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LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]  
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The following table presents the balances in our loan portfolio as of the dates indicated:
($ in thousands)Traditional Loans NTM LoansTotal Loans Receivable
December 31, 2020
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$2,088,308 $— $2,088,308 
Commercial real estate807,195 — 807,195 
Multifamily1,289,820 — 1,289,820 
SBA (1)273,444 — 273,444 
Construction176,016 — 176,016 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage794,721 435,515 1,230,236 
Other consumer31,788 1,598 33,386 
Total loans (2)$5,461,292 $437,113 $5,898,405 
Percentage to total loans92.6 %7.4 %100.0 %
Allowance for loan losses(81,030)
Loans receivable, net5,817,375 
December 31, 2019
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$1,691,270 $— $1,691,270 
Commercial real estate818,817 — 818,817 
Multifamily1,494,528 — 1,494,528 
SBA70,981 — 70,981 
Construction231,350 — 231,350 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage992,417 598,357 1,590,774 
Other consumer51,866 2,299 54,165 
Total loans (2)$5,351,229 $600,656 $5,951,885 
Percentage to total loans89.9 %10.1 %100.0 %
Allowance for loan losses(57,649)
Loans receivable, net5,894,236 

(1)Includes 949 PPP loans totaling $210.0 million, net of unamortized loan fees totaling $1.6 million at December 31, 2020.
(2)Total loans include deferred loan origination costs/(fees) and premiums/(discounts), net of $6.2 million and $14.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Credit Quality Indicators
We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. We perform historical loss analysis that is combined with a comprehensive loan to value analysis to analyze the associated risks in the current loan portfolio. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes all loans delinquent over 60 days and non-homogeneous loans such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. We use the following definitions for risk ratings:
Pass: Loans classified as pass are in compliance in all respects with the Bank’s credit policy and regulatory requirements, and do not exhibit any potential or defined weakness as defined under “Special Mention”, “Substandard” or “Doubtful”.
Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of our credit position at some future date.
Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans.
The following table presents the risk categories for total loans by class of loans and origination year as of December 31, 2020:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
($ in thousands)20202019201820172016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis
Converted to Term
Total
December 31, 2020
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial
Pass$99,015 $78,783 $70,248 $52,786 $44,536 $92,129 $1,572,259 $9,945 $2,019,701 
Special mention— 928 2,748 7,986 1,574 2,271 1,500 225 17,232 
Substandard— 13,937 6,262 4,618 — 9,264 12,598 4,696 51,375 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial and industrial99,015 93,648 79,258 65,390 46,110 103,664 1,586,357 14,866 2,088,308 
Commercial real estate
Pass75,432 150,731 192,831 63,144 91,454 182,756 2,682 1,582 760,612 
Special mention— — 9,452 — 2,518 14,754 3,761 — 30,485 
Substandard— — — — — 16,098 — — 16,098 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial real estate75,432 150,731 202,283 63,144 93,972 213,608 6,443 1,582 807,195 
Multifamily
Pass239,449 407,532 275,881 110,105 97,160 154,841 27 — 1,284,995 
Special mention— 2,050 — — — 803 — — 2,853 
Substandard— — — — — 1,972 — — 1,972 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Multifamily239,449 409,582 275,881 110,105 97,160 157,616 27  1,289,820 
SBA
Pass211,962 14,082 1,260 3,746 11,087 18,589 3,111 1,014 264,851 
Special mention— 1,768 — 212 415 874 — 3,275 
Substandard— — — 1,319 682 1,855 226 755 4,837 
Doubtful— — 390 — — — — 91 481 
SBA211,962 15,850 1,650 5,277 12,184 21,318 3,337 1,866 273,444 
Construction
Pass41,677 30,387 45,397 50,024 — — — — 167,485 
Special mention— — 1,537 — 6,994 — — — 8,531 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Construction41,677 30,387 46,934 50,024 6,994    176,016 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage
Pass149,382 140,129 271,667 161,332 237,285 227,711 15,252 — 1,202,758 
Special mention— — 1,837 688 4,868 4,460 — — 11,853 
Substandard— 157 491 1,079 4,978 8,920 — — 15,625 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Single family residential mortgage149,382 140,286 273,995 163,099 247,131 241,091 15,252  1,230,236 
Other consumer
Pass38 — 47 — — 1,876 27,644 2,218 31,823 
Special mention— — — — — 30 1,185 — 1,215 
Substandard— — — — — — 274 74 348 
Doubtful— — — — — — — — — 
Other consumer38  47   1,906 29,103 2,292 33,386 
Total loans$816,955 $840,484 $880,048 $457,039 $503,551 $739,203 $1,640,519 $20,606 $5,898,405 
The following table presents the risk categories for total loans as of December 31, 2019:
December 31, 2019
($ in thousands)PassSpecial MentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$1,580,269 $45,323 $65,678 $— $1,691,270 
Commercial real estate813,846 2,532 2,439 — 818,817 
Multifamily1,484,931 4,256 5,341 — 1,494,528 
SBA60,982 2,760 5,621 1,618 70,981 
Construction229,771 1,579 — — 231,350 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage1,559,253 10,735 20,269 517 1,590,774 
Other consumer53,331 346 488 — 54,165 
Total loans$5,782,383 $67,531 $99,836 $2,135 $5,951,885 
Past Due Loans
The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2020, excluding accrued interest receivable (which is not considered to be material), by class of loans:
December 31, 2020
($ in thousands)30 - 59 Days Past Due60 - 89 Days Past DueGreater than 89 Days Past dueTotal Past DueCurrentTotal
NTM loans:
Single family residential mortgage$4,200 $641 $6,548 $11,389 $424,126 $435,515 
Other consumer— — — — 1,598 1,598 
Total NTM loans4,200 641 6,548 11,389 425,724 437,113 
Traditional loans:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial67 — 4,284 4,351 2,083,957 2,088,308 
Commercial real estate— — — — 807,195 807,195 
Multifamily— — — — 1,289,820 1,289,820 
SBA354 626 3,062 4,042 269,402 273,444 
Construction— — — — 176,016 176,016 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage6,836 980 3,742 11,558 783,163 794,721 
Other consumer216 61 — 277 31,511 31,788 
Total traditional loans7,473 1,667 11,088 20,228 5,441,064 5,461,292 
Total loans$11,673 $2,308 $17,636 $31,617 $5,866,788 $5,898,405 

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2019, excluding accrued interest receivable (which is not considered to be material), by class of loans:
December 31, 2019
($ in thousands)30 - 59 Days Past Due60 - 89 Days Past DueGreater than 89 Days Past dueTotal Past DueCurrentTotal
NTM loans:
Single family residential mortgage$3,973 $3,535 $13,019 $20,527 $577,830 $598,357 
Other consumer— — — — 2,299 2,299 
Total NTM loans3,973 3,535 13,019 20,527 580,129 600,656 
Traditional loans:
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial780 5,670 3,862 10,312 1,680,958 1,691,270 
Commercial real estate— — — — 818,817 818,817 
Multifamily— — — — 1,494,528 1,494,528 
SBA586 842 2,152 3,580 67,401 70,981 
Construction— — — — 231,350 231,350 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage13,752 3,496 5,606 22,854 969,563 992,417 
Other consumer199 40 95 334 51,532 51,866 
Total traditional loans15,317 10,048 11,715 37,080 5,314,149 5,351,229 
Total loans$19,290 $13,583 $24,734 $57,607 $5,894,278 $5,951,885 
Nonaccrual Loans
The following table presents the composition of nonaccrual loans as of the dates indicated:
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
($ in thousands)NTM LoansTraditional LoansTotal
Nonaccrual Loans
Nonaccrual Loans with no ACLNTM LoansTraditional LoansTotal
Nonaccrual Loans
Nonaccrual Loans with no ACL
Nonaccrual loans
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$— $13,821 $13,821 $13,088 $— $19,114 $19,114 $337 
Commercial real estate— 4,654 4,654 4,654 — — — — 
SBA— 3,749 3,749 648 — 5,230 5,230 1,474 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage8,697 4,822 13,519 13,519 13,019 5,606 18,625 14,373 
Other consumer— 157 157 157 — 385 385 380 
Total nonaccrual loans$8,697 $27,203 $35,900 $32,066 $13,019 $30,335 $43,354 $16,564 
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, $728 thousand and zero of loans were past due 90 days or more and still accruing.
