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INCOME TAXES
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, income tax expense was $18.8 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 27.9%. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, income tax expense was $2.3 million, resulting in an effective tax rate was 13.8%. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 differs from the combined federal and state statutory rate for the consolidated company of 28.9% due primarily to various permanent tax differences, tax credits and other discrete tax items that impact our effective tax rate. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 differs from the 28.9% combined federal and state statutory rate due primarily to the net tax benefit of $2.3 million from share-based awards, including the exercise of all previously issued outstanding stock appreciation rights in the first quarter of 2021 and various permanent tax differences, tax credits and other discrete tax items that impact our effective tax rate.
We account for income taxes by recognizing deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon temporary differences between the amounts for financial reporting purposes and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management will continue to evaluate both positive and negative evidence on a quarterly basis, including considering the four possible sources of future taxable income, such as future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in prior carryback year(s), and future tax planning strategies. Based on this analysis, management determined, it was more likely than not, that all of the deferred tax assets would be realized; therefore, no valuation allowance was provided against the net deferred tax assets of $51.5 million and $50.8 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
ASC 740-10-25 relates to the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740-10-25 prescribes a threshold and a measurement process for recognizing in the financial statements a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We had unrecognized tax benefits of $940 thousand and $925 thousand at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. We do not believe that the unrecognized tax benefits will change materially in the next twelve months. As of March 31, 2022, the total unrecognized tax benefit that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate was $712 thousand.
At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had no accrued interest or penalties. In the event we are assessed interest and/or penalties by federal or state tax authorities, such amounts will be classified in the consolidated financial statements as income tax expense.
We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in multiple state jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to examination by U.S. federal taxing authorities for years before 2018. The statute of limitations for the assessment of California franchise taxes has expired for tax years before 2017 (other state income and franchise tax statutes of limitations vary by state).