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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

11. Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Act, which significantly reforms the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.  The Act contains broad and complex changes to corporate taxation, including, in part, reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously considered permanently reinvested, and creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. As our accounting and tax year is the fiscal period ending on the last Saturday in June, U.S. federal tax law requires that taxpayers with a fiscal year that spans the effective date of a rate change to calculate a blended tax rate based on the pro rata number of days in the fiscal year before and after the effective date.  As a result, our U.S. federal tax rate for fiscal 2018 was a days-weighted blended tax rate of 28.17%. For fiscal 2019 and subsequent tax years, our U.S. federal tax rate will be 21%.

In fiscal 2018, we recognized provisional tax expense of $41.4 million, related to the tax impact of the Act, of which an expense of $44.1 million relates to the one-time transition tax and a benefit of $2.7 million relates to remeasurement of deferred tax at the new tax rate. As of September 30, 2018, we further analyzed these provisions and, as there were no material changes, no adjustment was made to amounts recognized in fiscal 2018.

As of September 30, 2018, pending any additional technical guidance, the Company has, in many cases, finalized our accounting for the tax impact of the Act. We have completed our analysis regarding the remeasurement of deferred tax at the new rate, limitations on deduction of officer’s compensation, interest deduction, and net operating loss and the repeal of the Alternative Minimum Tax. We are still in the process of finalizing calculations related to the one-time transition tax.

The Global Intangible Low-Tax Income, or GILTI, which is a provision under the Act, imposes a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. GILTI requires an accounting policy election of either (1) treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current period expense when incurred or (2) factoring such amounts into the Company’s measurement of its deferred taxes. The Company has elected to treat GILTI as a current period expense.

The one-time transition tax is based on our post-1986 foreign earnings and profits, or E&P, which we previously excluded from U.S. income taxes due to our position that we would permanently reinvest foreign future earnings. The one-time transition tax is applied at a 15.5% tax rate on cash assets and an 8% tax rate for other specified assets.  We recorded a provisional amount for this one-time transition tax liability for our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in an increase in income tax liability of $11.6 million, net of foreign tax credits and research credits.

We have not yet completed our calculation of the total post-1986 foreign E&P for these foreign subsidiaries. This amount may change when we finalize the determination of our E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalize the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. No additional income taxes have been provided for any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the transition tax and any additional outside basis difference inherent in these entities as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. We do not have the necessary information prepared or analyzed to develop a reasonable estimate of the tax liability, if any, for our remaining outside basis difference including any deferred tax accounting that may be required due to other provisions in the Act beyond the one-time transition tax and the remeasurement of deferred tax under the new tax rate, including how that accounting may be affected by our ongoing accounting position to indefinitely reinvest unremitted foreign earnings.

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. The provision for income taxes recorded in interim periods is recorded by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date income before provision for income taxes, excluding the effects of significant unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items.  The tax effects of discrete items are recorded in the same period that the related discrete items are reported and results in a difference between the actual effective tax rate and the estimated annual effective tax rate.

The benefit for income taxes of $(0.3) million and provision for income taxes of $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, represented estimated federal, foreign, and state income taxes. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 diverged from the combined U.S. federal and state statutory tax rate primarily because of the benefit of research credits, foreign tax credits, foreign-derived intangible income deduction, excess share-based compensation deductions, release of reserves related to uncertain tax positions and foreign income taxed at lower tax rates, partially offset by foreign withholding taxes, nondeductible amortization, the impact of accounting for qualified stock options and global intangible low-taxed income. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2017, diverged from the combined U.S. federal and state statutory tax rate, primarily because of foreign withholding taxes, nondeductible amortization, nondeductible payroll deposit penalties, and the impact of accounting for qualified stock options, partially offset by foreign income taxed at lower tax rates and research credits.   

The total liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions decreased $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018, to $23.8 million from $24.8 million at June 30, 2018, and was included in other long-term liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. If recognized, the total gross unrecognized tax benefits would reduce the effective tax rate on income from continuing operations. Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018 were $2.0 million; this balance increased by $0.1 million compared to June 30, 2018. We classify interest and penalties as components of income tax expense. It is reasonably possible that the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits may change within the next twelve months and an estimate of the range of possible changes include an increase in our liability of up to $4.3 million.

In July 2018, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the 2015 decision of the U.S. Tax Court in Altera Corp. v. Commissioner which found that the Treasury regulations addressing the treatment of stock-based compensation in a cost-sharing arrangement with a related party were invalid. In August 2018, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals withdrew its July 2018 opinion to allow time for the reconstituted panel to confer on this appeal. As our tax filing position is consistent with the Treasury regulations, we determined no adjustment to our financial statements is required, however, due to the uncertainties with respect to the ultimate resolution, we will continue to monitor developments in this case.

Our major tax jurisdictions are the United States, Hong Kong SAR, and Japan. From fiscal 2013 onward, we remain subject to examination by one or more of these jurisdictions. In August 2018, we received the revenue agent’s report resolving the fiscal 2014 and 2015 examination with the Internal Revenue Service with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Our case is pending review by the Joint Committee on Taxation, which we anticipate will conclude in August 2019. Any prospective adjustments to our unrecognized tax benefits will be recorded as an increase or decrease to income tax expense and cause a corresponding change to our effective tax rate. Accordingly, our effective tax rate could fluctuate materially from period to period.