The following table presents the balances in our loan portfolio as of the dates indicated:



($ in thousands)	Traditional Loans			NTM Loans			Total Loans Receivable
December 31, 2019
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,691,270		$	—		$	1,691,270
Commercial real estate	818,817			—			818,817
Multifamily	1,494,528			—			1,494,528
SBA	70,981			—			70,981
Construction	231,350			—			231,350
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	992,417			598,357			1,590,774
Other consumer	51,866			2,299			54,165
Total loans (1)	$	5,351,229		$	600,656		$	5,951,885
Percentage to total loans	89.9		%	10.1		%	100.0		%
Allowance for loan losses							(57,649		)
Loans receivable, net							$	5,894,236
December 31, 2018
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,944,142		$	—		$	1,944,142
Commercial real estate	867,013			—			867,013
Multifamily	2,241,246			—			2,241,246
SBA	68,741			—			68,741
Construction	203,976			—			203,976
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	1,481,172			824,318			2,305,490
Other consumer	67,852			2,413			70,265
Total loans (1)	$	6,874,142		$	826,731		$	7,700,873
Percentage to total loans	89.3		%	10.7		%	100.0		%
Allowance for loan losses							(62,192		)
Loans receivable, net							$	7,638,681

We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. We perform historical loss analysis that is combined with a comprehensive loan to value analysis to analyze the associated risks in the current loan portfolio. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes all loans delinquent over 60 days and non-homogeneous loans such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. We use the following definitions for risk ratings:

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

The following table presents the risk categories for total loans as of December 31, 2019:



	December 31, 2019
($ in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
NTM loans:
Single family residential mortgage	$	579,548	$	5,790	$	13,019	$	—	$	598,357
Other consumer	2,299		—		—		—		2,299
Total NTM loans	581,847		5,790		13,019		—		600,656
Traditional loans:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	1,580,269		45,323		65,678		—		1,691,270
Commercial real estate	813,846		2,532		2,439		—		818,817
Multifamily	1,484,931		4,256		5,341		—		1,494,528
SBA	60,982		2,760		5,621		1,618		70,981
Construction	229,771		1,579		—		—		231,350
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	979,705		4,945		7,250		517		992,417
Other consumer	51,032		346		488		—		51,866
Total traditional loans	5,200,536		61,741		86,817		2,135		5,351,229
Total loans	$	5,782,383	$	67,531	$	99,836	$	2,135	$	5,951,885

The following table presents the risk categories for total loans as of December 31, 2018:



	December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention			Substandard		Doubtful		Total
NTM loans:
Single family residential mortgage	$	811,056	$	10,966		$	2,296	$	—	$	824,318
Other consumer	2,413		—			—		—		2,413
Total NTM loans	813,469		10,966			2,296		—		826,731
Traditional loans:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	1,859,569		41,302			43,271		—		1,944,142
Commercial real estate	851,604		11,376			4,033		—		867,013
Multifamily	2,239,301		—			1,945		—		2,241,246
SBA	53,433		6,114			8,340		854		68,741
Construction	197,851		3,606			2,519		—		203,976
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	1,461,721		2,602			16,849		—		1,481,172
Other consumer	66,228		979			645		—		67,852
Total traditional loans	6,729,707		65,979			77,602		854		6,874,142
Total loans	$	7,543,176	$	76,945	—	$	79,898	$	854	$	7,700,873

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2019, excluding accrued interest receivable (which is not considered to be material), by class of loans:



	December 31, 2019
($ in thousands)	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
NTM loans:
Single family residential mortgage	$	3,973	$	3,535	$	13,019	$	20,527	$	577,830	$	598,357
Other consumer	—		—		—		—		2,299		2,299
Total NTM loans	3,973		3,535		13,019		20,527		580,129		600,656
Traditional loans:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	780		5,670		3,862		10,312		1,680,958		1,691,270
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		818,817		818,817
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		1,494,528		1,494,528
SBA	586		842		2,152		3,580		67,401		70,981
Construction	—		—		—		—		231,350		231,350
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	13,752		3,496		5,606		22,854		969,563		992,417
Other consumer	199		40		95		334		51,532		51,866
Total traditional loans	15,317		10,048		11,715		37,080		5,314,149		5,351,229
Total loans	$	19,290	$	13,583	$	24,734	$	57,607	$	5,894,278	$	5,951,885

