<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-20-111858.txt : 20201005
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20201002203311
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-20-111858
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20200930
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20201005
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20201002

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001035201
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	WATER SUPPLY [4941]
		IRS NUMBER:				770448994
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-13883
		FILM NUMBER:		201222042

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1720 N FIRST ST
		STREET 2:		C/O CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE CO
		CITY:			SAN JOSE
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			95112
		BUSINESS PHONE:		4083678200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1720 FIRST ST
		STREET 2:		C/O CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE CO
		CITY:			SAN JOSE
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			95112
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Current Report Pursuant to Section&#160;13
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>The Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in
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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>N/A</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed
since last report)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K filing
is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_906_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20200930__20200930_z5bWHK4Gbkx8" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule&#160;14a-12 under
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_908_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20200930__20200930_zywD1i5dk3ya" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;14d-2(b)&#160;under
the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_90B_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20200930__20200930_z2Qie8MXAnFd" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;13e-4(c)&#160;under
the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of
the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-image: none; width: 33%; text-align: center"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Title&#160;of&#160;each&#160;class</b></span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined by Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b-2 of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Emerging growth company <span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20200930__20200930_zzLJVGN57LJ6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If an emerging
growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with
any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 5.03.&#160; Amendments to Articles of Incorporation
or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On September 30, 2020, the Board of Directors (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Board</span>&#8221;)
of California Water Service Group (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Company</span>&#8221;) adopted amendments (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Amendments</span>&#8221;) to
Sections 3.3, 9.3 and 9.16 of the Company&#8217;s Amended and Restated Bylaws (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Bylaws</span>&#8221;), effective as of
such date.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Amendments generally consist of process enhancements and
technical changes with respect to the conduct of and procedures relating to stockholder meetings, including the following:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Removing
the provision relating to stockholder removal of officers. (Article III, Section 3.3 of the Bylaws.)</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Updating
the provision relating to stockholders&#8217; right to call a special meeting of stockholders, including to define &#8220;ownership&#8221;
for purposes of Section 9.3, establish the process by which stockholders can request a special meeting and revoke such request,
set forth notice and informational requirements related to such request, and specify the business permitted to be conducted at
and the timing for conducting such special meeting. (Article IX, Section 9.3 of the Bylaws.)</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Updating
the provision relating to stockholders&#8217; rights to propose director nominees and other business to be considered at a stockholders
meeting (other than Rule 14a-8 stockholder proposals), including to set forth procedural, notice and informational requirements
related to such proposals, and move the deadline for submitting such proposals closer to the meeting date and establishing a window
period for when proposals must be received by the Company (generally between 120 and 90 days in advance of the stockholders meeting).
(Article IX, Section 9.16 of the Bylaws.)</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Making
a number of immaterial modifications to provide clarification and consistency.</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The foregoing description of the Amendments is a general description
only and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual language of the Amendments, as reflected in the Bylaws, a copy
of which is attached hereto as Exhibit&#160;3.1, and incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 11%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Item&#160;9.01.</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 89%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></span></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We hereby include the following exhibit with this report:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 10%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Exhibit&#160;No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 88%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><a href="tm2032404d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.1</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><a href="tm2032404d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amended and Restated Bylaws of California Water Service Group </span></a></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">104</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</span></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP</b></span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 6%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 44%">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Date: October 2, 2020</span></td>
    <td><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Martin A. Kropelnicki</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: </span></td>
    <td><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Martin A. Kropelnicki</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:</span></td>
    <td><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">President and Chief Executive Officer</span></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
<TEXT>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.1&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AS AMENDED EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 30, 2020</B></P>

<P STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS<BR>
OF<BR>
CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP<BR>
(a Delaware corporation)<BR>
as amended effective September 30, 2020</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
1. </FONT>OFFICES</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
1.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>REGISTERED OFFICE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The registered office shall be c/o National Registered Agents,
Inc., 9 East Loockerman Street, Dover, County of Kent, State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
1.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The corporation&rsquo;s principal place of business shall be
1720 North First Street, San Jose, California, or such other place as the board of directors shall designate from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
1.3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>OTHER OFFICES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">One or more branch or other subordinate offices may at any time
be fixed and located by the board of directors at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as it deems appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
2. </FONT>DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>EXERCISE OF CORPORATE POWERS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Except as otherwise provided by the certificate of incorporation
of the corporation or by the laws of the State of Delaware now or hereafter in force, the business and affairs of the corporation
shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the board of directors. The board may
delegate the management of the day-to-day operation of the business of the corporation as permitted by law provided that the business
and affairs of the corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised under the ultimate direction of the
board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>NUMBER.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The number of the corporation&rsquo;s directors shall be not
less than seven (7) nor more than eleven (11), the exact number of which shall be fixed by a resolution approved by the stockholders
or by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Chairman of the board of directors shall preside at
meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors and shall do and perform such other duties as may from time to
time be assigned to him by the board of directors. If the Chairman of the board of directors is not present at a meeting of
the stockholders or the board of directors, the lead director or another person chosen by the board of directors shall
preside. The Chairman of the board of directors shall be chosen from the directors, and may or may not be an officer of the
corporation. Officers, other than the Chairman of the board, may or may not be directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>DIRECTORS NEED NOT BE STOCKHOLDERS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The directors of the corporation need not be stockholders of
the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>COMPENSATION.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Directors shall receive such compensation for their services
as directors and such reimbursement for their expenses of attendance at meetings as may be determined from time to time by resolution
of the board. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity
and receiving compensation therefore.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">At each annual meeting of stockholders, directors shall be elected
to hold office until the next annual meeting, provided, that if for any reason, said annual meeting or an adjournment thereof is
not held or the directors are not elected thereat, then the directors may be elected at any special meeting of the stockholders
called and held for that purpose. The term of office of the directors shall begin immediately after their election and shall continue
until the expiration of the term for which elected and until their respective successors have been elected and qualified.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>VACANCIES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">A vacancy or vacancies in the board of directors shall exist
when any authorized position of director is not then filled by a duly elected director, whether caused by death, resignation, removal,
change in the authorized number of directors (by the board or the stockholders) or otherwise. The board of directors may declare
vacant the office of a director who has been declared of unsound mind by an order of court or convicted of a felony. Except for
a vacancy created by the removal of a director, vacancies on the board may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office,
whether or not less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. A vacancy created by the removal of a director may be filled
only by the approval of the stockholders. Any director may resign effective upon giving written notice to the Chairman of the board,
the President, the Corporate Secretary or the board of directors of the corporation, unless the notice specifies a later time for
