EX-13 6 prk-ex13x20171231.htm EXHIBIT 13
Exhibit 13
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Management's discussion and analysis addresses the financial condition and results of operations for Park National Corporation and our subsidiaries (unless the context otherwise requires, collectively, "Park" or the "Corporation"). This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and the five-year summary of selected financial data. Management’s discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are provided to assist in the understanding of anticipated future financial performance. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not guarantees of future performance. The forward-looking statements are based on management’s expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially include, without limitation: Park's ability to execute our business plan successfully and within the expected timeframe; general economic and financial market conditions, specifically in the real estate markets and the credit markets, either nationally or in the states in which Park and our subsidiaries do business, may experience a slowing or reversal of the recent economic expansion in addition to continuing residual effects of recessionary conditions and an uneven spread of positive impacts of recovery on the economy and our counterparties, resulting in adverse impacts on the demand for loan, deposit and other financial services, delinquencies, defaults and counterparties' ability to meet credit and other obligations; changes in interest rates and prices may adversely impact the value of securities, loans, deposits and other financial instruments and the interest rate sensitivity of our consolidated balance sheet as well as reduce interest margins and impact loan demand; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and saving habits, whether due to the newly-enacted tax legislation, changing business and economic conditions, legislative and regulatory initiatives, or other factors; changes in unemployment; changes in customers', suppliers', and other counterparties' performance and creditworthiness; asset/liability repricing risks and liquidity risks; our liquidity requirements could be adversely affected by changes to regulations governing bank and bank holding company capital and liquidity standards as well as by changes in our assets and liabilities; competitive factors among financial services organizations could increase significantly, including product and pricing pressures, changes to third-party relationships and our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified bank professionals; clients could pursue alternatives to bank deposits, causing us to lose a relatively inexpensive source of funding; uncertainty regarding the nature, timing and effect of changes in banking regulations or other regulatory or legislative requirements affecting the respective businesses of Park and our subsidiaries, including major reform of the regulatory oversight structure of the financial services industry, such as the easing of restrictions on participants in the financial services industry, and changes in laws and regulations concerning taxes, pensions, bankruptcy, consumer protection, accounting, bank products and services, bank capital and liquidity standards, fiduciary standards, securities and other aspects of the financial services industry, specifically the reforms provided for in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and the Basel III regulatory capital reforms, as well as regulations already adopted and which may be adopted in the future by the relevant regulatory agencies, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the OCC, the FDIC, and the Federal Reserve Board, to implement the Dodd-Frank Act's provisions, and the Basel III regulatory capital reforms; the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and other regulatory agencies, and the accuracy of our assumptions and estimates used to prepare our financial statements; changes in law and policy accompanying the new presidential administration, including the recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and uncertainty or speculation pending the enactment of such changes; uncertainties in Park's preliminary review of, and additional analysis of, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; the effect of healthcare laws in the United States and potential changes for such laws which may increase our healthcare and other costs and negatively impact our operations and financial results; significant changes in the tax laws, which may adversely affect the fair values of net deferred tax assets and obligations of state and political subdivisions held in Park's investment securities portfolio; the effect of trade, monetary, fiscal and other governmental policies of the U.S. federal government, including money supply and interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board; disruption in the liquidity and other functioning of U.S. financial markets; the impact on financial markets and the economy of any changes in the credit ratings of the U.S. Treasury obligations and other U.S. government-backed debt, as well as issues surrounding the levels of U.S., European and Asian government debt and concerns regarding the creditworthiness of certain sovereign governments, supranationals and financial institutions in Europe and Asia; the uncertainty surrounding the actions to be taken to implement the referendum by United Kingdom voters to exit the European Union; our litigation and regulatory compliance costs and exposure, including any adverse developments in legal proceedings or other claims and unfavorable resolution of regulatory and other governmental examinations or other inquiries; the adequacy of our risk management program; the impact of our ability to anticipate and respond to technological changes on our ability to respond to customer needs and meet competitive demands; the ability to secure confidential information and deliver products and services through the use of computer systems and telecommunications networks; a failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party vendors and other service providers, including as a result of cyber attacks; fraud, scams and schemes of third parties; the impact of widespread natural and other disasters, pandemics, dislocations, civil unrest,
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terrorist activities or international hostilities on the economy and financial markets generally or on us or our counterparties specifically; demand for loans in the respective market areas served by Park and our subsidiaries; the ability to obtain required governmental and shareholder approvals with respect to, and the ability to complete, the proposed merger transaction involving Park, The Park National Bank, and NewDominion Bank (the “NewDominion Transaction”) on the proposed terms and within the expected timeframe; the risk that the businesses of Park National Bank and NewDominion Bank will not be integrated successfully or such integration may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected; expected revenue synergies and cost savings from the NewDominion Transaction may not be fully realized within the expected timeframe; revenues following the NewDominion Transaction may be lower than expected; customer and employee relationships and business operations may be disrupted by the NewDominion Transaction; and other risk factors relating to Park, our subsidiaries and/or the banking industry as detailed from time to time in Park's reports filed with the SEC including those described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of Part I of Park's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Park does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to publicly release the results of any revisions that may be made to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the events or circumstances after the date on which the forward-looking statement was made, or reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except to the extent required by law.
OVERVIEW
Financial Results by segment
The table below reflects the net income (loss) by segment for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. Park's segments include The Park National Bank ("PNB"), Guardian Financial Services Company (“GFSC”), SE Property Holdings, LLC ("SEPH") and all other which primarily consists of Park as the "Parent Company."

Table 1 |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) by segment |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
PNB | $ | 87,315 |  |  | $ | 84,451 |  |  | $ | 84,345 |
GFSC | 260 |  |  | (307 | ) |  | 1,423 |
Parent Company | (2,457 | ) |  | (4,557 | ) |  | (4,549 | )
Ongoing operations | $ | 85,118 |  |  | $ | 79,587 |  |  | $ | 81,219 |
SEPH | (876 | ) |  | 6,548 |  |  | (207 | )
Total Park | $ | 84,242 |  |  | $ | 86,135 |  |  | $ | 81,012 |

The category “Parent Company” above excludes the results for SEPH, an entity which is winding down commensurate with the disposition of its problem assets. Management considers the “Ongoing operations” results, which exclude the results of SEPH, to reflect the business of Park and our subsidiaries going forward. The following discussion below provides additional information regarding the segments that make up the “Ongoing operations”, followed by additional information regarding SEPH.
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On December 22, 2017, “H.R.1,” known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,” was signed into law. Among other things, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act permanently lowers the corporate federal income tax rate to 21% from the existing maximum rate of 35%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate to 21%, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require companies to re-value certain tax-related assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with the resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. This re-valuation impacted Park’s net deferred tax liabilities and qualified affordable housing tax credit investments. The effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was an increase to federal income tax expense at Park of $1.2 million. A breakout of the impact to Park's segments is below.

Table 2 |  |  |
| 2017
(In thousands) | Federal income tax expense (as reported) | Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act | Federal income tax expense excluding the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
PNB | $ | 34,881 |  | $ | (803 | ) | $ | 35,684 |
GFSC | 666 |  | 341 |  | 325 |
Parent Company | (2,695 | ) | 494 |  | (3,189 | )
SEPH | 1,375 |  | 1,201 |  | 174 |
Total Park | $ | 34,227 |  | $ | 1,233 |  | $ | 32,994 |

The Park National Bank ("PNB")
The table below reflects PNB's net income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

Table 3 |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
Net interest income | $ | 235,243 |  | $ | 227,576 |  | $ | 220,879 |
Provision for loan losses | 9,898 |  | 2,611 |  | 7,665 |
Other income | 77,126 |  | 74,803 |  | 75,188 |
Other expense | 180,275 |  | 177,562 |  | 167,476 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 122,196 |  | $ | 122,206 |  | $ | 120,926 |
Federal income tax expense | 34,881 |  | 37,755 |  | 36,581 |
Net income | $ | 87,315 |  | $ | 84,451 |  | $ | 84,345 |

Net interest income of $235.2 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 represented a $7.6 million, or 3.4%, increase compared to $227.6 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was the result of a $13.5 million increase in interest income offset by a $5.9 million increase in interest expense.
The $13.5 million increase in interest income was due to a $10.1 million increase in interest income on loans, along with a $3.4 million increase in interest income on investments. The increase in interest income on loans was largely the result of a $208 million, or 4.1%, increase in average loans from $5.08 billion for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, to $5.29 billion for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Included in interest income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $233,000 and $801,000 in interest income, respectively, related to PNB participations in legacy Vision Bank ("Vision") assets.
The $5.9 million increase in interest expense was due to a $5.7 million increase in interest expense on deposits, and a $173,000 increase in interest expense on borrowings. The increase in interest expense on deposits was partially the result of a $183 million, or 4.4%, increase in average interest-bearing deposits from $4.16 billion for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, to $4.34 billion for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Additionally, the cost of deposits increased by 12 basis points from 0.32% for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 to 0.44% for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
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The provision for loan losses of $9.9 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 represented an increase of $7.3 million, compared to $2.6 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. Refer to the “CREDIT EXPERIENCE - Provision for (Recovery of) Loan Losses” section for additional details regarding the level of the provision for loan losses recognized in each period presented above.
Other income of $77.1 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 represented an increase of $2.3 million, or 3.1%, compared to $74.8 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The $2.3 million increase was primarily related to a $2.3 million increase in fiduciary income, a $741,000 increase in check card fee income, and income of $478,000 related to proceeds from the death benefits paid from bank owned life insurance policies compared to $40,000 of such income in 2016, offset by a $1.6 million decrease in service charges on deposit accounts.
Other expense of $180.3 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 represented an increase of $2.7 million, or 1.5%, compared to $177.6 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The $2.7 million increase was primarily related to a $5.0 million increase in salaries expense, a $750,000 increase in employee benefits expense, a $1.6 million increase in data processing fees, a $1.6 million increase in furniture and equipment expense, a $580,000 increase in insurance expense, and a $532,000 increase in professional fees and services, offset by a $5.6 million decrease in debt prepayment penalties, an $878,000 decrease in non-loan related losses which are included in miscellaneous expense, and a $493,000 decrease in contribution expense.
The impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was a reduction of $803,000 to federal income tax expense at PNB.
PNB's results for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 included income and expense related to participations in legacy Vision assets. The impact of these participations on particular items within PNB's income and expense for these fiscal years is detailed in the table below:

Table 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
(In thousands) | PNB as reported | Adjustments (1) | PNB as adjusted |  | PNB as reported | Adjustments (1) | PNB as adjusted |  | PNB as reported | Adjustments (1) | PNB as adjusted
Net interest income | $ | 235,243 |  | $ | 233 |  | $ | 235,010 |  |  | $ | 227,576 |  | $ | 801 |  | $ | 226,775 |  |  | $ | 220,879 |  | $ | 241 |  | $ | 220,638 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses | 9,898 |  | (5 | ) | 9,903 |  |  | 2,611 |  | (3,118 | ) | 5,729 |  |  | 7,665 |  | (1,453 | ) | 9,118 |
Other income | 77,126 |  | 244 |  | 76,882 |  |  | 74,803 |  | 194 |  | 74,609 |  |  | 75,188 |  | 1,225 |  | 73,963 |
Other expense | 180,275 |  | 492 |  | 179,783 |  |  | 177,562 |  | 662 |  | 176,900 |  |  | 167,476 |  | 700 |  | 166,776 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 122,196 |  | $ | (10 | ) | $ | 122,206 |  |  | $ | 122,206 |  | $ | 3,451 |  | $ | 118,755 |  |  | $ | 120,926 |  | $ | 2,219 |  | $ | 118,707 |
Federal income tax expense (benefit) | 34,881 |  | (3 | ) | 34,884 |  |  | 37,755 |  | 1,066 |  | 36,689 |  |  | 36,581 |  | 671 |  | 35,910 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 87,315 |  | $ | (7 | ) | $ | 87,322 |  |  | $ | 84,451 |  | $ | 2,385 |  | $ | 82,066 |  |  | $ | 84,345 |  | 1,548 |  | $ | 82,797 |

(1) Adjustments consist of the impact on the particular items reported in PNB's income statement of PNB participations in legacy Vision assets.
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The table below provides certain balance sheet information and financial ratios for PNB as of or for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Table 5 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 |  | % change from 12/31/16
Loans | $ | 5,339,255 |  | $ | 5,234,828 |  |  | 1.99 | %
Allowance for loan losses | 47,607 |  | 48,782 |  |  | (2.41 | )%
Net loans | 5,291,648 |  | 5,186,046 |  |  | 2.04 | %
Investment securities | 1,507,926 |  | 1,573,320 |  |  | (4.16 | )%
Total assets | 7,467,851 |  | 7,389,538 |  |  | 1.06 | %
Total deposits | 5,896,676 |  | 5,630,199 |  |  | 4.73 | %
Average assets (1) | 7,664,725 |  | 7,337,438 |  |  | 4.46 | %
Efficiency ratio | 56.81 | % | 58.26 | % |  | (2.49 | )%
Return on average assets | 1.14 | % | 1.15 | % |  | (0.87 | )%

(1) Average assets for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Loans outstanding at December 31, 2017 were $5.34 billion, compared to $5.23 billion at December 31, 2016, an increase of $104.4 million, or 2.0%. The loan growth for 2017 consisted of consumer loan growth of $118.0 million (10.5%) and commercial loan growth of $51.7 million (1.9%), offset by reductions in home equity line of credit loan balances of $9.2 million (4.4%) and residential loan balances of $53.8 million (4.4%).
PNB's allowance for loan losses decreased by $1.2 million, or 2.4%, to $47.6 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $48.8 million at December 31, 2016. Net charge-offs were $11.1 million, or 0.21% of total average loans, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Net charge-offs consisted of net charge-offs of consumer loans of $4.4 million, commercial loans of $5.7 million, mortgage loans of $307,000 and other loans of $704,000. Refer to the “CREDIT EXPERIENCE - Provision for (Recovery of) Loan Losses” section for additional information regarding PNB's loan portfolio and the level of provision for (recovery of) loan losses recognized in each period presented.
Total deposits at December 31, 2017 were $5.90 billion, compared to $5.63 billion at December 31, 2016, an increase of $266.5 million, or 4.7%. The deposit growth for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 consisted of savings deposit growth of $184.0 million (10.8%), transaction account growth of $85.6 million (7.3%), and non-interest bearing deposit growth of $81.3 million (5.0%), offset by a reduction in time deposits of $84.4 million (7.5%).
During the fourth quarter of 2017, Park utilized excess fed funds to repay $350 million of long-term debt which matured during November 2017. The effective interest rate on the long-term debt was 3.22%.
Guardian Financial Services Company ("GFSC")
The table below reflects GFSC's net income (loss) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

Table 6 |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
Net interest income | $ | 5,839 |  | $ | 5,874 |  | $ | 6,588 |
Provision for loan losses | 1,917 |  | 1,887 |  | 1,415 |
Other income (loss) | 40 |  | (1 | ) | 2 |
Other expense | 3,036 |  | 4,457 |  | 2,984 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 926 |  | $ | (471 | ) | $ | 2,191 |
Federal income tax expense (benefit) | 666 |  | (164 | ) | 768 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 260 |  | $ | (307 | ) | $ | 1,423 |