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2018, excluding accrued interest receivable (which is not considered to be material), by class of loans:



	December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		Greater than 89 Days Past due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
NTM loans:
Single family residential mortgage	$	7,430	$	617	$	—	$	8,047	$	816,271	$	824,318
Other consumer	—		—		—		—		2,413		2,413
Total NTM loans	7,430		617		—		8,047		818,684		826,731
Traditional loans:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	350		1,596		3,340		5,286		1,938,856		1,944,142
Commercial real estate	—		582		—		582		866,431		867,013
Multifamily	356		—		—		356		2,240,890		2,241,246
SBA	551		77		862		1,490		67,251		68,741
Construction	—		939		—		939		203,037		203,976
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	7,321		3,160		9,198		19,679		1,461,493		1,481,172
Other consumer	3,132		573		446		4,151		63,701		67,852
Total traditional loans	11,710		6,927		13,846		32,483		6,841,659		6,874,142
Total loans	$	19,140	$	7,544	$	13,846	$	40,530	$	7,660,343	$	7,700,873

The following table presents the composition of non-accrual loans as of the dates indicated:



	December 31,
	2019						2018
($ in thousands)	NTM Loans		Traditional Loans		Total		NTM Loans		Traditional Loans		Total
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	19,114	$	19,114	$	—	$	5,455	$	5,455
SBA	—		5,230		5,230		—		2,574		2,574
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	13,019		5,606		18,625		—		12,929		12,929
Other consumer	—		385		385		—		627		627
Total	$	13,019	$	30,335	$	43,354	$	—	$	21,585	$	21,585

We have established credit risk management processes that include regular management review of the loan portfolio to identify problem loans. During the ordinary course of business, management becomes aware of borrowers who may not be able to fulfill the contractual payment requirements of the loan agreements. Such loans are subject to increased monitoring. Consideration is given to placing the loan on non-accrual status, assessing the need for additional ALL, and partial or full charge-off of the principal balance. We maintain the ALL at a level that is considered adequate to cover the estimated incurred loss in the loan portfolio.

We also maintain a separate reserve for unfunded loan commitments at a level that is considered adequate to cover the estimated incurred loss. The estimated funding of the loan commitments and credit risk factors determined based on outstanding loans that share similar credit risk exposure are used to determine the adequacy of the reserve. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $4.1 million and $4.6 million and is reported in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The credit risk monitoring system is designed to identify impaired and potential problem loans, and to perform periodic evaluation of impairment and the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses in a timely manner. In addition, the Board of Directors of the Bank has adopted a credit policy that includes a credit review and control system that it believes should be effective in ensuring that we maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses. The Board of Directors also provides oversight and guidance for management’s allowance evaluation process. Management concluded these products represented unique credit and risk characteristics to warrant separate segmentation. Additionally, management enhanced the methodology in the areas of qualitative adjustments, and performed an annual update of the loss emergence period. These updates were designed to be systematic, transparent, and repeatable. None of the updates and enhancements made to the ALL methodology had a material impact on the reserve.

The following table presents a summary of activity in the ALL for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Balance at beginning of year	$	62,192		$	49,333		$	40,444
Loans charged-off	(41,766		)	(18,499		)	(5,581		)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	836			1,143			771
Net charge-offs	(40,930		)	(17,356		)	(4,810		)
Provision for loan losses	36,387			30,215			13,699
Balance at end of year	$	57,649		$	62,192		$	49,333

