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FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Fair value is defined under GAAP as the price that would be required to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; with such a transaction based on the principal market, or in the absence of a principal market the most advantageous market for the specific instrument. GAAP provides for a three-level fair value hierarchy that classifies the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value, defined as follows: Level 1: Inputs that are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity can access. Level 2: Inputs, other than those included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. Level 3: Inputs that are unobservable (e.g., internally derived assumptions) and reflect an entity’s assumptions about estimates market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available under the circumstances. In particular, Level 3 inputs and valuation techniques involve judgment and as a result are not necessarily indicative of amounts we would realize in a current market exchange. The use of different assumptions or estimation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. We monitor the market conditions and evaluate the fair value hierarchy levels at least quarterly. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no transfers into or out of Level 3, and no transfers between Levels 1 and 2. The following table summarizes the carrying values and fair values of our financial assets and financial liabilities as of the dates presented:
| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
(Millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit card and other loans, net | $ | 15,585 |  |  | $ | 17,691 |  |  | $ | 16,655 |  |  | $ | 19,011 |
Investment securities | 223 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 217 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 13,535 |  |  | $ | 13,551 |  |  | $ | 13,082 |  |  | $ | 13,087 |
Debt issued by consolidated VIEs | 2,682 |  |  | 2,702 |  |  | 4,558 |  |  | 4,572 |
Long-term and other debt | 1,105 |  |  | 1,179 |  |  | 999 |  |  | 1,085 |
Valuation Techniques Used in the Fair Value Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Credit card and other loans, net: Our Credit card and other loans are recorded at amortized cost, less the Allowance for credit losses, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In estimating the fair values, we use a discounted cash flow model (i.e., Level 3 inputs), primarily because a comparable whole loan sales market for similar loans does not exist, and therefore there is a lack of observable pricing inputs. We use various internally derived inputs, including projected income, discount rates and forecasted charge-offs. Economic value attributable to future loans generated by the cardholder accounts is not included in the fair values. Investment securities: Investment securities consist of AFS debt securities, including both mortgage-backed securities and municipal bonds, as well as equity securities, which are mutual funds, and are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Quoted prices of identical or similar investment securities in active markets are used to estimate the fair values (i.e., Level 1 or Level 2 inputs). Derivative assets and liabilities: We use derivatives to manage our interest rate and foreign currency risk exposures. When quoted market prices are available and used to value our derivatives, we classify them as Level 1. However, the majority of our derivatives do not have readily available quoted market prices. Therefore, we value most of our derivatives using vendor-based models. We primarily rely on market observable inputs for these models, including, for example, interest rate yield curves and currency rates. These inputs can vary depending on the type of derivatives and nature of the underlying rate, price or index upon which the value of the derivative is based. We typically classify derivatives as Level 2 as significant inputs can be observed in a liquid market and the model itself does not require significant judgment. Our derivatives are included in Other assets or Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value impacts of our derivative assets and liabilities were insignificant to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods presented on both a gross basis and, where applicable, a net basis. Deposits: Money market and other non-maturity deposits carrying values approximate their fair values because they are short-term in duration and have no defined maturity. GAAP requires that the fair values of deposit liabilities with no stated maturities equal their carrying values and does not permit recognition of the inherent funding value of the instruments. Certificates of deposit are recorded at their historical issuance cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, adjusted for unamortized fees, with the fair value being estimated based on the currently observable market rates available to us for similar deposits with similar remaining maturities (i.e., Level 2 inputs). Interest payable is included within Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Debt issued by consolidated VIEs: We record Debt issued by our consolidated VIEs at amortized cost (including unamortized fees, issuance costs, premiums and discounts, where applicable) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value is estimated based on the currently observable market rates available to us for similar debt instruments with similar remaining maturities or quoted market prices for the same transaction (i.e., Level 2 inputs). Interest payable is included within Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Long-term and other debt: We record Long-term and other debt at amortized cost (including unamortized fees, issuance costs, premiums and discounts, where applicable) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value is estimated based on the currently observable market rates available to us for similar debt instruments with similar remaining maturities, or quoted market prices for the same transaction (i.e., Level 2 inputs). Interest payable is included within Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following tables summarize our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis, categorized by the fair value hierarchy described in the preceding paragraphs, as of the dates presented:
| September 30, 2025
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
(Millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | — |
| December 31, 2024
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
(Millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | — |
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Certain assets and liabilities are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including equity method investments, property and equipment, right-of-use assets, deferred contract costs, goodwill and intangible assets. These assets are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as upon impairment. We did not have any impairments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Financial Instruments Disclosed but Not Carried at Fair Value The fair values of financial instruments that are measured at amortized cost are estimates, and require management’s judgment; therefore, these fair value estimates may not be indicative of future fair values, nor can our fair value be estimated by aggregating all of the amounts presented. The following tables summarize our financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at amortized cost, and not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis, as of the dates presented:
| September 30, 2025
| Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
(Millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit card and other loans, net | $ | 17,691 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,691 |
Total | 17,691 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,691 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 13,551 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,551 |  |  | — |
Debt issued by consolidated VIEs | 2,702 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,702 |  |  | — |
Long-term and other debt | 1,179 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,179 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 17,432 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,432 |  |  | $ | — |
| December 31, 2024
| Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
(Millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit card and other loans, net | $ | 19,011 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,011 |
Total | 19,011 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,011 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 13,087 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,087 |  |  | — |
Debt issued by consolidated VIEs | 4,572 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,572 |  |  | — |
Long-term and other debt | 1,085 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,085 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 18,744 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,744 |  |  | $ | — |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (bbb)(1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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