination of a Pension Plan, the filing of a notice of intent to terminate
a Pension Plan or the treatment of a Pension Plan amendment as a termination, under Section&nbsp;4041 of ERISA, if the plan assets of
such Pension Plan are not sufficient to pay all plan liabilities, or (d)&nbsp;the institution of proceedings to terminate, or the appointment
of a trustee with respect to, any Pension Plan by the PBGC, or (e)&nbsp;any other event or condition which would constitute grounds under
Section&nbsp;4042(a)&nbsp;of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Pension Plan, or (f)&nbsp;the
imposition of a lien pursuant to Section&nbsp;430(k)&nbsp;of the Code or Section&nbsp;303 of ERISA, with respect to any Pension Plan,
or (g)&nbsp;the determination that any Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan is considered an at-risk plan or plan in endangered or critical
status within the meaning of Sections 430, 431 or 432 of the Code or Sections 303, 304 or 305 of ERISA or (h)&nbsp;the partial or complete
withdrawal of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan if withdrawal liability is asserted by such plan, or (i)&nbsp;any
event or condition which results in the reorganization or insolvency of a Multiemployer Plan under Section&nbsp;4245 of ERISA, or (j)&nbsp;any
event or condition which results in the termination of a Multiemployer Plan under Section&nbsp;4041A of ERISA or the institution by PBGC
of proceedings to terminate a Multiemployer Plan under Section&nbsp;4042 of ERISA, or (k)&nbsp;the imposition of any liability under Title
IV of ERISA, other than for PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section&nbsp;4007 of ERISA, upon the Company or any ERISA Affiliate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<U>U.S. Special Resolution
Regime</U>&rdquo; means each of (i)&nbsp;the Federal Deposit Insurance Act of 1950, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder
and (ii)&nbsp;Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended, and the regulations promulgated
thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All references in this Agreement
to financial statements and schedules and other information that is &ldquo;contained,&rdquo; &ldquo;included&rdquo; &ldquo;stated&rdquo;
or &ldquo;disclosed&rdquo; in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to
mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All references in this Agreement
to the Registration Statement, any Rule&nbsp;462(b)&nbsp;Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any
of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to
any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433, are not required
to be filed with the Commission) shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references
in this Agreement to &ldquo;supplements&rdquo; to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, &ldquo;wrappers&rdquo;
or similar materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Securities by the Agents outside
of the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;22.
</FONT>Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the
Agents, and each Agent represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, it has not made and will
not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute
a &ldquo;free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing
prospectus consented to by the Agents or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a &ldquo;Permitted Free Writing
Prospectus.&rdquo; The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus
as an &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements
of Rule&nbsp;433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending
and record keeping. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in <U>Exhibit&nbsp;G</U>
hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">SECTION&nbsp;23.
</FONT>Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Each
Agent is acting solely as agent and/or principal in connection with the public offering of the Securities and in connection with each
transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between
the Company or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on
the one hand, and each Agent, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement, irrespective of whether or not any Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and each Agent has no obligation
to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the
public offering price of the Securities set forth in this Agreement was not established by the Agents;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">it
is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the
Agents have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">it
is aware that the Agents and their respective affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that
differ from those of the Company and the Agents have no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue
of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">it
waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against any Agent for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach
of fiduciary duty and agrees that no Agent shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it
in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company,
employees or creditors of Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[<I>Signature Page&nbsp;Follows</I>.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the foregoing is in accordance
with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to the Company a counterpart hereof, whereupon this instrument, along
with all counterparts, will become a binding agreement between the Agents and the Company in accordance with its terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very
    truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AMERICAN
    STATES WATER COMPANY</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 47%"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Eva G. Tang</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: Eva G. Tang</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Senior Vice President &ndash; Finance, Chief Financial
Officer, Corporate Secretary and Treasurer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONFIRMED
    AND ACCEPTED, as of the date first above written:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WELLS
    FARGO SECURITIES, LLC</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 47%">/s/ Michael Tiedemann</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; background-color: White">Name: Michael Tiedemann</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; background-color: White">Title: Managing Director</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">JANNEY
    MONTGOMERY SCOTT LLC</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 47%">/s/ David Lau</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: David Lau&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Managing Director - Head of Equities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">RBC
    CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 47%">/s/ Young Kim</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: Young Kim&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Managing Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SIEBERT
    WILLIAMS SHANK&nbsp;&amp; CO., LLC</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 47%">/s/ David A. Finkelstein</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: David A. Finkelstein, CFA&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Senior Managing Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;A</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF PLACEMENT NOTICE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in">From:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;]</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in">Cc:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;]</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in">To:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;]</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Subject: Equity Distribution&mdash;Placement Notice</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the terms and
subject to the conditions contained in the Equity Distribution Agreement among American States Water Company (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;),
