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Revenue
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue  
Revenue

18. Revenue

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregation of revenue (in thousands):

Major products/services lines

Year ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

Sales of fuel cell systems

$

181,168

$

207,691

$

225,229

Sales of hydrogen infrastructure

183,606

141,528

135,055

Sales of electrolyzers

82,611

28,463

16,667

Sales of engineered equipment

32,361

93,489

7,571

Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

39,093

35,280

26,706

Power purchase agreements

63,731

47,183

35,153

Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment

66,246

57,196

46,917

Sales of cryogenic equipment and other

231,687

87,761

8,255

Other

10,837

2,849

789

Net revenue

$

891,340

$

701,440

$

502,342

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

December 31,

December 31,

2023

2022

Accounts receivable

$

243,811

$

129,450

Contract assets

155,989

104,287

Deferred revenue and contract liabilities

288,302

229,898

Contract assets relate to contracts for which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis, however billings escalate over the life of a contract. Contract assets also include amounts recognized as revenue in advance of billings to customers, which are dependent upon the satisfaction of another performance obligation. These amounts are included in contract assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

The deferred revenue and contract liabilities relate to the advance consideration received from customers for services that will be recognized over time (primarily fuel cell and related infrastructure services and electrolyzer systems and solutions). Deferred revenue and contract liabilities also include advance consideration received from customers prior to delivery of products. These amounts are included within deferred revenue and other contract liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands):

Contract assets

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period

$

(94,860)

$

(33,394)

Change in contract assets related to warrants

14,260

26,455

Impairment

(2,375)

Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period

134,677

72,469

Net change in contract assets

$

51,702

$

65,530

Deferred revenue and contract liabilities

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Increases due to customer billings, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period

$

151,965

$

200,347

Change in contract liabilities related to warrants

440

Contract liabilities assumed as part of acquisitions

10,011

Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period

(94,001)

(163,550)

Net change in deferred revenue and contract liabilities

$

58,404

$

46,808

Estimated future revenue

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period, including provision for common stock warrants (in thousands):

December 31,

Expected recognition

2023

period (years)

Sales of fuel cell systems

$

64,954

1 - 2

Sales of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure

22,860

1

Sales of electrolyzers

301,323

1 - 2

Sales of engineered equipment

19,876

1

Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

123,080

5 - 10

Power purchase agreements

435,967

5 - 10

Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment

95,444

5 - 10

Sales of cryogenic equipment and other

87,927

1

Total estimated future revenue

$

1,151,431