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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Operating revenue The following table disaggregates the Company’s operating revenue by source for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:
| Three Months Ended March 31
| 2021 |  | 2020
Revenue from contracts with customers | $ | 146,528 |  |  | $ | 134,833 |
Regulatory balancing account revenue (a) | 1,209 |  |  | (9,270) |
Total operating revenue | $ | 147,737 |  |  | $ | 125,563 |
(a) As further discussed below, no amounts were recorded for the Company’s Water Revenue Adjustment Mechanism (WRAM), Modified Cost Balancing Account (MCBA), Pension Cost Balancing Account (PCBA), and Health Cost Balancing Account (HCBA) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 due to the delay in the resolution of the 2018 General Rate Case (GRC). Revenue from contracts with customers The Company principally generates operating revenue from contracts with customers by providing regulated water and wastewater services at tariff-rates authorized by the Commissions in the states in which they operate and non-regulated water and wastewater services at rates authorized by contracts with government agencies. Revenue from contracts with customers reflects amounts billed for the volume of consumption at authorized per unit rates, for a service charge, and for other authorized charges. The Company satisfies its performance obligation to provide water and wastewater services over time as services are rendered. The Company applies the invoice practical expedient and recognizes revenue from contracts with customers in the amount for which the Company has a right to invoice. The Company has a right to invoice for the volume of consumption, for the service charge, and for other authorized charges. The measurement of sales to customers is generally based on the reading of their meters, which occurs on a systematic basis throughout the month. At the end of each month, the Company estimates consumption since the date of the last meter reading and a corresponding unbilled revenue is recognized. The estimate is based upon the number of unbilled days that month and the average daily customer billing rate from the previous month (which fluctuates based upon customer usage). Contract terms are generally short-term and at will by customers and, as a result, no separate financing component is recognized for the Company's collections from customers, which generally require payment within 30 days of billing. The Company applies judgment, based principally on historical payment experience, in estimating its customers’ ability to pay. Certain customers are not billed for volumetric consumption, but are instead billed a flat rate at the beginning of each monthly service period. The amount billed is initially deferred and subsequently recognized over the monthly service period, as the performance obligation is satisfied. The deferred revenue balance or contract liability, which is included in "accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, is inconsequential. In the following table, revenue from contracts with customers is disaggregated by class of customers for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:
| Three Months Ended March 31
| 2021 |  | 2020
Residential | $ | 101,371 |  |  | $ | 92,544 |
Business | 27,721 |  |  | 27,693 |
Industrial | 6,043 |  |  | 7,878 |
Public authorities | 6,403 |  |  | 5,897 |
Other (a) | 4,990 |  |  | 821 |
Total revenue from contracts with customers | $ | 146,528 |  |  | $ | 134,833 |
(a) Other includes accrued unbilled revenue. Regulatory balancing account revenue The Company’s ability to recover revenue requirements authorized by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) in its triennial GRC is decoupled from the volume of the sales. Regulatory balancing account revenue is revenue related to rate mechanisms authorized in California by the CPUC, which allow the Company to recover the authorized revenue and are not considered contracts with customers. These mechanisms include the following: The WRAM allows the Company to recognize the adopted level of volumetric revenues. The variance between adopted volumetric revenues and actual billed volumetric revenues for metered accounts is recorded as regulatory balancing account revenue. Cost-recovery rates, such as the MCBA, Conservation Expense Balancing Account (CEBA), PCBA, and HCBA, generally provide for recovery of the adopted levels of expenses for purchased water, purchased power, pump taxes, water conservation program costs, pension, and health care. Variances between adopted and actual costs are recorded as regulatory balancing account revenue. For 2021, the WRAM, MCBA, PCBA, and HCBA have all been authorized by the CPUC with the approval of the 2018 GRC in the fourth quarter of 2020. For 2020, the WRAM, MCBA, PCBA, and HCBA were being litigated in the 2018 GRC. As a result, the Company determined that the regulatory asset and liability recognition criteria under accounting standards for regulated entities was not met and the Company did not record regulatory assets or liabilities with respect to these mechanisms for the first quarter of 2020. As the CEBA was not being litigated in the then-pending 2018 GRC, the Company recorded a regulatory liability for the CEBA for the first three months of 2020. The Company determined that the CEBA met the regulatory liability recognition criteria under accounting standards for regulated utilities. Due to the delay in the resolution of the 2018 GRC, the CPUC authorized Cal Water to track the effect of the delay on customer billings in an interim rates memorandum account (IRMA) effective January 1, 2020. Variances between actual customer billings and those that would have been billed assuming the GRC had been effective January 1, 2020 are recorded as regulatory balancing account revenue. Rates for the 2018 GRC were implemented on February 1, 2021; as a result, Cal Water recorded an IRMA regulatory asset for January of 2021. For the first quarter of 2020, the Company did not record a regulatory asset for the IRMA because the regulatory asset recognition criteria under accounting standards for regulated entities was not met as the 2018 GRC was still pending resolution as of the end of the quarter. Each district's WRAM and MCBA regulatory assets and liabilities are allowed to be netted against one another. The Company recognizes regulatory balancing account revenues that have been authorized for rate recovery, are objectively determinable and probable of recovery, and are expected to be collected within 24 months. To the extent that regulatory balancing account revenue is estimated to be collectible beyond 24 months, recognition is deferred. Non-regulated Revenue The following table disaggregates the Company’s non-regulated revenue by source for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:
