COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), net of tax, by component for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:



(in millions)	Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)		Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges		Gain (Loss) on Net Investment and Fair Value Hedges		Pension Liability Gain (Loss)		Total

Balance, net of tax, at December 31, 2023	$	(473)	$	(13)	$	(107)	$	(43)	$	(636)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and tax impact	(34)				42		—		8
Tax expense	(28)				(10)		—		(38)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, before reclassifications	(62)		—		32		—		(30)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in other comprehensive income	(62)		—		32		—		(30)


Balance, net of tax, at March 31, 2024	$	(535)	$	(13)	$	(75)	$	(43)	$	(666)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications and tax impact	(14)		—		(2)		—		(16)
Tax benefit	4		—		1		—		5
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax, before reclassifications	(10)		—		(1)		—		(11)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in other comprehensive income	(10)		—		(1)		—		(11)


Balance, net of tax, at June 30, 2024	$	(545)	$	(13)	$	(76)	$	(43)	$	(677)


(in millions)	Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)		Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges		Gain (Loss) on Net Investment and Fair Value Hedges		Pension Liability Gain (Loss)		Total

Balance, net of tax, at December 31, 2022	$	(522)	$	(17)	$	(73)	$	(16)	$	(628)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications and tax impact	6		(1)		—		—		5
Tax benefit	9		—		—		—		9
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, before reclassifications	15		(1)		—		—		14
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—
Net (decrease) increase in other comprehensive income	15		(1)		—		—		14
Balance, net of tax, at March 31, 2023	$	(507)	$	(18)	$	(73)	$	(16)	$	(614)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications and tax impact	(3)		—		(11)		—		(14)
Tax expense	3		—		3		—		6
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, before reclassifications	—		—		(8)		—		(8)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		2		—		—		2
Net (decrease) increase in other comprehensive income	—		2		(8)		—		(6)

Balance, net of tax, at June 30, 2023	$	(507)	$	(16)	$	(81)	$	(16)	$	(620)

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the cumulative tax adjustments were $133 million and $166 million, respectively, primarily related to foreign currency translation adjustments.

The cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments included translation losses of $467 million and $360 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and cumulative losses on loans designated as hedges of net investments of $78 million and $113 million, respectively.

Reclassifications out of AOCI to the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 were not significant.