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Nature of Operations | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Nature of Operations |
Nature of Operations | 1. Nature of Operations ​ Description of Business ​ Plug Power is facilitating the paradigm shift to an increasingly electrified world by innovating cutting-edge hydrogen and fuel cell solutions. In our core business, we provide and continue to develop commercially-viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions to replace lead-acid batteries in electric material handling vehicles and industrial trucks for some of the world’s largest retail-distribution and manufacturing businesses. We are focusing our efforts on industrial mobility applications, including electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles, at multi-shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where we believe our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility, and environmental benefits. Additionally, we manufacture and sell fuel cell products to replace batteries and diesel generators in stationary backup power applications. These products have proven valuable with telecommunications, transportation, and utility customers as robust, reliable, and sustainable power solutions. ​ Our current products and services include: GenDrive: GenDrive is our hydrogen fueled PEM fuel cell system providing power to material handling electric vehicles, including class 1, 2, 3 and 6 electric forklifts, Automated Guided Vehicles (“AGVs”) and ground support equipment; GenFuel: GenFuel is our liquid hydrogen fueling delivery, generation, storage, and dispensing system; GenCare: GenCare is our ongoing ‘internet of things’-based maintenance and on-site service program for GenDrive fuel cell systems, GenSure fuel cell systems, GenFuel hydrogen storage and dispensing products and ProGen fuel cell engines; GenSure: GenSure is our stationary fuel cell solution providing scalable, modular Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell power to support the backup and grid-support power requirements of the telecommunications, transportation, and utility sectors; GenSure High Power Fuel Cell Platform will support large scale stationary power and data center markets. GenKey: GenKey is our vertically integrated “turn-key” solution combining either GenDrive or GenSure fuel cell power with GenFuel fuel and GenCare aftermarket service, offering complete simplicity to customers transitioning to fuel cell power; ProGen: ProGen is our fuel cell stack and engine technology currently used globally in mobility and stationary fuel cell systems, and as engines in electric delivery vans. This includes the Plug Power MEA (membrane electrode assembly), a critical component of the fuel cell stack used in zero-emission fuel cell electric vehicle engines; and GenFuel Electrolyzers: GenFuel electrolyzers are modular, scalable hydrogen generators optimized for clean hydrogen production. Electrolyzers generate hydrogen from water using electricity and a special membrane and “green” hydrogen is generated by using renewable energy inputs, such as solar or wind power. We provide our products worldwide through our direct product sales force, and by leveraging relationships with original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and their dealer networks. Plug Power is targeting Asia and Europe for expansion in adoption. Europe has rolled out ambitious targets for the hydrogen economy and Plug Power is executing on its strategy to become one of the European leaders. This includes a targeted account strategy for material handling as well as securing strategic partnerships with European original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, energy companies, utility leaders and accelerating our electrolyzer business. We manufacture our commercially viable products in Latham, New York, Rochester, New York and Spokane, Washington and support liquid hydrogen generation and logistics in Charleston, Tennessee. ​ Liquidity ​ During 2020, the Company issued and sold 79.0 million shares in two separate, registered equity offerings, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $1.3 billion. See Note 16, “Stockholders’ Equity, as restated.” In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers. See Note 15, “Convertible Senior Notes,” as amended. ​ As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $1.3 billion of cash and cash equivalents and $321.9 million of restricted cash. In January and February 2021, the Company issued and sold in another registered equity offering an aggregate of 32.2 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $65.00 per share for net proceeds of approximately $1.8 billion. Furthermore in February 2021, the Company completed the previously announced sale of its common stock in connection with a strategic partnership with SK Holdings Co., Ltd. (“SK Holdings”) to accelerate the use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source in Asian markets. The Company sold 54,996,188 shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of SK Holdings at a purchase price of $29.2893 per share, or an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.6 billion. See Note 23, “Subsequent Events,” for more details. ​ The Company has continued to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses. The Company incurred net losses attributable to common stockholders of $596.2 million, $85.6 million and $85.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The Company’s cash used in operations totaled $155.5 million, $53.3 million, and $58.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, and has an accumulated deficit of $1.9 billion at December 31, 2020. ​ The Company’s significant obligations consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020: ​
| (i) | Operating and finance leases totaling $113.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively, of which $14.3 million and $903 thousand, respectively, are due within the next 12 months. These leases are primarily related to sale/leaseback agreements entered into with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers.
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| (ii) | Finance obligations totaling $181.6 million of which approximately $32.7 million is due within the next 12 months. Finance obligations consist primarily of debt associated with the sale of future revenues and failed sale/leaseback transactions.
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| (iii) | Long-term debt, primarily related to the Company’s loan and security agreement (Loan Agreement) with Generate Lending, LLC (Generate Capital) totaling $175.4 million of which $25.4 million is classified as short term on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 14, “Long-Term Debt”, for more details.
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| (iv) | Convertible senior notes totaling $85.6 million at December 31, 2020. See Note 15, “Convertible Senior Notes, as restated” for more details.
​ The Company believes that its current working capital of $1.4 billion at December 31, 2020, which includes unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $1.3 billion, together with proceeds from the January 2021 registered equity offering and SK group investment, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for a least one year after the date the financial statements are issued. ​ The Company plans to invest a portion of its available cash to expand its current production and manufacturing capacity and to fund strategic acquisitions and partnerships and capital projects. Future use of the Company’s funds is discretionary and the Company believes that its future working capital and cash position will be sufficient to fund operations even after these growth investments. ​ ​

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