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FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair Value Hierarchy
ASC 820-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The topic describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
•
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
•
Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•
Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
Securities Available-for-Sale: The fair values of securities available-for-sale are generally determined by quoted market prices in active markets, if available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, the Company primarily employs independent pricing services that utilize pricing models to calculate fair value. Such fair value measurements consider observable data such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, yield curves, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and respective terms and conditions for debt instruments. The Company employs procedures to monitor the pricing service's assumptions and establishes processes to challenge the pricing service's valuations that appear unusual or unexpected. Level 2 securities include U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) loan pool securities, U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise (GSE) residential mortgage-backed securities, non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities, non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations, and corporate debt securities. When a market is illiquid or there is a lack of transparency around the inputs to valuation, including at least one unobservable input, the securities are classified as Level 3 and reliance is placed upon internally developed models, and management judgment and evaluation for valuation. The Company had no securities available-for-sale classified as Level 3 at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.
Loans Held-for-Sale, Carried at Fair Value: The fair value of loans held-for-sale is based on commitments outstanding from investors as well as what secondary market investors are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics, except for loans that are repurchased out of GNMA loan pools that become severely delinquent which are valued based on an internal model that estimates the expected loss the Company will incur on these loans. Loans previously sold to GNMA that are delinquent more than 90 days are subject to a repurchase option when that condition exists. These loans are re-recognized at fair value and offset by a secured borrowing, as the loans are still legally owned by GNMA but failed sale accounting treatment under GAAP due to the repurchase option. Loans held-for-sale subject to recurring fair value adjustments are classified as Level 2 or, in the case of loans repurchased, Level 3. The fair value includes the servicing value of the loans as well as any
accrued interest. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no loans that were delinquent more than 90 days and eligible to be repurchased out of GNMA loan pools.
Derivative Assets and Liabilities:
Interest Rate Swaps and Caps.
The Company offers interest rate swaps and caps products to certain loan customers to allow them to hedge the risk of rising interest rates on their variable rate loans. The Company originates a variable rate loan and enters into a variable-to-fixed interest rate swap with the customer. The Company also enters into an offsetting swap with a correspondent bank. These back-to-back agreements are intended to offset each other and allow the Company to originate a variable rate loan, while providing a contract for fixed interest payments for the customer. The net cash flow for the Company is equal to the interest income received from a variable rate loan originated with the customer. The fair value of these derivatives is based on a discounted cash flow approach. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts, the valuation of interest rate swaps is classified as Level 2.
The Company may use interest rate swaps to offset variability in the fair values of investment securities resulting from changes in market interest rates. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company partially hedged the fair value of the MBS portfolio using interest rate swaps. At the end of the quarter, the Company took advantage of the decline in long-term interest rates and sold the majority of the MBS portfolio and unwound the majority of the interest rate swaps. 
Foreign Exchange Contracts. 
The Company offers short-term foreign exchange contracts to its customers to purchase and/or sell foreign currencies at set rates in the future. These products allow customers to hedge the foreign exchange rate risk of their deposits and loans denominated in foreign currencies. In conjunction with these products the Company also enters into offsetting contracts with institutional counterparties to hedge the Company’s foreign exchange rate risk. These back-to-back contracts allow the Company to offer its customers foreign exchange products while minimizing its exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. The fair value of these instruments is determined at each reporting period based on the change in the foreign exchange rate. Given the short-term nature of the contracts, the counterparties’ credit risks are considered nominal and resulted in no adjustments to the valuation of the short-term foreign exchange contracts. Due to the observable nature of the inputs used in deriving the fair value of these derivative contracts, the valuation of these contracts is classified as Level 2.
The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurement Level
($ in thousands)
 
Carrying Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA loan pools securities
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
40,374

 
—

 
40,374

 
—

Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
277

 
—

 
277

 
—

Collateralized loan obligations
 
735,011

 
—

 
735,011

 
—

Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value
 
23,936

 
—

 
3,431

 
20,505

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps (1)
 
4,773

 
—

 
4,773

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts (1)
 
36

 
—

 
36

 
—

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps (2)
 
5,198

 
—

 
5,198

 
—

Interest rate swaps and caps - mortgage-backed securities(3)
 
325

 
—

 
325

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts (2)
 
30

 
—

 
30

 
—

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA loan pools securities
 
$
910

 
$
—

 
$
910

 
$
—

U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise residential mortgage-backed securities
 
437,442

 
—

 
437,442

 
—

Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities
 
427

 
—

 
427

 
—

Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
132,199

 
—

 
132,199

 
—

Collateralized loan obligations
 
1,421,522

 
—

 
1,421,522

 
—

Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value (4)
 
27,180

 
—

 
2,140

 
25,040

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps (1)
 
1,534

 
—

 
1,534

 
—

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps and caps (2)
 
1,600

 
—

 
1,600

 
—


(1)
Included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(2)
Included in Accrued expenses and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(3)
Included in Securities available-for-sale in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(4)
Includes loans held-for-sale carried at fair value of $19.5 million ($2.1 million at Level 2 and $17.4 million at Level 3) of discontinued operations, which are included in Assets of Discontinued Operations in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The following table presents a reconciliation of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), on a consolidated operations basis, for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Loans repurchased from GNMA Loan Pools (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
21,075

 
$
33,234

 
$
25,040

 
$
98,940

Total gains (losses) (realized/unrealized):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings—fair value adjustment
 
2

 
(22
)
 
(1
)
 
(276
)
Additions
 
406

 
711

 
406

 
28,096

Sales, settlements, and other
 
(978
)
 
(8,167
)
 
(4,940
)
 
