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Stock-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is included in the following line items in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2025202420252024
Cost of hardware and other revenue
$— $— $— $
Sales and marketing642 545 1,742 2,024 
General and administrative2,721 3,077 8,167 9,561 
Research and development4,858 5,572 16,704 20,088 
Total stock-based compensation expense$8,221 $9,194 $26,613 $31,675 

The following table summarizes the components of non-cash stock-based compensation expense (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
September 30,
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 2025202420252024
Stock options$1,062 $1,006 $2,895 $3,139 
Restricted stock units7,116 8,141 23,566 28,388 
Employee stock purchase plan43 47 152 148 
Total stock-based compensation expense$8,221 $9,194 $26,613 $31,675 
Tax (shortfall) / windfall benefit from stock-based awards
$(215)$(34)$(765)$1,097 

We granted 7,500 and 141,500 stock options pursuant to our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to 34,000 and 133,500 stock options for the same periods in the prior year. There were 16,738 and 62,025 stock options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to 11,280 and 154,273 stock options for the same periods in the prior year. There was an aggregate of 121,502 and 495,712 restricted stock units without performance conditions granted to certain of our employees and directors during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to an aggregate of 134,925 and 464,803 restricted stock units without performance conditions for the same periods in the prior year. There were no restricted stock units with performance conditions granted to our employees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. There were 120,540 and 411,598 restricted stock units without performance conditions that vested during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to 121,087 and 411,870 restricted stock units without performance conditions vested during the same periods in the prior year. There were zero and 30,667 restricted stock units with performance conditions that vested during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to zero and 33,395 restricted stock units with performance conditions vested during the same periods in the prior year.