the effectiveness of such resignation. If the resignation is effective at a future time, a successor may be elected to take office
when the resignation becomes effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>REMOVAL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>Any and all directors may be removed without cause if such removal is approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of
                                                                                                    the votes entitled to be cast by the outstanding voting shares at an election of directors, except that when by the
                                                                                                    provisions of the certificate the holders of the shares of any class or series, voting as a class or series, are entitled to
                                                                                                    elect one or more directors, any director so elected may
be removed only by the applicable vote of the holders of the shares of that class or series.</TD></TR></TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>Any reduction of the authorized number of directors does not remove any director prior to the expiration of such director&rsquo;s
term of office.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>A director shall be deemed to be removed for cause if such person ceases to be eligible to serve as a director under the terms
of Section 2.9.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
2.9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>DIRECTOR CONFLICT OF INTEREST.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>In order to protect the best interests of the stockholders of the corporation, no person shall be qualified to be elected as
a director of the corporation or be qualified to continue to serve as a director of the corporation if it is determined in accordance
with this Section 2.9 that such person is (i) an owner, part owner, stockholder, partner, member, director, officer, manager, employee
of or consultant to, or otherwise has a fiduciary duty to, any Strategic Competitor or (ii) an owner, part owner, stockholder,
partner, member, director, officer, manager, employee of or consultant to, or otherwise has a fiduciary duty to, any business organization
that beneficially owns five percent or more of the voting securities or five percent or more of the equity securities of a Strategic
Competitor.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>For purposes of this Section 2.9, a &ldquo;Strategic Competitor&rdquo; is any business organization (whether a corporation,
partnership, limited liability company, proprietorship or any other form) whose activities, products or services are competitive
with those of the corporation or its subsidiaries and which, in the opinion of a majority of the corporation&rsquo;s board of directors,
would obtain an unfair competitive advantage over the corporation if it were to receive disclosure of the substance of any nonpublic
deliberations by the corporation&rsquo;s board of directors.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>Notwithstanding the foregoing, a director or nominee for director may make a passive investment in a Strategic Competitor the
shares of which are publicly traded if such investment constitutes less than five percent of the voting securities and less than
five percent of the equity securities of such enterprise and has a market value not greater than $100,000. Such investment alone
shall not make a person ineligible to become or remain a director of the corporation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(d)</FONT></TD><TD>In furtherance of the foregoing, each person elected as a director of the corporation shall enter into a confidentiality agreement
with the corporation in the form provided by the corporation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(e)</FONT></TD><TD>Any person who, at the time he or she is a nominee for a position as a director of the corporation, fails to qualify
                                                                                                    under the provisions of this Section 2.9 or to enter into or comply with the terms of such confidentiality agreement, as
                                                                                                    determined by a majority of the directors in office immediately prior to any such election (exclusive of the nominee under
                                                                                                    consideration), shall no longer qualify as a nominee for director and shall not be elected as a director of the corporation,
                                                                                                    irrespective of any vote of the stockholders of the corporation. The Chairman of the board of directors is authorized to
                                                                                                    instruct the inspector of elections to disregard any votes or proxies voted
in favor of any person at any meeting or otherwise, and the inspector of elections shall comply with any such instruction.</TD></TR></TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(f)</FONT></TD><TD>Any director of the corporation who, at any time during his/her term of office, fails to qualify under the provisions of this
Section 2.9 or to enter into or comply with the terms of such confidentiality agreement, in each case as determined by a majority
of the directors (exclusive of the director under consideration), shall automatically be removed for cause and shall cease to be
a director of the corporation, without any vote of the stockholders of the corporation. The Chairman of the board of directors
is authorized to instruct the Corporate Secretary to certify the removal for cause of any person as a director if such person ceases
to be eligible to serve as a director under the terms of this Section 2.9, and the Corporate Secretary shall comply with any such
instruction.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(g)</FONT></TD><TD>Subsection (f) of this Section 2.9 shall not apply to directors in office on the date of the adoption of Section 2.9 with respect
to relationships and conflicts in existence on such date. Subsection (f) shall apply to existing directors with respect to relationships
and conflicts that arise after the date of the adoption of this Section 2.9.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(h)</FONT></TD><TD>This Section 2.9 is intended to prescribe certain qualifications for directors as authorized by Section 141 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
3. </FONT>OFFICERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
3.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>ELECTION AND QUALIFICATIONS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The officers of this corporation shall consist of a President,
a Corporate Secretary, a Treasurer and a Controller who shall be chosen by the board of directors and such other officers as the
board of directors shall deem expedient, who shall be chosen in such manner and hold their offices for such terms as the board
of directors may prescribe. Any two or more of such offices may be held by the same person. Officers may or may not be directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
3.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>TERM OF OFFICE AND COMPENSATION.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The term of office and salary of each of said officers and the
manner and time of the payment of such salaries shall be fixed and determined by the board of directors and may be altered by said
board of directors from time to time at its pleasure, subject to the rights, if any, of said officers under any contract of employment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
3.3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>REMOVAL AND VACANCIES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any officer of the corporation may be removed, with or without
cause, by the board of directors at any meeting or by any officer who may be granted such power by a resolution of the board of
directors without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party. Any officer
may resign at any time upon written notice to the corporation without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under
any contract to which the officer is a party. If any vacancy occurs in any office of the corporation, the board of directors may
elect a successor to fill such vacancy for the remainder of the unexpired term and until a successor is duly chosen and qualified.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #010000; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
4. PRESIDENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The President shall do and perform all such duties as may from
time to time be assigned to him by the board of directors and such other duties as pertain to the office of the President. The
President shall have the power and authority to affix the signature of the corporation to all deeds, conveyances, mortgages, leases,
obligations, bonds, contracts, certificates and other papers and instruments in writing which have been authorized or directed
by the board of directors or which, in the President&rsquo;s judgment, should be executed on behalf of the corporation, and to
sign certificates for shares of stock of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
5. </FONT>CORPORATE SECRETARY</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The powers and duties of the Corporate Secretary are:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>To keep at the principal place of business of the corporation, or such other place as the board of directors may order, a book
of minutes of all meetings of directors and stockholders with the time and place of holding, whether regular or special, and, if
special, how authorized, the notice thereof given, the names of those present at directors&rsquo; meetings, the number of shares
present or represented at stockholders&rsquo; meetings and the proceedings thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>To keep the seal of the corporation and to affix the same to all instruments which may require it.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>To keep or cause to be kept at the principal office of the corporation, or at the office of the transfer agent or agents, a
share register, or duplicate share registers, showing the names of the stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes
of shares held by each, the number and date of any certificates issued for shares, and the number and date of cancellation of any
certificate surrendered for cancellation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(d)</FONT></TD><TD>To keep a supply of certificates for shares of the corporation, to fill in all certificates issued, and to make a proper record
of each issuance of certificates or uncertificated shares; provided that so long as the corporation shall have one or more duly
appointed and acting transfer agents of the shares, or any class or series of shares of the corporation, such duties with respect
to such shares shall be performed by such transfer agent or transfer agents.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(e)</FONT></TD><TD>To transfer upon the share books of the corporation any and all shares of the corporation; provided that so long as the corporation
shall have one or more duly appointed and acting transfer agents of the shares, or any class or series of shares, of the corporation,
such duties with respect to such shares shall be performed by such transfer agent or transfer agents, and the method of transfer
of such shares shall be subject to the reasonable regulations of the transfer agent to which the shares are presented for transfer,
and also, if the corporation then has one or more duly appointed and acting registrars, to the reasonable regulations of the registrar
to which any new shares are presented for registration; and provided, further, that no certificate for shares of stock shall be
issued or delivered or, if issued or delivered, shall have any validity whatsoever until and unless it has been signed or authenticated
in the manner provided in Section 11.4 hereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(f)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">To make service and publication of all notices that may be necessary or proper, and without command or direction from anyone.
