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Acquisitions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Acquisitions |
Acquisitions | ​ 5. Acquisitions ​ Giner ELX Inc. Acquisition On June 22, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Giner ELX, Inc. (“Giner ELX”). Giner ELX is developer of electrolysis hydrogen generators which can be used for a variety of applications, including on-site refueling of hydrogen fuel cells. ​ The fair value of consideration paid by the Company in connection with the Giner ELX acquisition was as follows (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​
Cash | $ | 25,820
Plug Power Stock | ​ | 19,263
Contingent consideration | ​ | 7,790
Total consideration | $ | 52,873
​ The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value associated with earn-out payments of up to $16.0 million that the sellers are eligible to receive. Of the total earnout consideration, $8.0 million is related to the achievement of the Allagash earn-out, $2.0 million is associated with the receipt of certain customer opportunities (purchase orders or other contracts) by December 31, 2021, and $6.0 million is associated with the achievement of certain revenue targets for years 2021 through 2023. The Allagash earn-out is achieved when the Company has produced at least two PEM electrolyzer stacks of one megawatt each, utilizing the dry build process and meets certain technical specifications as more fully described in the merger agreement. To be fully paid, the Allagash earn-out needs to be satisfied by July 31, 2023 and is reduced by approximately 8.33% each month beyond this date. In addition to the above, should the earn-out revenue exceed 150% of the 2023 target, the sellers will receive warrants with a value of $5.0 million and if the earn-out revenue exceeds 200% of the 2023 revenue target, the sellers will receive warrants with a value of $10.0 million. The warrants are exercisable within two years of issuance. ​ In connection with the Giner ELX acquisition, the Company revised the acquisition-date fair value of contingent consideration liabilities which were determined to be measurement period adjustments and resulted in an increase in other liabilities and goodwill of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. ​ The following table summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding goodwill (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | $ | 1,237
Inventory |  | 4,108
Prepaid expenses and other assets | ​ | 669
Property, plant and equipment | ​ | 596
Identifiable intangibles | ​ | 29,930
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ​ | (1,621)
Deferred revenue | ​ | (2,350)
Deferred tax liability, net | ​ | (5,889)
Total net assets acquired, excluding goodwill | $ | 26,680
​ Identifiable intangibles consisted of developed technology, non-compete agreements, estimated in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), and customer relationships. ​ The fair value of acquired backlog and non-complete agreements was nominal. ​ The fair value of the acquired IPR&D related to the dry stack technology totaling $29.0 million was calculated using the multi-period excess earnings method (“MPEEM”) approach which is a variant of the income approach. The basic principle of the MPEEM approach is that a single asset, in isolation, is not capable of generating cash flow for an enterprise. Several assets are brought together and exploited to generate cash flow. Therefore, to determine cash flow from the exploitation of IPR&D, one must deduct the related expenses incurred for the exploitation of other assets used for the generation of overall cash flow and revenues. The fair value of IPR&D was estimated by discounting the net cash flow derived from the expected revenues attributable to the acquired IPR&D. The fair value of the acquired customer relationships totaling $0.4 million was calculated using a distributor method approach, which is a variant of the income approach. The fair value of wet stack technology totaling $0.4 million was determined using the relief from royalty method. ​ In addition to identifiable intangible assets, the fair value of acquired work in process and finished goods inventory was estimated based on the estimated selling price less costs to be incurred and a market participant profit rate. Additionally, the fair value of the deferred revenue was determined using a cost build-up approach. The direct cost of fulfilling the obligation plus a normal profit margin was used to determine the value of the assumed deferred revenue liability. ​ Included in the purchase consideration are three contingent earn-out payments (as described above): the Allagash earn-out, the customer opportunities, and the revenue targets. Due to the nature of the Allagash and customer opportunities, as outlined in the purchase agreement, a scenario based method (“SBM”) was used to value these contingent payments as the payments are milestone based in nature. These fair value measurements were based on unobservable inputs and are considered to be level 3 financial instruments. The revenue targets are achieved when certain revenue thresholds are met, and the catch-up provision creates path-dependency. As such, the revenue earn-out was valued using a Monte Carlo Simulation. ​ In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded on its consolidated balance sheet a liability of $7.8 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable. The fair value of this contingent consideration was remeasured as of December 31, 2020, and was estimated to be $9.6 million. This increase in fair value of $1.8 million, which was primarily due to a change in the discount rate offset by a decrease in the discount period, was recorded as an expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020. ​ Included in Giner ELX’s net assets acquired are net deferred tax liabilities of $5.9 million. In connection of the acquisition of these net deferred tax liabilities, the Company reduced its valuation allowance by $5.2 million and recognized a tax benefit $5.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2020. ​ Goodwill associated with the Giner ELX acquisition was calculated as follows (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​
Consideration paid | $ | 52,873
Less: net assets acquired | ​ | (26,680)
Total goodwill recognized | $ | 26,193