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The provision for loan losses of $1.9 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 represented an increase of $30,000, compared to $1.9 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. Refer to the “CREDIT EXPERIENCE - Provision for (Recovery of) Loan Losses” section for additional information regarding Guardian's loan portfolio and the level of provision for loan losses recognized in each period presented.
Other expense of $3.0 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 represented a $1.4 million decrease, compared to $4.4 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. This decrease was primarily related to the evaluation of respective litigation accruals during 2017 and 2016.
The impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was an increase of $341,000 to federal income tax expense at GFSC.
The table below provides certain balance sheet information and financial ratios for GFSC as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Table 7 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 |  | % change from 12/31/16
Loans | $ | 33,385 |  | $ | 32,661 |  |  | 2.22 | %
Allowance for loan losses | 2,382 |  | 1,842 |  |  | 29.32 | %
Net loans | 31,003 |  | 30,819 |  |  | 0.60 | %
Total assets | 32,077 |  | 32,268 |  |  | (0.59 | )%
Average assets (1) | 33,509 |  | 33,370 |  |  | 0.42 | %
Return on average assets | 0.78 | % | (0.92 | )% |  | N.M. |

(1) Average assets for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
N.M - Not meaningful
Park Parent Company
The table below reflects the Park Parent Company's net loss for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

Table 8 |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
Net interest income (expense) | $ | 588 |  | $ | (138 | ) | $ | 239 |
Provision for loan losses | — |  | — |  | — |
Other income | 3,065 |  | 955 |  | 513 |
Other expense | 8,805 |  | 9,731 |  | 9,972 |
Loss before income tax benefit | $ | (5,152 | ) | $ | (8,914 | ) | $ | (9,220 | )
Federal income tax benefit | (2,695 | ) | (4,357 | ) | (4,671 | )
Net loss | $ | (2,457 | ) | $ | (4,557 | ) | $ | (4,549 | )

The net interest income (expense) for Park's parent company included, for all periods presented, interest income on subordinated debt investments in PNB, which were eliminated in the consolidated Park National Corporation totals. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the net interest income (expense) included interest income on loans to SEPH (paid off on December 14, 2016). Additionally, net interest income (expense) included interest expense related to the $30.0 million of 7% Subordinated Notes due April 20, 2022 issued by Park to accredited investors on April 20, 2012, which Park prepaid in full (principal plus accrued interest) on April 24, 2017.
Other income of $3.1 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 represented an increase of $2.1 million compared to $955,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The $2.1 million increase was related to a $738,000 increase in income from certain equity investments and a $1.8 million gain in 2017 related to the sale of equity securities.
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Other expense of $8.8 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 represented a decrease of $926,000, or 9.5%, compared to $9.7 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The $926,000 decrease was primarily related to a decrease of $693,000 in professional fees and services, a $253,000 decrease in miscellaneous other expense and a $286,000 decrease in employee benefit expense, offset by an increase of $191,000 in salaries expense and an increase of $141,000 in state tax expense.
The impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was an increase of $494,000 to federal income tax expense at the Parent Company.
SE Property Holdings, LLC ("SEPH")
The table below reflects SEPH's net (loss) income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. SEPH holds the remaining assets and liabilities retained by Vision subsequent to the sale of the Vision business on February 16, 2012. Prior to holding the remaining Vision assets, SEPH held OREO assets that were transferred from Vision to SEPH. This segment represents a run-off portfolio of the legacy Vision assets.

Table 9 |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
Net interest income (expense) | $ | 2,089 |  | $ | 4,774 |  | $ | (74 | )
Recovery of loan losses | (3,258 | ) | (9,599 | ) | (4,090 | )
Other income | 404 |  | 2,974 |  | 1,848 |
Other expense | 5,252 |  | 7,273 |  | 6,182 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 499 |  | $ | 10,074 |  | $ | (318 | )
Federal income tax expense (benefit) | 1,375 |  | 3,526 |  | (111 | )
Net (loss) income | $ | (876 | ) | $ | 6,548 |  | $ | (207 | )

Net interest income decreased to $2.1 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 from $4.8 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease was largely the result of a decline in interest payments received from SEPH impaired loan relationships.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, SEPH had net recoveries of loan losses of $3.3 million, compared to $9.6 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
The $2.0 million decrease in other expense for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, was primarily the result of a $2.0 million decline in management and consulting fees.
The impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was an increase of $1.2 million to federal income tax expense at SEPH.
Legacy Vision assets at SEPH totaled $18.8 million as of December 31, 2017, compared to $20.3 million at December 31, 2016. In addition to these SEPH assets, PNB participations in legacy Vision assets totaled $9.0 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $9.6 million at December 31, 2016.
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Park National Corporation
The table below reflects Park's net income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

Table 10 |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
Net interest income | $ | 243,759 |  | $ | 238,086 |  | $ | 227,632 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses | 8,557 |  | (5,101 | ) | 4,990 |
Other income | 80,635 |  | 78,731 |  | 77,551 |
Other expense | 197,368 |  | 199,023 |  | 186,614 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 118,469 |  | $ | 122,895 |  | $ | 113,579 |
Federal income tax expense | 34,227 |  | 36,760 |  | 32,567 |
Net income | $ | 84,242 |  | $ | 86,135 |  | $ | 81,012 |

DIVIDENDS ON COMMON SHARES
Cash dividends declared on Park's common shares were $3.76 in 2017, 2016 and 2015. The quarterly cash dividend on Park's common shares was $0.94 per share for each quarter of 2017, 2016 and 2015.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The significant accounting policies used in the development and presentation of Park’s consolidated financial statements are listed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The accounting and reporting policies of Park conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses ("ALLL") - The determination of the ALLL involves a higher degree of judgment and complexity than Park's other significant accounting policies. The ALLL is calculated with the objective of maintaining a reserve level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb probable, incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio. Management’s determination of the adequacy of the ALLL is based on periodic evaluations of the loan portfolio and of current economic conditions. However, this evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates, including expected default probabilities, the loss given default, the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, and estimated losses based on historical loss experience and current economic conditions. All of these factors may be susceptible to significant change. To the extent that actual results differ from management estimates, additional loan loss provisions may be required that would adversely impact earnings for future periods.
Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO") - OREO, property acquired through foreclosure, is recorded at estimated fair value less anticipated selling costs (net realizable value). If the net realizable value is below the carrying value of the loan on the date of transfer of the OREO, the difference is charged off against the ALLL. Subsequent declines in value (OREO devaluations) are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount of OREO and are expensed within other income. Gains or losses not previously recognized, resulting from the sale of OREO, are recognized within other income on the date of sale. At December 31, 2017, OREO totaled $14.2 million, an increase of 1.9%, compared to $13.9 million at December 31, 2016.
Fair Value - In accordance with GAAP, management utilizes the fair value hierarchy, which has the objective of maximizing the use of observable market inputs. The accounting guidance also requires disclosures regarding the inputs used to calculate fair value. These inputs are classified as Level 1, 2, and 3. Level 3 inputs are those with significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the market for a particular instrument. Some of the inputs could be based on internal models and/or cash flow analyses. The large majority of Park’s financial assets valued using Level 2 inputs consist of available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities. The fair value of these AFS securities is obtained largely by the use of matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the financial services industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities.
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Goodwill - The accounting for goodwill also involves a higher degree of judgment than most other significant accounting policies. GAAP establishes standards for the impairment assessment of goodwill. Goodwill arising from business combinations represents the value attributable to unidentifiable intangible assets in the business acquired. Park’s goodwill relates to the value inherent in the banking industry and that value is dependent upon the ability of PNB, Park’s national bank subsidiary, to provide quality, cost-effective banking services in a competitive marketplace. The goodwill value is supported by revenue that is in part driven by the volume of business transacted. A decrease in earnings resulting from a decline in the customer base, the inability to deliver cost-effective services over sustained periods or significant credit problems can lead to impairment of goodwill that could adversely impact earnings in future periods. Under GAAP, goodwill is no longer amortized but is subject to an annual evaluation for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If after assessing these events or circumstances, it is concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing additional analysis is unnecessary. If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the fair value, an impairment charge must be recorded in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed total goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. At December 31, 2017, on a consolidated basis, Park had $72.3 million of goodwill, all of which is recorded at PNB.
Pension Plan - The determination of pension plan obligations and related expenses requires the use of assumptions to estimate the amount of benefits that employees earn while working, as well as the present value of those benefits. Annual pension expense is principally based on four components: (1) the value of benefits earned by employees for working during the year (service cost), (2) the increase in the liability due to the passage of time (interest cost), and (3) other gains and losses, reduced by (4) the expected return on plan assets for our pension plan.
Significant assumptions used to measure our annual pension expense include:

• | the interest rate used to determine the present value of liabilities (discount rate);

• | certain employee-related factors, such as turnover, retirement age and mortality;

• | the expected return on assets in our funded plans; and

• | the rate of salary increases

Our assumptions reflect our historical experience and management’s best judgment regarding future expectations. Due to the significant management judgment involved, our assumptions could have a material impact on the measurement of our pension plan expense and obligation.
ABOUT OUR BUSINESS
Through our Ohio-based banking divisions, Park is engaged in the commercial banking and trust business, generally in small to medium population Ohio communities. Management believes there are a significant number of consumers and businesses which seek long-term relationships with community-based financial institutions of quality and strength. While not engaging in activities such as foreign lending, nationally syndicated loans or investment banking, Park attempts to meet the needs of our customers for commercial, real estate and consumer loans, and investment, fiduciary and deposit services.
Park’s subsidiaries compete for deposits and loans with other banks, savings associations, credit unions and other types of financial institutions. At December 31, 2017, Park operated 116 financial service offices (including those of PNB, Scope Leasing, Inc. ("Scope Aircraft Finance"), and GFSC) and a network of 133 automated teller machines in 29 Ohio counties. Park also operated one office for SEPH, located in Newark, Ohio.
A summary of average loans and average deposits for Park’s subsidiaries, including its bank subsidiary, PNB, and PNB's divisions and subsidiary Scope Aircraft Finance for 2017, 2016 and 2015 is shown in Table 11. See Note 27 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional financial information for the Corporation’s operating segments. Please note that the financial statements for the divisions of PNB are not prepared on a separate basis and, therefore, net income is not included in the summary financial data in Table 11.
9

Table 11 - Park Affiliate Financial Data
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
(In thousands) |  | Average Loans |  | Average Deposits |  | Average Loans |  | Average Deposits |  | Average Loans |  | Average Deposits
Park National Bank: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Park National Bank Division |  | $ | 1,745,485 |  |  | $ | 1,636,205 |  |  | $ | 1,623,565 |  |  | $ | 1,526,438 |  |  | $ | 1,465,586 |  |  | $ | 1,473,906 |
First-Knox National Bank Division |  | 604,763 |  |  | 680,255 |  |  | 591,807 |  |  | 638,338 |  |  | 591,948 |  |  | 632,810 |
Security National Bank Division |  | 463,880 |  |  | 815,025 |  |  | 459,172 |  |  | 798,809 |  |  | 462,681 |  |  | 802,061 |
Century National Bank Division |  | 631,115 |  |  | 620,138 |  |  | 649,645 |  |  | 574,171 |  |  | 655,682 |  |  | 556,543 |
Second National Bank Division |  | 398,876 |  |  | 366,421 |  |  | 382,555 |  |  | 356,913 |  |  | 374,385 |  |  | 337,181 |
Richland Bank Division |  | 233,278 |  |  | 511,673 |  |  | 231,884 |  |  | 501,678 |  |  | 240,622 |  |  | 483,673 |
Park National SW & N KY Bank Division |  | 451,544 |  |  | 258,628 |  |  | 421,873 |  |  | 219,603 |  |  | 384,788 |  |  | 210,066 |
Fairfield National Bank Division |  | 276,696 |  |  | 398,628 |  |  | 269,805 |  |  | 399,174 |  |  | 260,281 |  |  | 406,940 |
Unity National Bank Division |  | 199,846 |  |  | 202,772 |  |  | 183,985 |  |  | 187,088 |  |  | 180,034 |  |  | 172,658 |
United Bank, N.A. Division |  | 122,512 |  |  | 211,377 |  |  | 109,727 |  |  | 203,613 |  |  | 103,301 |  |  | 198,162 |
Farmers Bank Division |  | 131,781 |  |  | 110,743 |  |  | 131,501 |  |  | 99,446 |  |  | 123,875 |  |  | 96,782 |
Scope Aircraft Finance |  | 260,322 |  |  | 1,963 |  |  | 238,464 |  |  | 1,471 |  |  | 198,475 |  |  | 465 |
SEPH |  | 11,472 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,434 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,910 |  |  | — |
GFSC |  | 33,668 |  |  | 3,833 |  |  | 33,370 |  |  | 4,174 |  |  | 37,686 |  |  | 5,595 |
Parent Company, other |  | (237,731 | ) |  | 75,435 |  |  | (218,925 | ) |  | 69,888 |  |  | (187,675 | ) |  | 89,982 |
Consolidated Totals |  | $ | 5,327,507 |  |  | $ | 5,893,096 |  |  | $ | 5,122,862 |  |  | $ | 5,580,804 |  |  | $ | 4,909,579 |  |  | $ | 5,466,824 |

SOURCE OF FUNDS
Deposits: Park’s major source of funds is deposits from individuals, businesses and local government entities. These deposits consist of non-interest bearing and interest bearing deposits.
Average total deposits were $5,893 million in 2017, compared to $5,581 million in 2016 and $5,467 million in 2015. Table 12 provides a summary of deposit balances as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, along with the change over the past year.

Table 12 - Year-End Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change
Non-interest bearing checking |  | $ | 1,633,941 |  |  | $ | 1,523,417 |  |  | $ | 110,524 |
Interest bearing transaction accounts |  | 1,260,095 |  |  | 1,174,448 |  |  | 85,647 |
Savings |  | 1,888,545 |  |  | 1,704,920 |  |  | 183,625 |
All other time deposits |  | 1,033,476 |  |  | 1,117,870 |  |  | (84,394 | )
Other |  | 1,269 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | (32 | )
Total |  | $ | 5,817,326 |  |  | $ | 5,521,956 |  |  | $ | 295,370 |

The average interest rate paid on interest bearing deposits was 0.44% in 2017, compared to 0.32% in 2016, and 0.30% in 2015. The average cost of interest bearing deposits for each quarter of 2017 was 0.48% for the fourth quarter, 0.48% for the third quarter, 0.44% for the second quarter and 0.36% for the first quarter.
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Maturities of time deposits over $100,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were:

Table 13 - Maturities of Time Deposits |  | Over $100,000
December 31 (In thousands) |  | 2017 | 2016
3 months or less |  | $ | 145,593 |  | $ | 174,503 |
Over 3 months through 6 months |  | 90,032 |  | 78,455 |
Over 6 months through 12 months |  | 80,933 |  | 97,551 |
Over 12 months |  | 80,204 |  | 86,589 |
Total |  | $ | 396,762 |  | $ | 437,098 |