In case of the absence, disability, refusal or neglect of the Corporate Secretary to make service or publication of any notices,
then such notices may be served and/or published by the President, or by any person thereunto authorized by either of them or by
the board of directors or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the corporation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(g)</FONT></TD><TD>Generally to do and perform all such duties as may from time to time be assigned by the board of directors and such other duties
as pertain to the office of the Corporate Secretary.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
6. </FONT>TREASURER</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Treasurer shall supervise and be responsible for all the
funds and securities of the corporation, the deposit of all moneys and other valuables to the credit of the corporation in depositories
of the corporation, borrowings and compliance with the provisions of all indentures, agreements and instruments governing such
borrowings to which the corporation is a party, the disbursement of funds of the corporation and the investment of its funds, and
generally do and perform all such duties as may from time to time be assigned by the board of directors and such other duties as
pertain to the office of the Treasurer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
7. </FONT>CONTROLLER</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Controller shall have charge of the corporation&rsquo;s
books of accounts, records and auditing, and generally do and perform all such duties as may from time to time be assigned by the
board of directors and such other duties as pertain to the office of the Controller.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
8. </FONT>COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD SECTION</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
8.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>APPOINTMENT AND PROCEDURE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The board of directors may, by resolution adopted by a majority
of the authorized number of directors, designate one or more committees each consisting of two or more directors to serve at the
pleasure of the board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The board may designate one or more directors as alternate members
of any committee, who may replace any absent member at any meeting of the committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
8.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>POWERS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any committee appointed by the board of directors, to the extent
provided in the resolution of the board or in these bylaws, shall have all the authority of the board except with respect to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>the approval of any action which requires the approval or vote of the stockholders;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>the filling of vacancies on the board or on any committee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>the fixing of compensation of the directors for serving on the board or on any committee;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(d)</FONT></TD><TD>the amendment or repeal of bylaws or the adoption of new bylaws;</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(e)</FONT></TD><TD>the amendment or repeal of any resolution of the board which by its express terms is not so amendable or repealable;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(f)</FONT></TD><TD>a distribution to the stockholders of the corporation, except at a rate or in a periodic amount or within a price range determined
by the board; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(g)</FONT></TD><TD>the appointment of other committees of the board or the members thereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
8.3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In the event that the board of directors appoints an executive
committee, such executive committee shall include the Chairman of the board as one of its members. In all cases in which specific
directions to the contrary shall not have been given by the board of directors, such executive committee shall have and may exercise,
during the intervals between the meetings of the board of directors, all the powers and authority of the board of directors in
the management of the business and affairs of the corporation (except as provided in Section 8.2 hereof) in such manner as the
executive committee may deem in the best interests of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
9. </FONT>MEETINGS OF THE STOCKHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>PLACE OF MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Meetings (whether regular, special or adjourned) of the stockholders
of the corporation shall be held at the principal place of business as specified in accordance with Section 1.2 hereof, or any
place which may be designated by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>TIME OF ANNUAL MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held at such
time on such date as shall be designated from time to time by resolution of the board of directors, in accordance with applicable
law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>SPECIAL MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD><I>General</I>. Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation: (1) may be called by the Chairman of the board or
by the board of directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of directors which the corporation
would have if there were no vacancies; and (2) shall be called by the Chairman of the board of directors or the Corporate Secretary
of the corporation upon the written request or requests of one or more stockholders of record (or their duly authorized agents)
that, at the time a request is delivered, Own, or who are acting on behalf of persons who Own, shares representing 10% (the &ldquo;Requisite
Percent&rdquo;) or more (measured as of the Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date, as defined in Section 9.3(b)(3), if applicable)
of the voting power of the then outstanding Voting Stock (as defined in Section 9.8(a)) entitled to vote on the matter or matters
to be brought before the proposed special meeting, provided that a special meeting called at the request of one or more stockholders
(a &ldquo;Stockholder Requested Special Meeting&rdquo;) shall be called by the Chairman of
the board or the Corporate Secretary of the corporation only if the stockholder(s) requesting such meeting provide the information
regarding such stockholder(s) (and regarding the persons for whom such stockholders are acting, as applicable) and the proposed
special meeting and comply with such procedures set forth in Section 9.3(b) of these bylaws. If a stockholder of record is the
nominee for more than one beneficial owner of shares of Voting Stock, the stockholder of record may deliver a request pursuant
to this Section 9.3 solely with respect to the shares of Voting Stock owned by the beneficial owner who is directing the stockholder
of record to sign such request. For the purposes of this Section 9.3, a person shall be deemed to &ldquo;Own&rdquo; only those
shares of outstanding Voting Stock as to which the person possesses both (i) full voting and investment rights pertaining to the
shares and (ii) the full economic interest in (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss on) such shares; provided
that the number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii) shall not include any shares (A) sold by such person
or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, including any Short Interest (as defined in Section
9.16(a)(2)(ii)(E)), (B) borrowed by such person or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such person or any of
its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to resell, or (C) subject to any option, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale,
other derivative or similar agreement entered into by such person or any of its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement
is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of shares of outstanding Voting Stock, in any such
case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, the purpose or effect of (x) reducing in any manner, to any extent
or at any time in the future, such person&rsquo;s or affiliates&rsquo; full right to vote or direct the voting of any such shares,
and/or (y) hedging, offsetting or altering to any degree gain or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such shares by
such person or affiliate. A person shall Own shares held in the name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as the person retains
the right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of directors and possesses the full economic interest
in the shares. A person&rsquo;s ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which the person has loaned
such shares provided that the person has the power to recall such loaned shares on three (3) business days&rsquo; notice and during
any period in which the person has delegated any voting power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement
which is revocable at any time by the person. The determination of the extent to which a person &ldquo;Owns&rdquo; any shares of
Voting Stock for these purposes shall be made in good faith by the board of directors, which determination shall be conclusive
and binding.</TD></TR></TABLE>




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<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD><I>Stockholder Requested Special Meeting</I>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>In
order for a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting to be called by the Chairman of the board or the Corporate Secretary of the
corporation, one or more written requests for a special meeting (individually or collectively, a &ldquo;Special Meeting
Request&rdquo;) must be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation by one or
more stockholders of record (or their duly authorized agents), who (x) at the time the Special Meeting Request is delivered
Own, or who are acting on behalf of persons who Own (as applicable), the Requisite Percent of Voting Stock (measured as of
the Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date, as defined in Section 9.3(b)(3), if applicable); (y) shall not revoke such
Special Meeting Request; and (z) shall continue to Own not less than the Requisite Percent through the date of the
Stockholder Requested Special Meeting; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, one or more Special Meeting Requests
that have been obtained by an Initiating Stockholder pursuant to a Requisite Percent Solicitation under Section 9.3(b)(3)
only need to evidence that the stockholder of record or the beneficial owner(s) on whose behalf the Special Meeting Request
is delivered Owned the relevant Voting Stock as of the appropriate Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date. Such Special
Meeting Request must be accompanied by:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 1.45in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>in the case of any Stockholder Requested Special Meeting at which director nominations are proposed to be presented,
the information, representations, and completed and signed questionnaires required by Section 9.16(a)(3) and (4), including as
to the person(s) seeking to propose such nominations at such meeting, the information required under Section 9.16(a)(2)(ii), which
notice shall be further updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in
such notice shall be true and correct, as provided in the last sentence of Section 9.16(a)(2); and/or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 1.45in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 1.45in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>in the case of any Stockholder Requested Special Meeting at which any business other than nominations of persons
for election to the corporation&rsquo;s board of directors is proposed to be presented, the information required by Section 9.16(b)(3)
(which shall be in addition to the information required by this Section 9.3(b)(1) if director nominations also are proposed to
be considered), including as to the person(s) seeking to propose such business at such meeting, the information required under
Section 9.16(b)(3)(iv), which notice shall be further updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information provided
or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and correct, as provided in the last sentence of Section 9.16(b)(2); and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 1.45in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 1.45in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>as
to each stockholder of the corporation signing such Special Meeting Request, or if such stockholder is a nominee or
custodian, the beneficial owner(s) on whose behalf such request is signed, (a) an affidavit by each such person stating the
number of shares of Voting Stock that it Owns (as defined in Section 9.3(a)), as of the date such request was signed and an
agreement by such person to update and supplement such affidavit, if necessary, so that the information provided in such
affidavit regarding the number of shares of Voting Stock that such person Owns shall be true and correct as of the record
date for the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or
any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting in
the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date, and not later than eight (8) business days
