<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-052453.txt : 20240426
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240426080016
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-052453
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240424
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240426
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240426

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			PLUG POWER INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001093691
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS [3620]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	04 Manufacturing
		IRS NUMBER:				223672377
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-34392
		FILM NUMBER:		24878856

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		968 ALBANY-SHAKER ROAD
		CITY:			LATHAM
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			12110
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5187827700

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		968 ALBANY-SHAKER ROAD
		CITY:			LATHAM
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			12110
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549&#160;</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section&#160;13 or 15(d)&#160;of
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>N/A</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (<i>see </i>General Instruction
A.2. below):&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
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Act (17 CFR 230.425)</td>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_902_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20240424__20240424_zqWui8VTAf71" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-04-24" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000023" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule&#160;14a-12 under the Exchange
Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</td>
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the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</td>
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the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</td>
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<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Securities registered pursuant to 12(b)&#160;of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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registered</b></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth
company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167; 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (&#167; 240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If an emerging growth
company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b><i>Amended and Restated Bylaws</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On April&#160;24, 2024, the
Board of Directors of Plug Power Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), approved and adopted the Company&#8217;s Seventh
Amended and Restated Bylaws (the &#8220;Seventh Amended and Restated Bylaws&#8221;), which became effective immediately, solely to reduce
the quorum required to hold meetings of the Company&#8217;s stockholders. The Seventh Amended and Restated Bylaws reduces the quorum requirement
from a majority to one-third of the voting power of the outstanding stock entitled to vote, and present in person or represented by proxy,
at the Company&#8217;s stockholder meetings.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company reduced the quorum
requirement to ensure that the Company may achieve quorum at the Company&#8217;s subsequent meetings of stockholders. Without the quorum
reduction, there is a high likelihood that the Company will not be able to obtain a quorum at future stockholder meetings, which would
hinder the Company&#8217;s ability to conduct business. The Company&#8217;s experience over the last few years is that a significant number
of its stockholders do not, either directly or through their brokerage accounts, complete their proxies or otherwise deliver voting instructions.
Accordingly, securing a quorum at annual meetings has become a challenge despite the Company&#8217;s best efforts to solicit participation
of its stockholders, directly and with the assistance of its proxy solicitor. For example, shares representing only 56.2% of the voting
power were present at the 2023 annual meeting of the Company&#8217;s stockholders and the Company was not able to obtain the required
quorum until the day before the scheduled annual meeting of the Company&#8217;s stockholders. Similarly, the Company was not able to obtain
the required quorum until two days before each of the scheduled 2022 and 2021 annual meetings of the Company&#8217;s stockholders. The
Company believes that reducing the quorum requirement to one-third of the stock entitled to vote on a proposal will reduce the risk of
failing to achieve a quorum for any stockholder meetings, which failure would require the Company to adjourn such meetings and therefore
cause the Company to incur additional costs and suffer disruptions to its business. If the stockholder turnout increases at stockholder
meetings in the future, the Company will consider returning the quorum requirement to a majority of the stock entitled to vote on a proposal.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No other changes were made
to the Seventh Amended and Restated Bylaws. The Company does not anticipate that the reduced quorum requirement will have any effect on
the Company&#8217;s business, aside from making it easier to hold stockholder meetings.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The foregoing description of the Seventh Amended
and Restated Bylaws is only a summary and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the complete text of such document,
a copy of which is filed as Exhibit&#160;3.1 to this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K, and is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d)&#160;Exhibits.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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Number</b></span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 89%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Title</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tm2412662d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><a href="tm2412662d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Seventh Amended and Restated Bylaws of Plug Power Inc.</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page&#160;Interactive Data File (embedded with the Inline XBRL document).</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 45%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Plug Power Inc.</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date: April&#160;26</span>, 2024</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Paul Middleton</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: Paul Middleton</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Chief Financial Officer</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></p>

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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
<TEXT>
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<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SEVENTH AMENDED AND RESTATED</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>BY-LAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PLUG POWER INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">(the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Adopted by the Board of Directors on 24th of
April, 2024</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Article&nbsp;I</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Stockholders</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Annual
Meeting</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The annual meeting of stockholders (any such meeting
being referred to in these By-laws as an &ldquo;Annual Meeting&rdquo;) shall be held at the hour, date and place within or without the
United States that is fixed by the Board of Directors, which time, date and place may subsequently be changed at any time, before or after
the notice for such meeting has been sent to the stockholders, by vote of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its sole
discretion, determine that a meeting of stockholders shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote
communication as authorized by Section&nbsp;211(a)(2)&nbsp;of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;).
In the absence of any such designation or determination, stockholders&rsquo; meetings shall be held at the Corporation&rsquo;s principal
executive office. If no Annual Meeting has been held for a period of thirteen (13) months after the Corporation&rsquo;s last Annual Meeting,
a special meeting in lieu thereof may be held, and such special meeting shall have, for the purposes of these By-laws or otherwise, all
the force and effect of an Annual Meeting. Any and all references hereafter in these By-laws to an Annual Meeting or Annual Meetings also
shall be deemed to refer to any special meeting(s)&nbsp;in lieu thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
of Stockholder Business and Nominations</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Annual
Meetings of Stockholders</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Nominations
of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the &ldquo;Board of Directors&rdquo;) and the proposal of other
business to be considered by the stockholders may be brought before an Annual Meeting (i)&nbsp;by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors or (ii)&nbsp;by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice of the Annual
Meeting provided for in these By-laws, who is entitled to vote at the meeting, who is present (in person or by proxy) at the meeting and
who complies with the notice procedures set forth in these By-laws as to such nomination or business. For the avoidance of doubt, the
foregoing clause (ii)&nbsp;shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to bring nominations or business properly before an Annual Meeting
(other than matters properly brought under Rule&nbsp;14a-8 (or any successor rule) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;)), and such stockholder must comply with the notice and other procedures set forth in Article&nbsp;I,
Section&nbsp;2(a)(2), (3), and (4)&nbsp;of these By-laws to bring such nominations or business properly before an Annual Meeting. In addition
to the other requirements set forth in these By-laws, for any proposal of business to be considered at an Annual Meeting, it must be a
proper subject for action by stockholders of the Corporation under Delaware law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">For
nominations or other business to be properly brought before an Annual Meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (ii)&nbsp;of Article&nbsp;I,
Section&nbsp;2(a)(1)&nbsp;of these By-law<B>s</B>, the stockholder must (i)&nbsp;have given Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in