Loans in Process of Foreclosure
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, consumer mortgage loans of zero and $15.7 million were secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Our ACL methodology and resulting provision continues to be impacted by the current economic uncertainty and volatility caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopted CECL on January 1, 2020 and in calculating our ACL under this methodology we use a nationally recognized, third-party model that includes many assumptions based on historical and peer loss data, current loan portfolio risk profile including risk ratings, and economic forecasts including macroeconomic variables (MEVs) released by our model provider during December 2020 (i.e.GDP growth rates, unemployment rates, etc.). Our Company-specific economic view recognizes that the foreseeable future continues to be uncertain with respect to the rollout of the approved vaccines for COVID-19; the lack of clarity regarding the impact of the most recent government stimulus; the continued unknown impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and certain industry segments; and the unknown benefit from Federal Reserve and other government actions. Accordingly, the ACL level and resulting provision reflect these uncertainties. The ACL also incorporated qualitative factors to account for certain loan portfolio characteristics that are not taken into consideration by the third-party model including underlying strengths and weaknesses in the loan portfolio. As is the case with all estimates, the ACL is expected to be impacted in future periods by economic volatility, changing economic forecasts, underlying model assumptions, and asset quality metrics, all of which may be better than or worse than current estimates.
The following table presents a summary of activity in the ACL for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202020192018
Allowance
for
Loan Losses
Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commit-mentsAllowance
for
Credit Losses
Allowance
for
Loan Losses
Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commit-mentsAllowance
for
Credit Losses
Allowance
for
Loan Losses
Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commit-mentsAllowance
for
Credit Losses
Balance at beginning of year$57,649 $4,064 $61,713 $62,192 $4,622 $66,814 $49,333 $3,716 $53,049 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-137,609 (1,226)6,383 — — — — — — 
Loans charged off(15,417)— (15,417)(41,766)— (41,766)(18,499)— (18,499)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off1,815 — 1,815 836 — 836 1,143 — 1,143 
Net charge-offs(13,602)— (13,602)(40,930)— (40,930)(17,356)— (17,356)
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses29,374 345 29,719 36,387 (558)35,829 30,215 906 31,121 
Balance at end of year$81,030 $3,183 $84,213 $57,649 $4,064 $61,713 $62,192 $4,622 $66,814 
During 2020, a $16.1 million legacy shared national credit was resolved resulting in a charge-off of $10.7 million.
During 2019, we recorded a $35.1 million charge-off of a line of credit originated in November 2017 to a borrower purportedly the subject of a fraudulent scheme. In connection with the $35.1 million charge-off, on October 22, 2019, the Bank filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (Case CV '19 02031 GPC KSC) seeking to recover its losses and other monetary damages against Chicago Title Insurance Company and Chicago Title Company, asserting claims under RICO, 18 U.S.C § 1962 and for RICO Conspiracy, Fraud, Aiding and Abetting Fraud, Negligent Misrepresentation, Breach of Fiduciary Duty and Negligence. On October 2, 2020, the case was re-filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Diego (Case 37-2020-00034947) asserting claims for Fraud, Aiding and Abetting Fraud, Conspiracy to Defraud, Negligent Misrepresentation, Breach of Fiduciary Duty, Negligence, Money Had And Received, and Conversion. On February 9, 2021, an Amended Complaint was filed asserting claims for Fraud, Aiding and Abetting Fraud, Conspiracy to Defraud, Negligent Misrepresentation, Breach of Fiduciary Duty, Negligence, Money Had And Received, Conversion, Violation of Penal Code Section 496, Violation of Corporations Code Section 25504.1, and Violation of Business & Professions Code Section 17200. We are actively considering and pursuing available sources of recovery and other potential means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in that regard.