prior to the date for the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement
required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof; provided
that in the event of any decrease in the number of shares of Voting Stock Owned by such person, such person&rsquo;s Special
Meeting Request shall be deemed to have been revoked with respect to such shares of Voting Stock comprising such reduction
and shall not be counted toward the calculation of the Requisite Percent, and (b) as to the stockholder seeking to call the
special meeting (or the person on whose behalf the stockholder is acting, as applicable) or any stockholder or beneficial
owner who has solicited other stockholders to request the special meeting, the information as to such stockholder or
beneficial owner required under Section 9.16(a)(2)(ii).</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>One or more written requests for a special meeting delivered to the Corporate Secretary shall constitute a valid
Special Meeting Request only if each such written request satisfies the requirements set forth in this Section 9.3 and has been
dated and delivered to the Corporate Secretary within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated of such requests. If the record holder
is not the signatory to the Special Meeting Request, such Special Meeting Request will not be valid unless documentary evidence
from the record holder is supplied to the Corporate Secretary at the time of delivery of such Special Meeting Request (or within
ten (10) business days thereafter) of such signatory&rsquo;s authority to execute the Special Meeting Request on behalf of the
record holder. The determination of the validity of a Special Meeting Request shall be made in good faith by the board of directors
(and which determination shall be conclusive and binding) and the date of such determination is referred to herein as the &ldquo;Request
Receipt Date.&rdquo; A Special Meeting Request shall not be valid if: (i) such Special Meeting Request relates to an item of business
that is not a matter on which stockholders are authorized to act under, or that involves a violation of, applicable law, or (ii)
such Special Meeting Request relates to an item of business that is the same or substantially similar (as determined in good faith
by the board of directors, a &ldquo;Similar Item&rdquo; (and which determination shall be conclusive and binding)) to any item
of business that was presented at a meeting of stockholders occurring within ninety (90) days preceding the earliest dated request
for a special meeting, or (iii) the Request Receipt Date occurs during the period commencing ninety (90) days prior to the first
anniversary of the date of the most recent annual meeting of stockholders and ending on the date of the next annual meeting of
stockholders. For purposes of this Section 9.3, the election of directors shall be deemed to be a &ldquo;Similar Item&rdquo; with
respect to all items of business involving the election or removal of directors, changing the size of the board of directors and
the filling of vacancies and/or newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>Notwithstanding
any other provision of these bylaws, any stockholder (an &ldquo;Initiating Stockholder&rdquo;) seeking to engage in a
solicitation (as the term &ldquo;solicitation&rdquo; is defined under Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;) (or any subsequent provisions replacing such Act or regulations)), disregarding clause (iv)
of Rule 14a-1(l)(2) and including any otherwise exempt solicitation pursuant to Rule 14a-2(b) to attain the Requisite Percent
(a &ldquo;Requisite Percent Solicitation&rdquo;) shall first deliver to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive
offices of the corporation a request that the board of directors fix a record date to determine the stockholders entitled to
deliver a Special Meeting Request in connection with such Requisite Percent Solicitation (the &ldquo;Requisite Percent
Solicitation Record Date&rdquo;). The request for a Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date shall: (i) contain a
representation that the Initiating Stockholder plans to engage in a Requisite Percent Solicitation to attain the Requisite
Percent; (ii) describe the matter or matters to be taken at the proposed special meeting; and (iii) contain, with respect to
the Initiating Stockholder and each person that is part of a group (within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act
and the rules and regulations thereunder (or any subsequent provisions replacing such Act, rules or regulations)) with the
Initiating Stockholder, the information, representations, and completed and signed questionnaires (as applicable) required
under Section 9.3(b)(1) of these bylaws, which shall be updated and supplemented in accordance with the requirements of
Section 9.3(b)(1)(iii). Following delivery of a request for a Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date, the board of
directors may, by the later of: (i) ten (10) days after delivery of such request, and (ii) five (5) days after delivery of
all information requested by the corporation to determine the validity of such request (including whether such request
relates to a matter that may be considered at a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting pursuant to this Section 9.3),
determine the validity of such request and, if appropriate, adopt a resolution fixing the Requisite Percent Solicitation
Record Date. The Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date shall be no more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the
resolution fixing the Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date is adopted by the board of directors and shall not precede
the date on which such resolution is adopted. If a valid request for a Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date has been
duly delivered to the Corporate Secretary but no Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date has been fixed by the board of
directors by the date required by the third sentence of this paragraph, the Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date shall
be at the close of business on the first date on which a valid request for the Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date is
delivered to the Corporate Secretary in accordance with this Section 9.3. To be valid, any Special Meeting Request that has
been the subject of a Requisite Percent Solicitation must be delivered to the Corporate Secretary no earlier than the
applicable Requisite Percent Solicitation Record Date and no later than sixty (60) days after the applicable Requisite
Percent Solicitation Record Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(4)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>The corporation may require any Initiating Stockholder, and any other person seeking to request a special meeting,
to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the validity of any Special Meeting
Request, and to determine whether any such request relates to a matter that may be considered at a Stockholder Requested Special
Meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD><I>Holding a Special Meeting</I>. Any special meeting of stockholders shall be held at such date and time as may be fixed by
the board of directors in accordance with these bylaws; provided, however, that a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting shall be
called for a date not later than the date that is (1) ninety (90) days after the Request Receipt Date (or, in the case of any litigation
related to the validity of the requests for a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, ninety (90) days after the resolution of such
litigation), or (2) fifty (50) days after the date the corporation files definitive soliciting materials with respect to such meeting
pursuant to Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act, whichever is latest.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(d)</FONT></TD><TD><I>Business Transacted at a Special Meeting</I>. Business transacted at a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting shall be
                                                                                                    limited to (1) the business stated in the valid Special Meeting Request(s) received from the Requisite Percent of
                                                                                                    stockholders, (2) any additional business that the board of directors determines to include in the corporation&rsquo;s notice
                                                                                                    of meeting, and (3) in the case of nominees for director nominated by a stockholder who has not delivered, and has not
                                                                                                    directed the delivery of, a Special Meeting Request with respect to the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, nominees
                                                                                                    proposed in accordance with Section 9.16(c). If none of the stockholders who
submitted the Special Meeting Request(s) (or their qualified representatives, as defined in Section 9.16(d)(1)) appears at the
Stockholder Requested Special Meeting to present the matter or matters to be brought before the special meeting that were specified
in the Special Meeting Request(s), the corporation need not present the matter or matters for a vote at the meeting, notwithstanding
that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(e)</FONT></TD><TD><I>Revocation of Special Meeting Request</I>. The stockholder seeking to call the special meeting may revoke a Special Meeting
Request by written revocation delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Corporate Secretary at any time prior to the special
meeting and any stockholder signing a Special Meeting Request may revoke such request as to the shares that such person Owns (or
that are Owned by the person on whose behalf the stockholder is acting, as applicable) and shall be deemed to revoke a Special
Meeting Request as and to the extent provided in Section 9.3(b)(1)(iii); provided that if as a result of such revocation(s), there
no longer are valid unrevoked Special Meeting Request(s) from stockholders who Own the Requisite Percent of the voting power of
the then outstanding Voting Stock entitled to vote on the matter or matters to be brought before the proposed special meeting,
there shall be no requirement to call a special meeting. Further, in the event that the stockholder requesting the Stockholder
Requested Special Meeting withdraws such Special Meeting Request, there shall be no requirement to call or hold such special meeting.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>NOTICE OF MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given
not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the day of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat.
Such notice shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting and (1) in the case of a special meeting, the general nature of
the business to be transacted, and no other business may be transacted, or (2) in the case of the annual meeting, those matters
which the board, at the time of the mailing of the notice, intends to present for action by the stockholders, but subject to provisions
of subdivision (b) any proper matter may be presented at the meeting for such action. The notice of any meeting at which directors
are to be elected shall include the names of nominees intended at the time of the notice to be presented by management for election.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>Any stockholder approval at a meeting on any matter, other than unanimous approval by those entitled to vote, on any of the
matters listed below shall be valid only if the general nature of the proposal so approved was stated in the notice of meeting
or in any written waiver of notice:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>a proposal to approve a contract or other transaction between the corporation and one or more of its directors, or
between the corporation and any corporation, firm or association in which one or more directors has a material financial interest;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>a proposal to amend the certificate of incorporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT> a proposal regarding a reorganization, merger or consolidation involving the corporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(4)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>a proposal to wind up and dissolve the corporation; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(5)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>a proposal to adopt a plan of distribution of the shares, obligations or securities of any other corporation, domestic
or foreign, or assets other than money which is not in accordance with the liquidation rights of any preferred shares as specified
in the certificate of incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>DELIVERY OF NOTICE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Notice of a stockholders&rsquo; meeting or any report shall
be given either personally or by mail or other means of written communication, addressed to the stockholder at the address of such
stockholder appearing on the books of the corporation or given by the stockholder to the corporation for the purpose of notice;
or if no such address appears or is given, at the place where the principal executive office of the corporation is located or by
publication at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the principal executive office is located.