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, RBC Capital Markets, LLC and Siebert Williams Shank&nbsp;&amp; Co., LLC (each
an &ldquo;<U>Agent</U>&rdquo; and together, the &ldquo;<U>Agents</U>&rdquo;) dated February&nbsp;27, 2024 (the &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;),&nbsp;I
hereby request on behalf of the Company that [<I>applicable Agent</I>] sell up to [&#9679;] shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock,
no par value, at a minimum market price of $[&#9679;] per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The daily issuance of the
above referenced common shares should not represent any more than [&bull;]% of the Company&rsquo;s average daily trading volume on any
given day, and should be issued between [&bull;], 20[&bull;] and [&bull;], 20[&bull;].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>[ADDITIONAL SALES PARAMETERS MAY&nbsp;BE ADDED,
SUCH AS SPECIFIC DATES ON WHICH THE SHARES MAY&nbsp;NOT BE SOLD, THE MANNER IN WHICH SALES ARE TO BE MADE BY THE AGENT AND/OR THE CAPACITY
IN WHICH THE AGENT MAY&nbsp;ACT IN SELLING SHARES (AS PRINCIPAL, AGENT OR BOTH)]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;B</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AUTHORIZED INDIVIDUALS FOR PLACEMENT NOTICES
AND ACCEPTANCES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;C</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>COMPENSATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">An Agent shall be paid compensation
equal to 1.5% of the gross proceeds from the sales of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;D</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SUBSIDIARIES OF THE COMPANY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;E</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&nbsp;OF OPINION OF COMPANY COUNSEL</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;F</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OFFICER&rsquo;S CERTIFICATE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&nbsp;G</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ISSUER FREE WRITING PROSPECTUSES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<TYPE>EX-5.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit&nbsp;5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="tm247195d1_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 71px; width: 624px"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">February&nbsp;27, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">American States Water Company</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">630 East Foothill Blvd.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">San Dimas, CA 91773</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in">Re:&nbsp; <U>$200,000,000 of Common
Shares, no par value, of American States Water Company</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as counsel to
American States Water Company, a California corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), in connection with the preparation and filing
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo;), of (i)&nbsp;the registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (File No.&nbsp;333-277365) (the &ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;)
initially filed with the Commission on February&nbsp;26, 2024, (ii)&nbsp;the base prospectus dated February&nbsp;26, 2024, forming a part
of the Registration Statement (the &ldquo;<U>Base Prospectus</U>&rdquo;) and (iii)&nbsp;the prospectus supplement in the form filed with
the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b)&nbsp;under the Securities Act on February&nbsp;27, 2024 (together with the Base Prospectus,
the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus Supplement</U>&rdquo;) in connection with an &ldquo;at the market offering&rdquo; by the Company of the Company&rsquo;s
common shares, no par value per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $200,000,000 (the &ldquo;<U>Shares</U>&rdquo;), covered
by the Registration Statement. The Shares are being sold pursuant to an Equity Distribution Agreement, dated February&nbsp;27, 2024 (the
 &ldquo;<U>Equity Distribution Agreement</U>&rdquo;), by and between the Company and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Janney Montgomery Scott
LLC, RBC Capital Markets LLC, and Siebert Williams Shank&nbsp;&amp; Co., LLC, as the Sales Agents (the &ldquo;<U>Sales Agents</U>&rdquo;).
We understand that the Shares are to be offered and sold in the manner described in the Prospectus Supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion letter is being
delivered in accordance with the requirements of Item&nbsp;601(b)(5)&nbsp;of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In rendering the opinion set
forth below, we have examined and relied upon such certificates, corporate records, agreements, instruments and other documents that we
considered necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinion, including (i)&nbsp;the Registration Statement, (ii)&nbsp;the Prospectus
Supplement and (iii)&nbsp;the Equity Distribution Agreement. In our examination, we have assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons,
the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies, the authenticity
of the originals of such latter documents and that the Equity Distribution Agreement constitutes the valid and binding obligation of each
party thereto (other than the Company) enforceable against each such party in accordance with its terms. As to any facts material to this
opinion that we did not independently establish or verify, we have relied upon oral or written statements and representations of officers
and other representatives of the Company and others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">February 27, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page 2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Based upon the foregoing and
subject to the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized
and, when the Shares are delivered against payment of the agreed consideration therefor in accordance with the Equity Distribution Agreement,
the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing opinion is limited
to the laws of the State of California, as currently in effect. We express no opinion with respect to any other laws, statutes, regulations
or ordinances. The opinion expressed herein that is based on the laws of the State of California is limited to the laws generally applicable
in transactions of the type covered by the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We hereby consent to the filing
of this opinion as an exhibit to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K to be filed with the Commission on February&nbsp;27,
2024 and its incorporation by reference into the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption &ldquo;Legal
Matters&rdquo; in the Prospectus Supplement included in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not concede that we
are experts within the meaning of the Securities Act or the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder or that this consent is required by
Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Winston&nbsp;&amp; Strawn LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>awr-20240227_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140599629021520">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 27, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Feb. 27,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-14431<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">AMERICAN STATES WATER COMPANY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001056903<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">95-4676679<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">630 East Foothill Blvd.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">San Dimas<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">91773-1212<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">909<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">394-3600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">American
    States Water Company Common Shares<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">AWR<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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