| Three Months Ended March 31
| 2021 |  | 2020
Operating and maintenance revenue | $ | 4,087 |  |  | $ | 2,499 |
Other non-regulated revenue | 860 |  |  | 765 |
Non-regulated revenue from contracts with customers | $ | 4,947 |  |  | $ | 3,264 |
Lease revenue | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 563 |
Total non-regulated revenue | $ | 5,572 |  |  | $ | 3,827 |
Operating and maintenance services are provided for non-regulated water and wastewater systems owned by private companies and municipalities. The Company negotiates formal agreements with the customers, under which they provide operating, maintenance and customer billing services related to the customers’ water system. The formal agreements outline the fee schedule for the services provided. The agreements typically call for a fee-per-service or a flat-rate amount per month. The Company satisfies its performance obligation of providing operating and maintenance services over time as services are rendered; as a result, the Company employs the invoice practical expedient and recognizes revenue in the amount that it has the right to invoice. Contract terms are generally short-term and, as a result, no separate financing component is recognized for its collections from customers, which generally require payment within 30 days of billing. Other non-regulated revenue primarily relates to services for the design and installation of water mains and other water infrastructure for customers outside the regulated service areas and insurance program administration. Lease revenue is not considered revenue from contracts with customers and is recognized following operating lease standards. The Company is the lessor in operating lease agreements with telecommunications companies under which cellular phone antennas are placed on the Company's property. Allowance for credit losses The Company measures expected credit losses for Customer Receivables, Other Receivables, and Unbilled Revenue on an aggregated level. These receivables are generally trade receivables due in one year or less or expected to be billed and collected in one year or less. The expected credit losses for Other Receivables and Unbilled Revenue are inconsequential. Customer receivables include receivables for water and wastewater services provided to residential customers, business, industrial, public authorities, and other customers. The expected credit losses for business, industrial, public authorities, and other customers are inconsequential. The overall risks related to the Company’s receivables are low as water and wastewater services are seen as essential services. The estimate for the allowance for credit losses is based on a historical loss ratio, in conjunction with a qualitative assessment of elements that impact the collectability of receivables to determine if the allowance for credit losses should be further adjusted in accordance with the accounting guidance for credit losses. Management contemplates available current information such as changes in economic factors, regulatory matters, industry trends, payment options and programs available to customers, and the methods that the Company is able to utilize to ensure payment. The Company reviewed its allowance for credit losses utilizing a quantitative assessment, which included trend analysis of customer billing and collection, aging by customer class, and unemployment rates since the outbreak of COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2020. The Company also utilized a qualitative assessment, which considered the future collectability on customer outstanding balances, management's estimate of the cash recovery, and a general assessment of the economic conditions of the locations the Company serves due to the outbreak of COVID-19. The Company is complying with the CPUC requirements to suspend customer disconnections for non-payment and ceased agency collection activities, and anticipates this situation will continue until further notice. Based on the above assessments, the Company expects an increase in customer receivable write-offs as compared to historical experiences and adjusted its allowance for credit losses, accordingly. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the period ended March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
Allowance for credit losses | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Beginning balance | 5,246 |  |  | 771 |
Provision for credit loss expense | 893 |  |  | 5,716 |
Write-offs | (579) |  |  | (1,730) |
Recoveries | 98 |  |  | 489 |
Total ending allowance balance | $ | 5,658 |  |  | $ | 5,246 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents | 84,387 |  |  | 44,555 |
Restricted cash (included in "taxes, prepaid expenses and other assets") | 765 |  |  | 574 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows | $ | 85,152 |  |  | $ | 45,129 |
Adoption of New Accounting Standards In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for performing intraperiod tax allocations, recognizing deferred taxes for investments, and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The guidance also simplifies the accounting for franchise taxes, transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill, and the effect of enacted changes in tax laws or rates in interim periods. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 in the first quarter of 2021 and the adoption did not have a material impact to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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