The notice or report shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally or deposited in the mail or sent
by other means of written communication. An affidavit of mailing of any notice or report in accordance with the provisions of this
section, executed by the Corporate Secretary or any transfer agent, shall be prima facie evidence of the giving of notice or report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If any notice or report addressed to the stockholders at the
address of such stockholder appearing on the books of the corporation is returned to the corporation by United States Postal Service
marked to indicate that the United States Postal Service is unable to deliver the notice or report to the stockholder at such address,
all future notices or reports shall be deemed to have been duly given without further mailing if the same shall be available for
the stockholder upon written demand of the stockholder at the principal executive office of the corporation for a period of one
year from the date of the giving of the notice to all other stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>ADJOURNED MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">When a stockholders&rsquo; meeting is adjourned to another time
or place, unless the bylaws otherwise require and except as provided in this section, notice need not be given of the adjourned
meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting
the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more
than thirty (30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned
meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>ATTENDANCE AT STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; MEETING.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Attendance of a person at a meeting of stockholders shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person objects, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and except that attendance at a meeting is
not a waiver of any right to object to the consideration of matters required by the Delaware General Corporation Law to be
included in the notice but not so included in the notice if such objection is expressly made at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>QUORUM.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>The presence in person or by proxy at any meeting of persons entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by
the outstanding voting shares shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If a quorum is present, the affirmative
vote of a majority of votes entitled to be cast by the shares represented at the meeting and entitled to vote (the &ldquo;Voting
Stock&rdquo;) on any matter shall be the act of the stockholders, unless the vote of a different number or voting by classes is
required by law or the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws and except as provided in subdivision (b).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>The stockholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until
adjournment notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action taken (other than
(i) adjournment or (ii) an election of directors, which shall be governed by Section 9.13) is approved by an affirmative vote equal
to at least a majority of the votes required to constitute a quorum.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>In the absence of a quorum, any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned from time to time by the vote of a majority of votes
entitled to be cast by the shares represented either in person or by proxy, but no other business may be transacted, except as
provided in subdivision (b).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>ACTIONS WITHOUT MEETING.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">As provided in the certificate of incorporation, stockholders
may not take action by written consent without a stockholder meeting held in accordance with applicable law and these bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>VOTING
RIGHTS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each holder of common shares entitled to be voted shall be entitled
to one vote for each common share with respect to each matter submitted to a vote of stockholders. Any holder of shares entitled
to vote on any matter may vote part of the shares in favor of the proposal and refrain from voting the remaining shares or vote
them against the proposal, other than elections to office for which plurality voting applies, but, if the stockholder fails to
specify the number of shares such stockholder is voting affirmatively, it will be conclusively presumed that the stockholder&rsquo;s
approving vote is with respect to all shares such stockholder is entitled to vote.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.11.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>DETERMINATION
OF HOLDERS OF RECORD.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting or to vote or entitled to receive
payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any other
lawful action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than
ten (10) days prior to the date of such meeting nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>In the absence of any record date set by the board of directors pursuant to subdivision (a) above, then:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
be at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which notice is given or, if notice is waived, at the
close of business on the business day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on
which the board adopts the resolution relating thereto, or the sixtieth (60<SUP>th</SUP>) day prior to the date of such other action,
whichever is later.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply
to any adjournment of the meeting unless the board fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting, but the board shall fix a
new record date if the meeting is adjourned for more than thirty (30) days from the date set for the original meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>Stockholders on the record date are entitled to notice and to vote or to receive the dividend, distribution or allotment of
rights or to exercise the rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the corporation
after the record date, except as otherwise provided in the certificate or these bylaws or by agreement or applicable law.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.12.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>ELECTIONS
FOR DIRECTORS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>No stockholder shall be entitled to cumulate votes (i.e., cast for any one or more candidates a number of votes greater than
the number of votes to which the stockholder&rsquo;s shares are entitled pursuant to Section 9.11).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>At all meetings of stockholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, each director shall be elected
by the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast; provided, that if as of a date that is five (5) business days in advance
of the date the corporation files its definitive proxy statement (regardless of whether or not thereafter revised or supplemented)
with the Securities and Exchange Commission the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected, the directors,
not exceeding the authorized number of directors as fixed by the board of directors in accordance with the bylaws, shall be elected
by a plurality of the votes entitled to be cast by the shares represented at any such meeting and entitled to vote on the election
of directors. For purposes of this Section 9.13(b), a majority of the votes cast means that the number of shares voted &ldquo;for&rdquo;
a director must exceed the number of shares voted &ldquo;against&rdquo; that director. If, for any cause, the entire board of directors
shall not have been elected at an annual meeting, they may be elected as soon thereafter as convenient at a special meeting of
the stockholders called for that purpose in the manner provided in the bylaws.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>Elections for directors need not be by ballot unless a stockholder demands election by ballot at the meeting and before the
voting begins or unless the bylaws so require.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.13.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>PROXIES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>Every person entitled to vote shares may authorize another person or persons to act by proxy with respect to such shares. Any
proxy purporting to be executed in accordance with the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware shall
be presumptively valid.</TD></TR>                                 <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of three (3) years from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy.
Every proxy continues in full force and effect until revoked by the person executing it prior to the vote pursuant thereto, except
as otherwise provided in this section. Such revocation may be effected by a writing delivered to the corporation stating that the
proxy is revoked or by a subsequent proxy executed by, or by attendance at the meeting and voting in person by the person executing
the proxy. The dates contained on the forms of proxy presumptively determine the order of execution, regardless of the postmark
dates on the envelopes in which they are mailed.</TD></TR>                                                          <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>A proxy is not revoked by the death or incapacity of the maker unless, before the vote is counted, written notice of such death
or incapacity is received by the corporation.</TD></TR>                                                       <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.14.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>INSPECTOR
OF ELECTION.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>In advance of any meeting of stockholders the board may appoint inspectors of election to act at the meeting and any adjournment
thereof. If inspectors of election are not so appointed, or if any persons so appointed fail to appear or refuse to act, the chairman
of any meeting of stockholders may, and on the request of any stockholder or a stockholder&rsquo;s proxy shall, appoint inspectors
of election (or persons to replace those who so fail or refuse) at the meeting. The number of inspectors shall be either one (1)
or three (3). If appointed at a meeting on the request of one or more stockholders or proxies, the holders of shares entitled to
cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the shares represented in person or by proxy shall determine whether one (1)
or three (3) inspectors are to be appointed.</TD></TR>                                                      <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>The inspectors of election shall determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares represented
at the meeting, the existence of a quorum and the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies, receive votes, ballots or consents,
hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all
votes or consents, determine when the polls shall close, determine the result and do such acts as may be proper to conduct the
election or vote with fairness to all stockholders.</TD></TR>                                                             <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD>The inspectors of election shall perform their duties impartially, in good faith, to the best of their ability and as expeditiously
as is practical. If there are three (3) inspectors of election, the decision, act or certificate of a majority is effective in
all respects as the decision, act or certificate of all. Any report or certificate made by the inspectors of election is prima
facie evidence of the facts stated therein.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.15.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>INSPECTION
OF STOCKHOLDER LIST AND OTHER RECORDS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every
meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged
in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business
hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be
held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not specified, at the place where the meeting is to be
held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected
by any stockholder who is present. This stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine
the stock ledger, the list required by this section or the books of the corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting
of stockholders.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.45in"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>Any stockholder, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof,
have the right during the usual hour for business to inspect for any proper purpose the corporation&rsquo;s stock ledger, a list
of its stockholders, and its other books and records, and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A &ldquo;proper purpose&rdquo;
shall mean a purpose reasonably related to such person&rsquo;s interest as a stockholder. In every instance where an attorney or
other agent shall be the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney
or such other writing which authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath
shall be directed to the corporation at its registered office in this state or at its principal place of business.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
9.16.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>NOTICE
OF STOCKHOLDER BUSINESS AND NOMINATIONS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD><I>Notice of Director Nominations at Meetings of Stockholders</I>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>(i)
At any annual meeting or Stockholder Requested Special Meeting of the stockholders, only such nominations of persons for
election to the board of directors shall be made as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. For nominations to
be properly made at an annual meeting, nominations must be (A) specified in the corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting (or any
supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the board of directors delivered pursuant to Section 9.4 of these bylaws,
(B) otherwise made at the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Chairman of the board or the board of directors or (C)
otherwise properly requested to be brought before the annual meeting by a stockholder of record at the time of giving notice
provided for in this Section 9.16(a), who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set
forth in this Section 9.16(a) of these bylaws. Clause (C) of the immediately preceding sentence shall be the exclusive means