(101,004
)
Balance at end of period
 
$
20,505

 
$
25,756

 
$
20,505

 
$
25,756


(1)
Includes loans repurchased from GNMA Loan Pools of discontinued operations, which is included in Assets of Discontinued Operations in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, of zero and $20.9 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 and $17.3 million and $32.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 in balance at beginning of period, and zero and $17.7 million, respectively, for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 in balance at end of period.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's loans repurchased from GNMA loan pools at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 included an expected loss rate of 1.55 percent for insured loans and 20.00 percent for uninsured loans. There may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results.
Fair Value Option
Loans Held-for-Sale, Carried at Fair Value: The Company elected the fair value option for certain SFR mortgage loans held-for-sale. Electing to measure SFR mortgage loans held-for-sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in the value of these assets with changes in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges for these assets. The Company also elected to record loans repurchased from GNMA at fair value, as the Company intends to sell them after curing any defects and, accordingly, they are classified as held-for-sale. Loans previously sold to GNMA that are delinquent more than 90 days are subject to a repurchase option when that condition exists. These loans are re-recognized at fair value and offset by a secured borrowing, as the loans are still legally owned by GNMA.
The following table presents the fair value and aggregate principal balance of certain assets, on a consolidated operations basis, under the fair value option:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Difference
 
Fair Value
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Difference
Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value in continuing operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
 
$
23,936

 
$
24,746

 
$
(810
)
 
$
7,690

 
$
7,906

 
$
(216
)
Non-accrual loans (1)
 
8,203

 
8,436

 
(233
)
 
2,427

 
2,538

 
(111
)
Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value in discontinued operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
19,490

 
$
20,027

 
$
(537
)
Non-accrual loans (2)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,430

 
8,496

 
(66
)
(1)
Includes loans guaranteed by the U.S. government of $7.2 million and $1.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(2)
Includes loans guaranteed by the U.S. government of zero and $7.6 million, respectively, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
There were no loans held-for-sale that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
The assets accounted for under the fair value option are initially measured at fair value. Gains and losses from initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. The following table presents changes in fair value related to initial measurement and subsequent changes in fair value included in earnings for these assets measured at fair
value for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net gains from fair value changes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gain on sale of loans (continuing operations)
 
$
17

 
$
11

 
$
77

 
$
198

Net revenue on mortgage banking activities (discontinued operations)
 
—

 
30

 
—

 
127


Changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Interest income on loans held-for-sale under the fair value option is measured based on the contractual interest rate and reported in interest income on loans, including fees and income from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations.
Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis
Impaired Loans: The fair value of impaired loans with specific allocations of the ALLL based on collateral is generally based on recent real estate appraisals and automated valuation models (AVMs). These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically deemed significant unobservable inputs used for determining fair value and result in a Level 3 classification.
The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of the dates indicated:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurement Level
($ in thousands)
 
Carrying Value
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
15,690

 
—

 
—

 
$
15,690

SBA
 
1,518

 
—

 
—

 
1,518

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SBA
 
$
226

 
—

 
—

 
$
226


The following table presents the gain (losses) recognized on assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single family residential mortgage
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(490
)
 
$
(115
)
Commercial and industrial
 
—

 
(219
)
 
—

 
(511
)
SBA
 
—

 
1

 
(46
)
 
(379
)
Other consumer
 
—

 
—

 
(88
)
 
(141
)

Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities, on a consolidated operations basis, as of the dates indicated:
 
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value Measurement Level
($ in thousands)
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
526,874

 
$
526,874

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
526,874

Securities available-for-sale
 
775,662

 
—

 
775,662

 
—

 
775,662

Federal Home Loan Bank and other bank stock
 
71,679

 
—

 
71,679

 
—

 
71,679

Loans held-for-sale, carried at fair value
 
23,936

 
—

 
3,431

 
20,505

 
23,936

Loans receivable, net of ALLL
 
6,320,332

 
—

 
—

 
6,280,331

 
6,280,331

Accrued interest receivable
 
27,598

 
27,598

 
—

 
—

 
27,598

Derivative assets
 
4,809

 
—

 
4,809

 
—

 
4,809

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
5,770,058

 
—

 
—

 
5,700,325

 
5,700,325

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank
 
1,650,000

 
—

 
1,681,331

 
—

 
1,681,331

Long term debt
 
173,339

 
—

 
182,457

 
—

 
182,457

Derivative liabilities
 
5,553

 
—

 
5,553

 
—

 
5,553

Accrued interest payable
 
9,112

 
9,112

 
—

 
—

 
9,112

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
391,592

 
$
391,592

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
391,592

Securities available-for-sale
 
1,992,500

 
—

 
1,992,500

 
—

 
1,992,500

Federal Home Loan Bank and other bank stock
 
68,094

 
—

 
68,094

 
—

 
68,094

Loans held-for-sale (1)
 
27,606

 
—

 
2,566

 
25,040

 
27,606

Loans receivable, net of allowance
 
7,638,681

 
—

 
—

 
7,513,910

 
7,513,910

Accrued interest receivable
 
38,807

 
38,807

 
—

 
—

 
38,807

Derivative assets
 
1,534

 
—

 
1,534

 
—

 
1,534

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
7,916,644

 
—

 
—

 
7,689,324

 
7,689,324

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank
 
1,520,000

 
—

 
1,517,761

 
—

 
1,517,761

Long-term debt
 
173,174

 
—

 
174,059

 
—

 
174,059

Derivative liabilities
 
1,600

 
—

 
1,600

 
—

 
1,600

Accrued interest payable
 
13,253

 
13,253

 
—

 
—

 
13,253

(1)
Includes loans held-for-sale carried at fair value of $19.5 million ($2.1 million at Level 2 and $17.4 million at Level 3) of discontinued operations.