During the third quarter of 2019, we undertook an extensive collateral review of all commercial lending relationships $5.0 million and above not secured by real estate, consisting of 53 loans representing $536.0 million in commitments. The collateral review focused on security and collateral documentation and confirmation of the Bank's collateral interest. The review was performed within the Bank's Internal Audit division and the work was validated by an independent third party. Our review and outside validation did not identify any other instances of apparent fraud for the credits reviewed or concerns over the existence of collateral held by the Bank or on our behalf at third parties; however, there are no assurances that our internal review and third party validation will be sufficient to identify all such issues.
During 2018, we recorded a charge-off of $13.9 million, which reflected the outstanding balance under a $15.0 million line of credit that was originated during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Subsequent to the granting of the line of credit, representations from the borrower in applying for the line of credit were determined by the Bank to be false, and third party bank account statements provided by the borrower to secure the line of credit were found to be fraudulent. The line of credit was granted after the borrower appeared to have satisfied a precondition that the line of credit be fully cash collateralized and secured by a bank account at a third party financial institution pledged to the Bank. As part of the Bank’s credit review and portfolio management process, the line of credit and disbursements were reviewed subsequent to closing and compliance with the borrower’s covenants was monitored. As part of this process, on March 9, 2018, the Bank received information that caused it to believe the existence of the pledged bank account had been misrepresented by the borrower and that the account had previously been closed. The Bank commenced litigation against the borrower and other parties. The Bank recently secured orders from the court granting summary adjudication against the borrower on the Bank's fraud, contract, and contract-related claims, and the Bank previously resolved its claims against other parties. Once judgment is entered, the litigation will conclude and the Bank may then pursue available means of collection against the borrower, if any. At the same time, the Bank is continuing to pursue other available sources of collection and other means of mitigating the loss; however, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in this regard.
Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable, net totaled $24.7 million and $18.8 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and is included within other assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses.
The following table presents the activity and balance in the ALL as of or for the year ended December 31, 2020:
($ in thousands)Commercial and IndustrialCommercial Real EstateMultifamilySBAConstructionSingle Family Residential MortgageOther ConsumerTotal
ALL:
Balance at December 31, 2019
$22,353 $5,941 $11,405 $3,120 $3,906 $10,486 $438 $57,649 
Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13662 4,847 1,809 388 103 (420)220 7,609 
Charge-offs(13,588)— — (1,083)— (742)(4)(15,417)
Recoveries604 — — 328 — 664 219 1,815 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(12,984)— — (755)— (78)215 (13,602)
Provision (reversal of provision)10,577 8,286 9,298 392 1,840 (797)(222)29,374 
Balance at December 31, 2020
$20,608 $19,074 $22,512 $3,145 $5,849 $9,191 $651 $81,030 
The following table presents the activity and balance in the ALL and the recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, in loans by portfolio segment and is based on the impairment method as of or for the year ended December 31, 2019:
($ in thousands)Commercial and IndustrialCommercial Real EstateMultifamilySBAConstructionLease FinancingSingle Family Residential MortgageOther ConsumerTotal
ALL:
Balance at December 31, 2018
$18,191 $6,674 $17,970 $1,827 $3,461 $— $13,128 $941 $62,192 
Charge-offs
(36,787)— (6)(2,121)(371)— (2,369)(112)(41,766)
Recoveries
138 — — 217 — 12 150 319 836 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries(36,649)— (6)(1,904)(371)12 (2,219)207 (40,930)
Provision (reversal of provision)
40,811 (733)(6,559)3,197 816 (12)(423)(710)36,387 
Balance at December 31, 2019
$22,353 $5,941 $11,405 $3,120 $3,906 $ $10,486 $438 $57,649 
Collateral Dependent Loans
A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Collateral dependent loans are evaluated individually and the ACL is determined based on the amount by which amortized costs exceed the estimated fair value of the collateral, adjusted for estimated selling costs.