During 2019 we recorded $41.8 million in charge-offs including a $35.1 million charge-off of a line of credit originated in November 2017 to a borrower purportedly the subject of a fraudulent scheme. This charge-off increased the loss factor used in our allowance for loan loss for commercial and industrial loans, resulting in an additional loan loss provision of $3.0 million based on the composition of the loan portfolio. On October 22, 2019, in connection with this matter, the Bank filed a complaint in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (Case CV '19 02031 GPC KSC) seeking to recover its losses and other monetary damages against Chicago Title Insurance Company and Chicago Title Company, asserting claims under RICO, 18 U.S.C § 1962 and for RICO Conspiracy, Fraud, Aiding and Abetting Fraud, Negligent Misrepresentation, Breach of Fiduciary Duty and Negligence. We are actively considering and pursuing available sources of recovery and other potential means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in that regard.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded a charge-off of $13.9 million, which reflected the outstanding balance under a $15.0 million line of credit that was originated during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Subsequent to the granting of the line of credit, representations from the borrower in applying for the line of credit were determined by the Bank to be false, and third party bank account statements provided by the borrower to secure the line of credit were found to be fraudulent. The line of credit was granted after the borrower appeared to have satisfied a pre-condition that the line of credit be fully cash collateralized and secured by a bank account at a third party financial institution pledged to the Bank. As part of the Bank’s credit review and portfolio management process, the line of credit and disbursements were reviewed subsequent to closing and compliance with the borrower’s covenants was monitored. As part of this process, on March 9, 2018, the Bank received information that caused it to believe the existence of the pledged bank account had been misrepresented by the borrower and that the account had previously been closed. The Bank filed an action in federal court pursuing the borrower and other parties and is also pursuing other available sources of collection and other potential means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that it will be successful in this regard.

The following table presents the activity and balance in the ALL and the recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, in loans by portfolio segment and is based on the impairment method as of or for the year ended December 31, 2019:



($ in thousands)	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Multifamily			SBA			Construction			Lease Financing			Single Family Residential Mortgage			Other Consumer			Total
ALL:
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	18,191		$	6,674		$	17,970		$	1,827		$	3,461		$	—		$	13,128		$	941		$	62,192
Charge-offs	(36,787		)	—			(6		)	(2,121		)	(371		)	—			(2,369		)	(112		)	(41,766		)
Recoveries	138			—			—			217			—			12			150			319			836
Net charge-offs	(36,649		)	—			(6		)	(1,904		)	(371		)	12			(2,219		)	207			(40,930		)
Transfer of loans to held-for-sale	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Provision (reversal of provision)	40,811			(733		)	(6,559		)	3,197			816			(12		)	(423		)	(710		)	36,387
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	22,353		$	5,941		$	11,405		$	3,120		$	3,906		$	—		$	10,486		$	438		$	57,649
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	3,367		$	—		$	—		$	2,045		$	—		$	—		$	574		$	4		$	5,990
Collectively evaluated for impairment	18,986			5,941			11,405			1,075			3,906			—			9,912			434			51,659
Total ending ALL	$	22,353		$	5,941		$	11,405		$	3,120		$	3,906		$	—		$	10,486		$	438		$	57,649
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	20,236		$	—		$	—		$	5,136		$	—		$	—		$	23,657		$	679		$	49,708
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,671,034			818,817			1,494,528			65,845			231,350			—			1,567,117			53,486			5,902,177
Total loans	$	1,691,270		$	818,817		$	1,494,528		$	70,981		$	231,350		$	—		$	1,590,774		$	54,165		$	5,951,885



($ in thousands)	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate		Multifamily			SBA			Construction		Lease Financing			Single Family Residential Mortgage			Other Consumer			Total
ALL:
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	14,280		$	4,971	$	13,265		$	1,701		$	3,318	$	—		$	10,996		$	802		$	49,333
Charge-offs	(1,927		)	—		(14		)	(1,927		)	—		—			(558		)	(14,073		)	(18,499		)
Recoveries	396			—		—			273			—		15			436			23			1,143
Net charge-offs	(1,531		)	—		(14		)	(1,654		)	—		15			(122		)	(14,050		)	(17,356		)
Provision (reversal of provision)	5,442			1,703		4,719			1,780			143		(15		)	2,254			14,189			30,215
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	18,191		$	6,674	$	17,970		$	1,827		$	3,461	$	—		$	13,128		$	941		$	62,192
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	562		$	—	$	—		$	161		$	106		$	829
Collectively evaluated for impairment	18,191			6,674		17,970			1,265			3,461		—			12,967			835			61,363
Total ending ALL	$	18,191		$	6,674	$	17,970		$	1,827		$	3,461	$	—		$	13,128		$	941		$	62,192
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	5,455		$	—	$	—		$	2,376		$	—	$	—		$	18,193		$	921		$	26,945
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,938,687			867,013		2,241,246			66,365			203,976		—			2,287,297			69,344			7,673,928
Total loans	$	1,944,142		$	867,013	$	2,241,246		$	68,741		$	203,976	$	—		$	2,305,490		$	70,265		$	7,700,873