writing to the Secretary of the Corporation, (ii)&nbsp;have provided any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the
forms required by these By-law<B>s</B> and (iii)&nbsp;together with the beneficial owner(s), if any, on whose behalf the nomination or
business proposal is made, have acted in accordance with the representations set forth in the Solicitation Statement (as defined below)
required by these By-law<B>s</B>. To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s written notice shall be received by the Secretary at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day nor earlier than the close of business
on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s Annual Meeting; provided, however,
that in the event the Annual Meeting is first convened more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary
date, or if no Annual Meeting were held in the preceding year, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be received by the Secretary
of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the scheduled date of such Annual
Meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made (such notice
within such time periods shall be referred to as &ldquo;Timely Notice&rdquo;). Such stockholder&rsquo;s Timely Notice shall set forth:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">as
to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, (i)&nbsp;the name, age, business address
and residence address of the nominee, (ii)&nbsp;the principal occupation or employment of the nominee, (iii)&nbsp;the class and number
of shares of capital stock of the Corporation that are held of record or are beneficially owned by the nominee or their Affiliates or
Associates (each as defined below) and any Synthetic Equity Interest (as defined below) held or beneficially owned by the nominee or their
Affiliates or Associates, (iv)&nbsp;a description of all arrangements or understandings between or among the stockholder and each nominee
and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nominations are to be made by the stockholder or
concerning the nominee&rsquo;s potential service on the Board of Directors, (v)&nbsp;a questionnaire with respect to the background and
qualifications of the nominee completed by the nominee in the form provided by the Corporation (which questionnaire shall be provided
by the Secretary upon written request of any stockholder of record identified by name within five (5)&nbsp;business days of such written
request), (vi)&nbsp;a representation and agreement in the form provided by the Corporation (which form shall be provided by the Secretary
upon written request of any stockholder of record identified by name within five (5)&nbsp;business days of such written request) that:
(a)&nbsp;such proposed nominee is not and will not become party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity
as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &ldquo;Voting
Commitment&rdquo;) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation; (b)&nbsp;such proposed nominee is not and will not become a party to
any agreement, arrangement, or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect
compensation, reimbursement, or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the
Corporation; (c)&nbsp;such proposed nominee would, if elected as a director, comply with all applicable rules&nbsp;and regulations of
the exchanges upon which shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s capital stock trade, each of the Corporation&rsquo;s corporate governance,
ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines applicable generally to the Corporation&rsquo;s
directors and, if elected as a director of the Corporation, such person currently would be in compliance with any such policies and guidelines
that have been publicly disclosed; (d)&nbsp;such proposed nominee intends to serve as a director for the full term for which he or she
is to stand for election; and (e)&nbsp;such proposed nominee will promptly provide to the Corporation such other information as it may
reasonably request; and (vii)&nbsp;any other information relating to such proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in solicitations
of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Exchange Act (including without limitation such person&rsquo;s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and
to serving as a director if elected);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">as
to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought
before the meeting, the text, if any, of any resolutions or Bylaw amendment proposed for adoption, the reasons for conducting such business
at the meeting, and any material interest in such business of each Proposing Person (as defined below);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(C)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;the
name and address of the stockholder giving the notice, as they appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books, and the names and addresses of
the other Proposing Persons (if any) and (ii)&nbsp;as to each Proposing Person, the following information: (a)&nbsp;the class or series
and number of all shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially or of record by such
Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates, including any shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation
as to which such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the
future (whether or not such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time or upon the satisfaction of any conditions
or both) pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing), (b)&nbsp;all Synthetic Equity Interests
(as defined below) in which such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates, directly or indirectly, holds an interest including
a description of the material terms of each such Synthetic Equity Interest, including without limitation, identification of the counterparty
to each such Synthetic Equity Interest and disclosure, for each such Synthetic Equity Interest, as to (1)&nbsp;whether or not such Synthetic
Equity Interest conveys any voting rights, directly or indirectly, in such shares to such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or
Associates, (2)&nbsp;whether or not such Synthetic Equity Interest is required to be, or is capable of being, settled through delivery
of such shares and (3)&nbsp;whether or not such Proposing Person, any of its Affiliates or Associates and/or, to the extent known, the
counterparty to such Synthetic Equity Interest has entered into other transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such
Synthetic Equity Interest, (c)&nbsp;any proxy (other than a revocable proxy given in response to a public proxy solicitation made pursuant
to, and in accordance with, the Exchange Act), agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such Proposing
Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates has or shares a right to, directly or indirectly, vote any shares of any class or series
of capital stock of the Corporation, (d)&nbsp;any rights to dividends or other distributions on the shares of any class or series of capital
stock of the Corporation, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially by such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates that
are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (e)&nbsp;any performance-related fees (other than an asset based
fee) that such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates, directly or indirectly, is entitled to receive based on any increase
or decrease in the value of shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation or any Synthetic Equity Interests, (f)(1)&nbsp;if
such Proposing Person is not a natural person, the identity of the natural person or persons associated with such Proposing Person responsible
for (i)&nbsp;the formulation of and decision to propose the director nomination or business to be brought before the meeting and (ii)&nbsp;making
voting and investment decisions on behalf of the Proposing Person (irrespective of whether such person or persons have &ldquo;beneficial
ownership&rdquo; for purposes of Rule&nbsp;13d-3 of the Exchange Act of any securities owned of record or beneficially by the Proposing
Person) (such person or persons, the &ldquo;Responsible Person&rdquo;), the manner in which such Responsible Person was selected, any
fiduciary duties owed by such Responsible Person to the equity holders or other beneficiaries of such Proposing Person and, the qualifications
and background of such Responsible Person or (2)&nbsp;if such Proposing Person is a natural person, the qualifications and background
of such natural person, (g)&nbsp;any equity interests or any Synthetic Equity Interests in any principal competitor of the Corporation
beneficially owned by such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates, (h)&nbsp;any direct or indirect interest of such Proposing
Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates in any contract with the Corporation, any Affiliate of the Corporation or any principal
competitor of the Corporation (including, without limitation, in any such case, any employment agreement, collective bargaining agreement
or consulting agreement), (i)&nbsp;any pending or threatened litigation in which such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates
is a party or material participant involving the Corporation or any of its officers or directors, or any Affiliate of the Corporation,
(j)&nbsp;any material transaction occurring during the prior twelve months between such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates
, on the one hand, and the Corporation, any Affiliate of the Corporation or any principal competitor of the Corporation, on the other
hand, and (k)&nbsp;any other information relating to such Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates that would be required
to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such
Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section&nbsp;14(a)&nbsp;of the Exchange
Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (a)&nbsp;through (k)&nbsp;are referred to, collectively, as &ldquo;Material
Ownership Interests&rdquo;); provided, however, that the Material Ownership Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect
to the ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person
solely as a result of being the stockholder of record directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of
a beneficial owner;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(D)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;a
description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings to which any Proposing Person or any of its Affiliates or Associates is
a party (whether the counterparty or counterparties are a Proposing Person or any Affiliate or Associate thereof, on the one hand, or
one or more other third parties, on the other hand,(including any proposed nominee(s)) (a)&nbsp;pertaining to the nomination(s)&nbsp;or
other business proposed to be brought before the meeting of stockholders or (b)&nbsp;entered into for the purpose of acquiring, holding,
disposing or voting of any shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation (which description shall identify the name
of each other person who is party to such an agreement, arrangement or understanding), and (ii)&nbsp;identification of the names and addresses
of other stockholders (including beneficial owners) known by any of the Proposing Persons to support such nominations or other business
proposal(s), and to the extent known the class and number of all shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s capital stock owned beneficially or
of record by such other stockholder(s)&nbsp;or other beneficial owner(s); and</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(E)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">a
statement (i)&nbsp;that the stockholder is a holder of record of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting, a
representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nominees and an
acknowledgement that, if such stockholder (or a qualified representative of such stockholder) does not appear to present such business
or proposed nominees, as applicable, at such meeting, the Corporation need not present such business or proposed nominees for a vote at
such meeting, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation, (ii)&nbsp;whether or not
the stockholder giving the notice and/or the other Proposing Person(s), if any, (a)&nbsp;will deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy
to holders of, in the case of a business proposal, at least the percentage of voting power of all of the shares of capital stock of the
Corporation required under applicable law to approve the proposal or, in the case of a nomination or nominations, at least sixty seven
percent (67%) of the voting power of all of the shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote on the election of directors
or (b)&nbsp;otherwise solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination, as applicable, (iii)&nbsp;providing
a representation as to whether or not such Proposing Person intends to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the
Corporation&rsquo;s director nominees in accordance with Rule&nbsp;14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and (iv)&nbsp;that the stockholder
will provide any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other
filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting
pursuant to Section&nbsp;14(a)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act (such statement, the &ldquo;Solicitation Statement&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this Article&nbsp;I of these By-laws,
the term &ldquo;Proposing Person&rdquo; shall mean the following persons: (i)&nbsp;the stockholder of record providing the notice of nominations
or business proposed to be brought before a stockholders&rsquo; meeting, and (ii)&nbsp;the beneficial owner(s), if different, on whose
behalf the nominations or business proposed to be brought before a stockholders&rsquo; meeting is made. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2,
each of the terms &ldquo;Affiliates&rdquo; and &ldquo;Associates&rdquo; shall have the meaning attributed to such term in Rule&nbsp;12b-2
under the Exchange Act. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;2 of Article&nbsp;I of these By-laws, the term &ldquo;Synthetic Equity Interest&rdquo;
shall mean any transaction, agreement or arrangement (or series of transactions, agreements or arrangements), including, without limitation,
any derivative, swap, hedge, repurchase or so-called &ldquo;stock borrowing&rdquo; agreement or arrangement, the purpose or effect of
which is to, directly or indirectly: (a)&nbsp;give a person or entity economic benefit and/or risk similar to ownership of shares of any
class or series of capital stock of the Corporation, in whole or in part, including due to the fact that such transaction, agreement or
arrangement provides, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit, or share in any profit, or avoid a loss from any increase or
decrease in the value of any shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation, (b)&nbsp;mitigate loss to, reduce the
economic risk of or manage the risk of share price changes for, any person or entity with respect to any shares of any class or series
of capital stock of the Corporation, (c)&nbsp;otherwise provide in any manner the opportunity to profit, or share in any profit, or avoid
a loss from any decrease in the value of any shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation, or (d)&nbsp;increase or
decrease the voting power of any person or entity with respect to any shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Corporation.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">A
stockholder providing Timely Notice of nominations or business proposed to be brought before an Annual Meeting shall further update and
supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information (including, without limitation, the Material Ownership Interests information)
provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to these By-laws shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting
and as of the date that is ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to such Annual Meeting, and such update and supplement shall be received
by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the fifth (5th) business
day after the record date for the Annual Meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date),
and not later than the close of business on the eighth (8th) business day prior to the date of the Annual Meeting (in the case of the
update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting). For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation
to update as set forth in Section&nbsp;2(a)(3)&nbsp;of these Bylaws shall not limit the Corporation&rsquo;s rights with respect to any
deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder, or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder
who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any proposal or nomination or to submit any new proposal, including by
changing or adding nominees, matters, business and/or resolutions proposed to be brought before a meeting of the stockholders. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if a Proposing Person no longer plans to solicit proxies in accordance with its representation pursuant to Article&nbsp;I,
Section&nbsp;2(a)(2)(E)&nbsp;of these Bylaws, such Proposing Person shall inform the Corporation of this change by delivering a written
notice to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation no later than two (2)&nbsp;business days after making the
determination not to proceed with a solicitation of proxies. A Proposing Person shall also update its notice so that the information required
by Article&nbsp;I, Section&nbsp;2(a)(2)(C)&nbsp;of these Bylaws is current through the date of the meeting or any adjournment, postponement,
or rescheduling thereof, and such update shall be delivered in writing to the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation
no later than two (2)&nbsp;business days after the occurrence of any material change to the information previously disclosed pursuant
to Article&nbsp;I, Section&nbsp;2(a)(2)(C)&nbsp;of these Bylaws.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything in the second sentence of Article&nbsp;I, Section&nbsp;2(a)(2)&nbsp;of these By-laws to the contrary, in the event that the number
of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public announcement naming all of
the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors made by the Corporation at least ten (10)&nbsp;days
before the last day a stockholder may deliver a notice of nomination in accordance with the second sentence of Article&nbsp;I, Section&nbsp;2(a)(2)&nbsp;of
these Bylaws, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by these By-laws shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees
for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be received by the Secretary of the Corporation not later than the close of
business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>General</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Only
such persons who are nominated in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws shall be eligible for election and to serve as directors
and only such business shall be conducted at an Annual Meeting as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions
of this Bylaw or in accordance with Rule&nbsp;14a-8 under the Exchange Act. The Board of Directors or a designated committee thereof shall
have the power to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made in accordance with
the provisions of these By-laws. If neither the Board of Directors nor such designated committee makes a determination as to whether any
stockholder proposal or nomination was made in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws, the presiding officer of the Annual Meeting
shall have the power and duty to determine whether the stockholder proposal or nomination was made in accordance with the provisions of
these By-laws. If the Board of Directors or a designated committee thereof or the presiding officer, as applicable, determines that any
stockholder proposal or nomination was not made in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws, such proposal or nomination shall
be disregarded and shall not be presented for action at the Annual Meeting.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Except
as otherwise required by law, nothing in this Article&nbsp;I, Section&nbsp;2 shall obligate the Corporation or the Board of Directors
to include in any proxy statement or other stockholder communication distributed on behalf of the Corporation or the Board of Directors
information with respect to any nominee for director or any other matter of business submitted by a stockholder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
the foregoing provisions of this Article&nbsp;I, Section&nbsp;2, if the nominating or proposing stockholder (or a qualified representative
of the stockholder) does not appear at the Annual Meeting to present a nomination or any business, such nomination or business shall be
disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Article&nbsp;I,
Section&nbsp;2, to be considered a qualified representative of the proposing stockholder, a person must be authorized by a written instrument
executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting
of stockholders and such person must produce such written instrument or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the written
instrument or electronic transmission, to the presiding officer at the meeting of stockholders.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of these By-laws, &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service,
Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13, 14 or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
the foregoing provisions of these By-laws, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the
rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder, including, but not limited to, Rule&nbsp;14a-19 of the Exchange Act, with respect to the matters
set forth in these By-laws. If a stockholder fails to comply with any applicable requirements of the Exchange Act, including, but not