for a stockholder to make nominations before an annual meeting of stockholders. (ii) For nominations to be properly made at a
Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, nominations must be (a) specified in the corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting given
by or at the direction of the board of directors delivered pursuant to Section 9.4 of these bylaws, (b) otherwise made at the
special meeting by or at the direction of the Chairman of the board or the board of directors or (c) otherwise have been
properly requested to be brought before the special meeting by the stockholder in accordance with Section 9.3(b) of these
bylaws or Section 9.16(c) of these bylaws. For nominations of persons for election to the board of directors of the
corporation to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (C) of paragraph (a)(1)(i) in
this Section 9.16 of these bylaws, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Corporate
Secretary of the corporation (including the completed and signed questionnaires, and representation and agreement required by
paragraph (a)(4) in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws), and timely updates and supplements thereof as required by these
bylaws, in writing to the Corporate Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice (including the questionnaires, and
representation and agreement) shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary of the
preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of an annual meeting is more than
thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such first anniversary date of the previous year&rsquo;s annual
meeting, or if no annual meeting was held in the prior year, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not
earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the later of
the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public
announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual
meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described
above. In addition, to be considered timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice (including the questionnaires, and representation
and agreement) shall further be updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be
provided in such notice (including the questionnaires, and representation and agreement) shall be true and correct as of the
record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or
postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive
offices of the corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting in the case of the
update and supplement required to be made as of the record date, and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date
for the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of
ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>To
be in proper form, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the Corporate Secretary with respect to the nomination of directors
(whether given pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)(i) in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws with respect to an annual meeting or
paragraph (c) in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws with respect to a special meeting) shall set forth: (i) as to each person
whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, (A) all information relating to such
person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with
solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Exchange Act, including such person&rsquo;s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving
as a director if elected and (B) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary
agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three (3) years, and any other material relationships, between or
among such stockholder and beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made, if any, and their respective affiliates
or associates or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, and his or her respective
affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation all
information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act
if the stockholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made, if any, or any
affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the &ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for purposes of such
rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and (ii) as to the stockholder giving the
notice and any beneficial owner of the corporation&rsquo;s Voting Stock on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made
(A) the name and address of such stockholder, and of any such beneficial owner, as they appear on the corporation&rsquo;s
books and of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, (B) the class and number of
shares of the corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder, any such
beneficial owner and any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, (C) any option,
warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a
settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class of shares of the corporation or with a value derived in whole
or in part from the value of any class of shares of the corporation and any other derivative positions or synthetic
arrangements (including any position resulting from hedging, swap, securities lending or other similar transaction relating
to the corporation&rsquo;s capital stock), whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in the
underlying class of capital stock of the corporation or otherwise, (any of the foregoing, a &ldquo;Derivative
Position&rdquo;) held or beneficially held by the stockholder, any such beneficial owner or any of their respective
affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, including a description of the substantive terms thereof
including the amount, value and/or number so held and the extent to which any such Derivative Position is intended to have or
has the effect of increasing or decreasing the actual or apparent voting power of such stockholder, beneficial owner or any
of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith with respect to the corporation&rsquo;s
securities, (D) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship, the effect or intent of which is to
maintain, increase or decrease, the voting power of such stockholder, beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates
or associates or others acting in concert therewith with respect to any class of shares of the corporation, (E) any short
interest in any security of the corporation (for purposes of this Section 9.16 of these bylaws, a person shall be deemed to
have a short interest in a security if such person directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding,
relationship or otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from, or avoid, mitigate or offset in
whole or in part any loss related to, any decrease in the value of the subject security), (a &ldquo;Short Interest&rdquo;)
held by such stockholder, beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert
therewith, (F) any rights to dividends on the shares of the corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder, beneficial
owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith that are separated or
separable from the underlying shares of the corporation, (G) any proportionate interest in securities of the corporation or
Derivative Positions held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder, beneficial
owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith is a general partner, or
directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner, (H) any performance related fees (other than an
asset-based fee) that such stockholder, beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting
in concert therewith is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of securities of the corporation or
Derivative Positions, if any, including without limitation any such interests held by members of such person&rsquo;s
immediate family sharing the same household, and (I) any other information relating to such stockholder, beneficial owner and
their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, if any, that would be required to be
disclosed in a proxy statement and form or proxy or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of
proxies for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Regulation 14(A) of the Exchange Act.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>A stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the Corporate Secretary with respect to the nomination of directors (whether given
pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)(i) in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws with respect to an annual meeting, Section 9.3(b) of these
bylaws or paragraph (c) in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws with respect to a special meeting) must also include all completed
and signed questionnaires prepared by the corporation with respect to the background and qualification of the nominee for director
and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made or who is reasonably expected to
participate in the solicitation of proxies with respect to the election of such person (including those questionnaires required
of the corporation&rsquo;s directors and any other questionnaire the corporation determines is necessary or advisable to assess
whether the nominee for director will satisfy any qualifications or requirements imposed by the certificate of incorporation or
these bylaws, any law, rule, regulation or listing standard that may be applicable to the corporation, and the corporate governance
policies and guidelines of the corporation) (which questionnaires shall be provided by the Corporate Secretary of the corporation
promptly upon written request) and a signed written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Corporate Secretary
of the corporation promptly upon written request) that such nominee for director (A) is not and will not become a party to (1)
any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to
how such person, if elected as a director of the corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &ldquo;Voting Commitment&rdquo;)
that has not been disclosed to the corporation or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person&rsquo;s
ability to comply, if elected as a director of the corporation, with such person&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under applicable law,
(B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the
corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or
action as a director that has not been disclosed to the corporation, and (C) in such person&rsquo;s individual capacity and on
behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of
the corporation, and will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality
and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the corporation. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to
furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee
to serve as an independent director of the corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder&rsquo;s understanding
of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(4)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>For nominations of persons for election to the board of directors of the corporation pursuant to Section 9.16(a)(1)(i)(A)
or (B) of these bylaws or Section 9.16(c) of these bylaws with respect to a special meeting, the nominee must also provide completed
and signed questionnaires, and a representation and agreement with the same information, and delivered in accordance with the same
time period that applies to nominations to be brought by a stockholder of the corporation, required by this Section 9.16(a)(4)
of these bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD><I>Notice of Other Business at Meetings of Stockholders</I>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT> (i) At any annual meeting or Stockholder Requested Special Meeting of the stockholders, only such business to be
considered by the stockholders, other than nominations of persons for election to the corporation&rsquo;s board of directors which
is addressed by Section 9.16(a) of these bylaws, (&ldquo;Other Business&rdquo;) shall be made at such meeting of stockholders as
shall have been properly brought before the meeting. For proposals of Other Business to be properly brought before an annual meeting,
proposals of Other Business must be: (A) specified in the corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting given by or at the direction of
the board of directors delivered pursuant to Section 9.4 of these bylaws, (B) otherwise properly made at the annual meeting, by
or at the direction of the Chairman of the board or the board of directors or (C) otherwise properly requested to be brought before
the annual meeting by any stockholder of the corporation in accordance with this Section 9.16(b) of these bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For proposals of Other Business
to be properly brought before a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, proposals of Other Business must be: (A) specified in the
corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the board of directors delivered pursuant to Section 9.4
of these bylaws, (B) otherwise properly made at the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, by or at the direction of the Chair
of the board or the board of directors or (C) otherwise have been properly requested to be brought before the Stockholder Requested
Special Meeting by the stockholder in accordance with Section 9.3(b) of these bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For proposals of Other Business
to be properly requested by a stockholder to be made at an annual meeting of stockholders, a stockholder must (a) be entitled to
vote at the meeting, (b) comply with the notice procedures and other procedures set forth in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws
as to such proposal, and (c) be a stockholder of record at the time such stockholder&rsquo;s notice pursuant to this Section 9.16
of these bylaws is delivered to the Corporate Secretary of the corporation and at the time of the annual meeting. The immediately
preceding sentence shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to submit proposals for Other Business (other than matters properly
brought under Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and included in the corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting) to be considered at
an annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>
For a proposal of Other Business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (i)(C)
of paragraph (b)(1) of this Section 9.16 of these bylaws, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to
the Corporate Secretary of the corporation and such Other Business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action.