The following table presents information on impaired loans, disaggregated by class, for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019						2018						2017
($ in thousands)	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Cash Basis Interest Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Cash Basis Interest Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Cash Basis Interest Recognized
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	17,263	$	320	$	315	$	5,380	$	4	$	4	$	1,034	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate	145		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
SBA	4,673		15		15		986		4		3		357		—		—
Construction	1,889		—		—		—		—		—		382		—		—
Lease Financing	—		—		—		—		—		—		19		—		—
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	21,198		234		199		19,694		236		199		12,611		199		182
Other consumer	883		13		13		771		12		11		1,757		8		8
Total	$	46,051	$	582	$	542	$	26,831	$	256	$	217	$	16,158	$	207	$	190

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of the dates indicated. The recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, presents client balances net of any partial charge-offs recognized on the loans and net of any deferred fees and costs and any purchase premium or discount.



	December 31,
	2019						2018
($ in thousands)	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Allowance for Loan Losses		Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Allowance for Loan Losses
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	1,471	$	1,460	$	—	$	5,491	$	5,455	$	—
SBA	1,439		1,379		—		1,668		1,588		—
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	19,319		19,405		—		12,115		12,161		—
Other consumer	671		675		—		469		469		—
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	18,776		18,776		3,367		—		—		—
SBA	3,921		3,757		2,045		823		788		562
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	4,213		4,252		574		5,993		6,032		161
Other consumer	4		4		4		468		452		106
Total	$	49,814	$	49,708	$	5,990	$	27,027	$	26,945	$	829

A modification of a loan constitutes a TDR when we, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grant a concession to the borrower that we would not otherwise consider. The concessions may be granted in various forms, including reduction in the stated interest rate, reduction in the amount of principal amortization, forgiveness of a portion of the loan balance or accrued interest, or extension of the maturity date. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under our internal underwriting policy.

Troubled debt restructured loans consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:



	December 31,
	2019						2018
($ in thousands)	NTM Loans		Traditional Loans		Total		NTM Loans		Traditional Loans		Total
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	16,245	$	16,245	$	—	$	2,276	$	2,276
SBA	—		266		266		—		187		187
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	2,638		2,394		5,032		2,668		2,596		5,264
Other consumer	294		—		294		294		—		294
Total	$	2,932	$	18,905	$	21,837	$	2,962	$	5,059	$	8,021

The following table summarizes the pre-modification and post-modification balances of the new TDRs for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					2017
($ in thousands)	Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	12	$	18,512	$	15,865	2	$	171	$	163	1	$	2,706	$	2,706
SBA	2	3,214		869		1	187		187		—	—		—
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	—	—		—		—	—		—		3	2,416		2,433
Total	14	$	21,726	$	16,734	3	$	358	$	350	4	$	5,122	$	5,139

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, there were no loans that were modified as TDRs during the past 12 months that had subsequent payment defaults during the periods. The following table summarizes the TDRs by modification type for the periods indicated:



	Modification Type
	Change in Principal Payments and Interest Rates			Change in Principal Payments			Change in Interest Rates			Chapter 7 Bankruptcy			Other			Total
($ in thousands)	Count	Amount		Count	Amount		Count	Amount		Count	Amount		Count	Amount		Count	Amount
Year ended December 31, 2019
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	12	$	15,865	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	12	$	15,865
SBA	2	869		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		2	869
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Total	14	$	16,734	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	14	$	16,734
Year ended December 31, 2018
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	—	$	—	2	$	163	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	2	$	163
SBA	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		1	187		1	187
Total	—	$	—	2	$	163	—	$	—	—	$	—	1	$	187	3	$	350
Year ended December 31, 2017
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	—	$	—	1	$	2,706	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	1	$	2,706
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	2	1,290		1	1,143		—	—		—	—		—	—		3	2,433
Total	2	$	1,290	2	$	3,849	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	4	$	5,139

The following table presents loans purchased and/or sold by portfolio segment, excluding loans held-for-sale, loans acquired in business combinations or sold in sales of branches and business units, and PCI loans for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019				2018				2017
($ in thousands)	Purchases		Sales		Purchases		Sales		Purchases		Sales
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	—		—		59,481		—		—		—
Other consumer	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	59,481	$	—	$	—	$	—

Loan purchases during the year ended December 31, 2018 were made at a net premium of $2.3 million. For the purchased loans disclosed above, we did not incur any specific allowances for loan losses during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. We determined that it was probable at acquisition that all contractually required payments would be collected.