limited to, Rule&nbsp;14a-19 promulgated thereunder, such stockholder&rsquo;s proposed nomination or proposed business shall be deemed
to have not been made in compliance with this Bylaw and shall be disregarded.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Further
notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Bylaw, unless otherwise required by law, (i)&nbsp;no Proposing Person shall solicit proxies
in support of director nominees other than the Corporation&rsquo;s nominees unless such Proposing Person has complied with Rule&nbsp;14a-19
promulgated under the Exchange Act in connection with the solicitation of such proxies, including the provision to the Corporation of
notices required thereunder with timely notice, and (ii)&nbsp;if any Proposing Person (A)&nbsp;provides notice pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;promulgated
under the Exchange Act, (B)&nbsp;subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(2)&nbsp;or Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(3)&nbsp;promulgated
under the Exchange Act, including the provision to the Corporation of notices required thereunder with timely notice, and (C)&nbsp;no
other Proposing Person has provided notice pursuant to, and in compliance with, Rule&nbsp;14a-19 under the Exchange Act that it intends
to solicit proxies in support of the election of such proposed nominee in accordance with Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;under the Exchange
Act, then such proposed nominee shall be disqualified from nomination, the Corporation shall disregard the nomination of such proposed
nominee and no vote on the election of such proposed nominee shall occur. Upon request by the Corporation, if any Proposing Person provides
notice pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;promulgated under the Exchange Act, such Proposing Person shall deliver to the Corporation,
no later than five (5)&nbsp;business days prior to the applicable meeting date, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of
Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(3)&nbsp;promulgated under the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(7)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the Annual Meeting (or in the case of a stockholder giving the notice on
behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the Annual Meeting on behalf of such beneficial
owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such Annual Meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Special
Meetings</U>. Except as otherwise required by statute and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of preferred stock,
special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by or at the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board
of Directors may postpone or reschedule any previously scheduled special meeting of stockholders. Only those matters set forth in the
notice of the special meeting may be considered or acted upon at a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation. Nominations of
persons for election to the Board of Directors and stockholder proposals of other business shall not be brought before a special meeting
of stockholders to be considered by the stockholders unless such special meeting is held in lieu of an annual meeting of stockholders
in accordance with Article&nbsp;I, Section&nbsp;1 of these By-laws, in which case such special meeting in lieu thereof shall be deemed
an Annual Meeting for purposes of these By-laws and the provisions of Article&nbsp;I, Section&nbsp;2 of these By-laws shall govern such
special meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
of Meetings; Adjournments</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A notice of each Annual Meeting stating the hour,
date and place, if any, of such Annual Meeting and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may
be deemed to be present in person and vote at such Annual Meeting, shall be given not less than ten (10)&nbsp;days nor more than sixty
(60) days before the Annual Meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat by delivering such notice to such stockholder or by
mailing it, postage prepaid, addressed to such stockholder at the address of such stockholder as it appears on the Corporation&rsquo;s
stock transfer books. Without limiting the manner by which notice may otherwise be given to stockholders, any notice to stockholders may
be given by electronic transmission in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;232 of the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notice of all special meetings of stockholders
shall be given in the same manner as provided for Annual Meetings, except that the notice of all special meetings shall state the purpose
or purposes for which the meeting has been called.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notice of an Annual Meeting or special meeting
of stockholders need not be given to a stockholder if a waiver of notice is executed, or waiver of notice by electronic transmission is
provided, before or after such meeting by such stockholder or if such stockholder attends such meeting, unless such attendance is for
the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting was not lawfully
called or convened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors may postpone and reschedule
or cancel any previously scheduled Annual Meeting or special meeting of stockholders and any record date with respect thereto, regardless
of whether any notice or public disclosure with respect to any such meeting has been sent or made pursuant to Section&nbsp;2 of this Article&nbsp;I
of these By-laws or otherwise. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, postponement or rescheduling of any previously
scheduled meeting of stockholders commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice under this Article&nbsp;I
of these By-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">When any meeting is convened, the presiding officer
or the stockholders present or represented by proxy at such meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time for any reason, regardless
of whether a quorum is present, to reconvene at any other time and at any place at which a meeting of stockholders may be held under these
Bylaws. When any Annual Meeting or special meeting of stockholders is adjourned to another hour, date or place (including an adjournment
taken to address a technical failure to convene or continue a meeting using remote communication), notice need not be given of the adjourned
meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may
be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are (i)&nbsp;announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken, (ii)&nbsp;displayed, during the time scheduled for the meeting, on the same electronic network used to enable stockholders and
proxy holders to participate in the meeting by means of remote communication or (iii)&nbsp;set forth in the notice of meeting given in
accordance with this Section&nbsp;4; provided, however, that if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days from the meeting date,
or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting and the means of remote
communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting
shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote thereat and each stockholder who, by law or under the Certificate of Incorporation
of the Corporation (as the same may hereafter be amended and/or restated, the &ldquo;Certificate&rdquo;) or these By-laws, is entitled
to such notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;5.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Quorum</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate,
the presence in person or by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy, of the holders of one-third in voting power
of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote at the meeting shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of stockholders. If
less than a quorum is present at a meeting, the holders of voting stock representing a majority of the voting power present at the meeting
or the chair of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice,
except as otherwise provided in Section&nbsp;4 of this Article&nbsp;I. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business
may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. The stockholders present at a duly constituted
meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than
a quorum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Voting
and Proxies</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting
of stockholders shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;Article&nbsp;IV, Section&nbsp;5 of these Bylaws,
subject to Section&nbsp;217 (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors and joint owners of stock) and Section&nbsp;218 (relating
to voting trusts and other voting agreements) of the DGCL. Stockholders shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote owned
by them of record according to the stock ledger of the Corporation as of the record date, unless otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate.
Stockholders may vote either (i)&nbsp;in person, (ii)&nbsp;by written proxy or (iii)&nbsp;by a transmission permitted by Section&nbsp;212(c)&nbsp;of
the DGCL. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission permitted by Section&nbsp;212(c)&nbsp;of
the DGCL may be substituted for or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original
writing or transmission could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete
reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission. Proxies shall be filed in accordance with the procedures established for
the meeting of stockholders. Except as otherwise limited therein or as otherwise provided by law, proxies authorizing a person to vote
at a specific meeting shall entitle the persons authorized thereby to vote at any adjournment of such meeting, but they shall not be valid
after final adjournment of such meeting. A proxy with respect to stock held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed
by or on behalf of any one of them unless at or prior to the exercise of the proxy the Corporation receives a specific written notice
to the contrary from any one of them. In the event the Corporation receives proxies for disqualified or withdrawn nominees for the Board
of Directors, such votes for such disqualified or withdrawn nominees in the proxies will be treated as abstentions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting
proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board
of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;7.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Action
at Meeting</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">When a quorum is present at any meeting of stockholders,
any matter before any meeting of stockholders (other than an election of a director or directors) shall be decided by a majority of the
votes properly cast for and against such matter, except where a larger vote is required by law, by the Certificate or by these By-laws.
