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INCOME TAXES | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
INCOME TAXES |
4. | INCOME TAXES
Our provision for income taxes is calculated using an estimated annual effective tax rate (“AETR”), based upon expected annual income less losses in certain jurisdictions, non-deductible expenses under federal and local tax laws, statutory rates, and planned tax strategies in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Certain items that do not relate directly to ordinary income are excluded from the AETR and included in the period in which they occur. Our effective tax rate was 43.6% and 43.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 differed from the blended statutory tax rate for the same period due to a lower pre-tax book income forecast for the current year, which is largely driven by our modernization efforts and related costs expected to be incurred, higher expected foreign losses, for which a valuation allowance will be recorded, and income tax adjustments for discrete items, primarily related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 differed from the blended statutory tax rate for the same period due to income tax adjustments for discrete items, including $11 million primarily related to a $20 million increase to remove the permanent reinvestment assertion for certain non-U.S. entities offset by a $9 million decrease for the expiration of statutes of limitation on certain unrecognized tax benefits. Our income tax returns are subject to examination by relevant tax authorities. Certain returns are being audited in various jurisdictions for tax years 2007 through 2020. The amount of the unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease within the next twelve months as a result of audits or audit settlements.

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