The following table presents loans transferred from (to) loans held-for-sale by portfolio segment, excluding loans transferred in connection with sales of branches and business units, and PCI loans for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019					2018					2017
($ in thousands)	Transfers from Held-For-Sale		Transfers to Held-For-Sale			Transfers from Held-For-Sale		Transfers to Held-For-Sale			Transfers from Held-For-Sale		Transfers to Held-For-Sale
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	(1,133	)	$	—	$	(3,924	)
Commercial real estate	—		(573		)	—		—			—		(1,329		)
Multifamily	—		(752,087		)	—		(81,449		)	—		(6,583		)
SBA	—		(559		)	—		—			—		(1,865		)
Construction	—		(2,519		)	—		(434		)	—		(1,528		)
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage	—		(383,859		)	—		(289,617		)	88,591		(450,625		)
Other consumer	—		—			—		(4,362		)	—		—
Total	$	—	$	(1,139,597	)	$	—	$	(376,995	)	$	88,591	$	(465,854	)

Included in transfers to loans held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2019 is $573.9 million in multifamily loans from loans held-for-investment related to our completed Freddie Mac multifamily securitization which closed during the third quarter of 2019. The loans included in the securitization had a weighted average coupon of 3.79% and a weighted average term to initial reset of 3.5 years. The related mortgage servicing rights were also sold.

In connection with the securitization, during the second quarter of 2019, we entered into interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional value of $543.4 million to offset variability in the fair value of the related loans as a result of changes in market interest rates. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we realized a loss of $9.0 million related to these swap agreements due to a decline in interest rates since their execution and this was offset by the $8.9 million gross gain realized on the loans sold into the securitization. The swap agreements were closed at the time the loans were sold into the securitization.

Our NTM portfolio is comprised of three interest only products: Green Loans, Interest Only loans and a small number of additional loans with the potential for negative amortization. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the NTM loans totaled $600.7 million, or 10.1% of total loans, and $826.7 million, or 10.7% of total loans, respectively. The total NTM portfolio decreased by $226.1 million, or 27.3%, during the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table presents the composition of the NTM portfolio as of the dates indicated:



	December 31,
	2019						2018
($ in thousands)	Count	Amount			Percent		Count	Amount			Percent
Green Loans (HELOC) - first liens	69	$	49,959		8.3	%	88	$	67,729		8.2	%
Interest only - first liens	376	545,371			90.8	%	519	753,061			91.1	%
Negative amortization	9	3,027			0.5	%	11	3,528			0.4	%
Total NTM - first liens	454	598,357			99.6	%	618	824,318			99.7	%
Green Loans (HELOC) - second liens	7	2,299			0.4	%	10	2,413			0.3	%
Total NTM - second liens	7	2,299			0.4	%	10	2,413			0.3	%
Total NTM loans	461	$	600,656		100.0	%	628	$	826,731		100.0	%
Total loans		$	5,951,885					$	7,700,873
Percentage to total loans		10.1		%				10.7		%

Green Loans are single family residential first and second mortgage lines of credit with a linked checking account that allows all types of deposits and withdrawals to be performed. The loans are generally interest only for a 15-year term with a balloon payment due at maturity. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, Green Loans totaled $52.3 million and $70.1 million. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, $1.5 million and $0 of our Green Loans were non-performing. As a result of their unique payment feature, Green Loans possess higher credit risk due to the potential for negative amortization; however, management believes the risk is mitigated through our loan terms and underwriting standards, including our policies on LTV ratios and our contractual ability to curtail loans when the value of the underlying collateral declines. We discontinued origination of the Green Loans products in 2011.

Interest Only loans are primarily single family residential first mortgage loans with payment features that allow interest only payments in initial periods before converting to a fully amortizing loan. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, Interest Only loans totaled $545.4 million and $753.1 million. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, $11.5 million and $0 of the Interest Only loans were non-performing.

Negative amortization loans totaled $3.0 million and $3.5 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018. We discontinued origination of negative amortization loans in 2007. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, none of the loans with the potential for negative amortization were non-performing. These loans pose a potentially higher credit risk because of the lack of principal amortization and potential for negative amortization; however, management believes the risk is mitigated through the loan terms and underwriting standards, including our policies on LTV ratios.