​ The goodwill consists of the Company’s increased capabilities in green hydrogen supply through the production of electrolyzers. The synergies with the Company’s production of hydrogen storage and dispensing equipment are important to the Company as the demand for green hydrogen is expected to increase. ​ United Hydrogen Group Inc. Acquisition On June 18, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of United Hydrogen Group Inc. (“UHG”). UHG produces and sells liquid hydrogen. ​ The fair value of consideration paid by the Company in connection with the UHG acquisition was as follows (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​
Cash | $ | 19,293
Plug Power Stock | ​ | 30,410
Contingent consideration | ​ | 1,110
Total consideration | $ | 50,813
​ Included in cash and common stock in the above table is $1.0 million of cash and $6.5 million of common stock that was paid in April 2020 to purchase a convertible note in UHG. This convertible note included terms that allowed for reduction of the purchase price if the Company were to complete the acquisition of UHG. As such, this note was cancelled in conjunction with the closing of this acquisition. ​ A portion of the purchase price of UHG was in the form of contingent consideration. The contingent consideration is contingent on future performance related to two discrete milestones associated with the expansion of the liquefication capacity of the Charleston, Tennessee liquid hydrogen plant (the “Charleston Plant”). The Company’s liability for this contingent consideration was measured at fair value based on the Company’s expectations of achieving the expansion milestone. The expected performance was assessed by management which was discounted to present value in order to derive a fair value of the contingent consideration. This fair value measurement was based on unobservable inputs and is considered a level 3 financial instrument. Due to the milestone nature of the payments, a scenario based method (“SBM”) was used to value these contingent payments. ​ The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration as of the acquisition date was $1.1 million. Subsequently, a payment of $300 thousand was made to the sellers as a result of achieving the first milestone related to the expansion of the liquefication capacity of the Charleston Plant. A reduction of the contingent consideration liability of $610 thousand was also recorded subsequent to the acquisition due to a reduction in the probability assessment that the second expansion milestone will be met. As of December 31, 2020, the remaining contingent consideration liability related to the UHG acquisition was $200 thousand. ​ The following table summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding goodwill (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | $ | 444
Inventory |  | 89
Prepaid expenses and other assets | ​ | 1,152
Property, plant and equipment |  | 41,244
Leased property | ​ | 796
Identifiable intangible asset |  | 2,338
Long-term debt | ​ | (11,336)
Unfavorable customer contract | ​ | (15,757)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue and finance obligations | ​ | (4,631)
Total net assets acquired, excluding goodwill | $ | 14,339
​ The identifiable intangible asset consisted of developed technology, as described below in Note 10, “Intangible Assets and Goodwill.” The fair value of the developed technology totaling $2.3 million was calculated using the relief from royalty approach which is a variant of the income approach. The application of the relief from royalty approach involves estimating the value of an intangible asset by quantifying the present value of the stream of market derived royalty payments that the owner of the intangible asset is exempted or ‘relieved’ from paying. ​ Additionally, the Company estimated the fair value of an unfavorable customer contract. The fair value of the acquired unfavorable customer contract was calculated using a with and with-out analysis which is a variant of the income approach. Cash flows were calculated using pricing per terms of the existing contract and then compared to cash flows using expected market pricing. The difference between the two cash flows was used to determine the fair value of the contract. Further, the Company assumed interest-bearing debt. The fair value of the assumed debt was calculated using the discounted cash flow method. ​ In connection with the UHG acquisition, the Company finalized the valuation of an unfavorable customer contract and long-term debt which resulted in an increase in other liabilities of $1.9 million, a decrease in long-term debt of $1.7 million, and an increase in goodwill of $0.2 million. ​ Goodwill associated with the UHG acquisition was calculated as follows (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​
Consideration paid | $ | 50,813
Less: net assets acquired | ​ | (14,339)
Total goodwill recognized | $ | 36,474
​ The Company now has capabilities in liquid hydrogen generation, liquefaction and distribution logistics, which is important in a growing hydrogen market. ​ Goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisitions is not deductible for tax purposes. ​ The results of the Giner ELX and UHG are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 from their respective dates of acquisition. Revenues from Giner ELX and UHG included in the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled $3.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively. ​ Neither the Giner ELX acquisition nor the UHG acquisition was material to our consolidated results of operations or financial position and, therefore, pro forma financial information is not presented.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for business combinations, including leverage buyout transactions (as applicable), and divestitures. This may include a description of a business combination or divestiture (or series of individually immaterial business combinations or divestitures) completed during the period, including background, timing, and assets and liabilities recognized and reclassified or sold. This element does not include fixed asset sales and plant closings. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -SubTopic 20 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2122178 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2303972 + Details
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