Short-Term Borrowings: Short-term borrowings consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase, Federal Home Loan Bank advances, Federal Funds purchased and other borrowings. These funds are used to manage the Corporation’s liquidity needs and interest rate sensitivity risk. The average rate paid on short-term borrowings generally moves closely with changes in market interest rates for short-term investments. The average rate paid on short-term borrowings was 0.43% in 2017, compared to 0.19% in 2016, and 0.18% in 2015. The year-end balance for short-term borrowings was $391 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $395 million at December 31, 2016, and $394 million at December 31, 2015.
Long-Term Debt: Long-term debt primarily consists of borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank and repurchase agreements with investment banking firms. The average balance of long-term debt and the average cost of long-term debt include the subordinated notes discussed in the following section. In 2017, average long-term debt was $788 million, compared to $776 million in 2016, and $793 million in 2015. The average interest rate paid on long-term debt was 2.86% for 2017, compared to 3.13% for 2016, and 3.10% for 2015. Average total debt (long-term and short-term) was $1,018 million in 2017, compared to $1,017 million in 2016, and $1,052 million in 2015. Average total debt increased by $762,000, or 0.07%, in 2017 compared to 2016, and decreased by $35 million, or 3.3%, in 2016 compared to 2015. Average long-term debt was 77% of average total debt in 2017, compared to 76% of average total debt in 2016, and 75% of average total debt in 2015.
Subordinated Notes: Park assumed, with the 2007 acquisition of Vision's parent holding company, $15.5 million of floating rate junior subordinated notes. The $15.5 million of junior subordinated notes were purchased by Vision Bancshares Trust I ("Trust I") following the issuance of Trust I's $15.0 million of floating rate preferred securities. The interest rate on these junior subordinated notes adjusts every quarter at 148 basis points above the three-month LIBOR interest rate. The maturity date for the junior subordinated notes is December 30, 2035 and the junior subordinated notes may be prepaid after December 30, 2010. These junior subordinated notes qualify as Tier 1 capital under current Federal Reserve Board guidelines.
On April 20, 2012, Park issued an aggregate principal amount of $30.0 million of subordinated notes to 56 purchasers. These subordinated notes had a fixed annual interest rate of 7% with quarterly interest payments. The maturity date of these subordinated notes was April 20, 2022 and the subordinated notes were eligible to be prepaid after April 20, 2017. The subordinated notes qualified as Tier 2 capital under applicable Federal Reserve Board guidelines. Each subordinated note was purchased at a purchase price of 100% of the principal amount by an accredited investor. Park paid in full the $30.0 million outstanding principal amount, plus accrued interest, on April 24, 2017.
See Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the subordinated notes.
Shareholders' Equity: The ratio of total shareholders' equity to total assets was 10.03% at December 31, 2017, compared to 9.94% at December 31, 2016 and 9.76% at December 31, 2015. The ratio of tangible shareholders’ equity [shareholders’ equity ($756.1 million) less goodwill ($72.3 million)] to tangible assets [total assets ($7,538 million) less goodwill ($72.3 million)] was 9.16% at December 31, 2017, compared to 9.06% at December 31, 2016, and 8.86% at December 31, 2015.
In accordance with GAAP, Park reflects any unrealized holding gain or loss on AFS securities or change in the funded status of Park's pension plan, net of income taxes, as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) which is part of Park’s shareholders’ equity.
The unrealized net holding loss, net of income taxes, on AFS securities was $2.9 million at year-end 2017, compared to the unrealized net holding loss, net of income taxes, of $3.0 million at year-end 2016, and compared to the unrealized net holding loss, net of income taxes, of $292,000 at year-end 2015.
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In accordance with GAAP, Park adjusts accumulated other comprehensive loss to recognize the net actuarial gain or loss reflected in the funding status of Park’s pension plan. See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information on the accounting for Park’s pension plan. Pertaining to the funding status of the pension plan, Park recognized a net comprehensive loss of $8.8 million in 2017, a net comprehensive gain of $0.6 million in 2016, and a net comprehensive loss of $0.5 million in 2015. The net comprehensive loss in 2017 was due to changes in actuarial assumptions partially offset by increased investment returns on pension plan assets. The net comprehensive gain in 2016 was due to changes in actuarial assumptions more than offset by increased investment returns on pension plan assets. The net comprehensive loss in 2015 was due to changes in actuarial assumptions more than offset by lower investment returns on pension plan assets.
At year-end 2017, the balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss pertaining to the pension plan was $(23.5) million, compared to $(14.7) million at December 31, 2016, and $(15.4) million at December 31, 2015.
INVESTMENT OF FUNDS
Loans: Average loans were $5,328 million in 2017, compared to $5,123 million in 2016, and $4,910 million in 2015. The actual yield on average loan balances was 4.69% in 2017, compared to 4.74% in 2016, and 4.66% in 2015. Approximately 50% of Park’s loan balances mature or reprice within one year (see Table 37). The actual yield on average loan balances for each quarter of 2017 was 4.79% for the fourth quarter, 4.71% for the third quarter, 4.63% for the second quarter and 4.62% for the first quarter.
Loan interest income for 2017, 2016, and 2015 included $2.3 million, $6.2 million, and $1.1 million, respectively, related to payments received on certain SEPH impaired loan relationships, some of which are participated with PNB. Excluding this income, the yield on loans was 4.66%, 4.64% and 4.66%, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 and 4.70% for the fourth quarter of 2017, 4.68% for the third quarter of 2017, 4.63% for the second quarter of 2017, and 4.62% for the first quarter of 2017.
At December 31, 2017, loan balances were $5,372 million, compared to $5,272 million at year-end 2016, an increase of $101 million, or 1.9%. The loan growth of $101 million in 2017 was largely due to an increase in loans of $104 million at PNB, offset by a decline in loans at SEPH.
Table 14 reports year-end loan balances by type of loan for the past five years.