Any election of directors by stockholders shall be determined by a plurality of the votes properly cast on the election of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;8.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Stockholder
Lists</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Corporation shall prepare, no later than the
tenth (10th) day before each Annual Meeting or special meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at
the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name
of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period
of ten (10)&nbsp;days ending on the day before the meeting date in the manner provided by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;9.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conduct
of Meeting</U>. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules, regulations, and procedures for the conduct of any meeting
of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with rules, regulations, and procedures adopted by the
Board of Directors, the chair of the meeting shall have the right to prescribe such rules, regulations, and procedures and to do all such
acts, as, in the judgment of such chair, are necessary, appropriate, or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules,
regulations, or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or the chair of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the
following: (a)&nbsp;the establishment of an agenda for the meeting; (b)&nbsp;rules&nbsp;and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting
and the safety of those present at the meeting; (c)&nbsp;limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders
of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies, or such other persons as the chair of the meeting shall determine;
(d)&nbsp;restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; (e)&nbsp;the determination of the circumstances
in which any person may make a statement or ask questions and limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments; (f)&nbsp;the
determination of when the polls shall open and close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (g)&nbsp;the exclusion or removal
of any stockholders or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting rules, regulations, or procedures; (h)&nbsp;restrictions
on the use of audio and video recording devices, cell phones, and other electronic devices; (i)&nbsp;rules, regulations, and procedures
for compliance with any federal, state, or local laws or regulations (including those concerning safety, health, or security); (j)&nbsp;procedures
(if any) requiring attendees to provide the Corporation advance notice of their intent to attend the meeting; and (k)&nbsp;rules, regulations,
or procedures regarding the participation by means of remote communication of stockholders and proxy holders not physically present at
a meeting, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication. Unless and to the extent
determined by the Board of Directors or the chair of the meeting, the chair of the meeting shall not be obligated to adopt or follow any
technical, formal, or parliamentary rules&nbsp;or principles of procedure.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;10.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Voting
Procedures and Inspectors of Elections</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Corporation shall, in advance of any meeting
of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate
one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at
a meeting of stockholders, the presiding officer shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Any inspector may, but need
not, be an officer, employee or agent of the Corporation. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall
take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability.
The inspectors shall perform such duties as are required by the DGCL, including the counting of all votes and ballots. The inspectors
may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the performance of the duties of the inspectors. The presiding
officer may review all determinations made by the inspectors, and in so doing the presiding officer shall be entitled to exercise his
or her sole judgment and discretion and he or she shall not be bound by any determinations made by the inspectors. All determinations
by the inspectors and, if applicable, the presiding officer, shall be subject to further review by any court of competent jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Article&nbsp;II</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Directors</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Powers</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The business and affairs of the Corporation shall
be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors except as otherwise provided by the Certificate or required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Number
and Terms</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The number of directors of the Corporation shall
be fixed solely and exclusively by resolution duly adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors, provided the Board of Directors
shall consist of at least one (1)&nbsp;member. The directors shall hold office in the manner provided in the Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Qualification</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No director need be a stockholder of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Vacancies</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Vacancies in the Board of Directors shall be filled
in the manner provided in the Certificate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;5.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Removal</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Directors may be removed from office only in the
manner provided in the Certificate and applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Resignation</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A director may resign at any time by electronic
transmission or by giving written notice to the Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected, the President or the Secretary. A resignation
shall be effective upon receipt, unless the resignation otherwise provides.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;7.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Regular
Meetings</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may
be held at such hour, date and place as the Board of Directors may by resolution from time to time determine and publicize by means of
reasonable notice given to any director who is not present at the meeting at which such resolution is adopted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;8.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Special
Meetings</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Special meetings of the Board of Directors may
be called, orally or in writing, by or at the request of a majority of the directors, the Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected,
or the President. The person calling any such special meeting of the Board of Directors may fix the hour, date and place thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;9.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
of Meetings</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notice of the hour, date and place of all special
meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or in case of the death,
absence, incapacity or refusal of such persons, by the Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected, or the President or such other officer
designated by the Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected, or the President. Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors
shall be given to each director in person, by telephone, or by facsimile, electronic mail, or other form of electronic communication,
sent to his or her business or home address, at least twenty-four (24) hours in advance of the meeting, or by written notice mailed to
his or her business or home address, at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the meeting <I>provided, however</I>, that if the Chairperson
of the Board or the President determines that it is otherwise necessary or advisable to hold the meeting sooner, then the Chairperson
of the Board or the President, as the case may be, may prescribe a shorter time period for notice to be given personally or by telephone,
facsimile, electronic mail or other similar means of communication. Such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when hand delivered to
such address; read to such director by telephone; deposited in the mail so addressed; with postage thereon prepaid, if mailed; or dispatched
or transmitted if sent by facsimile transmission or by electronic mail or other form of electronic communications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">A written waiver of notice signed or electronically
transmitted before or after a meeting by a director and filed with the records of the meeting shall be deemed to be equivalent to notice
of the meeting. The attendance of a director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a director
attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because such
meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Except as otherwise required by law, by the Certificate or by these By-laws, neither the business
to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of
such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;10.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Quorum</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">At any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority
of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but if less than a quorum is present at a
meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without
further notice. Any business which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed may be transacted at such adjourned
meeting at which a quorum is present. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;10, the total number of directors includes any unfilled vacancies
on the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;11.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Action
at Meeting</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">At any meeting of the Board of Directors at which
a quorum is present, the vote of a majority of the directors present shall constitute action by the Board of Directors, unless otherwise
required by law, by the Certificate or by these By-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;12.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Action
by Consent</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any action required or permitted to be taken at
any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors consent thereto in writing
or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the records of the
meetings of the Board of Directors. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic
form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form. Such consent shall be treated as a resolution of the Board of Directors for all
purposes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;13.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Manner
of Participation</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Directors may participate in meetings of the Board
of Directors by means of video conference, conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all directors participating
in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting in accordance herewith shall constitute presence in person at such
meeting for purposes of these By-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;14.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Presiding
Director</U>. The Board of Directors shall designate a representative to preside over all meetings of the Board of Directors, provided
that if the Board of Directors does not so designate such a presiding director or such designated presiding director is unable to so preside
or is absent, then the Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected, shall preside over all meetings of the Board of Directors. If both
the designated presiding director, if one is so designated, and the Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected, are unable to preside
or are absent, the Board of Directors shall designate an alternate representative to preside over a meeting of the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;15.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Committees</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors, by vote of a majority of
the directors then in office, may elect one or more committees, including, without limitation, a Compensation Committee, a Corporate Governance
and Nominating Committee and an Audit Committee, and may delegate thereto some or all of its powers to such committee(s)&nbsp;except those
which by law, by the Certificate or by these By-laws may not be delegated. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, any
such committee may make rules&nbsp;for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors or in such
rules, its business shall be conducted so far as possible in the same manner as is provided by these By-laws for the Board of Directors.
