10-Q 1 a20170930q310-q.htm 10-Q Q3 2017
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _______ to _______.
Commission file number 001-34474
Century Aluminum Company
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 13-3070826 (IRS Employer Identification No.)
One South Wacker Drive Suite 1000 Chicago, Illinoi s (Address of principal executive offices) | 60606 (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (312) 696-3101
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | o | Accelerated filer | x
Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | o | Smaller reporting company | o
|  | Emerging growth company | o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
o Yes x No
The registrant had 87,326,952 shares of common stock outstanding at October 31, 2017.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements. | 3
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Note 1. General | 7
Note 2. Related party transactions | 7
Note 3. Fair value measurements | 8
Note 4. Earnings (loss) per share | 10
Note 5. Shareholders' equity | 11
Note 6. Income taxes | 12
Note 7. Inventories | 12
Note 8. Debt | 13
Note 9. Commitments and contingencies | 14
Note 10. Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss | 17
Note 11. Components of net periodic benefit cost | 19
Note 12. Supplemental cash flow information | 19
Note 13. Derivatives | 19
Note 14. Condensed consolidating financial information | 20
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. | 29
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. | 33
Item 4. Controls and Procedures. | 36
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings. | 37
Item 1A. Risk Factors. | 37
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. | 37
Item 5. Other Information. | 38
Item 6. Exhibits. | 39
SIGNATURES | 40

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS |
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |
(Unaudited) |
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30, |
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Related parties | $ | 299,235 |  |  | $ | 301,111 |  |  | $ | 876,079 |  |  | $ | 871,771 |  |
Other customers | 101,410 |  |  | 32,539 |  |  | 279,154 |  |  | 107,487 |  |
Total net sales | 400,645 |  |  | 333,650 |  |  | 1,155,233 |  |  | 979,258 |  |
Cost of goods sold | 359,243 |  |  | 351,262 |  |  | 1,074,520 |  |  | 995,357 |  |
Gross profit (loss) | 41,402 |  |  | (17,612 | ) |  | 80,713 |  |  | (16,099 | ) |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 13,994 |  |  | 9,733 |  |  | 34,048 |  |  | 29,303 |  |
Ravenswood (gains)/losses | (5,500 | ) |  | 26,830 |  |  | (5,500 | ) |  | 26,830 |  |
Other operating expense - net | 437 |  |  | 878 |  |  | 1,590 |  |  | 2,337 |  |
Operating income (loss) | 32,471 |  |  | (55,053 | ) |  | 50,575 |  |  | (74,569 | ) |
Interest expense | (5,542 | ) |  | (5,531 | ) |  | (16,574 | ) |  | (16,521 | ) |
Interest income | 422 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 935 |  |  | 475 |  |
Net gain (loss) on forward and derivative contracts | (3,888 | ) |  | 1,275 |  |  | (17,068 | ) |  | 2,998 |  |
Other income (expense) - net | 427 |  |  | (157 | ) |  | (1,065 | ) |  | (462 | ) |
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of joint ventures | 23,890 |  |  | (59,276 | ) |  | 16,803 |  |  | (88,079 | ) |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (3,321 | ) |  | 848 |  |  | (4,465 | ) |  | 3,237 |  |
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of joint ventures | 20,569 |  |  | (58,428 | ) |  | 12,338 |  |  | (84,842 | ) |
Equity in earnings of joint ventures | 214 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 891 |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 20,783 |  |  | $ | (58,273 | ) |  | $ | 12,775 |  |  | $ | (83,951 | ) |
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders | $ | 19,132 |  |  | $ | (58,273 | ) |  | $ | 11,758 |  |  | $ | (83,951 | ) |
INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.67 | ) |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | (0.96 | ) |
Diluted | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.67 | ) |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | (0.96 | ) |
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 87,318 |  |  | 87,076 |  |  | 87,282 |  |  | 87,059 |  |
Diluted | 88,255 |  |  | 87,076 |  |  | 88,070 |  |  | 87,059 |  |

See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
3

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 20,783 |  |  | $ | (58,273 | ) |  | $ | 12,775 |  |  | $ | (83,951 | )
Other comprehensive income before income tax effect: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss on foreign currency cash flow hedges reclassified as income | (46 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | (140 | ) |  | (139 | )
Defined benefit plans and other postretirement benefits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service benefit during the period | (670 | ) |  | (667 | ) |  | (1,652 | ) |  | (2,001 | )
Amortization of net loss during the period | 2,145 |  |  | 1,919 |  |  | 4,865 |  |  | 5,758 |
Other comprehensive income before income tax effect | 1,429 |  |  | 1,206 |  |  | 3,073 |  |  | 3,618 |
Income tax effect | (382 | ) |  | (382 | ) |  | (1,145 | ) |  | (1,147 | )
Other comprehensive income | 1,047 |  |  | 824 |  |  | 1,928 |  |  | 2,471 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 21,830 |  |  | $ | (57,449 | ) |  | $ | 14,703 |  |  | $ | (81,480 | )

See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
4

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 174,213 |  |  | $ | 132,403 |
Restricted cash | 848 |  |  | 1,050 |
Accounts receivable - net | 40,367 |  |  | 12,432 |
Due from affiliates | 11,849 |  |  | 16,651 |
Inventories | 261,756 |  |  | 233,563 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 21,761 |  |  | 22,210 |
Assets held for sale | — |  |  | 22,313 |
Total current assets | 510,794 |  |  | 440,622 |
Property, plant and equipment - net | 984,948 |  |  | 1,026,285 |
Other assets | 67,721 |  |  | 73,420 |
TOTAL | $ | 1,563,463 |  |  | $ | 1,540,327 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Accounts payable, trade | $ | 97,032 |  |  | $ | 94,960 |
Due to affiliates | 23,657 |  |  | 15,368 |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 56,732 |  |  | 50,100 |
Accrued employee benefits costs | 10,444 |  |  | 10,917 |
Industrial revenue bonds | 7,815 |  |  | 7,815 |
Total current liabilities | 195,680 |  |  | 179,160 |
Senior notes payable | 248,036 |  |  | 247,699 |
Accrued pension benefits costs - less current portion | 46,835 |  |  | 49,493 |
Accrued postretirement benefits costs - less current portion | 128,092 |  |  | 126,355 |
Other liabilities | 62,094 |  |  | 72,026 |
Deferred taxes | 109,632 |  |  | 108,939 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 594,689 |  |  | 604,512 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 9) |  |  |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Preferred stock (Note 5) | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Common stock (Note 5) | 945 |  |  | 944 |
Additional paid-in capital | 2,516,866 |  |  | 2,515,131 |
Treasury stock, at cost | (86,276 | ) |  | (86,276 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (111,965 | ) |  | (113,893 | )
Accumulated deficit | (1,546,477 | ) |  | (1,559,252 | )
Total shareholders’ equity | 773,094 |  |  | 756,655 |
TOTAL | $ | 1,563,463 |  |  | $ | 1,540,327 |

See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
5

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 12,775 |  |  | $ | (83,951 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Unrealized loss on forward and derivative contracts | 6,918 |  |  | (330 | )
Unrealized gain on contingent obligation | (1,059 | ) |  | (1,059 | )
Lower of cost or NRV inventory adjustment | (4,102 | ) |  | 1,499 |
Depreciation and amortization | 63,091 |  |  | 63,306 |
Ravenswood (gains) losses | (5,500 | ) |  | 3,830 |
Pension and other postretirement benefits | 2,292 |  |  | 1,682 |
Deferred income taxes | 724 |  |  | (8,520 | )
Stock-based compensation | 1,455 |  |  | 1,134 |
Equity in earnings of joint ventures, net of dividends | (359 | ) |  | (891 | )
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable - net | (27,935 | ) |  | (1,712 | )
Due from affiliates | 4,802 |  |  | 3,146 |
Inventories | (24,091 | ) |  | (1,265 | )
Prepaid and other current assets | 1,108 |  |  | 9,016 |
Accounts payable, trade | 4,571 |  |  | (5,028 | )
Due to affiliates | 1,523 |  |  | 4,628 |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 9,252 |  |  | 4,769 |
Ravenswood retiree medical settlement | (5,000 | ) |  | 23,000 |
Other - net | 10,202 |  |  | 2,073 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 50,667 |  |  | 15,327 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (23,590 | ) |  | (13,127 | )
Proceeds from sales of property, plant & equipment | 14,452 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities | (9,138 | ) |  | (13,127 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities | 1,022 |  |  | 900 |
Repayments under revolving credit facilities | (1,022 | ) |  | (900 | )
Issuance of common stock | 281 |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 281 |  |  | — |
CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 41,810 |  |  | 2,200 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 132,403 |  |  | 115,393 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 174,213 |  |  | $ | 117,593 |

See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements
6

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

1. | General

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of Century Aluminum Company should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016. In management’s opinion, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, that are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the first nine months of 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. Throughout this Form 10-Q, and unless expressly stated otherwise or as the context otherwise requires, "Century Aluminum," "Century," the "Company", "we," "us," "our" and "ours" refer to Century Aluminum Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09 "Revenue From Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The ASU is effective for Century beginning January 1, 2018.
Through September 30, 2017, we have reviewed our 2017 customer contracts and drafts and amendments of our contracts that will become effective beginning January 1, 2018. Based on our assessment completed to date, other than the additional disclosure requirements, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 to significantly change our business processes, controls and systems, or change the timing or amount of revenue recognized. We continue to monitor modifications, clarifications or interpretations undertaken by the FASB and the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and changes in our business and new arrangements, which may impact our current conclusions. We expect to adopt the standard on a modified retrospective basis.

2. | Related party transactions

Our significant related party transactions occurring during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are described below. We believe that all of the transactions with our related parties were on terms that approximate market.
Glencore ownership
As of September 30, 2017, Glencore plc and its affiliates (together "Glencore") beneficially owned 42.9% of Century’s outstanding common stock (47.4% on a fully-diluted basis assuming the conversion of all of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock) and all of our outstanding Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. From time to time Century and Glencore enter into various transactions for the purchase and sale of primary aluminum, purchase and sale of alumina, tolling agreements and certain forward financial contracts.
Sales to Glencore
For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 we derived approximately 75% and 90%, respectively, of our consolidated sales from Glencore, while for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, approximately 76% and 89%, respectively, of our consolidated sales were derived from Glencore.
We have entered into agreements with Glencore pursuant to which Glencore has agreed to purchase aluminum produced from our U.S. and Icelandic operations through 2017. Glencore purchases aluminum produced at our North American smelters at prices based on the London Metal Exchange (the "LME") price for primary aluminum plus the Midwest regional delivery premium and any additional negotiated product premiums. Glencore purchases aluminum produced at our Grundartangi, Iceland smelter in 2017 at prices based on the LME plus the European Duty Paid premium and any applicable product premiums.
Glencore purchases the aluminum we produce for resale.
7

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Purchases from Glencore
We purchase alumina from Glencore under a long-term supply agreement and on a spot basis. Pursuant to our current agreement, Glencore has agreed to supply us with alumina through 2017 at prices indexed to the LME price of primary aluminum. In 2016 and 2017, upon mutual agreement, all of our purchases from Glencore under this agreement were priced based on a published alumina index.
Financial contracts with Glencore
During 2017, we entered into certain financial contracts with Glencore. Refer to Note 13 Derivatives to the consolidated financial statements included herein.
Transactions with Baise Haohai Carbon Co., Ltd. ("BHH")
We own a 40% stake in BHH, a joint venture that owns a carbon anode and cathode facility located in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of south China. We have an agreement with BHH to provide carbon anodes to Grundartangi through December 31, 2017.
Summary
A summary of the aforementioned significant related party transactions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales to Glencore | $ | 299,235 |  |  | $ | 301,111 |  |  | $ | 876,079 |  |  | $ | 871,771 |
Purchases from Glencore | 81,905 |  |  | 62,317 |  |  | 195,073 |  |  | 156,507 |
Purchases from BHH | 3,248 |  |  | 2,568 |  |  | 9,137 |  |  | 7,666 |

3. | Fair value measurements

The following section describes the valuation methodology used to measure our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value and are categorized based on the fair value hierarchy described in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures."

Overview of Century’s valuation methodology
| Level | Significant inputs
Cash equivalents | 1 | Quoted market prices
Trust assets (1) | 1 | Quoted market prices
Surety bonds | 1 | Quoted market prices
Forward financial sales | 2 | Quoted market prices
Fixed for floating swaps | 3 | Quoted market prices, management's estimates of future U.S. Midwest premium
Contingent obligation | 3 | Quoted market prices, management’s estimates of the LME forward market prices for periods beyond the quoted periods and management’s estimate of future level of operations

(1) | Trust assets are currently invested in money market funds. These trust assets are held to fund the non-qualified supplemental executive pension benefit obligations for certain of our officers. The trust has sole authority to invest the funds in secure interest producing investments consisting of short-term securities issued or guaranteed by the United States government or cash and cash equivalents.

8

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Our fair value measurements include the consideration of market risks that other market participants might consider in pricing the particular asset or liability, specifically non-performance risk and counterparty credit risk. Considerations of the non-performance risk and counterparty credit risk are used to establish the appropriate risk-adjusted discount rates used in our fair value measurements.
Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and the placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. There were no transfers between Level 1 and 2 during the periods presented. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 during the periods presented. It is our policy to recognize transfers into and transfers out of Level 3 as of the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.
The following table sets forth our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis by the level of input within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements | As of September 30, 2017
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 160,611 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 160,611 |
Trust assets | 2,192 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,192 |
Surety bonds | 1,618 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,618 |
Derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,469 |  |  | 1,469 |
TOTAL | $ | 164,421 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,469 |  |  | $ | 165,890 |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent obligation - net | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives | — |  |  | 6,234 |  |  | 1,481 |  |  | 7,715 |
TOTAL | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,234 |  |  | $ | 1,481 |  |  | $ | 7,715 |

Recurring Fair Value Measurements | As of December 31, 2016
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 79,014 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79,014 |
Trust assets | 3,147 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,147 |
Surety bonds | 1,874 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,874 |
Derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 925 |  |  | 925 |
TOTAL | $ | 84,035 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 925 |  |  | $ | 84,960 |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent obligation – net | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives | — |  |  | — |  |  | 253 |  |  | 253 |
TOTAL | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 253 |

9

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

4. | Earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") amounts are calculated by dividing net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS amounts assume the issuance of common stock for all dilutive securities.
The following table shows the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

| For the three months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| Income |  | Shares |  | Per Share |  | Loss |  | Shares |  | Per Share
Net income (loss) | $ | 20,783 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (58,273 | ) |  |  |  |
Amount allocated to common stockholders | 92.06 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 100.00 | % |  |  |  |
Basic EPS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders | $ | 19,132 |  |  | 87,318 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (58,273 | ) |  | 87,076 |  |  | $ | (0.67 | )
Effect of Dilutive Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | 937 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Diluted EPS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders with assumed conversion | $ | 19,132 |  |  | 88,255 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (58,273 | ) |  | 87,076 |  |  | $ | (0.67 | )
| For the nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| Income |  | Shares |  | Per Share |  | Loss |  | Shares |  | Per Share
Net income (loss) | $ | 12,775 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (83,951 | ) |  |  |  |
Amount allocated to common stockholders | 92.04 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |
Basic EPS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) allocated to common stockholders | 11,758 |  |  | 87,282 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | (83,951 | ) |  | 87,059 |  |  | $ | (0.96 | )
Effect of Dilutive Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | 788 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Diluted EPS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss allocated to common stockholders | $ | 11,758 |  |  | 88,070 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | (83,951 | ) |  | 87,059 |  |  | $ | (0.96 | )

Securities excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS: | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Share-based compensation | 535 |  |  | 1,822 |  |  | 524 |  |  | 1,548 |

10

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

5. | Shareholders’ equity

Common Stock
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had 195,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 cent par value per share, authorized under our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, of which 94,513,473 shares were issued and 87,326,952 shares were outstanding at September 30, 2017; 94,437,418 shares were issued and 87,250,897 shares were outstanding at December 31, 2016.
The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock which are currently outstanding, including our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, or which we may designate and issue in the future.
Stock Repurchase Program
In 2011, our Board of Directors approved a $60,000 common stock repurchase program which was expanded in 2015 to $130,000. Through September 30, 2017 we had repurchased 7,186,521 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $86,276. We have made no share repurchases since April 2015 and we have $43,724 remaining under the repurchase program authorization. The repurchase program may be expanded, suspended or discontinued by our Board, in its sole discretion, at any time.
Shares of common stock repurchased are recorded at cost as treasury stock and result in a reduction of shareholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. From time to time, treasury shares may be reissued and we use an average cost method for determining the cost for reissued treasury shares. The difference between the cost of the shares and the reissuance price is added to or deducted from additional paid-in capital.
Preferred Stock
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 we had 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 cent par value per share, authorized under our Restated Certificate of Incorporation. In 2008, we issued 160,000 shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, all of which are held by Glencore, and at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 75,299 and 75,625 shares were outstanding, respectively. The issuance of common stock under our stock incentive programs, debt exchange transactions and any stock offering that excludes Glencore participation triggers anti-dilution provisions of the preferred stock agreement and results in the automatic conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock shares into shares of common stock. The conversion of preferred to common shares is 100 shares of common for each share of preferred stock. Our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has a par value of $0.01 per share.
Our Board of Directors may issue preferred stock in one or more series and determine for each series the dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the number of shares constituting that series, as well as the designation thereof. Depending upon the terms of preferred stock established by our Board of Directors, any or all of the preferred stock could have preference over the common stock with respect to dividends and other distributions and upon the liquidation of Century. In addition, issuance of any shares of preferred stock with voting powers may dilute the voting power of the outstanding common stock.
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CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
The Common and Preferred Stock Activity table below contains additional information about preferred stock conversions during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Common and Preferred Stock Activity: | Preferred stock |  | Common stock
(in shares) | Series A convertible |  | Treasury | Outstanding
Beginning balance as of December 31, 2016 | 75,625 |  |  | 7,186,521 |  | 87,250,897 |
Conversion of convertible preferred stock | (326 | ) |  | — |  | 32,619 |
Issuance for share-based compensation plans | — |  |  | — |  | 43,436 |
Ending balance as of September 30, 2017 | 75,299 |  |  | 7,186,521 |  | 87,326,952 |
Beginning balance as of December 31, 2015 | 76,539 |  |  | 7,186,521 |  | 87,038,050 |
Conversion of convertible preferred stock | (161 | ) |  | — |  | 16,109 |
Issuance for share-based compensation plans | — |  |  | — |  | 21,428 |
Ending balance as of September 30, 2016 | 76,378 |  |  | 7,186,521 |  | 87,075,587 |

6. | Income taxes

We recorded income tax expense of $3,321 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and an income tax benefit of $848 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 which primarily consisted of foreign income taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 we recorded income tax expense of $4,465 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 we recorded an income tax benefit of $3,237.
Our income tax benefit or expense is based on an annual effective tax rate forecast, including estimates and assumptions that could change during the year. The application of the accounting requirements for income taxes in interim periods, after consideration of our valuation allowance, causes a significant variation in the typical relationship between income tax expense and pretax accounting income.
As of September 30, 2017, all of Century's U.S. and certain foreign deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, continue to be subject to a valuation allowance.

7. | Inventories

Inventories consist of the following: |  |  |
| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Raw materials | $ | 70,915 |  |  | $ | 59,415 |
Work-in-process | 42,920 |  |  | 35,539 |
Finished goods | 34,055 |  |  | 26,613 |
Operating and other supplies | 113,866 |  |  | 111,996 |
Total inventories | $ | 261,756 |  |  | $ | 233,563 |

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or Net Realizable Value ("NRV") using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") or the weighted average cost method.
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CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

8. | Debt

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Debt classified as current liabilities: |  |  |
Hancock County industrial revenue bonds ("IRBs") due 2028, interest payable quarterly (variable interest rates (not to exceed 12%)) (1) | $ | 7,815 |  |  | $ | 7,815 |
Debt classified as non-current liabilities: |  |  |
7.5% senior secured notes due June 1, 2021, net of debt discount of $1,964 and $2,301, respectively, interest payable semiannually | 248,036 |  |  | 247,699 |
Total | $ | 255,851 |  |  | $ | 255,514 |

(1) | The IRBs are classified as current liabilities because they are remarketed weekly and could be required to be repaid upon demand if there is a failed remarketing. The IRB interest rate at September 30, 2017 was 1.14%.

