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Convertible Senior Notes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Convertible Senior Notes |
Convertible Senior Notes | ​ 15. Convertible Senior Notes 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes ​ On May 18, 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025, which is referred to herein as the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. On May 29, 2020, the Company issued an additional $12.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. ​ At issuance in May 2020, the total net proceeds from the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes were as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​
Principal amount | $ | 212,463
Less: initial purchasers' discount | ​ | (6,374)
Less: cost of related capped calls | ​ | (16,253)
Less: other issuance costs | ​ | (617)
Net proceeds | $ | 189,219
​ ​ The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. The notes will mature on June 1, 2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms. ​ The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes, equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s existing and future liabilities that are not so subordinated, effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, of its current or future subsidiaries. ​ Holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2024 in the following circumstances: ​
| 5) | during any calendar quarter commencing after March 31, 2021, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter;
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| 6) | during the five business days after any five consecutive trading day period (such five consecutive trading day period, the measurement period) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;
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| 7) | if the Company calls any or all of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes for redemption, any such notes that have been called for redemption may be converted at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or
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| 8) | upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as described in the indenture governing the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes.
​ On or after December 1, 2024, the holders of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. ​ The initial conversion rate for the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes is 198.6196 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $5.03 per share of the Company’s common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no conversions. During the year ended December 31, 2021, $15.2 million of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes were converted and the Company issued approximately 3.0 million shares of common stock in conjunction with these conversions. ​ In addition, following certain corporate events or following issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or convert its notes called for redemption during the related redemption period in certain circumstances. ​ The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 5, 2023 and before the 41st scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including at least one of the three trading days immediately preceding the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company sends such redemption notice. ​ If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase their notes for cash all or any portion of their notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. ​ The Company accounts for the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes as a liability. We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $7.0 million, consisting of initial purchasers’ discount of approximately $6.4 million and other issuance costs of $0.6 million which were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the consolidated balance sheets) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | December 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Principal amounts: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Principal | $ | 197,278 | ​ | $ | 197,278
Unamortized debt issuance costs (1) | ​ | (2,014) | ​ | ​ | (3,359)
Net carrying amount | $ | 195,264 | ​ | $ | 193,919
1) | Included in the consolidated balance sheets within the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method.
​ The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes (in thousands, except for effective interest rate): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, | ​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | ​ | 2022
Interest expense | ​ | $ | 7,546 | ​ | $ | 7,398
Amortization of debt issuance costs | ​ | ​ | 1,345 | ​ | ​ | 1,286
Total | ​ | ​ | 8,891 | ​ | ​ | 8,684
Effective interest rate | ​ | ​ | 4.6% | ​ | ​ | 4.5%
​ The estimated fair value of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes at December 31, 2023 was approximately $213.2 million. The fair value estimation was primarily based on a quoted price in an active market. ​ Capped Call ​ In conjunction with the pricing of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “3.75% Notes Capped Call”) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.2 million. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call covers, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and is generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is initially $6.7560 per share, which represents a premium of approximately 60% over the last then-reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $4.11 per share on the date of the transaction and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised. The net cost incurred in connection with the 3.75% Notes Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes & Common Stock Forward ​ In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023 (the “5.5% Convertible Senior Notes”), in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. ​ During 2020, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes to finance the cash portion of the partial repurchase of approximately $66.3 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and converted $33.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes into 14.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock. On January 7, 2021, the final remaining aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes was converted into 69,808 shares of the Company’s common stock. ​ In connection with the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into a forward stock purchase transaction (the “Common Stock Forward”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. In connection with the issuance of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and the partial repurchase of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company amended and extended the maturity of the Common Stock Forward to June 1, 2025. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions. ​ The book value of the Common Stock Forward is not remeasured. There were no shares of common stock settled in connection with the Common Stock Forward during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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