Collateral dependent loans consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020:
December 31, 2020
Real Estate
($ in thousands)CommercialResidentialBusiness AssetsTotal
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial5,492 — 4,965 10,457 
Commercial real estate2,644 2,010 — 4,654 
Multifamily— — — — 
SBA349 497 2,750 3,596 
Construction— — — — 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage— 17,820 — 17,820 
Other consumer— 157 — 157 
Total loans$8,485 $20,484 $7,715 $36,684 
Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)
Troubled debt restructured loans consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:
December 31,
20202019
($ in thousands)NTM LoansTraditional LoansTotalNTM LoansTraditional LoansTotal
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$— $3,884 $3,884 $— $16,245 $16,245 
SBA— 265 265 — 266 266 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage2,631 2,217 4,848 2,638 2,394 5,032 
Other consumer— — — 294 — 294 
Total$2,631 $6,366 $8,997 $2,932 $18,905 $21,837 

We had commitments to lend to customers with outstanding loans that were classified as TDRs of $63 thousand and $135 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. Accruing TDRs were $4.7 million and nonaccrual TDRs were $4.3 million at December 31, 2020, compared to accruing TDRs of $6.6 million and nonaccrual TDRs of $15.2 million at December 31, 2019. The decrease in TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to one commercial and industrial relationship.
The following table summarizes the pre-modification and post-modification balances of the new TDRs for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
($ in thousands)Number of LoansPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentNumber of LoansPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentNumber of LoansPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial
$5,000 $5,000 12 $18,512 $18,193 $171 $163 
SBA
— — — 3,214 869 187 187 
Total1 $5,000 $5,000 14 $21,726 $19,062 3 $358 $350 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, there was one SBA loan that was modified as a TDR during the past 12 months that had a subsequent payment default. For the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2018, there were no loans that were modified as TDRs during the past 12 months that had a subsequent payment default. The following table summarizes the TDRs by modification type for the periods indicated:
Modification Type
Change in Principal Payments and Interest RatesChange in Principal Payments
Extension of Maturity(1)
OtherTotal
($ in thousands)CountAmountCountAmountCountAmountCountAmountCountAmount
Year ended December 31, 2020
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial
— $— — $— $5,000 — $— $5,000 
Total $  $ 1 $5,000  $ 1 $5,000 
Year ended December 31, 2019
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial
12 $18,193 — $— — $— — $— 12 $18,193 
SBA
869 — — — — — — 869 
Total14 $19,062  $  $  $ 14 $19,062 
Year ended December 31, 2018
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial
— $— $163 — $— — $— $163 
SBA— — — — — — 187 187 
Total $ 2 $163  $ 1 $187 3 $350 
(1)Excludes loans in forbearance or deferment that received an extension of maturity through the CARES Act during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Purchases and Sales
The following table presents loans purchased and/or sold by portfolio segment, excluding loans held-for-sale for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
($ in thousands)PurchasesSalesPurchasesSalesPurchasesSales
Commercial:
Multifamily$120,900 $— $— $— $— $— 
Construction14,750 — — — — — 
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage149,687 — — — 59,481 — 
Total$285,337 $ $ $ $59,481 $ 

Loan purchases during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 were made at a net premium of $4.7 million, zero and $2.3 million.