U.S. Revolving Credit Facility
We and certain of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries are party to a senior secured revolving credit facility, dated May 24, 2013, as amended, with a syndicate of lenders which provides for borrowings of up to $150,000 in the aggregate, including up to $110,000 under a letter of credit sub-facility (the "U.S. revolving credit facility"). Our U.S. revolving credit facility matures in June 2020. Any letters of credit issued and outstanding under the U.S. revolving credit facility reduce our borrowing availability on a dollar-for-dollar basis. The availability of funds under the U.S. revolving credit facility is limited by a specified borrowing base consisting of accounts receivable, inventory and qualified cash deposits of the borrowers which meet the eligibility criteria.
Status of our U.S. revolving credit facility:

| September 30, 2017
Credit facility maximum amount | $ | 150,000 |
Borrowing availability | 125,351 |
Outstanding letters of credit issued | 38,742 |
Outstanding borrowings | — |
Borrowing availability, net of outstanding letters of credit and borrowings | 86,609 |

Iceland Revolving Credit Facility
We have also entered into, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Nordural Grundartangi ehf, a $50,000 revolving credit facility, dated November 27, 2013 (the "Iceland revolving credit facility"). The Iceland revolving credit facility expires on November 27, 2018. The availability of funds under the Iceland revolving credit facility is limited by a specified borrowing base consisting of inventory and accounts receivable of Grundartangi.
Status of our Iceland revolving credit facility:

| September 30, 2017
Credit facility maximum amount | $ | 50,000 |
Borrowing availability | 50,000 |
Outstanding borrowings | — |
Borrowing availability, net of borrowings | 50,000 |

13

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
7.5% Notes due 2021
General. On June 4, 2013, we issued $250,000 of our 7.5% Notes due June 1, 2021 (the "2021 Notes") in a private offering exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2021 Notes were issued at a discount and bear interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum on the principal amount, payable semi-annually in arrears in cash on June 1st and December 1st of each year.
Fair Value. Fair value for our 2021 Notes was based on the latest trading data available and was $255,348 and $234,220, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Although we use quoted market prices for identical debt instruments, the markets on which they trade are not considered to be active and are therefore considered Level 2 fair value measurements.

9. | Commitments and contingencies

Environmental Contingencies
Based upon all available information, we believe our current environmental liabilities do not have, and are not likely to have, a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, because of the inherent uncertainties in estimating environmental liabilities primarily due to unknown facts and circumstances and changing governmental regulations and legal standards regarding liability, there can be no assurance that future capital expenditures and costs for environmental compliance at currently or formerly owned or operated properties will not result in liabilities that may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
It is our policy to accrue for costs associated with environmental assessments and remedial efforts when it becomes probable that a liability has been incurred and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The aggregate environmental-related accrued liabilities were $1,154 and $998 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. All accrued amounts have been recorded without giving effect to any possible future recoveries. Costs for ongoing environmental compliance, including maintenance and monitoring are expensed as incurred.
Vernon
In July 2006, we were named as a defendant, together with certain affiliates of Alcan Inc., in a lawsuit brought by Alcoa Inc. seeking to determine responsibility for certain environmental indemnity obligations related to the sale of a cast aluminum plate manufacturing facility located in Vernon, California, which we purchased from Alcoa Inc. in December 1998, and sold to Alcan Rolled Products-Ravenswood LLC in July 1999. The complaint also seeks costs and attorney fees. The matter was stayed by the court in 2008 to allow for the remediation of environmental areas at the site. On June 30, 2016 the court ordered the stay lifted and reopened the case. The matter is in a preliminary stage in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware, and we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this action or estimate a range of possible losses related to this matter at this time.
Matters relating to the St. Croix Alumina Refining Facility
We are a party to a United States Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Order on Consent (the "Order") pursuant to which certain past and present owners of an alumina refining facility at St. Croix, Virgin Islands (the "St. Croix Alumina Refinery") have agreed to carry out a Hydrocarbon Recovery Plan to remove and manage hydrocarbons floating on groundwater underlying the facility. Pursuant to the Hydrocarbon Recovery Plan, recovered hydrocarbons and groundwater are delivered to the adjacent petroleum refinery where they are received and managed. Through September 30, 2017, our affiliate, Virgin Islands Alumina Corporation LLC, has expended approximately $1,085 on the Hydrocarbon Recovery Plan. At this time, we are not able to estimate the amount of any future potential payments under this indemnification to comply with the Order, but we do not anticipate that any such amounts will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, regardless of the final outcome.
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CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
In December 2010, Century was among several defendants named in a lawsuit filed by plaintiffs who either worked, resided or owned property in the area downwind from the St. Croix Alumina Refinery. In March 2011, Century was also named a defendant in a nearly identical suit brought by certain additional plaintiffs. The plaintiffs in both suits allege damages caused by the presence of red mud and other particulates coming from the alumina facility and are seeking unspecified monetary damages, costs and attorney fees as well as certain injunctive relief. We tendered indemnity and defense to St. Croix Alumina LLC and Alcoa Alumina & Chemical LLC under the terms of an acquisition agreement relating to the facility and have filed motions to dismiss plaintiffs’ claims. In August 2015, the Superior Court of the Virgin Islands, Division of St. Croix denied the motions to dismiss but ordered all plaintiffs to refile individual complaints. At this time, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of or to estimate a range of possible losses for any of the foregoing actions relating to the St. Croix Alumina Refinery.
Legal Contingencies
In addition to the foregoing matters, we have pending against us or may be subject to various lawsuits, claims and proceedings related primarily to employment, commercial, stockholder, safety and health matters. While the results of such litigation matters and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, because of the nature and inherent uncertainties of litigation, should the outcome of these actions be unfavorable, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.
In evaluating whether to accrue for losses associated with legal contingencies, it is our policy to take into consideration factors such as the facts and circumstances asserted, our historical experience with contingencies of a similar nature, the likelihood of our prevailing and the severity of any potential loss. For some matters, no accrual is established because we have assessed our risk of loss to be remote. Where the risk of loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an accrual, either on an individual basis or with respect to a group of matters involving similar claims, based on the factors set forth above.
When we have assessed that a loss associated with legal contingencies is reasonably possible, we determine if estimates of possible losses or ranges of possible losses are in excess of related accrued liabilities, if any. Based on current knowledge, management has ascertained estimates for losses that are reasonably possible and management does not believe that any reasonably possible outcomes in excess of our accruals, if any, either individually or in aggregate, would be material to our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. We reevaluate and update our assessments and accruals as matters progress over time.
Ravenswood Retiree Medical Benefits changes
In November 2009, Century Aluminum of West Virginia ("CAWV") filed a class action complaint for declaratory judgment against the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union ("USW"), the USW’s local and certain CAWV retirees, individually and as class representatives ("CAWV Retirees"), seeking a declaration of CAWV’s rights to modify/terminate retiree medical benefits. Later in November 2009, the USW and representatives of a retiree class filed a separate suit against CAWV, Century Aluminum Company, Century Aluminum Master Welfare Benefit Plan, and various John Does with respect to the foregoing.
On August 18, 2017, the District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia approved a settlement agreement in respect of these actions. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, CAWV agreed to make payments into a trust for the benefit of the CAWV Retirees in the aggregate amount of $23,000 over the course of 10 years. Upon approval of the settlement, we paid $5,000 to the aforementioned trust in September 2017 and recognized a gain of $5,500 to arrive at the net present value of the $12,500 liability recorded in accrued and other current liabilities as well as other liabilities, as of September 30, 2017. CAWV has agreed to pay the remaining amounts under the settlement agreement in annual increments of $2,000 for nine years.
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CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
PBGC Settlement
In 2013, we entered into a settlement agreement with the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation ("PBGC") regarding an alleged "cessation of operations" at our Ravenswood facility. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we agreed to make additional contributions (above any minimum required contributions) to our defined benefit pension plans totaling approximately $17,400. Under certain circumstances, in periods of lower primary aluminum prices relative to our cost of operations, we are able to defer one or more of these payments provided that we provide the PBGC with acceptable security for such deferred payments. We made contributions pursuant to this agreement of $1,100 in 2015 and $6,700 in 2013. We did not make any contributions in 2014, 2016 or the nine months ended September 30, 2017. We have elected to defer certain payments under the PBGC agreement and have provided the PBGC with the appropriate security. The remaining contributions under this agreement are approximately $9,600.
Power Commitments and Contingencies
Hawesville
Hawesville has a power supply arrangement with Kenergy and EDF Trading North America, LLC (“EDF") which provides market-based power to the Hawesville smelter. Under this arrangement, the power companies purchase power on the open market and pass it through to Hawesville at Midcontinent Independent System Operator ("MISO") pricing plus transmission and other costs. The power supply arrangement with Kenergy has an effective term through December 2023. The arrangement with EDF to act as our market participant with MISO has an effective term through May 2019, extending year to year thereafter unless a one year notice is given.
Sebree
Sebree has a power supply arrangement with Kenergy and EDF which provides market-based power to the Sebree smelter. Similar to the arrangement at Hawesville, the power companies purchase power on the open market and pass it through to Sebree at MISO pricing plus transmission and other costs. The power supply arrangement with Kenergy has an effective term through December 2023. The arrangement with EDF to act as our market participant with MISO has an effective term through May 2019, extending year to year thereafter unless a one year notice is given.
Mt. Holly
Mt. Holly has a power supply arrangement pursuant to which 25% of the Mt. Holly load is served from the South Carolina Public Service Authority’s ("Santee Cooper") generation at a cost-based industrial rate and 75% of the Mt. Holly load is sourced from a supplier that is outside Santee Cooper’s service territory at market prices that are tied to natural gas prices. The agreement with Santee Cooper has a term through December 31, 2018. The agreement with the other power supplier has a term through December 31, 2018. Both of these agreements may be terminated by Mt. Holly on 60 days' notice.
Grundartangi
Grundartangi has power purchase agreements for approximately 525 MW with HS Orka hf ("HS"), Landsvirkjun and Orkuveita Reykjavikur ("OR") to provide power to its Grundartangi smelter. These power purchase agreements expire on various dates from 2023 through 2036 (subject to extension). The power purchase agreements with HS and OR both provide power at LME-based variable rates for the duration of these agreements. The power purchase agreement with Landsvirkjun for 161 MW provides power at LME-based variable rates through October 2019 and at rates linked to the Nord Pool power market from November 2019 through the expiration of the agreement on December 31, 2023.
Helguvik
Nordural Helguvik ehf ("Helguvik") has a power purchase agreement with OR to provide a portion of the power requirements to the Helguvik project. The agreement would provide power at LME-based variable rates and contain take-or-pay obligations with respect to a significant percentage of the total committed and available power under such agreements. The first stage of power under the OR purchase agreement (approximately 47.5 MW) became available in the fourth quarter of 2011 and is currently being utilized at Grundartangi. The agreement contains certain conditions to OR’s obligations with respect to the
16

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
remaining phases and OR has alleged that certain of these conditions have not been satisfied. We are in discussions with OR with respect to such conditions and other matters pertaining to this agreement.
Other Commitments and Contingencies
Labor Commitments
The bargaining unit employees at our Grundartangi, Vlissingen, Hawesville and Sebree facilities are represented by labor unions, representing 65% of our total workforce.
Approximately 85% of Grundartangi’s work force is represented by five labor unions, governed by a labor agreement which is effective through December 31, 2019 that establishes wages and work rules for covered employees. 100% of Vlissingen's work force is represented by the Federation for the Metal and Electrical Industry ("FME") by a labor agreement that is effective to June 1, 2018. The FME negotiates working conditions with trade unions on behalf of its members.
Approximately 57% of our U.S. based work force is represented by the USW. The labor agreement for Hawesville employees is effective through April 1, 2020. Century Sebree's labor agreement with the USW for its employees is effective through October 28, 2019. Mt. Holly employees are not represented by a labor union.