To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices
of the corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary
of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of an annual meeting is more
than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such first anniversary date of the previous year&rsquo;s
annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the one hundred twentieth
(120th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the
date of such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such
meeting is first made. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof
commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. In addition, to be considered
timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall further be updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information
provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of
the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and
supplement shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than
five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as
of the record date, and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or any adjournment or
postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the
meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>To
be in proper form, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice to the Corporate Secretary with respect to the Other Business (whether given
pursuant to paragraph (b)(1) in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws with respect to an annual meeting or Section 9.3(c)(2) of
these bylaws with respect to a special meeting) shall set forth (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought
before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of
such stockholder and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the proposal is made, (ii) the text of the proposal of business
(including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, in the event that such proposal or business includes a
proposal to amend the bylaws, the text of the proposed amendment), (iii) a description of all agreements, arrangements and
understandings between such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and any of their respective affiliates or associates or
others acting in concert therewith, and (iv) as to the stockholder giving the notice and any beneficial owner of the
corporation&rsquo;s Voting Stock on whose behalf the proposal is made (A) the name and address of such stockholder, and of
such beneficial owner, as they appear on the corporation&rsquo;s books and of any of their respective affiliates or
associates or others acting in concert therewith, (B) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are, directly
or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder, any such beneficial owner and any of their respective
affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, (C) any Derivative Position held or beneficially held by the
stockholder, any such beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert
therewith, including a description of the substantive terms thereof including the amount, value and/or number so held and the
extent to which any such Derivative Position is intended to or has the effect of increasing or decreasing the actual or
apparent voting power of such stockholder, beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others
acting in concert therewith with respect to the corporation&rsquo;s securities, (D) any proxy, contract, arrangement,
understanding or relationship, the effect or intent of which is to maintain, increase or decrease, the voting power of such
stockholder, beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith with
respect to any class of shares of the corporation, (E) any Short Interest held by such stockholder, beneficial owner or any
of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, (F) any rights to dividends on the shares
of the corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder, beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or
associates or others acting in concert therewith that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the
corporation, (G) any proportionate interest in securities of the corporation or Derivative Positions held, directly or
indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder, beneficial owner or any of their respective
affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith is a general partner, or directly or indirectly, beneficially
owns an interest in a general partner, (H) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such
stockholder, beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith is
entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of securities of the corporation or Derivative Positions, if any,
including without limitation any such interests held by members of such stockholder&rsquo;s immediate family sharing the same
household, and (I) any other information relating to such stockholder, beneficial owner and any of their respective
affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, if any, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy
statement and form or proxy or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as
applicable, the proposal pursuant to Regulation 14(A) of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(c)</FONT></TD><TD><I>Special Meetings of Stockholders</I>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>At any special meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted or considered as shall have been
properly brought before the meeting pursuant to the corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting pursuant to Section 9.4 of these bylaws.
Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors
are to be elected, as reflected in the corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting pursuant to Section 9.4 of these bylaws, (i) by or
at the direction of the board of directors or (ii) in the case of a special meeting other than a Stockholder Requested Special
Meeting, or in the case of a special meeting that is a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting and the person wishing to make such
nominations did not deliver, and did not otherwise direct the delivery of, a Special Meeting Request with request to such meeting,
by any stockholder of the corporation who (A) is entitled to vote at the meeting, (B) complies with the notice and other procedures
set forth in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws as to such nomination and (C) is a stockholder of record at the time such stockholder&rsquo;s
notice is delivered pursuant to this Section 9.16 of these bylaws to the Corporate Secretary of the corporation and at the time
of the special meeting, or (iii) in the case of a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, by any stockholder of the corporation
pursuant to Section 9.3(b).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>In
the event the corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the
board of directors, any stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors (other than a stockholder who has
delivered, or who is acting on behalf of a person who directed the delivery of, a written request with respect to such
special meeting, in the case of a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting (an &ldquo;Excluded Stockholder&rdquo;)) may nominate
a person or persons, as the case may be, for election to the board of directors of the corporation as specified in the
corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting, by delivering the stockholder&rsquo;s notice in the form required by paragraphs (a)(3)
and (a)(4) in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws (including the completed and signed questionnaires, and representation and
agreement required by paragraph (a)(4) in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws), and timely updates and supplements thereof as
required by this Section 9.16 of these bylaws, to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
corporation not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the later
of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public
announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the board of directors to be
elected at such meeting. In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of a special meeting or the announcement thereof
commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. In addition, to be considered
timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice (including the questionnaires, and representation and agreement) shall further be
updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice (including
the questionnaires, and representation and agreement) shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as
of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update
and supplement shall be delivered to the Corporate Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later
than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting in the case of the update and supplement required to be
made as of the record date, and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or any adjournment
or postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to
the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Notwithstanding any other provision of these bylaws, in the case of a
Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, no Excluded Stockholder may nominate a person for election to the board of directors
at the meeting, except pursuant to the written request(s) delivered for such special meeting pursuant to Section 9.3(a).
Notwithstanding any other provision of these bylaws, in the case of a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, no stockholder
may propose any other business to be considered at the meeting, except pursuant to the written request(s) delivered for such
special meeting pursuant to Section 9.3(a).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(d)</FONT></TD><TD><I>General</I>.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>Except
as otherwise required by law, only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in the
certificate of incorporation, or this Section 9.16 of these bylaws and Section 9.3 (as applicable), shall be eligible to
serve as director and only such Other Business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought
before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9.16 and Section 9.3 (as applicable). Except
as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the chair of the meeting shall have the power
and duty to determine whether a nomination or any Other Business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws and, if any proposed nomination or Other
Business is not in compliance with this Section 9.16 of these bylaws, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination
shall be disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.16, unless otherwise required by law, if the
stockholder does not provide the information required under Section 9.3(b) and/or this Section 9.16 to the corporation within
the time frames specified herein, or if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at
the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present a nomination or Other Business, such nomination
shall be disregarded and such Other Business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote
may have been received by the corporation. For purposes of Section 9.3(b) and this Section 9.16, to be considered a qualified
representative of a stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or
authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder (or a reliable reproduction or electronic transmission of the writing)
delivered to the corporation prior to the making of such nomination or proposal at such meeting by such stockholder stating
that such person is authorized to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>For purposes of this Section 9.16 of these bylaws, &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall mean disclosure in a press
release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly
filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT></FONT>Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 9.16 of these bylaws, a stockholder shall also comply with
all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth
in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws. Nothing in this Section 9.16 of these bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of (A)
stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange
Act or (B) holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances. Subject to Rule 14a-8 under
the Exchange Act, nothing in these bylaws shall be construed to permit any stockholder, or give any stockholder the right, to include
or have disseminated or described in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement any nomination of director or directors or any Other
Business proposal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
10. </FONT>MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>PLACE
OF MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Unless otherwise specified in the notice thereof, meetings (whether
regular, special or adjourned) of the board of directors of this corporation shall be held at the principal place of business,
as specified in accordance with Section 1.2 hereof, which is hereby designated as an office for such purpose in accordance with
the laws of the State of Delaware, or at any other place which has been designated from time to time by the board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>REGULAR
MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Regular meetings of the board of directors, of which no notice
need be given except as required by the laws of the State of Delaware, shall be held after the adjournment of each annual meeting
of the stockholders (which meeting shall be designated the Regular Annual Meeting) and at such other times as may be designated
from time to time by resolution of the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>SPECIAL
MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Special meetings of the board of directors may be called at
any time by the Chairman of the board or the President or the Corporate Secretary or by any two or more of the directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>NOTICE
OF MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Except in the case of regular meetings, notice of which
has been dispensed with, the meetings of the board of directors shall be held upon four (4) days&rsquo; notice by mail or
forty-eight (48) hours&rsquo; notice delivered personally or by telephone or electronic transmission. If the address of a
director is not shown on the records and is not readily ascertainable, notice shall be addressed to him at the city or place
in which the meetings of the directors are regularly held. Except as set forth in Section 9.6, notice of the time and place
of holding an adjourned meeting need not be given to absent directors if the time and place be fixed at the meeting
adjourned.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>QUORUM.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">A majority of the authorized number of directors constitute
a quorum of the board for the transaction of business. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the directors present
at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the board of directors except as otherwise
provided by law. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal
of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>ADJOURNED
MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum
is present, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place. If the meeting is adjourned for more than twenty-four (24) hours,
notice of any adjournment to another time or place shall be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting to the directors who
were not present at the time of the adjournment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>WAIVER
OF NOTICE AND CONSENT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(a)</FONT></TD><TD>Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director who submits a waiver of notice, whether before or after the meeting,
or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to such director.</TD></TR>                                                                                                                                   <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.15in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">(b)</FONT></TD><TD>The transactions of any meeting of the board, however called and noticed or wherever held, are as valid as though had at a
meeting duly held after regular call and notice if a quorum is present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the
directors not present submits a waiver of notice, a consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof. All such
waivers, consents and approvals shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>ACTION
WITHOUT A MEETING.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any action required or permitted to be taken by the board may
be taken without a meeting, if all members of the board shall individually or collectively consent in writing or by electronic
transmission to such action. Such writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions shall be filed with the minutes
of the proceedings of the board. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in
electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form. Such action by consent in writing or by electronic transmission
shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of such directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>CONFERENCE
TELEPHONE MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Members of the board may participate in a meeting through use
of conference telephone or similar communications equipment, so long as all members participating in such meeting can hear one
another.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Participation in a meeting pursuant to this section constitutes
presence in person at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
10.10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>MEETINGS OF COMMITTEES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The provisions of this section apply also to committees of the
board and action by such committees and incorporators.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
11. </FONT>SUNDRY PROVISIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
11.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>INSTRUMENTS
IN WRITING.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All checks, drafts, demands for money and notes of the corporation,
and all written contracts of the corporation, shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents, as the board of directors
may from time to time by resolution designate. No officer, agent, or employee of the corporation shall have power to</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">bind the corporation
by contract or otherwise unless authorized to do so by these bylaws or by the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
11.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>FISCAL
YEAR.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The fiscal year of this corporation shall be the calendar year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
11.3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>SHARES
HELD BY THE CORPORATION.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Shares in other corporations standing in the name of this corporation
may be voted or represented and all rights incident thereto may be exercised on behalf of this corporation by the President or
by any other officer of this corporation authorized so to do by resolution of the board of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
11.4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>CERTIFICATES
OF STOCK.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The shares of the capital stock of the corporation shall be
represented by certificates, provided that the board of directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of
any or all classes or series of shares shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented
by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. There shall be issued to each holder of fully paid shares
of the capital stock of the corporation represented by a certificate or certificates for such shares. Any holder of shares in the
corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed in the name of the corporation by the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the
board or the President and by the Treasurer or the Corporate Secretary, certifying the number of shares and the class or series
of shares owned by the stockholder. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer
agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such
officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect
as if such person were an officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
11.5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>LOST
CERTIFICATES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The board of directors may by resolution provide that in
the event any certificate or certificates for shares of the capital stock of the corporation shall be alleged to have been
lost or destroyed, no new certificate or certificates, or uncertificated shares, shall be issued in lieu thereof until an
indemnity bond in such form and in such amount as shall be approved by the President of the corporation shall have been
furnished. The board of directors may adopt such other provisions and restrictions with reference to lost certificates as it
shall in its discretion deem appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
11.6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>CERTIFICATION
AND INSPECTION OF BYLAWS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The corporation shall keep at its principal place of business
the original or a copy of these bylaws as amended to date, which shall be open to inspection by the stockholders at all reasonable
times during office hours.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
11.7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>NOTICES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any reference in these bylaws to the time a notice is given
or sent means, unless otherwise expressly provided, the time a written notice by mail is deposited in the United States mail, postage
prepaid; or the time any other written notice is personally delivered to the recipient or is delivered to a common carrier for
transmission, or actually transmitted by the person giving the notice by electronic means, to the recipient; or the time any oral
notice is communicated, in person or by telephone or wirelessly, to the recipient or to a person at the office of the recipient
who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the recipient.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
11.8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>REPORTS
TO STOCKHOLDERS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The board of directors shall cause an annual report to be sent
to the stockholders not later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the close of the fiscal year or within such shorter time
period as may be required by applicable law, and such annual report shall contain such information and be accompanied by such other
documents as may be required by applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
12. </FONT>FORUM FOR ADJUDICATION OF DISPUTES</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
12.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>FORUM.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">Unless the corporation consents in writing
to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder
(including any beneficial owner) to bring: (a)&nbsp;any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (b)&nbsp;any
action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or employee of the corporation to the corporation
or the corporation&rsquo;s stockholders, (c)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware
General Corporation Law or the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation, (d)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim
governed by the internal affairs doctrine, or (e) any other action asserting an internal corporate claim, as defined in Section
115 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, shall be a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court
located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware); in all cases subject
to the court&rsquo;s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
12.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>ENFORCEABILITY.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">In furtherance and not in limitation of Section
13.3, i<FONT STYLE="color: windowtext">f</FONT> any provision of this Article&nbsp;12 shall be held to be <FONT STYLE="color: windowtext">invalid,
illegal or unenforceable</FONT> as applied to any person or entity or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest
extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provision in any other circumstance and of the remaining
provisions of this Article&nbsp;12 (including, without limitation, each portion of any sentence of this Article&nbsp;12 containing
any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable)
and the application of such provision to other persons or entities or circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired
thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
13. </FONT>CONSTRUCTION OF BYLAWS WITH REFERENCE TO PROVISIONS OF LAW</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
13.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>DEFINITIONS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Unless defined otherwise in these bylaws or unless the context
otherwise requires, terms used herein shall have the same meaning, if any, ascribed thereto in the Delaware General Corporation
Law, as amended from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
13.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>BYLAW
PROVISIONS ADDITIONAL AND SUPPLEMENTAL TO PROVISIONS OF LAW.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">All restrictions, limitations, requirements and other provisions
of these bylaws shall be construed, insofar as possible, as supplemental and additional to all provisions of law applicable to
the subject matter thereof and shall be fully complied with in addition to the said provisions of law unless such compliance shall
be illegal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
13.3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>BYLAW
PROVISIONS CONTRARY TO OR INCONSISTENT WITH PROVISIONS OF LAW.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Any section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause or phrase
of these bylaws which upon being construed in the manner provided in Section 13.2 hereof, shall be contrary to or inconsistent
with any applicable provision of law, shall not apply so long as said provisions of law shall remain in effect, but such result
shall not affect the validity or applicability of any other portions of these bylaws, it being hereby declared that these bylaws,
and each section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause or phrase thereof, would have been adopted irrespective of the fact
that any one or more sections, subsections, subdivisions, sentences, clauses or phrases is or are illegal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">Article
14. </FONT>ADOPTION, AMENDMENT OR REPEAL OF BYLAWS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000">Section
14.1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>BY
STOCKHOLDERS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the outstanding voting shares of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: #010000; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Section
14.2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></FONT>BY
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Subject to the right of stockholders to adopt, amend or repeal
bylaws, any bylaw may be adopted, amended or repealed by the board of directors. A bylaw adopted by the stockholders may restrict
or eliminate the power of the board of directors to adopt, amend or repeal any or all bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>




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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>cwt-20200930_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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      <link:presentationArc order="570" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_deiCoverAbstract" xlink:to="loc_deiDocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:type="arc" />
    </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>tm2032404-1_8k_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020-01-31"
  xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001035201</identifier>
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        <period>
            <startDate>2020-09-30</startDate>
            <endDate>2020-09-30</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <unit id="USD">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
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    <unit id="Shares">
        <measure>shares</measure>
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    <unit id="USDPShares">
        <divide>
            <unitNumerator>
                <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
            </unitNumerator>
            <unitDenominator>
                <measure>shares</measure>
            </unitDenominator>
        </divide>
    </unit>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">0001035201</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:AmendmentFlag contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">false</dei:AmendmentFlag>
    <dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">--12-31</dei:CurrentFiscalYearEndDate>
    <dei:DocumentType contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">8-K</dei:DocumentType>
    <dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">2020-09-30</dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">DE</dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode>
    <dei:EntityFileNumber contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">1-13883</dei:EntityFileNumber>
    <dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">77-0448994</dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber>
    <dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1 contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">1720 North First Street</dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1>
    <dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">San Jose</dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown>
    <dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">CA</dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince>
    <dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">95112</dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode>
    <dei:CityAreaCode contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">408</dei:CityAreaCode>
    <dei:LocalPhoneNumber contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">367-8200</dei:LocalPhoneNumber>
    <dei:WrittenCommunications contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">false</dei:WrittenCommunications>
    <dei:SolicitingMaterial contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">false</dei:SolicitingMaterial>
    <dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">false</dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer>
    <dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">false</dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer>
    <dei:Security12bTitle contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">Common Shares, par value $0.01</dei:Security12bTitle>
    <dei:TradingSymbol contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">CWT</dei:TradingSymbol>
    <dei:SecurityExchangeName contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">NYSE</dei:SecurityExchangeName>
    <dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany contextRef="From2020-09-30to2020-09-30">false</dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany>
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</XML>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139806923300328">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 30, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep. 30,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-13883<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">CALIFORNIA WATER SERVICE GROUP<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001035201<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">77-0448994<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1720 North First Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">San Jose<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">95112<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">408<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">367-8200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Shares, par value $0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">CWT<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
