30. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal (or most advantageous) market at the measurement date under current market conditions (an exit price) regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique.

The fair value hierarchy establishes three levels to classify the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (interest rate, yield curves), or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated observable market data or other means. Level 3 inputs are unobservable (supported by little or no market activity). The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

The following sets up the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of Level 2 and Level 3 financial instruments.

Financial asset or liability	Methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value
Trade receivables	Trade receivables arising from the sales of metal concentrates are subject to provisional pricing, and the final selling price is adjusted at the end of a quotational period. We mark these to market at each reporting date based on the forward price corresponding to the expected settlement date.
Interest rate swaps, and metal contracts	Fair value is calculated as the present value of the estimated contractual cash flows. Estimates of future cash flows are based on quoted swap rates, futures prices and interbank borrowing rates. These are discounted using a yield curve, and adjusted for credit risk of the Company or the counterparty.
Marketable securities – warrants	The Company determines the value of the warrants using a Black-Scholes valuation model which uses a combination of quoted prices and market-derived inputs, such as volatility and interest rate estimates. Fair value changes on the warrants are charged to profit and loss.

During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no transfers of amounts between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following tables show the carrying amounts and fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities, including their levels in the fair value hierarchy. Fair value information for financial assets and financial liabilities not measured at fair value is not presented if the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.



	Carrying value								Fair value
December 31, 2019	Fair Value (hedging)		Fair value through profit or loss		Amortized cost		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Carrying value approximates Fair Value
Financial assets measured at Fair Value
Trade receivables concentrate sales	$	-	$	33,642	$	-	$	33,642	$	-	$	33,642	$	-	$	-
	$	-	$	33,642	$	-	$	33,642	$	-	$	33,642	$	-	$	-

Financial assets not measured at Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	-	$	-	$	83,404	$	83,404	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	83,404
Other receivables		-		-		2,419		2,419		-		-		-		2,419
	$	-	$	-	$	85,823	$	85,823	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	85,823

Financial liabilities measured at Fair Value
Interest rate swap liability	$	(894)	$	-	$	-	$	(894)	$	-	$	(894)	$	-	$	-
	$	(894)	$	-	$	-	$	(894)	$	-	$	(894)	$	-	$	-

Financial liabilities not measured at Fair Value
Trade payables	$	-	$	-	$	(37,357)	$	(37,357)	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(37,357)
Payroll payable		-		-		(15,801)		(15,801)		-		-		-		(15,801)
Share units payable		-		-		(5,075)		(5,075)		-		(5,075)		-		-
Bank loan payable		-		-		(109,430)		(109,430)		-		(110,000)		-		-
Debentures		-		-		(37,105)		(37,105)		-		(38,858)		-		-
Other payables		-		-		(22,403)		(22,403)		-		-		-		(22,403)
	$	-	$	-	$	(227,171)	$	(227,171)	$	-	$	(153,933)	$	-	$	(75,561)


	Carrying value								Fair value
December 31, 2018	Fair Value (hedging)		Fair value through profit or loss		Amortized cost		Total			Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Carrying value approximates Fair Value
Financial assets measured at Fair Value
Trade receivables concentrate sales	$	-	$	28,132	$	-	$	28,132		$	-	$	28,132	$	-	$	-
Metal forward sales contracts		-		2,646		-		2,646			-		2,646		-		-
	$	-	$	30,778	$	-	$	30,778		$	-	$	30,778	$	-	$	-

Financial assets not measured at Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	-	$	-	$	90,503	$	90,503		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	90,503
Short term investments		-		-		72,824		72,824			-		-		-		72,824
Other receivables		-		-		3,179		3,179			-		-		-		3,179
	$	-	$	-	$	166,506	$	166,506		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	166,506

Financial liabilities measured at Fair Value
Interest rate swap liability	$	224	$	-	$	-	$	224		$		$	224	$	-	$	-
	$	224	$	-	$	-	$	224		$	-	$	224	$	-	$	-

Financial liabilities not measured at Fair Value
Trade payables	$	-	$	-	$	(24,219)	$	(24,219)		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(24,219)
Payroll payable		-		-		(14,976)		(14,976)			-		-		-		(14,976)
Share units payable		-		-		(5,173)		(5,173)			-		(5,173)		-		-
Bank loan payable		-		-		(69,302)		(69,302)			-		(70,000)		-		-
Other payables		-		-		(4,030)		(4,030)			-		-		-		(4,030)
	$	-	$	-	$	(117,700)	$	(117,700)		$	-	$	(75,173)	$	-	$	(43,225)