All members of such committees shall hold such offices at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may abolish any
such committee at any time. Any committee to which the Board of Directors delegates any of its powers or duties shall keep records of
its meetings and shall report its action to the Board of Directors. The Corporation elects to be governed by the provisions of Section&nbsp;141(c)(2)&nbsp;of
the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;16.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compensation
of Directors</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Directors shall receive such compensation for their
services as shall be determined by a majority of the Board of Directors, or a designated committee thereof, provided that directors who
are serving the Corporation as employees shall not receive any salary or other compensation for their services as directors of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Article&nbsp;III</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Officers</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Enumeration</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The officers of the Corporation shall consist of
a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary and such other officers, including, without limitation, a Chairperson of the Board of Directors,
a Chief Executive Officer and one or more Vice Presidents (including Executive Vice Presidents or Senior Vice Presidents), Assistant Vice
Presidents, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries, as the Board of Directors may determine. Any number of offices may be held
by the same person. The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the Corporation will be fixed by or in the manner designated
by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof to which the Board of Directors has delegated such responsibility.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Election</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors shall elect the President,
the Treasurer and the Secretary. Other officers may be elected by the Board of Directors at such regular annual meeting of the Board of
Directors or at any other regular or special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Qualification</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No officer need be a stockholder or a director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Tenure</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate
or by these By-laws, each of the officers of the Corporation shall hold office until the regular annual meeting of the Board of Directors
following the next Annual Meeting and until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;5.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Resignation
and Removal</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any officer may resign by delivering his or her
written or electronically transmitted resignation to the Corporation addressed to the President or the Secretary, and such resignation
shall be effective upon receipt, unless the resignation otherwise provides. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any,
of the Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party. Except as otherwise provided by law or by resolution of the Board
of Directors, the Board of Directors may remove any officer with or without cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors
then in office. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, no officer who resigns or is removed shall have any right to
any compensation as an officer for any period following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such
removal, whether his or her compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise, unless such compensation is expressly provided in
a duly authorized written agreement with the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Absence
or Disability</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event of the absence or disability of any
officer, the Board of Directors may designate another officer to act temporarily in place of such absent or disabled officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;7.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Vacancies</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any vacancy in any office may be filled for the
unexpired portion of the term by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;8.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>President</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The President shall, subject to the direction of
the Board of Directors, have such powers and shall perform such duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;9.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Chairperson
of the Board</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected,
shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;10.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Chief
Executive Officer</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Chief Executive Officer, if one is elected,
shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;11.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Vice
Presidents and Assistant Vice Presidents</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Vice President (including any Executive Vice
President or Senior Vice President) and any Assistant Vice President shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as the Board
of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;12.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Treasurer
and Assistant Treasurers</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Treasurer shall, subject to the direction of
the Board of Directors and except as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may otherwise provide, have general charge
of the financial affairs of the Corporation and shall cause to be kept accurate books of account. The Treasurer shall have custody of
all funds, securities, and valuable documents of the Corporation. He or she shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated
from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Assistant Treasurer shall have such powers
and perform such duties as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;13.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Secretary
and Assistant Secretaries</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Secretary shall record all the proceedings
of the meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors (including committees of the Board of Directors) in books kept for that
purpose. In his or her absence from any such meeting, a temporary secretary chosen at the meeting shall record the proceedings thereof.
The Secretary shall have charge of the stock ledger (which may, however, be kept by any transfer or other agent of the Corporation). The
Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation, and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix
it to any instrument requiring it, and, when so affixed, the seal may be attested by his or her signature or that of an Assistant Secretary.
The Secretary shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive
Officer. In the absence of the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary may perform his or her duties and responsibilities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Any Assistant Secretary shall have such powers
and perform such duties as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time designate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;14.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Other
Powers and Duties</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to these By-laws and to such limitations
as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe, the officers of the Corporation shall each have such powers and duties as generally
pertain to their respective offices, as well as such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred by the Board of Directors
or the Chief Executive Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;15.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Representation
of Shares of Other Corporations</U>. The Chairperson of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary or
Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, or any other person authorized by the Board of Directors or the President or a Vice President,
is authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of the Corporation all rights incident to any and all securities of any other
entity or entities standing in the name of the Corporation. The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person directly
or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person having the authority.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;16.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Bonded
Officers</U>. The Board of Directors may require any officer to give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties
as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may specify, including without
limitation a bond for the faithful performance of his or her duties and for the restoration to the Corporation of all property in his
or her possession or under his or her control belonging to the Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Article&nbsp;IV</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Capital Stock</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certificates
of Stock</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Each stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate
of the capital stock of the Corporation in such form as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors. Such certificate
shall be signed by any two authorized officers of the Corporation. The Corporation seal and the signatures by the Corporation&rsquo;s
officers, the transfer agent or the registrar may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose
facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such
certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar
at the time of its issue. Every certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer and every certificate
issued when the Corporation is authorized to issue more than one class or series of stock shall contain such legend with respect thereto
as is required by law. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may provide by resolution
or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares (except that the foregoing
shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation), and by the approval
and adoption of these Bylaws the Board of Directors has determined that all classes or series of the Corporation&rsquo;s stock may be
uncertificated, whether upon original issuance, re-issuance, or subsequent transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfers</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to any restrictions on transfer and unless
otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, shares of stock that are represented by a certificate may be transferred on the books of
the Corporation by the surrender to the Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate theretofore properly endorsed or accompanied
by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, with transfer stamps (if necessary) affixed, and with such proof of the
authenticity of signature as the Corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require. Shares of stock that are not represented by
a certificate may be transferred on the books of the Corporation by submitting to the Corporation or its transfer agent such evidence
of transfer and following such other procedures as the Corporation or its transfer agent may require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Stock
Transfer Agreements</U>. The Corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any
one or more classes of stock of the Corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of any one or more classes
owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Record
Holders</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as may otherwise be required by law, by
the Certificate or by these By-laws, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the
owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect thereto, regardless of any
transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the Corporation in accordance
with the requirements of these By-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;5.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Record
Date</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In order that the Corporation may determine the
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof or entitled to receive payment
of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion
or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall
not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date: (a)&nbsp;in
the case of determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, shall, unless otherwise required by law, not
be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10)&nbsp;days before the date of such meeting and (b)&nbsp;in the case of any other action,
shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to such other action. If no record date is fixed: (i)&nbsp;the record date for determining
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding
the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting
is held and (ii)&nbsp;the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day
on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Replacement
of Certificates</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In case of the alleged loss, destruction or mutilation
of a certificate of stock of the Corporation, a duplicate certificate may be issued in place thereof, upon such terms as the Board of