10. | Components of accumulated other comprehensive loss

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Defined benefit plan liabilities | $ | (122,705 | ) |  | $ | (125,917 | )
Unrealized loss on financial instruments | 2,720 |  |  | 2,860 |
Other comprehensive loss before income tax effect | (119,985 | ) |  | (123,057 | )
Income tax effect (1) | 8,020 |  |  | 9,164 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (111,965 | ) |  | $ | (113,893 | )

(1) The allocation of the income tax effect to the components of other comprehensive loss is as follows:

| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Defined benefit plan liabilities | $ | 8,564 |  |  | $ | 9,736 |
Unrealized loss on financial instruments | (544 | ) |  | (572 | )

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CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL"):

| Defined benefit plan and other postretirement liabilities |  | Unrealized gain (loss) on financial instruments |  | Total, net of tax
Balance, July 1, 2017 | $ | (115,225 | ) |  | $ | 2,213 |  |  | $ | (113,012 | )
Net amount reclassified to net income | 1,084 |  |  | (37 | ) |  | 1,047 |
Balance, September 30, 2017 | $ | (114,141 | ) |  | $ | 2,176 |  |  | $ | (111,965 | )
Balance, July 1, 2016 | $ | (108,944 | ) |  | $ | (2,059 | ) |  | $ | (111,003 | )
Net amount reclassified to net loss | 862 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 824 |
Balance, September 30, 2016 | $ | (108,082 | ) |  | $ | (2,097 | ) |  | $ | (110,179 | )
Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | (116,181 | ) |  | $ | 2,288 |  |  | $ | (113,893 | )
Net amount reclassified to net loss | 2,040 |  |  | (112 | ) |  | 1,928 |
Balance, September 30, 2017 | $ | (114,141 | ) |  | $ | 2,176 |  |  | $ | (111,965 | )
Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | (110,667 | ) |  | $ | (1,983 | ) |  | $ | (112,650 | )
Net amount reclassified to net loss | 2,585 |  |  | (114 | ) |  | 2,471 |
Balance, September 30, 2016 | $ | (108,082 | ) |  | $ | (2,097 | ) |  | $ | (110,179 | )

Reclassifications out of AOCL were included in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:

|  |  |  | For the three months ended September 30, |  | For the nine months ended September 30,
AOCL Components |  | Location |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Defined benefit plan and other postretirement liabilities |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 983 |  |  | $ | 777 |  |  | $ | 821 |  |  | $ | 2,332 |
|  | Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 109 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 1,086 |  |  | 375 |
|  | Other operating expense, net |  | 383 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 1,306 |  |  | 1,050 |
|  | Income tax effect |  | (391 | ) |  | (390 | ) |  | (1,173 | ) |  | (1,172 | )
|  | Net of tax |  | $ | 1,084 |  |  | $ | 862 |  |  | $ | 2,040 |  |  | $ | 2,585 |
Unrealized loss on financial instruments |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | (140 | ) |  | $ | (139 | )
|  | Income tax effect |  | 9 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 25 |
|  | Net of tax |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | (38 | ) |  | $ | (112 | ) |  | $ | (114 | )

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CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

11. | Components of net periodic benefit cost

| Pension Benefits
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Service cost | $ | 1,096 |  |  | $ | 1,270 |  |  | $ | 3,288 |  |  | $ | 3,810 |
Interest cost | 3,327 |  |  | 3,478 |  |  | 9,982 |  |  | 10,440 |
Expected return on plan assets | (4,750 | ) |  | (4,813 | ) |  | (14,615 | ) |  | (14,445 | )
Amortization of prior service costs | 27 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 84 |
Amortization of net loss | 1,187 |  |  | 1,041 |  |  | 3,925 |  |  | 3,125 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 887 |  |  | $ | 1,004 |  |  | $ | 2,660 |  |  | $ | 3,014 |

| Other Postretirement Benefits ("OPEB")
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Service cost | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 657 |  |  | $ | 990 |
Interest cost | 1,382 |  |  | 1,469 |  |  | 5,726 |  |  | 4,364 |
Amortization of prior service cost | (695 | ) |  | (695 | ) |  | (1,731 | ) |  | (2,085 | )
Amortization of net loss | 958 |  |  | 878 |  |  | 940 |  |  | 2,633 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 1,864 |  |  | $ | 1,982 |  |  | $ | 5,592 |  |  | $ | 5,902 |

12. | Supplemental cash flow information

| Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Cash paid for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 9,951 |  |  | $ | 9,893 |
Income taxes, net | 3,467 |  |  | 10,245 |

13. | Derivatives

As of September 30, 2017, we had an open position of 19,590 tonnes related to LME forward financial sales contracts, 18,240 tonnes of which are with Glencore, to fix the forward LME price (the “Forward Financial Sales Contracts”). Of these Forward Financial Sales Contracts, 16,500 tonnes settle monthly, on a ratable basis, through December 31, 2017, with the remainder expected to settle between November 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. We also have financial contracts with Glencore to offset fixed price sales arrangements with certain of our customers (the “fixed for floating swaps”) to remain exposed to the LME price. As of September 30, 2017, we had an open position related to such arrangements of 6,207 tonnes settling at various dates through December 2018.
We have also entered into financial contracts to fix the forward price of approximately 4% of power purchases at Grundartangi for the period November 1, 2019 through December 31, 2020 (the “power price swaps”). The power price swaps are not designated as cash flow hedges. As of September 30, 2017, we had an open position of 256,200 MWh related to the power price swaps.
As of September 30, 2017, we had a derivative asset and liability of $1,469 and $7,715, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. We recognized losses of $3,888 and $17,068 related to our derivative instruments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations, substantially all of which related to transactions with Glencore. The impact of the derivative instruments on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations was not material for the corresponding prior periods presented.
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CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)

14. | Condensed consolidating financial information

Our 2021 Notes are guaranteed by each of our material existing and future domestic subsidiaries (The "Guarantor Subsidiaries"), except for Nordural US LLC, Century Aluminum Development LLC and Century Aluminum of West Virginia, Inc. The Guarantor Subsidiaries are 100% owned by Century. All guarantees are full and unconditional; all guarantees are joint and several. These notes are not guaranteed by our foreign subsidiaries (such foreign subsidiaries, Nordural US LLC, Century Aluminum Development LLC and Century Aluminum of West Virginia, Inc., collectively the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”). We allocate corporate expenses or income to our subsidiaries and charge interest on certain intercompany balances.
The following summarized condensed consolidating statements of comprehensive income (loss) for three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, condensed consolidating balance sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and the condensed consolidating statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 present separate results for Century, the Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, consolidating adjustments and total consolidated amounts.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the three months ended September 30, 2017
| The Company |  | Combined Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidating Adjustments |  | Total Consolidated
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Related parties | $ | — |  |  | $ | 138,212 |  |  | $ | 161,023 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 299,235 |
Other customers | — |  |  | 101,382 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 101,410 |
Total net sales | — |  |  | 239,594 |  |  | 161,051 |  |  | — |  |  | 400,645 |
Cost of goods sold | — |  |  | 220,723 |  |  | 138,520 |  |  | — |  |  | 359,243 |
Gross profit | — |  |  | 18,871 |  |  | 22,531 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,402 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 13,684 |  |  | — |  |  | 310 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,994 |
Ravenswood (gains) losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,500 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,500 | )
Other operating expense - net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 437 |  |  | — |  |  | 437 |
Operating income (loss) | (13,684 | ) |  | 18,871 |  |  | 27,284 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,471 |
Interest expense | (5,105 | ) |  | (392 | ) |  | (45 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,542 | )
Intercompany interest | 8,909 |  |  | 2,214 |  |  | (11,123 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest income | 183 |  |  | — |  |  | 239 |  |  | — |  |  | 422 |
Net (loss) on forward and derivative contracts | — |  |  | (3,853 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,888 | )
Other income (expense) - net | — |  |  | (56 | ) |  | 483 |  |  | — |  |  | 427 |
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of joint ventures | (9,697 | ) |  | 16,784 |  |  | 16,803 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,890 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,318 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,321 | )
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of joint ventures | (9,700 | ) |  | 16,784 |  |  | 13,485 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,569 |
Equity in earnings (loss) of joint ventures | 30,483 |  |  | 1,369 |  |  | 214 |  |  | (31,852 | ) |  | 214 |
Net income | $ | 20,783 |  |  | $ | 18,153 |  |  | $ | 13,699 |  |  | $ | (31,852 | ) |  | $ | 20,783 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax effect | 1,429 |  |  | 982 |  |  | 337 |  |  | (1,319 | ) |  | 1,429 |
Income tax effect | (382 | ) |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (382 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,047 |  |  | 982 |  |  | 346 |  |  | (1,328 | ) |  | 1,047 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 21,830 |  |  | $ | 19,135 |  |  | $ | 14,045 |  |  | $ | (33,180 | ) |  | $ | 21,830 |

20

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the three months ended September 30, 2016
| The Company |  | Combined Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidating Adjustments |  | Total Consolidated
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Related parties | $ | — |  |  | $ | 170,947 |  |  | $ | 152,449 |  |  | $ | (22,285 | ) |  | $ | 301,111 |
Other customers | — |  |  | 32,795 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (267 | ) |  | 32,539 |
Total net sales | — |  |  | 203,742 |  |  | 152,460 |  |  | (22,552 | ) |  | 333,650 |
Cost of goods sold | — |  |  | 231,082 |  |  | 141,957 |  |  | (21,777 | ) |  | 351,262 |
Gross profit (loss) | — |  |  | (27,340 | ) |  | 10,503 |  |  | (775 | ) |  | (17,612 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 9,517 |  |  | — |  |  | 216 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,733 |
Ravenswood (gains) losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,830 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,830 |
Other operating expense - net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 878 |  |  | — |  |  | 878 |
Operating income (loss) | (9,517 | ) |  | (27,340 | ) |  | (17,421 | ) |  | (775 | ) |  | (55,053 | )
Interest expense | (5,101 | ) |  | (385 | ) |  | (45 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,531 | )
Intercompany interest | 9,947 |  |  | 2,059 |  |  | (12,006 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest income | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 157 |  |  | — |  |  | 190 |
Net gain on forward and derivative contracts | — |  |  | 1,275 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,275 |
Other income (expense) - net | 48 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (219 | ) |  | — |  |  | (157 | )
Loss before income taxes and equity in earnings of joint ventures | (4,590 | ) |  | (24,377 | ) |  | (29,534 | ) |  | (775 | ) |  | (59,276 | )
Income tax (expense) benefit | (877 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,725 |  |  | — |  |  | 848 |
Loss before equity in earnings of joint ventures | (5,467 | ) |  | (24,377 | ) |  | (27,809 | ) |  | (775 | ) |  | (58,428 | )
Equity in earnings (loss) of joint ventures | (52,806 | ) |  | — |  |  | 155 |  |  | 52,806 |  |  | 155 |
Net loss | $ | (58,273 | ) |  | $ | (24,377 | ) |  | $ | (27,654 | ) |  | $ | 52,031 |  |  | $ | (58,273 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax effect | 1,206 |  |  | 777 |  |  | 303 |  |  | (1,080 | ) |  | 1,206 |
Income tax effect | (382 | ) |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (382 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 824 |  |  | 777 |  |  | 311 |  |  | (1,088 | ) |  | 824 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (57,449 | ) |  | $ | (23,600 | ) |  | $ | (27,343 | ) |  | $ | 50,943 |  |  | $ | (57,449 | )

21

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017
| The Company |  | Combined Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidating Adjustments |  | Total Consolidated
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Related parties | $ | — |  |  | $ | 404,130 |  |  | $ | 471,949 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 876,079 |
Other customers | — |  |  | 279,061 |  |  | 93 |  |  | — |  |  | 279,154 |
Total net sales | — |  |  | 683,191 |  |  | 472,042 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,155,233 |
Cost of goods sold | — |  |  | 655,027 |  |  | 419,493 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,074,520 |
Gross profit | — |  |  | 28,164 |  |  | 52,549 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,713 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 32,798 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,048 |
Ravenswood (gains) losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,500 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,500 | )
Other operating expense - net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,590 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,590 |
Operating income (loss) | (32,798 | ) |  | 28,164 |  |  | 55,209 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,575 |
Interest expense | (15,288 | ) |  | (1,153 | ) |  | (133 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16,574 | )
Intercompany interest | 27,104 |  |  | 6,442 |  |  | (33,546 | ) |  |  |  | — |
Interest income | 312 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 624 |  |  | — |  |  | 935 |
Net loss on forward and derivative contracts | — |  |  | (17,056 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17,068 | )
Other income (expense) - net | 677 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (1,847 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,065 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of joint ventures | (19,993 | ) |  | 16,501 |  |  | 20,295 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,803 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | 1,097 |  |  | — |  |  | (5,562 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,465 | )
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of joint ventures | (18,896 | ) |  | 16,501 |  |  | 14,733 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,338 |
Equity in earnings of joint ventures | 31,671 |  |  | 3,889 |  |  | 437 |  |  | (35,560 | ) |  | 437 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 12,775 |  |  | $ | 20,390 |  |  | $ | 15,170 |  |  | $ | (35,560 | ) |  | $ | 12,775 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax effect | 3,073 |  |  | 821 |  |  | 1,166 |  |  | (1,987 | ) |  | 3,073 |
Income tax effect | (1,145 | ) |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | (1,145 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,928 |  |  | 821 |  |  | 1,194 |  |  | (2,015 | ) |  | 1,928 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 14,703 |  |  | $ | 21,211 |  |  | $ | 16,364 |  |  | $ | (37,575 | ) |  | $ | 14,703 |

22

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016
| The Company |  | Combined Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidating Adjustments |  | Total Consolidated
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Related parties | $ | — |  |  | $ | 502,707 |  |  | $ | 438,660 |  |  | $ | (69,596 | ) |  | $ | 871,771 |
Other customers | — |  |  | 107,725 |  |  | 29 |  |  | (267 | ) |  | 107,487 |
Total net sales | — |  |  | 610,432 |  |  | 438,689 |  |  | (69,863 | ) |  | 979,258 |
Cost of goods sold | — |  |  | 653,258 |  |  | 411,651 |  |  | (69,552 | ) |  | 995,357 |
Gross profit (loss) | — |  |  | (42,826 | ) |  | 27,038 |  |  | (311 | ) |  | (16,099 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 26,077 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,226 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,303 |
Ravenswood (gains) losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,830 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,830 |
Other operating expense - net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,337 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,337 |
Operating income (loss) | (26,077 | ) |  | (42,826 | ) |  | (5,355 | ) |  | (311 | ) |  | (74,569 | )
Interest expense | (15,236 | ) |  | (1,150 | ) |  | (135 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16,521 | )
Intercompany interest | 29,222 |  |  | 6,013 |  |  | (35,235 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest income | 108 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 358 |  |  | — |  |  | 475 |
Net gain on forward and derivative contracts | — |  |  | 2,998 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,998 |
Other income (expense) - net | 682 |  |  | 29 |  |  | (1,173 | ) |  | — |  |  | (462 | )
Loss before income taxes and equity in earnings of joint ventures | (11,301 | ) |  | (34,927 | ) |  | (41,540 | ) |  | (311 | ) |  | (88,079 | )
Income tax benefit | 591 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,646 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,237 |
Loss before equity in earnings of joint ventures | (10,710 | ) |  | (34,927 | ) |  | (38,894 | ) |  | (311 | ) |  | (84,842 | )
Equity in earnings (loss) of joint ventures | (73,241 | ) |  | — |  |  | 891 |  |  | 73,241 |  |  | 891 |
Net loss | $ | (83,951 | ) |  | $ | (34,927 | ) |  | $ | (38,003 | ) |  | $ | 72,930 |  |  | $ | (83,951 | )
Other comprehensive income before income tax effect | 3,618 |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | 910 |  |  | (3,242 | ) |  | 3,618 |
Income tax effect | (1,147 | ) |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | (1,147 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 2,471 |  |  | 2,332 |  |  | 935 |  |  | (3,267 | ) |  | 2,471 |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (81,480 | ) |  | $ | (32,595 | ) |  | $ | (37,068 | ) |  | $ | 69,663 |  |  | $ | (81,480 | )

23

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of September 30, 2017
| The Company |  | Combined Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidating Adjustments |  | Total Consolidated
Cash & cash equivalents | $ | 70,752 |  |  | $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | 103,678 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 174,213 |
Restricted cash | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 848 |
Accounts receivable - net | — |  |  | 40,117 |  |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,367 |
Due from affiliates | 42 |  |  | 11,806 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,849 |
Inventories | 180 |  |  | 165,288 |  |  | 96,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 261,756 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 5,959 |  |  | 6,176 |  |  | 9,626 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,761 |
Total current assets | 76,933 |  |  | 223,970 |  |  | 209,891 |  |  | — |  |  | 510,794 |
Property, plant and equipment - net | 17,970 |  |  | 303,708 |  |  | 663,270 |  |  | — |  |  | 984,948 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 736,345 |  |  | 55,129 |  |  | — |  |  | (791,474 | ) |  | — |
Due from affiliates - long term | 514,676 |  |  | 379,331 |  |  | 9,430 |  |  | (903,437 | ) |  | — |
Other assets | 27,834 |  |  | 43,915 |  |  | 27,887 |  |  | (31,915 | ) |  | 67,721 |
TOTAL | $ | 1,373,758 |  |  | $ | 1,006,053 |  |  | $ | 910,478 |  |  | $ | (1,726,826 | ) |  | $ | 1,563,463 |
Accounts payable, trade | $ | 2,712 |  |  | $ | 53,785 |  |  | $ | 40,535 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 97,032 |
Due to affiliates | 785 |  |  | 15,902 |  |  | 6,970 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,657 |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 18,965 |  |  | 19,035 |  |  | 18,732 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,732 |
Accrued employee benefits costs | 1,933 |  |  | 8,020 |  |  | 491 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,444 |
Industrial revenue bonds | — |  |  | 7,815 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,815 |
Total current liabilities | 24,395 |  |  | 104,557 |  |  | 66,728 |  |  | — |  |  | 195,680 |
Senior notes payable | 248,036 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 248,036 |
Accrued pension benefits costs - less current portion | 45,587 |  |  | 19,666 |  |  | 13,497 |  |  | (31,915 | ) |  | 46,835 |
Accrued postretirement benefits costs - less current portion | 3,873 |  |  | 122,549 |  |  | 1,670 |  |  | — |  |  | 128,092 |
Due to affiliates - long term | 270,878 |  |  | 59,395 |  |  | 573,164 |  |  | (903,437 | ) |  | — |
Other liabilities | 7,895 |  |  | 32,115 |  |  | 22,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,094 |
Deferred taxes | — |  |  | 2,721 |  |  | 106,911 |  |  | — |  |  | 109,632 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 576,269 |  |  | 236,446 |  |  | 717,326 |  |  | (935,352 | ) |  | 594,689 |
Preferred stock | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Common stock | 945 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 59 |  |  | (60 | ) |  | 945 |
Other shareholders' equity | 772,148 |  |  | 665,049 |  |  | 126,365 |  |  | (791,414 | ) |  | 772,148 |
Total shareholders' equity | 773,094 |  |  | 665,050 |  |  | 126,424 |  |  | (791,474 | ) |  | 773,094 |
TOTAL | $ | 1,373,758 |  |  | $ | 1,006,053 |  |  | $ | 910,478 |  |  | $ | (1,726,826 | ) |  | $ | 1,563,463 |

24

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2016
| The Company |  | Combined Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidating Adjustments |  | Total Consolidated
Cash & cash equivalents | $ | 36,670 |  |  | $ | (255 | ) |  | $ | 95,988 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 132,403 |
Restricted cash | — |  |  | 794 |  |  | 256 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,050 |
Accounts receivable - net | 167 |  |  | 11,883 |  |  | 382 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,432 |
Due from affiliates | 42 |  |  | 16,606 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,651 |
Inventories | 180 |  |  | 146,689 |  |  | 86,694 |  |  | — |  |  | 233,563 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 6,838 |  |  | 5,699 |  |  | 9,673 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,210 |
Assets held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,313 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,313 |
Total current assets | 43,897 |  |  | 181,416 |  |  | 215,309 |  |  | — |  |  | 440,622 |
Property, plant and equipment - net | 12,311 |  |  | 328,069 |  |  | 685,905 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,026,285 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 702,659 |  |  | 51,240 |  |  | — |  |  | (753,899 | ) |  | — |
Due from affiliates - long term | 529,873 |  |  | 346,893 |  |  | 1,792 |  |  | (878,558 | ) |  | — |
Other assets | 28,215 |  |  | 49,331 |  |  | 27,596 |  |  | (31,722 | ) |  | 73,420 |
TOTAL | $ | 1,316,955 |  |  | $ | 956,949 |  |  | $ | 930,602 |  |  | $ | (1,664,179 | ) |  | $ | 1,540,327 |
Accounts payable, trade | $ | 6,125 |  |  | $ | 52,921 |  |  | $ | 35,914 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 94,960 |
Due to affiliates | 417 |  |  | 9,641 |  |  | 5,310 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,368 |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 11,950 |  |  | 17,744 |  |  | 20,406 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,100 |
Accrued employee benefits costs | 1,932 |  |  | 8,317 |  |  | 668 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,917 |
Industrial revenue bonds | — |  |  | 7,815 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,815 |
Total current liabilities | 20,424 |  |  | 96,438 |  |  | 62,298 |  |  | — |  |  | 179,160 |
Senior notes payable | 247,699 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 247,699 |
Accrued pension benefits costs - less current portion | 46,390 |  |  | 20,167 |  |  | 14,658 |  |  | (31,722 | ) |  | 49,493 |
Accrued postretirement benefits costs - less current portion | 4,380 |  |  | 120,242 |  |  | 1,733 |  |  | — |  |  | 126,355 |
Other liabilities | 4,160 |  |  | 30,920 |  |  | 36,946 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,026 |
Due to affiliates - long term | 237,247 |  |  | 42,609 |  |  | 598,702 |  |  | (878,558 | ) |  | — |
Deferred taxes | — |  |  | 2,735 |  |  | 106,204 |  |  | — |  |  | 108,939 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 539,876 |  |  | 216,673 |  |  | 758,243 |  |  | (910,280 | ) |  | 604,512 |
Preferred stock | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Common stock | 944 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 59 |  |  | (60 | ) |  | 944 |
Other shareholders' equity | 755,710 |  |  | 643,837 |  |  | 110,002 |  |  | (753,839 | ) |  | 755,710 |
Total shareholders' equity | 756,655 |  |  | 643,838 |  |  | 110,061 |  |  | (753,899 | ) |  | 756,655 |
TOTAL | $ | 1,316,955 |  |  | $ | 956,949 |  |  | $ | 930,602 |  |  | $ | (1,664,179 | ) |  | $ | 1,540,327 |

25

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017
| The Company |  | Combined Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidating Adjustments |  | Total Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (25,306 | ) |  | $ | 14,298 |  |  | $ | 61,675 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,667 |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (8,773 | ) |  | (5,880 | ) |  | (8,937 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23,590 | )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | — |  |  | 831 |  |  | 13,621 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,452 |
Intercompany transactions | 34,249 |  |  | (25,996 | ) |  | (7,639 | ) |  | (614 | ) |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 25,476 |  |  | (31,045 | ) |  | (2,955 | ) |  | (614 | ) |  | (9,138 | )
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities | 1,022 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,022 |
Repayments under revolving credit facilities | (1,022 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,022 | )
Issuance of common stock | 281 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 281 |
Intercompany transactions | 33,631 |  |  | 16,785 |  |  | (51,030 | ) |  | 614 |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 33,912 |  |  | 16,785 |  |  | (51,030 | ) |  | 614 |  |  | 281 |
CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 34,082 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 7,690 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,810 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 36,670 |  |  | (255 | ) |  | 95,988 |  |  | — |  |  | 132,403 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 70,752 |  |  | $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | 103,678 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 174,213 |

26

CENTURY ALUMINUM COMPANY
Condensed Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016
| The Company |  | Combined Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Consolidating Adjustments |  | Total Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (20,816 | ) |  | $ | 23,045 |  |  | $ | (2,887 | ) |  | $ | 15,985 |  |  | $ | 15,327 |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | — |  |  | (4,252 | ) |  | (8,875 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13,127 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | — |  |  | (4,252 | ) |  | (8,875 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13,127 | )
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities | 900 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 900 |
Repayments under revolving credit facilities | (900 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (900 | )
Intercompany transactions | — |  |  | (15,271 | ) |  | 31,256 |  |  | (15,985 | ) |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | — |  |  | (15,271 | ) |  | 31,256 |  |  | (15,985 | ) |  | — |
CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (20,816 | ) |  | 3,522 |  |  | 19,494 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,200 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 58,421 |  |  | (3,647 | ) |  | 60,619 |  |  | — |  |  | 115,393 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 37,605 |  |  | $ | (125 | ) |  | $ | 80,113 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 117,593 |

27

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This quarterly report includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are subject to the "safe harbor" created by section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"), as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements about future events and are based on our current expectations. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the words “believe,” “expect,” “target,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “estimate,” “potential,” “project,” “scheduled,” “forecast” or words of similar meaning, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “might,” or “may.”
Forward-looking statements in this quarterly report and in our other reports filed with the SEC, for example, may include statements regarding:

• | Future global and local financial and economic conditions;

• | Our assessment of the aluminum market and aluminum prices (including premiums);

• | The potential outcome of any trade claims to address excess capacity or unfair trade practices in the aluminum industry;

• | Our ability to procure alumina, carbon products and other raw materials and our assessment of pricing and costs and other terms relating thereto;

• | Our assessment of power pricing and our ability to successfully obtain and/or implement long-term competitive power arrangements for our operations and projects, including at Mt. Holly;

• | Our ability to successfully manage transmission issues and wholesale market power price risk and to control or reduce power costs;

• | Our plans and expectations with respect to the future operation of our smelters and our other operations, including future production restarts or curtailments;

• | The future financial and operating performance of the Company, its subsidiaries and its projects;

• | Future earnings, operating results and liquidity;

• | Future inventory, production, sales, cash costs and capital expenditures;

• | Future impairment charges or restructuring costs;

• | Access to existing or future financing arrangements;

• | Our ability to repay debt in the future;

• | Estimates of our pension and other postretirement liabilities and future payments, property plant and equipment impairment, environmental liabilities and other contingent liabilities and contractual commitments;

• | Future construction investment and development;

• | The anticipated impact of recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting principles;

• | Our anticipated tax liabilities, benefits or refunds including the realization of U.S. and certain foreign deferred tax assets;

• | Our assessment of the ultimate outcome of outstanding litigation and environmental matters and liabilities relating thereto;

• | The effect of future laws and regulations; and

• | Our future business objectives, plans, strategies and initiatives.

Where we express an expectation or belief as to future events or results, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis. However, our forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed, projected or implied by those forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results and events to differ from those described in such forward-looking statements can be found in the risk factors and forward-looking statements cautionary language contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and in other filings made with the SEC. Although we have attempted to identify those material factors that could cause actual results or events to differ from those described in such forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that could cause results or events to differ from those anticipated, estimated or intended. Many of these factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Given these uncertainties, the reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Century Aluminum and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto. This MD&A contains “forward-looking statements” - see “Forward-Looking Statements” above.
Overview
We are a global producer of primary aluminum with aluminum reduction facilities, or "smelters," in the United States and Iceland. The key determinants of our results of operations and cash flow from operations are as follows:

• | the price of primary aluminum, which is based on the LME, or other exchanges, regional delivery premiums and any value-added product premiums;

• | the cost of goods sold, the principal components of which are electrical power, alumina, carbon products and labor, which in aggregate exceed 75% of our cost of goods sold; and

• | our production and shipment volume.

Results of Operations
The following discussion for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 reflects Grundartangi and Sebree operating at full capacity and Hawesville and Mt. Holly operating at approximately 40% and 50% of full capacity, respectively.
Our net sales are impacted primarily by the LME price for aluminum, regional and value added premiums, and the volume and product mix of aluminum we ship during the period. In general, our results reflect the LME and regional premium pricing on an approximately two-month lag basis reflecting contractual terms with our customers.
Electrical power, alumina, carbon anodes and labor are the principal components of our cost of goods sold. These components together represented over 75% of our cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2016. In general, our results reflect the market cost of alumina on an approximately three-month lag reflecting the terms of our alumina contracts and inventory levels.

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| (In thousands, except per share data)
NET SALES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Related parties | $ | 299,235 |  |  | $ | 301,111 |  |  | $ | 876,079 |  |  | $ | 871,771 |
Other customers | 101,410 |  |  | 32,539 |  |  | 279,154 |  |  | 107,487 |
Total net sales | $ | 400,645 |  |  | $ | 333,650 |  |  | $ | 1,155,233 |  |  | $ | 979,258 |
Gross profit (loss) | $ | 41,402 |  |  | $ | (17,612 | ) |  | $ | 80,713 |  |  | $ | (16,099 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | 20,783 |  |  | $ | (58,273 | ) |  | $ | 12,775 |  |  | $ | (83,951 | )
INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.67 | ) |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | (0.96 | )
Diluted | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.67 | ) |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | (0.96 | )

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SHIPMENTS - PRIMARY ALUMINUM 1 |  |  |  |
| Direct¹ |  | Toll
| United States |  | Iceland |  | Iceland
| Tonnes |  | Sales $ (000) |  | Tonnes |  | Sales $ (000) |  | Tonnes |  | Sales $ (000)
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3rd Quarter | 106,192 |  |  | $ | 235,831 |  |  | 78,782 |  |  | $ | 161,051 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
2nd Quarter | 103,762 |  |  | 225,552 |  |  | 79,067 |  |  | 161,456 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
1st Quarter | 106,961 |  |  | 214,705 |  |  | 79,434 |  |  | 149,535 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 316,915 |  |  | $ | 676,088 |  |  | 237,283 |  |  | $ | 472,042 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3rd Quarter | 106,890 |  |  | $ | 201,973 |  |  | 75,539 |  |  | $ | 130,177 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
2nd Quarter | 106,974 |  |  | 204,173 |  |  | 54,968 |  |  | 92,707 |  |  | 23,625 |  |  | 27,944 |
1st Quarter | 105,089 |  |  | 194,826 |  |  | 55,030 |  |  | 92,151 |  |  | 22,500 |  |  | 26,115 |
Total | 318,953 |  |  | $ | 600,972 |  |  | 185,537 |  |  | $ | 315,035 |  |  | 46,125 |  |  | $ | 54,059 |

(1) | Excludes scrap aluminum sales.

Net sales (in millions) | 2017 | 2016 | $ Difference
Three months ended September 30, | $ | 400.6 |  | $ | 333.7 |  | $ | 66.9 |
Nine months ended September 30, | $ | 1,155.2 |  | $ | 979.3 |  | $ | 175.9 |

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2017 improved $66.9 million compared to the same period in 2016 driven primarily by higher price realizations of $63.5 million and favorable volume/mix of $3.4 million.
Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 improved $175.9 million compared to the same period in 2016 driven primarily by higher price realizations of $175.5 million and favorable volume/mix of $0.4 million.

Gross profit (loss) (in millions) | 2017 | 2016 | $ Difference
Three months ended September 30, | $ | 41.4 |  | $ | (17.6 | ) | $ | 59.0 |
Nine months ended September 30, | $ | 80.7 |  | $ | (16.1 | ) | $ | 96.8 |

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 improved $59.0 million compared to the same period in 2016 driven primarily by higher price realizations of $63.5 million, of which $59.8 million was attributable to higher LME, as well as favorable operating expense and volume/mix of $2.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively. The improvement was partially offset by unfavorable raw material prices of $7.4 million, unfavorable power prices of $1.8 million and unfavorable other of $0.6 million.
Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 improved $96.8 million compared to the same period in 2016 driven primarily by higher price realizations of $175.5 million, of which $171.8 million was due to higher LME, and favorable operating expense of $8.1 million. This favorability was partially offset by unfavorable raw material prices of $49.9 million, unfavorable power prices of $30.6 million, unfavorable volume/mix of $6.0 million and other unfavorability of $0.3 million.

Selling, general and administrative expenses (in millions) | 2017 | 2016 | $ Difference
Three months ended September 30, | $ | 14.0 |  | $ | 9.7 |  | $ | 4.3 |
Nine months ended September 30, | $ | 34.0 |  | $ | 29.3 |  | $ | 4.7 |

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Selling, general and administrative expenses for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were higher by $4.3 million and $4.7 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The increase was primarily due to higher professional fees incurred during the current quarter.

Net gain (loss) on forward and derivative contracts (in millions) | 2017 | 2016 | $ Difference
Three months ended September 30, | $ | (3.9 | ) | $ | 1.3 |  | $ | (5.2 | )
Nine months ended September 30, | $ | (17.1 | ) | $ | 3.0 |  | $ | (20.1 | )

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded unrealized gains of $1.3 million and realized losses of $5.2 million for a net loss of $3.9 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded unrealized and realized losses of $5.9 million and $11.2 million, respectively, for a total loss of $17.1 million. The period to period changes in net gain (loss) on forward and derivative contracts was primarily due to the impact of LME market price increases on the fair value of our forward and derivative contracts. See Note 13 Derivatives to the consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information.

Income tax (expense) benefit (in millions) | 2017 | 2016 | $ Difference
Three months ended September 30, | $ | (3.3 | ) | $ | 0.8 |  | $ | (4.1 | )
Nine months ended September 30, | $ | (4.5 | ) | $ | 3.2 |  | $ | (7.7 | )

We have a valuation allowance against all of our U.S. and certain foreign deferred tax assets. The period to period differences in income tax (expense) benefit are primarily due to the change in earnings at our foreign entities that are not subject to a valuation allowance while the entities that are subject to a valuation allowance are unable to recognize a tax benefit for their losses. See Note 6 Income taxes to the consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
Our principal sources of liquidity are available cash, cash flow from operations and borrowing capacity under our existing revolving credit facilities. We have also raised capital in the past through the public equity and debt markets, and we regularly explore various other financing alternatives. Our principal uses of cash include the funding of operating costs (including post-retirement benefits), debt service requirements, the funding of capital expenditures, investments in our growth activities and in related businesses, working capital and other general corporate requirements.
Available Cash
Our consolidated cash and cash equivalents balance at September 30, 2017 was $174.2 million compared to $132.4 million at December 31, 2016.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Our statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are summarized below:

| Nine months ended September 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
| (in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 50,667 |  |  | $ | 15,327 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (9,138 | ) |  | (13,127 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 281 |  |  | — |
Change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 41,810 |  |  | $ | 2,200 |

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $50.7 million and $15.3 million, respectively. The favorable change in cash provided by operating activities was driven by year to date net income compared to a net loss in the prior year, partially offset by a $26.2 million increase in trade accounts receivable in 2017
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as compared to 2016 resulting from longer payment terms as we increased direct sales to end-users and a $22.8 million increase in inventories due to higher raw material costs.
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $9.1 million and $13.1 million, respectively. The change in cash used in investing activities was driven primarily by proceeds of $13.6 million received in January 2017 from the sale of our Ravenswood facility, partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures in 2017 of $10.5 million over the prior year period.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was immaterial.
Availability Under Our Credit Facilities
We and certain of our direct and indirect subsidiaries are party to a senior secured revolving credit facility for our U.S. operations, dated May 24, 2013, as amended, with a syndicate of lenders which provides for borrowings of up to $150 million in the aggregate, including up to $110 million under a letter of credit sub-facility. We have also entered into, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Nordural Grundartangi ehf, a $50 million revolving credit facility, dated November 27, 2013. Our U.S. revolving credit facility matures in June 2020 and our Iceland revolving credit facility matures in November 2018.
The availability of funds under our credit facilities is limited by a specified borrowing base consisting of certain accounts receivable, inventory and qualified cash deposits. Curtailments of production capacity decrease our borrowing base by reducing our accounts receivable and inventory balances. As of September 30, 2017, our credit facilities had $136.6 million of net availability, after consideration of our outstanding letters of credit. We may borrow and make repayments under our credit facilities in the ordinary course based on a number of factors, including the timing of payments from our customers and payments to our suppliers. The borrowings and repayments under our credit facilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were related to routine banking fees.
As of September 30, 2017, we had $38.7 million of letters of credit outstanding under our U.S. revolving credit facility with 57% related to our domestic power commitments and the remainder securing certain debt and workers' compensation commitments.
Our credit facilities contain customary covenants, including restrictions on mergers and acquisitions, indebtedness, affiliate transactions, liens, dividends and distributions, dispositions of collateral, investments and prepayments of indebtedness, including, in the U.S., a springing financial covenant that requires us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.1 to 1.0 any time availability under the U.S. revolving credit facility is less than or equal to $15.0 million. As of September 30, 2017, our fixed charge coverage ratio was less than 1.1 to 1.0; however, our availability under the U.S. credit facility as of September 30, 2017 was $86.6 million. Our Icelandic credit facility also contains a covenant that requires Grundartangi to maintain a minimum equity ratio. As of September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all such covenants.
Senior Secured Notes
We have $250 million in 7.5% senior secured notes payable that will mature on June 1, 2021. The indenture governing the 2021 Notes contains customary covenants which may limit our ability, and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries, to: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) incur additional liens; (iii) pay dividends or make distributions in respect of capital stock; (iv) purchase or redeem capital stock; (v) make investments or certain other restricted payments; (vi) sell assets; (vii) issue or sell stock of certain subsidiaries; (viii) enter into transactions with shareholders or affiliates; and (ix) effect a consolidation or merger.
Contingent Commitments
We have a contingent obligation to E.ON which consists of the aggregate E.ON payments made to Big Rivers on CAKY’s behalf in excess of the agreed upon base amount under the long-term cost-based power contract with Kenergy. As of September 30, 2017, the principal and accrued interest for the E.ON contingent obligation was $22.1 million, which was fully offset by a derivative asset. We may be required to make installment payments for the E.ON contingent obligation in the future. These payments are contingent based on the LME price of primary aluminum and the level of Hawesville’s operations. Based on the LME forward market at September 30, 2017 and management’s estimate of the LME forward market beyond the quoted market period, we have assessed that we will not be required to make payments on the E.ON contingent obligation during the term of the agreement through 2028. There can be no assurance that circumstances will not change, thus accelerating the timing of such payments.
Employee Benefit Plan Contributions
In April 2013, we entered into a settlement agreement with the PBGC regarding an alleged "cessation of operations" at our Ravenswood facility as a result of the curtailment of operations at the facility and, pursuant to the agreement, we agreed to
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make additional contributions (above any minimum required contributions) to our defined benefit pension plans totaling approximately $17.4 million. The agreement permits us to defer payments during periods of lower primary aluminum prices relative to our cost of operations. We remeasure aluminum prices against our cost of operations on an annual basis based on our fourth quarter results. To the extent that we elect to defer one or more of these payments, we are required to provide the PBGC with acceptable security for any such deferred payments. We made contributions pursuant to this agreement of $1.1 million in 2015 and $6.7 million in 2013. We did not make any contributions during 2014, 2016 and the nine month period ended September 30, 2017. The remaining contributions under this agreement are approximately $9.6 million.
Other items
In 2011, our Board of Directors approved a $60 million common stock repurchase program which was expanded in 2015 to $130 million. Through September 30, 2017, we expended $86.3 million under the program and repurchased 7.2 million common shares. There have been no share repurchases since April 2015 and as of September 30, 2017, we had $43.7 million remaining under the repurchase program authorization. The repurchase program may be expanded, suspended or discontinued by our Board, in its sole discretion, at any time.
In November 2009, Century Aluminum of West Virginia ("CAWV") filed a class action complaint for declaratory judgment against the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union ("USW"), the USW’s local and certain CAWV retirees, individually and as class representatives ("CAWV Retirees"), seeking a declaration of CAWV’s rights to modify/terminate retiree medical benefits. Later in November 2009, the USW and representatives of a retiree class filed a separate suit against CAWV, Century Aluminum Company, Century Aluminum Master Welfare Benefit Plan, and various John Does with respect to the foregoing.
On August 18, 2017, the District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia approved a settlement agreement in respect of these actions. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, CAWV agreed to make payments into a trust for the benefit of the CAWV Retirees in the aggregate amount of $23,000 over the course of 10 years. Upon approval of the settlement, we paid $5,000 to the aforementioned trust in September 2017 and recognized a gain of $5,500 to arrive at the net present value of the $12,500 liability recorded in accrued and other current liabilities as well as other liabilities, as of September 30, 2017. CAWV has agreed to pay the remaining amounts under the settlement agreement in annual increments of $2,000 for nine years. We utilized and expect to continue utilizing cash flows from operations to fund the payments associated with this settlement. See Note 9 Commitments and contingencies to the consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information.
We are also a defendant in several actions relating to various aspects of our business. While it is impossible to predict the ultimate disposition of any such litigation, we do not believe that any of these lawsuits, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. See Note 9 Commitments and contingencies to the consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information.
Capital Resources
We intend to finance our future recurring capital expenditures from available cash, cash flow from operations and available borrowing capacity under our existing revolving credit facilities. For major investment projects we would likely seek financing from various capital and loan markets, and may potentially pursue the formation of strategic alliances. We may be unable, however, to issue additional debt or equity securities, or enter into other financing arrangements on attractive terms, or at all, due to a number of factors including a lack of demand, unfavorable pricing, poor economic conditions, unfavorable interest rates, or our financial condition or credit rating at the time. Future uncertainty in the U.S. and international markets and economies may adversely affect our liquidity, our ability to access the debt or capital markets and our financial condition.
Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $23.6 million. We estimate our total capital spending in 2017 will be approximately $30.0 million, primarily related to our ongoing maintenance and investment projects at our smelters.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Commodity Price Sensitivity
We are exposed to price risk for primary aluminum. From time to time, we may manage our exposure to fluctuations in the price of primary aluminum through financial instruments designed to protect our downside price risk exposure. As of September 30, 2017, we had open LME forward financial sales contracts to fix the forward LME price of 19,590 tonnes of primary aluminum. Of these, 17 tonnes settle monthly, on a ratable basis, through December 31, 2017, with the remaining
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expected to settle ratably between November 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. At September 30, 2017 we recorded a liability of $7.7 million to reflect the fair value for the forward financial sales contracts.
From time to time, we enter into financial contracts to offset fixed price sales arrangements with certain of our customers to remain exposed to the LME price. As of September 30, 2017, we had open positions related to such arrangements of 6,207 tonnes of primary aluminum which settle on various dates up to and including December 2018. These financial contracts have equal and offsetting asset and liability positions, resulting in a net fair value of zero.
We are also exposed to price risk for alumina which is a large component of our cost of goods sold. We may from time to time manage our exposure to fluctuations in our alumina costs by purchasing certain of our alumina requirements under supply contracts with prices tied to the same indices as our aluminum sales contracts (the LME price of primary aluminum). Currently, all of our alumina contracts are priced based on a published alumina index.
Our risk management activities do not include any trading or speculative transactions.
Market-Based Power Price Sensitivity
Market-Based Electrical Power Agreements
Hawesville and Sebree have market-based electrical power agreements pursuant to which EDF and Kenergy purchase electrical power on the open market and pass it through at MISO energy pricing, plus transmission and other costs incurred by them. 75% of Mt. Holly's electric power requirements were supplied at rates based on natural gas prices. See Note 9 Commitments and Contingencies to the consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information about these market-based power agreements.
Power is supplied to Grundartangi from hydroelectric and geothermal sources under long-term power purchase agreements. These power purchase agreements, which will expire on various dates from 2023 through 2036 (subject to extension), primarily provide power at LME-based variable rates. However, Grundartangi has agreed to pay a portion of its power from November 1, 2019 through December 31, 2023 at prices linked to the Nord Pool power market.
Electrical Power Price Sensitivity
With the movement toward market-based power supply agreements, we have increased our electrical power price risk for our operations, whether due to fluctuations in the price of power available on the MISO or Nord Pool power markets or the price of natural gas. Power represents our single largest operating cost, so changes in the price and/or availability of market power could significantly impact the profitability and viability of our operations. Transmission line outages, problems with grid stability or limitations on energy import capability could also increase power prices, disrupt production through pot instability or force a curtailment of all or part of the production at these facilities. In addition, indirect factors that lead to power cost increases, such as any increasing prices for natural gas or coal, fluctuations in or extremes in weather patterns or new or more stringent environmental regulations may severely impact our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
From time to time, we may manage our exposure to fluctuations in the market price of power through financial instruments designed to protect our downside risk exposure. During 2017, we entered into financial contracts to fix the forward price of approximately 4% of power purchases at Grundartangi for the period November 1, 2019 through December 31, 2020 (the “power price swaps”). As of September 30, 2017, we had an open position of 256,200 MWh related to the power price swaps and the fair value was immaterial.
The consumption shown in the table below is at normal capacity levels and does not reflect partial production curtailments.

