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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, for interim financial information and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. They should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025, or the Annual Report. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from our audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements.

In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. However, the global economy, credit markets and financial markets have and may continue to experience significant volatility as a result of significant worldwide events, including public health crises, and geopolitical upheaval (including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, and in the Middle East and surrounding areas), disruptions to global supply chains, fluctuations in interest rates, tariffs, risk of recession and inflation (collectively, the Macroeconomic Conditions). These Macroeconomic Conditions have and may continue to create supply chain disruptions, inventory disruptions, and fluctuations in economic growth, including fluctuations in employment rates, inflation, tariffs, energy prices and consumer sentiment. It remains difficult to assess or predict the ultimate duration and economic impact of the Macroeconomic Conditions. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for our entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, which is increasingly true in periods of extreme uncertainty, such as the uncertainty caused by the Macroeconomic Conditions. Prolonged uncertainties could cause further economic slowdown or cause other unpredictable events, each of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require us to update our estimates, assumptions and judgments or revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. However, our estimates, judgments and assumptions are continually evaluated based on available information and experience and may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Because of the use of estimates inherent in the financial reporting process and in light of the continuing uncertainty arising from the Macroeconomic Conditions, actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material. Estimates are used when accounting for revenue recognition, allowances for credit losses, allowance for hardware returns, estimates of obsolete inventory, long-term incentive compensation, the lease term and incremental borrowing rates for leases, stock-based compensation, income taxes, legal reserves, equity method investments, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets.
Equity Method Investments
Equity Method Investments

We account for equity investments where we can exercise significant influence over, but not control, an investee using the equity method of accounting. Equity method investments are initially recorded at cost in investments in unconsolidated entities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Under the equity method of accounting, investments are adjusted to recognize our proportionate share of net income or losses of the investees and are recorded in income from equity method investments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The equity method investments are also adjusted by contributions to and distributions from the investees as well as any impairments resulting from other-than-temporary declines in fair value that is less than its carrying value. Depending on the timing of the availability of the financial statements of the investees, we may apply a three-month lag period based on when financial information is received. When applying a lag period, we adjust for any known significant changes from the lag period to our reporting date.

In cases where our equity method investments provide for a disproportionate allocation of the profits and losses of the investees, our share of income or losses from equity method investments is determined using a balance sheet approach referred to as the hypothetical liquidation at book value, or HLBV, method. Under the HLBV method, at the end of each reporting period, a calculation is prepared to determine the amount that we would receive if an equity investment entity were to liquidate its net assets and distribute that cash to the investors based on the contractually defined liquidation priorities. The difference between the calculated liquidation distribution amounts at the beginning and the end of the reporting period, after adjusting for capital contributions and distributions as well as the amortization of basis differences, is the amount we recognize for our share of the income or losses from the equity investments for the period.

We have certain investments in unconsolidated entities accounted for under the equity method of accounting in which our carrying value exceeds our proportionate share of net assets of the unconsolidated entity. We record our proportionate share of amortization expense related to basis differences in income from equity method investments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we did not adopt any new accounting pronouncements.

Not Yet Adopted

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740)," which requires additional annual disclosures regarding specific categories in the income tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. This amendment also requires annual disclosures regarding the amount of income taxes paid, including income taxes paid disaggregated by (i) federal, state and foreign taxes as well as (ii) individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid is equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid. Additionally, this amendment requires annual disclosures for income from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign as well as income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between federal, state and foreign. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. This amendment should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact this pronouncement will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

On November 5, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)," which requires more detailed information about the types of expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the consolidated statements of operations, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization and depletion. Additionally, this amendment requires the disclosure of a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively and the disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, on an annual basis, an entity's definition of selling expenses. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This amendment should be applied either on a prospective basis or a retrospective basis to any or all prior periods presented. We are currently assessing the impact this pronouncement will have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures.

On September 18, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)," to align the accounting for software costs with the evolution of software development, including the shift from using a prescriptive and sequential development method to using an incremental and iterative development method. This amendment clarifies that capitalization of internal-use software costs begins when (i) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and (ii) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Additionally, this amendment supersedes the website development costs guidance and it clarifies certain disclosure requirements for internal-use software costs. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after
December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. This amendment should be applied either on a (i) prospective basis, (ii) retrospective basis to any or all prior periods presented, or (iii) modified transition basis that is based on the status of the project and whether software costs were capitalized before the date of adoption. We are currently assessing the impact this pronouncement will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the accounts receivable and notes receivable amortized cost basis (see Note 9) to present the net amount expected to be collected. We estimate the allowance balance by applying the loss-rate method using relevant available information from internal and external sources, including historical write-off activity, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for changes in economic conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates. We use projected economic conditions over a period no more than twelve months based on data from external sources. For periods beyond the twelve-month reasonable and supportable forecast period, we revert to historical loss information immediately.

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist. When assessing whether to measure certain financial assets on a pooled basis, we considered various risk characteristics, including the financial asset type, size and the historical or expected credit loss pattern. These risk characteristics are relevant to accounts receivable and notes receivable.

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the financial assets and we adjust the term for expected prepayments when appropriate. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded a reduction to credit loss expense for accounts receivable and notes receivable of $0.4 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recorded credit loss expense for accounts receivable and notes receivable of $1.4 million in general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded a reduction to credit loss expense for accounts receivable and notes receivable of $0.1 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded credit loss expense for accounts receivable and notes receivable of $4.1 million in general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications because extension and renewal options are unconditionally cancelable by us. Write-offs of the amortized cost basis are recorded to the allowance for credit losses. Any subsequent recoveries of previously written off balances are recorded as a reduction to credit loss expense.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Accounts Receivable

We identified the following two portfolio segments for our accounts receivable: (i) outstanding accounts receivable balances within Alarm.com and certain subsidiaries and (ii) outstanding accounts receivable balances within all other subsidiaries. There were no changes to our portfolio segments for our accounts receivable during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and no changes to our policies or practices that influenced our estimate of expected credit losses for accounts receivable. Additionally, there were no significant changes in the amount of accounts receivable write-offs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to historical periods.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Notes Receivable

We identified one portfolio segment, loan receivables, for our notes receivable. There were no changes to our policies or practices involving the issuance of notes receivable, customer acquisitions or any other factors that influenced our estimate of expected credit losses for notes receivable during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
We do not accrue interest on notes receivable that are considered impaired or are 90 days or greater past due based on their contractual payment terms. Notes receivable that are 90 days or greater past due are placed on nonaccrual status. Notes receivable may be placed on nonaccrual status earlier if, in management’s opinion, a timely collection of the full principal and interest becomes uncertain. After a note receivable has been placed on nonaccrual status, interest will be recognized when cash is received. A note receivable may be returned to accrual status after all of the customer’s delinquent balances of principal and interest have been settled, and collection of all remaining contractual amounts due is reasonably assured. We have elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables. We write-off any accrued interest on notes receivable that are considered impaired or are 90 days or greater past due based on their contractual payment terms by reversing interest income.
Income Taxes
We recognize a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, both positive and negative, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of net deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our valuation allowance for state research and development tax credit carryforwards, net deferred tax assets of our EBS subsidiary and an unrealized U.S. federal capital loss was $5.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and increased to $5.6 million as of September 30, 2025.
We apply guidance for uncertainty in income taxes that requires the application of a more likely than not threshold to the recognition and de-recognition of uncertain tax positions. If the recognition threshold is met, this guidance permits us to recognize a tax benefit measured at the largest amount of the tax benefit that, in our judgment, is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement.