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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jan. 02, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Cheesecake Factory Incorporated and its wholly owned subsidiaries (referred to herein as the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). All intercompany accounts and transactions for the periods presented have been eliminated in consolidation.

We utilize a 52/53-week fiscal year ending on the Tuesday closest to December 31 for financial reporting purposes. Fiscal years 2017 and 2015 each consisted of 52 weeks, while fiscal year 2016 consisted of 53 weeks.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions for the reporting periods covered by the financial statements. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Amounts receivable from credit card processors, totaling $13.8 million and $12.2 million at January 2, 2018 and January 3, 2017, respectively, are considered cash equivalents because they are both short-term and highly liquid in nature and are typically converted to cash within three days of the sales transaction. Our cash management system provides for the funding of all major bank disbursement accounts on a daily basis as checks are presented for payment. Under this system, outstanding checks are in excess of the cash balances at certain banks, which creates book overdrafts. Book overdrafts are presented as a current liability in other accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheet.

Accounts and Other Receivables

Accounts and Other Receivables

Our accounts receivable principally result from credit sales to bakery customers. Other receivables consist primarily of amounts due from our gift card distributors and landlords.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents and receivables. We maintain our day-to-day operating cash balances in non-interest-bearing transaction accounts, which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. We invest our excess cash in a money market deposit account, which is insured by the FDIC up to $250,000. Although we maintain balances that exceed the federally insured limit, we have not experienced any losses related to this balance, and we believe credit risk to be minimal.

We consider the concentration of credit risk for accounts receivable to be minimal due to the payment histories and general financial condition of our larger bakery customers. Concentration of credit risk related to other receivables is limited as this balance is comprised primarily of amounts due from our gift card distributors and landlords.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The fair value of deemed landlord financing liabilities is determined using current applicable rates for similar instruments as of the balance sheet date in accordance with Level 2 of a three-level hierarchy established by accounting standards. Level 2 inputs are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities. At January 2, 2018, the fair value of our deemed landlord financing liabilities was $112.1 million versus a carrying value of $113.5 million.

Inventories

Inventories consist of restaurant food and other supplies, bakery raw materials, and bakery finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on an average cost basis at the restaurants and on a first-in, first-out basis at the bakeries.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

We record property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation. Improvements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets or the lease term, whichever is shorter. Leasehold improvements include the cost of our internal development and construction department. Depreciation and amortization periods are as follows:

Buildings and land improvements		25 to 30 years
Leasehold improvements		10 to 30 years
Furnishings, fixtures and equipment		3 to 15 years
Computer software and equipment		5 years

Gains and losses related to property and equipment disposals are recorded in depreciation and amortization expenses.

Indefinite-Lived Assets

Indefinite-Lived Assets

Our trademarks and transferable alcoholic beverage licenses have indefinite lives and, therefore, are not subject to amortization. At January 2, 2018 and January 3, 2017, the amounts included in intangibles, net for these items were $15.2 million and $14.6 million, respectively. We test these assets for impairment at least annually by comparing the fair value of each asset with its carrying amount.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Lease Terminations

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Lease Terminations

We assess the potential impairment of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets or asset group may not be recoverable. Factors considered include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner in which an asset is being used, an expectation that an asset will be disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life and significant negative industry or economic trends. We regularly review restaurants that are cash flow negative for the previous four quarters and those that are being considered for closure or relocation to determine if impairment testing is warranted. At any given time, we may be monitoring a small number of locations, and future impairment charges could be required if individual restaurant performance does not improve or we make the decision to close or relocate a restaurant.

We have determined that our asset group for impairment testing is comprised of the assets and liabilities of each of our individual restaurants, as this is the lowest level of identifiable cash flows. We have identified leasehold improvements as the primary asset because it is the most significant component of our restaurant assets, it is the principal asset from which our restaurants derive their cash flow generating capacity and it has the longest remaining useful life. The recoverability is assessed in most cases by comparing the carrying value of the assets to the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by these assets. Impairment losses are measured as the amount by which the carrying values of the assets exceed their fair values.

In fiscal 2017, we recorded $10.3 million of accelerated depreciation and impairment expense related to three The Cheesecake Factory restaurants, including one relocation and one lease expiration, and one Grand Lux Cafe. In fiscal 2016, we recorded $0.1 million of accelerated depreciation expense related to the planned relocation of one The Cheesecake Factory restaurant, which subsequently took place in fiscal 2017. In fiscal 2015, we recorded a $6.0 million impairment charge related to our first Rock Sugar Pan Asian Kitchen restaurant. These amounts were recorded in impairment of assets and lease terminations.

Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

During fiscal years 2016 and 2017, we made minority equity investments in two restaurant concepts, North Italia and Flower Child. Since we hold a number of rights with regard to participation in policy-making processes, but do not control these entities, we account for these investments under the equity method. We recognize our proportionate share of the reported earnings or losses of these entities in interest and other expense, net on the consolidated statements of income and as an adjustment to other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Our revenues consist of sales from our restaurant operations, sales from our bakery operations to our licensees and other third-party customers and royalties on our licensees’ restaurant sales and consumer packaged goods. Revenues from restaurant sales are recognized when payment is tendered at the point of sale. Revenues from bakery sales are recognized upon transfer of title and risk to customers. Royalties from licensees are accrued as revenues when earned. Revenues are presented net of sales taxes. Sales tax collected is included in other accrued expenses until the taxes are remitted to the appropriate taxing authorities.

We recognize a liability upon the sale of our gift cards and recognize revenue when these gift cards are redeemed in our restaurants. Based on our historical redemption patterns, we can reasonably estimate the amount of gift cards for which redemption is remote, which is referred to as “breakage.” Breakage is recognized over a three-year period in proportion to historical redemption trends and is classified as revenues in our consolidated statements of income. We recognized $7.9 million, $7.6 million and $6.6 million of gift card breakage in fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Incremental direct costs related to gift card sales, including commissions and credit card fees, are deferred and recognized in earnings in the same pattern as the related gift card revenue.

Certain of our promotional programs include multiple element arrangements that incorporate both delivered and undelivered components. We allocate revenue using the relative selling price of each deliverable and recognize it upon delivery of each component.

Leases

We currently lease all of our restaurant locations. We evaluate each lease to determine its appropriate classification as an operating or capital lease for financial reporting purposes. All of our restaurant leases are classified as operating leases. Minimum base rent, which generally escalates over the term of the lease, is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The initial lease term includes the build-out period for our leases, where no rent payments are typically due under the terms of the lease. Contingent rent expense, which is based on a percentage of revenues, is recorded as incurred to the extent it exceeds minimum base rent per the lease agreement.

We expend cash for leasehold improvements and furnishings, fixtures and equipment to build out and equip our leased premises. We may also expend cash for structural additions that we make to leased premises. Generally a portion of the leasehold improvements and building costs are reimbursed to us by our landlords as construction contributions. If obtained, landlord construction contributions usually take the form of up-front cash, full or partial credits against our future minimum or percentage rents, or a combination thereof. Depending on the specifics of the leased space and the lease agreement, amounts paid for structural components are recorded during the construction period as either prepaid rent or property and equipment and the landlord construction contributions are recorded as either an offset to prepaid rent or as a deemed landlord financing liability.

For those leases for which we are deemed the owner of the property during construction, upon completion, we perform an analysis to determine if they qualify for sale-leaseback treatment. For those qualifying leases, the deemed landlord financing liability and the associated property and equipment are removed and the difference is reclassified to either prepaid or deferred rent and amortized over the lease term as an increase or decrease to rent expense. If the lease does not qualify for sale-leaseback treatment, the deemed landlord financing liability is amortized over the lease term based on the rent payments designated in the lease agreement.

Self-Insurance Liabilities

Self-Insurance Liabilities

We retain the financial responsibility for a significant portion of our risks and associated liabilities with respect to workers’ compensation, general liability, staff member health benefits, employment practices and other insurable risks. The accrued liabilities associated with our self-insured programs are based on our estimate of the ultimate costs to settle known claims, as well as claims incurred but not yet reported to us (“IBNR”) as of the balance sheet date and are recorded in other accrued expenses. Our estimated liabilities are based on information provided by our insurance brokers and insurers, combined with our judgment regarding a number of assumptions and factors, including the frequency and severity of claims, claims development history, case jurisdiction, applicable legislation and our claims settlement practices. We maintain stop-loss coverage with third-party insurers to limit our individual claim exposure for many of our programs. The estimated amounts receivable from our third-party insurers under this coverage are recorded in other receivables.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

We maintain stock-based incentive plans under which equity awards may be granted to staff members and consultants. We account for the awards based on fair value measurement guidance and amortize to expense over the vesting period using a straight-line or graded-vesting schedule, as applicable. (See Note 12 for further discussion of our stock-based compensation.)

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs

We expense advertising production costs at the time the advertising first takes place. All other advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Most of our advertising costs are included in other operating costs and expenses and were $6.1 million, $7.4 million and $5.0 million in fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Preopening Costs

Preopening Costs

Preopening costs include all costs to relocate and compensate restaurant management staff members during the preopening period, costs to recruit and train hourly restaurant staff members, and wages, travel and lodging costs for our opening training team and other support staff members. Also included are expenses for maintaining a roster of trained managers for pending openings, the associated temporary housing and other costs necessary to relocate managers in alignment with future restaurant opening and operating needs, and corporate travel and support activities. We expense preopening costs as incurred.

Income Taxes

We provide for federal, state and foreign income taxes currently payable and for deferred taxes that result from differences between financial accounting rules and tax laws governing the timing of recognition of various income and expense items. We recognize deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the future tax effects of such temporary differences based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities using the statutory rates expected in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes of any enacted change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Income tax credits are recorded as a reduction of tax expense.

We account for uncertain tax positions under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance, which requires that a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return be recognized (or derecognized) in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50%) that the position would be sustained on its technical merits upon examination by tax authorities, taking into account available administrative remedies and litigation. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate resolution. We recognize interest related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recorded in general and administrative expenses.

Net Income per Share

Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. At January 2, 2018, January 3, 2017 and December 29, 2015, 1.7 million, 1.9 million and 1.9 million shares, respectively, of restricted stock issued to staff members were unvested and, therefore, excluded from the calculation of basic earnings per share for the fiscal years ended on those dates. Diluted net income per share includes the dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards, calculated using the treasury stock method. Assumed proceeds from the in-the-money options include the windfall tax benefits, net of shortfalls, calculated under the “as-if” method as prescribed by FASB Accounting Standards Codification 718, “Compensation — Stock Option Compensation.”

		Fiscal Year
		2017			2016			2015
		(In thousands, except per share data)

Net income		$	157,392		$	139,494		$	116,523


Basic weighted average shares outstanding		46,930			47,981			48,833
Dilutive effect of equity awards		1,222			1,391			1,772


Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		48,152			49,372			50,605


Basic net income per share		$	3.35		$	2.91		$	2.39


Diluted net income per share		$	3.27		$	2.83		$	2.30

Shares of common stock equivalents of 1.6 million, 1.4 million and 1.3 million for fiscal 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, were excluded from the diluted calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investment by and distribution to owners. For fiscal years 2016 and 2015, our comprehensive income consisted solely of net income. In fiscal year 2017, comprehensive income also included translations gains and losses related to our Canadian restaurant operations.

Foreign Currency

Foreign Currency

The Canadian dollar is the functional currency for our Canadian restaurant operations. Revenue and expense accounts are translated into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates during the reporting period. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rates in effect at the reporting period end date. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates, except for the change in retained earnings which is the result of the income statement translation process. Translation gains and losses are reported as a separate component in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income and would only be realized upon the sale or upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of the business. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are recognized in our consolidated statements of income in interest and other expense, net.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance affecting all entities that issue share-based payment awards to their staff members. This update covers such areas as the recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies, the classification of those excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows, an accounting policy election for forfeitures, the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes and still qualify for equity classification and the classification of those taxes paid on the statement of cash flows. This guidance was effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We adopted these provisions prospectively in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. This guidance requires the tax impact of stock options exercised and vested restricted stock to be recorded in the income tax provision instead of additional paid-in capital, which resulted in an income tax benefit of $6.5 million in fiscal 2017. In addition, the excess tax benefit related to stock options exercised is no longer reclassified from cash flows from operating activities to cash flows from financing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. In this filing, we retrospectively adjusted prior year consolidated statements of cash flows to conform to the current year presentation by increasing cash used in financing activities and cash provided by operating activities by $13.9 million and $12.3 million in fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. We will continue to estimate forfeitures each period, so there is no change to our accounting policy related to forfeitures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the recognition and measurement of leases. Under the new standard, lessees are required to recognize a lease liability, which represents the discounted obligation to make future minimum lease payments, and a corresponding right-of-use asset on the balance sheet for most leases. The guidance does not make significant changes to the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows by a lessee. The standard requires certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires a modified retrospective approach, with optional practical expedients. Although early adoption is permitted, we will adopt these provisions in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. We expect this adoption will result in a material increase in the assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets, but will likely have an insignificant impact on our consolidated statements of income. In preparation for the adoption of the guidance, we are in the process of implementing controls and key system changes to enable the preparation of the required financial information.

In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance that requires inventory within the scope of the standard to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Previous guidance required inventory to be measured at the lower of cost or market (where market was defined as replacement cost, with a ceiling of net realizable value and floor of net realizable value less a normal profit margin). This guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Our adoption of this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2017 had no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance that provides a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition requirements and requires entities to recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of this standard by one year with early adoption permitted no earlier than the original effective date. The guidance is now effective for us beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. In March and April 2016, the FASB provided additional guidance related to implementation. This standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.