Electrical power price sensitivity by location:
| Hawesville |  | Sebree |  | Mt. Holly |  | Total
Expected average load (in megawatts ("MW")) | 482 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 1,267 |
Quarterly estimated electrical power usage (in megawatt hours ("MWh")) | 1,055,580 |  |  | 843,150 |  |  | 876,000 |  |  | 2,774,730 |
Quarterly cost impact of an increase or decrease of $1 per MWh (in thousands) | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 2,800 |
Annual expected electrical power usage (in MWh) | 4,222,320 |  |  | 3,372,600 |  |  | 3,504,000 |  |  | 11,098,920 |
Annual cost impact of an increase or decrease of $1 per MWh (in thousands) | $ | 4,200 |  |  | $ | 3,400 |  |  | $ | 3,500 |  |  | $ | 11,100 |

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The operations at Hawesville and Mt. Holly, however, are currently running at approximately 40% and 50% of full capacity, respectively.
Foreign Currency
We are exposed to foreign currency risk due to fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar as compared to the Iceland krona ("ISK"), the euro, the Chinese renminbi and other currencies. Grundartangi’s labor costs, part of its maintenance costs and other local services are denominated in ISK and a portion of its anode costs are denominated in euros and Chinese renminbi. We have deposits denominated in ISK in Icelandic banks; in addition, our estimated payments of Icelandic income taxes and any associated refunds are denominated in ISK. Further, Vlissingen's labor costs, maintenance costs and other local services are denominated in euros. As a result, an increase or decrease in the value of those currencies relative to the U.S. dollar would affect Grundartangi’s operating margins.
We may manage our exposure by entering into foreign currency forward contracts or option contracts for forecasted transactions and projected cash flows for foreign currencies in future periods. As of September 30, 2017, we had no foreign currency forward contracts outstanding.
Natural Economic Hedges
Any analysis of our exposure to the commodity price of aluminum should consider the impact of natural hedges provided by certain contracts that contain pricing indexed to the LME price for primary aluminum. A substantial portion of Grundartangi’s electrical power requirements are indexed to the LME price for primary aluminum and provide a natural hedge for a portion of our production.
Risk Management
Any metals, power, natural gas and foreign currency risk management activities are subject to the control and direction of senior management within guidelines established by Century’s Board of Directors. These activities are regularly reported to Century’s Board of Directors.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
a. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of September 30, 2017, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017.
b. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the three months ended September 30, 2017, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
We are a party from time to time in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business, the outcomes of which, in the opinion of management, neither individually nor in the aggregate are likely to result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. For information regarding legal proceedings pending against us at September 30, 2017, refer to Note 9 Commitments and contingencies to the consolidated financial statements included herein.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
The following is an update to the similarly named risk factor set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. Other than the following update, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. You should carefully consider the risk factor set forth below and those contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our other filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should be aware that these risk factors and other information may not describe every risk facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
Unpredictable events, including natural disasters, dangerous weather conditions, river conditions and political unrest, may adversely affect our ability to conduct business.
We receive a significant portion of our revenues from operations in areas that have heightened risk of natural disasters, including Iceland. Iceland suffered several natural disasters and extreme weather events in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2016, including significant volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Power is supplied to our Grundartangi smelter from hydroelectric and geothermal sources. Lack of sufficient rain that leads to low water levels in the reservoirs could lead to power curtailments which impact our production.Future unpredictable events, including natural disasters, dangerous weather conditions and political unrest, may adversely affect our ability to conduct business by causing disruptions in Icelandic, Chinese, Dutch, U.S. or global economic conditions, inflicting loss of life, damaging property and requiring substantial capital expenditures and operating expenses to remediate damage and restore operations at our production facilities.
In addition, we accept delivery of necessary raw materials transported using public infrastructure such as river systems and seaports. Deterioration of such infrastructure and/or other adverse conditions could result in transportation delays or interruptions and increased costs, as occurred during the third quarter of 2017 when lock closures on the Ohio River impacted our alumina supply and forced us to find alternative means to transport alumina to our Kentucky operations at increased cost. Any delays in the delivery of raw materials necessary for our production impact our ability to operate our plants and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operation.
Future unpredictable events, including natural disasters, dangerous weather conditions and political unrest, may adversely affect our ability to conduct business by causing disruptions in Icelandic, Chinese, Dutch, U.S. or global economic conditions, inflicting loss of life, damaging property and requiring substantial capital expenditures and operating expenses to remediate damage and restore operations at our production facilities.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
None.
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Item 5. Other Information.
Disclosure pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act
Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“ITRA”), effective August 10, 2012, added a new subsection (r) to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, which requires issuers that file periodic reports with the SEC to disclose in their annual and quarterly reports whether, during the reporting period, they or any of their “affiliates” (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) have knowingly engaged in specified activities or transactions relating to Iran, including activities not prohibited by U.S. law and conducted outside the U.S. by non-U.S. affiliates in compliance with applicable laws. Issuers must also file a notice with the SEC if any disclosable activity under ITRA has been included in an annual or quarterly report.
Because the SEC defines the term “affiliate” broadly, our largest stockholder may be considered an affiliate of the Company despite the fact that the Company has no control over its largest stockholder’s actions or the actions of its affiliates. As such, pursuant to Section 13(r)(1)(D)(iii) of the Exchange Act, the Company hereby discloses the following information provided by our largest stockholder regarding transactions or dealings with entities controlled by the Government of Iran (“the GOI”):
During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, non-U.S. affiliates of the largest stockholder of the Company (“the non-U.S. Stockholder Affiliates”) entered into sales and purchase contracts for agricultural products, metals, minerals, and energy products with, or for delivery to or from Iranian entities wholly or majority owned by the GOI. The non-U.S. Stockholder Affiliates performed their obligations under the contracts in compliance with applicable sanction laws and, where required, with the necessary prior approvals by the relevant governmental authorities.
The gross revenue of the non-U.S Stockholder Affiliates related to the contracts did not exceed the value of USD $144 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2017.
The non-U.S. Stockholder Affiliates do not allocate net profit on a country-by-country or activity-by-activity basis, but estimate that the net profit attributable to the contracts would not exceed a small fraction of the gross revenue from such contracts. It is not possible to determine accurately the precise net profit attributable to such contracts.
The contracts disclosed above do not violate applicable sanctions laws administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, and are not the subject of any enforcement action under Iran sanction laws.
In compliance with applicable economic sanctions and in conformity with U.S. secondary sanctions, the non-U.S. Stockholder Affiliates expect to continue to engage in similar activities in the future.
The Company and its global subsidiaries had no transactions or activities requiring disclosure under ITRA, nor were we involved in the transactions described in this section. As of the date of this report, the Company is not aware of any other activity, transaction or dealing by it or any of its affiliates during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 that requires disclosure in this report under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act.
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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit | Incorporated by Reference | Filed Herewith
Form | File No. | Filing Date
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer |  |  |  | X
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification (pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Section 906) by Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer |  |  |  | X
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document |  |  |  | X
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |  |  |  | X
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |  |  |  | X
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |  |  |  | X
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |  |  |  | X
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |  |  |  | X

_______________________________
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | Century Aluminum Company
Date: | November 8, 2017 |  | By: | /s/ MICHAEL A. BLESS
|  |  |  | Michael A. Bless
|  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
Date: | November 8, 2017 |  | By: | /s/ STEPHEN K. HEYROTH
|  |  |  | Stephen K. Heyroth
|  |  |  | Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

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