We proactively manage the NTM portfolio by performing detailed analyses on the portfolio. We have determined that significant performance indicators for NTMs are loan to value (LTV) ratios and FICO scores. Accordingly, we manage credit risk in the NTM portfolio through periodic review of the loan portfolio that includes refreshing FICO scores on the Green Loans and HELOCs, as needed in conjunction with portfolio management, and ordering third party automated valuation models (AVMs). The loan review is designed to provide a method of identifying borrowers who may be experiencing financial difficulty before they actually fail to make a loan payment. Upon receipt of the updated FICO scores, an exception report is run to identify loans with a decrease in FICO score of 10% or more and/or a resulting FICO score of 620 or less. The loans are then further analyzed to determine if the risk rating should be downgraded, which will increase the reserves established for potential losses.

For revolving lines of credit, we, based on the loan agreement and loan covenants of the particular loan, as well as applicable rules and regulations, could suspend the borrowing privileges or reduce the credit limit at any time we reasonably believe that the borrower will be unable to fulfill their repayment obligations under the agreement or certain other conditions are met. In many cases, the decrease in FICO score is the first indication that the borrower may have difficulty in making their future payment obligations.

Our management meets at least quarterly to review the loans classified as special mention, substandard, or doubtful and determines whether a suspension or reduction in credit limit is warranted. If a line has been suspended and the borrower would like to have their credit privileges reinstated, they would need to provide updated financials showing their ability to meet their payment obligations.

The following table presents our Green Loans first lien portfolio at December 31, 2019 by FICO scores that were obtained during the quarter ended December 31, 2019, comparing to the FICO scores for those same loans that were obtained during the quarter ended December 31, 2018:



	By FICO Scores Obtained During the Quarter Ended December 31, 2019					By FICO Scores Obtained During the Quarter Ended December 31, 2018					Change
($ in thousands)	Count	Amount		Percent		Count	Amount		Percent		Count		Amount			Percent
FICO score
800+	13	$	3,509	7.0	%	16	$	10,617	15.7	%	(3	)	$	(7,108	)	(66.9	)%
700-799	38	27,011		54.1	%	50	34,888		51.5	%	(12	)	(7,877		)	(22.6	)%
600-699	10	12,400		24.8	%	16	14,098		20.8	%	(6	)	(1,698		)	(12.0	)%
<600	5	3,286		6.6	%	3	4,347		6.4	%	2		(1,061		)	(24.4	)%
No FICO score	3	3,753		7.5	%	3	3,779		5.6	%	—		(26		)	(0.7	)%
Total	69	$	49,959	100.0	%	88	$	67,729	100.0	%	(19	)	$	(17,770	)	(26.2	)%



LTV Ratios	Green					Interest Only					Negative Amortization					Total
($ in thousands)	Count	Amount		Percent		Count	Amount		Percent		Count	Amount		Percent		Count	Amount		Percent
December 31, 2019
< 61	54	$	37,804	75.6	%	231	$	346,899	63.6	%	9	$	3,027	100.0	%	294	$	387,730	64.8	%
61-80	12	8,531		17.1	%	136	183,664		33.7	%	—	—		—	%	148	192,195		32.1	%
81-100	3	3,624		7.3	%	6	7,081		1.3	%	—	—		—	%	9	10,705		1.8	%
> 100	—	—		—	%	3	7,727		1.4	%	—	—		—	%	3	7,727		1.3	%
Total	69	$	49,959	100.0	%	376	$	545,371	100.0	%	9	$	3,027	100.0	%	454	$	598,357	100.0	%
December 31, 2018
< 61	69	$	51,827	76.5	%	312	$	495,930	65.9	%	11	$	3,528	100.0	%	392	$	551,285	66.9	%
61-80	17	13,476		19.9	%	201	245,568		32.6	%	—	—		—	%	218	259,044		31.4	%
81-100	2	2,426		3.6	%	5	7,441		1.0	%	—	—		—	%	7	9,867		1.2	%
> 100	—	—		—	%	1	4,122		0.5	%	—	—		—	%	1	4,122		0.5	%
Total	88	$	67,729	100.0	%	519	$	753,061	100.0	%	11	$	3,528	100.0	%	618	$	824,318	100.0	%