The following table presents loans transferred from (to) loans held-for-sale by portfolio segment for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
($ in thousands)Transfers from Held-For-SaleTransfers to Held-For-SaleTransfers from Held-For-SaleTransfers to Held-For-SaleTransfers from Held-For-SaleTransfers to Held-For-Sale
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial$— $— $— $— $— $(1,133)
Commercial real estate— — — (573)— — 
Multifamily— — — (752,087)— (81,449)
SBA— — — (559)— — 
Construction— — — (2,519)— (434)
Consumer:
Single family residential mortgage— — — (383,859)— (289,617)
Other consumer— — — — — (4,362)
Total$ $ $ $(1,139,597)$ $(376,995)

Included in transfers to loans held for sale for the year ended December 31, 2019 is $573.9 million in multifamily loans from loans held-for-investment related to our completed Freddie Mac multifamily securitization which closed during the third quarter of 2019. The loans included in the securitization had a weighted average coupon of 3.79% and a weighted average term to initial reset of 3.5 years. The related mortgage servicing rights were also sold.
In connection with the securitization, during the second quarter of 2019, we entered into interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional value of $543.4 million to offset variability in the fair value of the related loans as a result of changes in market interest rates. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we realized a loss of $9.0 million related to these swap agreements due to a decline in interest rates since their execution and this was offset by the $8.9 million gross gain realized on the loans sold into the securitization. The swap agreements were closed at the time the loans were sold into the securitization.
Non-Traditional Mortgage (NTM) Loans
Our NTM portfolio is comprised of three interest only products: Green Loans, Interest Only loans and a small number of additional loans with the potential for negative amortization. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the NTM loans totaled $437.1 million, or 7.4% of total loans, and $600.7 million, or 10.1% of total loans, respectively. The total NTM portfolio decreased by $163.5 million, or 27.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following table presents the composition of the NTM portfolio as of the dates indicated:
December 31,
20202019
($ in thousands)CountAmountPercentCountAmountPercent
Green Loans (HELOC) - first liens48 $31,587 7.2 %69 $49,959 8.3 %
Interest Only - first liens283 401,640 91.9 %376 545,371 90.8 %
Negative amortization2,288 0.5 %3,027 0.5 %
Total NTM - first liens339 435,515 99.6 %454 598,357 99.6 %
Green Loans (HELOC) - second liens1,598 0.4 %2,299 0.4 %
Total NTM - second liens1,598 0.4 %2,299 0.4 %
Total NTM loans344 $437,113 100.0 %461 $600,656 100.0 %
Total loans$5,898,405 $5,951,885 
Percentage to total loans7.4 %10.1 %

Green Loans
Green Loans are SFR first and second mortgage lines of credit with a linked checking account that allows all types of deposits and withdrawals to be performed. The loans are generally interest only for a 15-year term with a balloon payment due at maturity. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, Green Loans totaled $33.2 million and $52.3 million. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, $4.0 million and $1.5 million of our Green Loans were nonperforming. As a result of their unique payment feature, Green Loans possess higher credit risk due to the potential for negative amortization; however, management believes the risk is mitigated through our loan terms and underwriting standards, including our policies on LTV ratios and our contractual ability to curtail loans when the value of the underlying collateral declines. We discontinued origination of the Green Loans products in 2011.
Interest Only Loans
Interest Only loans are primarily SFR first mortgage loans with payment features that allow interest only payments in initial periods before converting to a fully amortizing loan. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, Interest Only loans totaled $401.6 million and $545.4 million. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, $4.7 million and $11.5 million of the Interest Only loans were nonperforming.
Loans with the Potential for Negative Amortization
Negative amortization loans totaled $2.3 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019. We discontinued origination of negative amortization loans in 2007. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, none of the loans with the potential for negative amortization were nonperforming. These loans pose a potentially higher credit risk because of the lack of principal amortization and potential for negative amortization; however, management believes the risk is mitigated through the loan terms and underwriting standards, including our policies on LTV ratios.
Risk Management of Non-Traditional Mortgages
We proactively manage the NTM portfolio by performing detailed analyses on the portfolio. We have determined that significant performance indicators for NTMs are LTV ratios and FICO scores. Accordingly, we manage credit risk in the NTM portfolio through periodic review of the loan portfolio that includes refreshing FICO scores on the Green Loans and HELOCs, as needed in conjunction with portfolio management, and ordering third party AVMs. The loan review is designed to provide a method of identifying borrowers who may be experiencing financial difficulty before they actually fail to make a loan payment. Upon receipt of the updated FICO scores, an exception report is run to identify loans with a decrease in FICO score of 10% or more and/or a resulting FICO score of 620 or less. The loans are then further analyzed to determine if the risk rating should be downgraded, which will increase the reserves established for potential losses.
For revolving lines of credit, based on the loan agreement and loan covenants of the particular loan, as well as applicable rules and regulations, we could suspend the borrowing privileges or reduce the credit limit at any time we reasonably believe that the borrower will be unable to fulfill their repayment obligations under the agreement or certain other conditions are met. In many cases, the decrease in FICO score is the first indication that the borrower may have difficulty in making their future payment obligations.
Our management meets at least quarterly to review the loans classified as special mention, substandard, or doubtful and determines whether a suspension or reduction in credit limit is warranted. If a line has been suspended and the borrower would like to have their credit privileges reinstated, they would need to provide updated financials showing their ability to meet their payment obligations.
On the Interest Only loans, we project future payment changes to determine if there will be a material increase in the required payment and then monitors the loans for possible delinquency. Individual loans are monitored for possible downgrading of risk rating.
Non-Traditional Mortgage Performance Indicators
The following table presents our Green Loans first lien portfolio at December 31, 2020 by FICO scores that were obtained during the quarter ended December 31, 2020, comparing to the FICO scores for those same loans that were obtained during the quarter ended December 31, 2019:
By FICO Scores Obtained During the Quarter Ended December 31, 2020
By FICO Scores Obtained During the Quarter Ended December 31, 2019
Change
($ in thousands)CountAmountPercentCountAmountPercentCountAmountPercent
FICO score
800+11 $5,773 18.3 %12 $3,130 9.9 %(1)$2,643 84.4 %
700-79924 16,472 52.1 %24 17,408 55.1 %— (936)(5.4)%
600-6997,717 24.4 %7,959 25.2 %(242)(3.0)%
<6001,097 3.5 %2,562 8.1 %(2)(1,465)(57.2)%
No FICO score528 1.7 %528 1.7 %— — — %
Total48 $31,587 100.0 %48 $31,587 100.0 % $  %
The current loan to value ratio is determined by dividing the current unpaid principal balance by the most recent estimated property value received per our policy. A lower LTV represents lower risk. The table below represents our SFR NTM first lien portfolio by LTV ratios as of the dates indicated:
LTV RatiosGreenInterest OnlyNegative AmortizationTotal
($ in thousands)CountAmountPercentCountAmountPercentCountAmountPercentCountAmountPercent
December 31, 2020
< 6142 $25,946 82.1 %190 $271,108 67.5 %$2,288 100.0 %240 $299,342 68.7 %
61-805,641 17.9 %91 126,281 31.4 %— — — %97 131,922 30.3 %
81-100— — — %4,251 1.1 %— — — %4,251 1.0 %
> 100— — — %— — — %— — — %— — — %
Total48 $31,587 100.0 %283 $401,640 100.0 %8 $2,288 100.0 %339 $435,515 100.0 %
December 31, 2019
< 6154 $37,804 75.6 %231 $346,899 63.6 %$3,027 100.0 %294 $387,730 64.8 %
61-8012 8,531 17.1 %136 183,664 33.7 %— — — %148 192,195 32.1 %
81-1003,624 7.3 %7,081 1.3 %— — — %10,705 1.8 %
> 100— — — %7,727 1.4 %— — — %7,727 1.3 %
Total69 $49,959 100.0 %376 $545,371 100.0 %9 $3,027 100.0 %454 $598,357 100.0 %