Directors may prescribe.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Article&nbsp;V</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Indemnification</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Definitions</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this Article&nbsp;V:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Director&rdquo;
means any person who serves or has served the Corporation as a director on the Board of Directors of the Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Officer&rdquo;
means any person who serves or has served the Corporation as an officer appointed by the Board of Directors of the Corporation;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Non-Officer
Employee&rdquo; means any person who serves or has served as an employee of the Corporation, but who is not or was not a Director or Officer;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Proceeding&rdquo;
means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, inquiry, investigation,
administrative hearing or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative or investigative;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Expenses&rdquo;
means all reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of expert witnesses, private investigators
and professional advisors (including, without limitation, accountants and investment bankers), travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing
and binding costs, costs of preparation of demonstrative evidence and other courtroom presentation aids and devices, costs incurred in
connection with document review, organization, imaging and computerization, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all
other disbursements, costs or expenses of the type customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute
or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in, settling or otherwise participating in, a Proceeding;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Corporate
Status&rdquo; describes the status of a person who (i)&nbsp;in the case of a Director, is or was a director of the Corporation and is
or was acting in such capacity, (ii)&nbsp;in the case of an Officer, is or was an officer, employee, trustee or agent of the Corporation
or is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan
or other enterprise which such Officer is or was serving at the request of the Corporation, and (iii)&nbsp;in the case of a Non-Officer
Employee, is or was an employee of the Corporation or is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of any other corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which such Non-Officer Employee is or was serving at the request of the
Corporation. For purposes of subsection (ii)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;1(f), an officer or director of the Corporation who is serving
as a director, partner, trustee, officer, employee or agent of a Subsidiary shall be deemed to be serving at the request of the Corporation;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Disinterested
Director&rdquo; means, with respect to each Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought hereunder, a Director of the Corporation
who is not and was not a party to such Proceeding; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;Subsidiary&rdquo;
shall mean any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other entity of which the Corporation owns
(either directly or through or together with another Subsidiary of the Corporation) either (i)&nbsp;a general partner, managing member
or other similar interest or (ii)&nbsp;(A)&nbsp;50% or more of the voting power of the voting capital equity interests of such corporation,
partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or other entity, or (B)&nbsp;50% or more of the outstanding voting capital stock
or other voting equity interests of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or other entity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Indemnification
of Directors and Officers</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Subject
to the operation of Section&nbsp;4 of this Article&nbsp;V, each Director and Officer shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation
to the fullest extent authorized by the DGCL, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment,
only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation
to provide prior to such amendment), and to the extent authorized in this Section&nbsp;2.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Actions,
Suits and Proceedings Other than By or In the Right of the Corporation</U>. Each Director and Officer shall be indemnified and held harmless
by the Corporation against any and all Expenses and Liabilities that are incurred or paid by such Director or Officer or on such Director&rsquo;s
or Officer&rsquo;s behalf in connection with any Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein (other than an action by or in the right
of the Corporation), which such Director or Officer is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in by reason of such Director&rsquo;s
or Officer&rsquo;s Corporate Status, if such Director or Officer acted in good faith and in a manner such Director or Officer reasonably
believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable
cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Actions,
Suits and Proceedings By or In the Right of the Corporation</U>. Each Director and Officer shall be indemnified and held harmless by the
Corporation against any and all Expenses that are incurred by such Director or Officer or on such Director&rsquo;s or Officer&rsquo;s
behalf in connection with any Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein by or in the right of the Corporation, which such Director
or Officer is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in by reason of such Director&rsquo;s or Officer&rsquo;s Corporate
Status, if such Director or Officer acted in good faith and in a manner such Director or Officer reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to the best interests of the Corporation; provided, however, that no indemnification shall be made under this Section&nbsp;2(a)(2)&nbsp;in
respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such Director or Officer shall have been finally adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction
to be liable to the Corporation, unless, and only to the extent that, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or another court
in which such Proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite adjudication of liability, but in view of all the
circumstances of the case, such Director or Officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification for such Expenses that such court
deems proper.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Survival
of Rights</U>. The rights of indemnification provided by this Section&nbsp;2 shall continue as to a Director or Officer after he or she
has ceased to be a Director or Officer and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors, administrators and personal representatives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Actions
by Directors or Officers</U>. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall indemnify any Director or Officer seeking indemnification
in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such Director or Officer only if such Proceeding (including any parts of such Proceeding
not initiated by such Director or Officer) was authorized in advance by the Board of Directors, unless such Proceeding was brought to
enforce such Officer&rsquo;s or Director&rsquo;s rights to indemnification or, in the case of Directors, advancement of Expenses under
these By-laws in accordance with the provisions set forth herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Indemnification
of Non-Officer Employees</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the operation of Section&nbsp;4 of this
Article&nbsp;V, each Non-Officer Employee may, in the discretion of the Board of Directors, be indemnified by the Corporation to the fullest
extent authorized by the DGCL, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, against any or all Expenses and Liabilities that are incurred
by such Non-Officer Employee or on such Non-Officer Employee&rsquo;s behalf in connection with any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding,
or any claim, issue or matter therein, which such Non-Officer Employee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in by
reason of such Non-Officer Employee&rsquo;s Corporate Status, if such Non-Officer Employee acted in good faith and in a manner such Non-Officer
Employee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal proceeding,
had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The rights of indemnification provided by this Section&nbsp;3 shall
exist as to a Non-Officer Employee after he or she has ceased to be a Non-Officer Employee and shall inure to the benefit of his or her
heirs, personal representatives, executors and administrators. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation may indemnify any Non-Officer
Employee seeking indemnification in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such Non-Officer Employee only if such Proceeding was authorized
in advance by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Determination</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless ordered by a court, no indemnification shall
be provided pursuant to this Article&nbsp;V to a Director, to an Officer or to a Non-Officer Employee unless a determination shall have
been made that such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests
of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, such person had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was
unlawful. Such determination shall be made by (a)&nbsp;a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, even though less than a quorum
of the Board of Directors, (b)&nbsp;a committee comprised of Disinterested Directors, such committee having been designated by a majority
vote of the Disinterested Directors (even though less than a quorum), (c)&nbsp;if there are no such Disinterested Directors, or if a majority
of Disinterested Directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (d)&nbsp;by the stockholders of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;5.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Advancement
of Expenses to Directors Prior to Final Disposition</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Corporation shall advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of any Director in connection with any Proceeding in which such Director
is involved by reason of such Director&rsquo;s Corporate Status within thirty (30) days after the receipt by the Corporation of a written
statement from such Director requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such
Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by such Director and shall be preceded or accompanied
by an undertaking by or on behalf of such Director to repay any Expenses so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such Director
is not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation shall advance all Expenses incurred
by or on behalf of any Director seeking advancement of expenses hereunder in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such Director only
if such Proceeding (including any parts of such Proceeding not initiated by such Director) was (i)&nbsp;authorized by the Board of Directors,
or (ii)&nbsp;brought to enforce such Director&rsquo;s rights to indemnification or advancement of Expenses under these Bylaws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
a claim for advancement of Expenses hereunder by a Director is not paid in full by the Corporation within thirty (30) days after receipt
by the Corporation of documentation of Expenses and the required undertaking, such Director may at any time thereafter bring suit against
the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, such Director shall also be entitled
to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such claim. The failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors or any committee thereof,
independent legal counsel, or stockholders) to make a determination concerning the permissibility of such advancement of Expenses under
this Article&nbsp;V shall not be a defense to an action brought by a Director for recovery of the unpaid amount of an advancement claim
and shall not create a presumption that such advancement is not permissible. The burden of proving that a Director is not entitled to
an advancement of expenses shall be on the Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall
be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that the Director has not met any applicable standard for indemnification
set forth in the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Advancement
of Expenses to Officers and Non-Officer Employees Prior to Final Disposition</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Corporation may, at the discretion of the Board of Directors , advance any or all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of any Officer or
any Non-Officer Employee in connection with any Proceeding in which such person is involved by reason of his or her Corporate Status as
an Officer or Non-Officer Employee upon the receipt by the Corporation of a statement or statements from such Officer or Non-Officer Employee
requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement
or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by such Officer or Non-Officer Employee and shall be preceded or accompanied
by an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay any Expenses so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such Officer
or Non-Officer Employee is not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall
be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that the Officer or Non-Officer Employee has not met any applicable standard
for indemnification set forth in the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;7.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Contractual
Nature of Rights</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
provisions of this Article&nbsp;V shall be deemed to be a contract between the Corporation and each Director and Officer entitled to the
benefits hereof at any time while this Article&nbsp;V is in effect, in consideration of such person&rsquo;s past or current and any future
performance of services for the Corporation. Neither amendment, repeal or modification of any provision of this Article&nbsp;V nor the
adoption of any provision of the Certificate inconsistent with this Article&nbsp;V shall eliminate or reduce any right conferred by this
Article&nbsp;V in respect of any act or omission occurring, or any cause of action or claim that accrues or arises or any state of facts
existing, at the time of or before such amendment, repeal, modification or adoption of an inconsistent provision (even in the case of
a proceeding based on such a state of facts that is commenced after such time), and all rights to indemnification and advancement of Expenses
granted herein or arising out of any act or omission shall vest at the time of the act or omission in question, regardless of when or
if any proceeding with respect to such act or omission is commenced. The rights to indemnification and to advancement of expenses provided
by, or granted pursuant to, this Article&nbsp;V shall continue notwithstanding that the person has ceased to be a director or officer
of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the estate, heirs, executors, administrators, legatees and distributes of such person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
a claim for indemnification hereunder by a Director or Officer is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty (60) days after receipt
by the Corporation of a written claim for indemnification, such Director or Officer may at any time thereafter bring suit against the
Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim, and if successful in whole or in part, such Director or Officer shall also be entitled
to be paid the expenses of prosecuting such claim. The failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors or any committee thereof,
independent legal counsel, or stockholders) to make a determination concerning the permissibility of such indemnification under this Article&nbsp;V
shall not be a defense to an action brought by a Director or Officer for recovery of the unpaid amount of an indemnification claim and
shall not create a presumption that such indemnification is not permissible. The burden of proving that a Director or Officer is not entitled
to indemnification shall be on the Corporation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
any suit brought by a Director or Officer to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder, it shall be a defense that such Director or
Officer has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;8.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Non-Exclusivity
of Rights</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The rights to indemnification and to advancement
of Expenses set forth in this Article&nbsp;V shall not be exclusive of any other right which any Director, Officer, or Non-Officer Employee
may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate or these By-laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or Disinterested
Directors or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;9.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Insurance</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its
expense, to protect itself and any Director, Officer or Non-Officer Employee against any liability of any character asserted against or
incurred by the Corporation or any such Director, Officer or Non-Officer Employee, or arising out of any such person&rsquo;s Corporate
Status, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the DGCL or the provisions
of this Article&nbsp;V.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;10.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Other
Indemnification</U>. The Corporation&rsquo;s obligation, if any, to indemnify or provide advancement of Expenses to any person under this
Article&nbsp;V as a result of such person serving, at the request of the Corporation, as a director, partner, trustee, officer, employee
or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall be reduced by any
amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of Expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or enterprise (the &ldquo;Primary Indemnitor&rdquo;). Any indemnification or advancement of Expenses under
this Article&nbsp;V owed by the Corporation as a result of a person serving, at the request of the Corporation, as a director, partner,
trustee, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise
shall only be in excess of, and shall be secondary to, the indemnification or advancement of Expenses available from the applicable Primary
Indemnitor(s)&nbsp;and any applicable insurance policies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;11.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Savings
Clause</U>. If this Article&nbsp;V or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then
the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Indemnitee as to any expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys&rsquo; fees),
liabilities, losses, judgments, fines (including, without limitation, excise taxes and penalties arising under the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended) and amounts paid in settlement in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation,
whether civil, criminal or administrative, including, without limitation, an action by or in the right of the Corporation, to the fullest
extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article&nbsp;V that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted
by applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Article&nbsp;VI</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Miscellaneous Provisions</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;1.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Fiscal
Year</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be determined
by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;2.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Seal</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors shall have power to adopt
and alter the seal of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;3.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Execution
of Instruments</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All deeds, leases, transfers, contracts, bonds,
notes and other obligations to be entered into by the Corporation in the ordinary course of its business without director action may be
executed on behalf of the Corporation by the Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected, the President or the Treasurer or any other
officer, employee or agent of the Corporation as the Board of Directors or the executive committee of the Board of Directors may authorize.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;4.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Voting
of Securities</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless the Board of Directors otherwise provides,
the Chairperson of the Board, if one is elected, the President or the Treasurer may waive notice of and act on behalf of this Corporation,
or appoint another person or persons to act as proxy or attorney in fact for this Corporation with or without discretionary power and/or
power of substitution, at any meeting of stockholders or shareholders of any other corporation or organization, any of whose securities
are held by this Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;5.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Resident
Agent</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors may appoint a resident agent
upon whom legal process may be served in any action or proceeding against the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;6.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Corporate
Records</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The original or attested copies of the Certificate,
By-laws and records of all meetings of the incorporators, stockholders and the Board of Directors and the stock transfer books, which
shall contain the names of all stockholders, their record addresses and the amount of stock held by each, may be kept outside the State
of Delaware and shall be kept at the principal office of the Corporation, at the an office of its counsel, at an office of its transfer
agent or at such other place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;7.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certificate</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">All references in these By-laws to the Certificate
shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate, as amended and/or restated and in effect from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;8.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Exclusive
Jurisdiction of Delaware Courts or the United States Federal District Courts</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the
selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i)&nbsp;any
derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim of, or a claim based on,
a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer or other employee or stockholder of the Corporation to the
Corporation or the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders, (iii)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the
DGCL or the Certificate or these Bylaws (including the interpretation, validity or enforceability thereof) or as to which the DGCL confers
jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs
doctrine; provided, however, that this sentence will not apply to any causes of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
or the Exchange Act, or to any claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Unless the Corporation consents in writing
to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive
forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Exchange Act,
or the respective rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder. To the</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">fullest extent permitted by law, any person or
entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of
and consented to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;8.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;9.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendment
of By-laws</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Amendment by Directors</U>. Except as provided
otherwise by law, these By-laws may be amended or repealed by the Board of Directors by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors
then in office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendment
by Stockholders</U>. Except as otherwise provided herein, the By-laws of the Corporation may be amended or repealed at any Annual Meeting,
or special meeting of stockholders called for such purpose, by the affirmative vote of at least not less than two-thirds (2/3) of the
outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on such amendment or repeal, voting together as a single class; provided, however,
that if the Board of Directors recommends that stockholders approve such amendment or repeal at such meeting of stockholders, such amendment
or repeal shall only require the affirmative vote of the majority of outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on such amendment
or repeal, voting together as a single class.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;10.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notices</U>.
If mailed, notice to stockholders shall be deemed given when deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such
stockholder&rsquo;s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may
be given to stockholders, any notice to stockholders may be given by electronic transmission in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;232
of the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECTION&nbsp;11.</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Waivers</U>.
A written waiver of any notice, signed by a stockholder or director, or waiver by electronic transmission by such person, whether given
before or after the time of the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to the notice required to be given
to such person. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting need be specified in such a waiver.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Adopted April&nbsp;24, 2024 and effective as of April&nbsp;24, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>plug-20240424_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139656316360240">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 24, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 24,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-34392<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Plug Power Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001093691<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">22-3672377<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">968 Albany Shaker Road<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Latham<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">12110<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">518<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">782-7700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">PLUG<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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