Table 14 - Loans by Type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 1,053,453 |  |  | $ | 994,619 |  |  | $ | 955,727 |  |  | $ | 856,535 |  |  | $ | 825,432 |
Construction real estate |  | 181,470 |  |  | 188,945 |  |  | 173,345 |  |  | 155,804 |  |  | 156,116 |
Residential real estate |  | 1,725,224 |  |  | 1,808,497 |  |  | 1,855,443 |  |  | 1,851,375 |  |  | 1,799,547 |
Commercial real estate |  | 1,167,607 |  |  | 1,155,703 |  |  | 1,113,603 |  |  | 1,069,637 |  |  | 1,112,273 |
Consumer |  | 1,241,736 |  |  | 1,120,850 |  |  | 967,111 |  |  | 893,160 |  |  | 723,733 |
Leases |  | 2,993 |  |  | 3,243 |  |  | 2,856 |  |  | 3,171 |  |  | 3,404 |
Total Loans |  | $ | 5,372,483 |  |  | $ | 5,271,857 |  |  | $ | 5,068,085 |  |  | $ | 4,829,682 |  |  | $ | 4,620,505 |

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On a combined basis, year-end commercial, financial and agricultural loans, construction real estate loans and commercial real estate loans increased by $63 million, or 2.7%, in 2017, and increased by $97 million, or 4.3%, in 2016. The increase in 2017 was due to increases in commercial, financial and agricultural loans of $58.8 million and in commercial real estate loans of $11.9 million, offset by a decrease in construction real estate loans of $7.5 million. The increase in 2016 was due to increases in commercial real estate loans of $42.1 million, in commercial, financial and agricultural loans of $38.9 million, and in construction real estate loans of $15.6 million.
Consumer loans increased by $121 million, or 10.8%, in 2017 and increased by $154 million, or 15.9%, in 2016. The increase in consumer loans in each of 2017 and 2016 was primarily due to an increase in automobile lending in Ohio.
A portion of the long-term, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans that Park originates are sold in the secondary market and Park typically retains servicing on these loans. The balance of sold, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans, in which Park has maintained the servicing rights, was $1,371 million at year-end 2017, compared to $1,330 million at year-end 2016 and $1,276 million at year-end 2015.

Table 15 - Selected Loan Maturity Distribution |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | One Year or Less (1) |  | Over One Through Five Years |  | Over Five Years |  | Total
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 322,617 |  |  | $ | 406,915 |  |  | $ | 323,921 |  |  | $ | 1,053,453 |
Construction real estate |  | 37,723 |  |  | 29,572 |  |  | 114,174 |  |  | 181,469 |
Commercial real estate |  | 41,180 |  |  | 93,677 |  |  | 1,032,749 |  |  | 1,167,606 |
Total |  | $ | 401,520 |  |  | $ | 530,164 |  |  | $ | 1,470,844 |  |  | $ | 2,402,528 |
Total of these selected loans due |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
after one year with: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed interest rate |  |  |  | $ | 283,692 |  |  | $ | 272,866 |  |  | $ | 556,558 |
Floating interest rate |  |  |  | 246,472 |  |  | 1,197,978 |  |  | 1,444,450 |

(1) Nonaccrual loans of $30.8 million are included within the one year or less classification above.
Investment Securities: Park’s investment securities portfolio is structured to minimize credit risk, provide liquidity and contribute to earnings. As conditions change over time, Park’s overall interest rate risk, liquidity needs and potential return on the investment portfolio will change. Management regularly evaluates the securities in the investment portfolio as circumstances evolve. Circumstances that could result in the sale of a security include: to better manage interest rate risk; to meet liquidity needs; or to improve the overall yield in the investment portfolio.
Park classifies the majority of its securities as AFS (see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). These securities are carried on the books at their estimated fair value with the unrealized holding gain or loss, net of federal income taxes, accounted for as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The securities that are classified as AFS are free to be sold in future periods in carrying out Park’s investment strategies.
Park classifies certain types of U.S. Government sponsored entity collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) that it purchases as Held-To-Maturity ("HTM"). In addition, starting in 2015, Park began to purchase tax-exempt municipal securities, also classified as HTM. These securities are classified as HTM because they are generally not as liquid as the investment securities that Park classifies as AFS. A classification of HTM means that Park has the positive intent and the ability to hold these securities until maturity. At year-end 2017, Park’s HTM securities portfolio was $357 million, compared to $260 million at year-end 2016, and $149 million at year-end 2015. Included in the HTM securities portfolio as of December 31, 2017 were $300 million of tax-exempt municipal securities. All of the CMOs, mortgage-backed securities, and callable notes in Park’s investment portfolio were issued by U.S. Government sponsored entities.
Average taxable investment securities were $1,310 million in 2017, compared to $1,413 million in 2016, and $1,472 million in 2015. The average yield on taxable investment securities was 2.10% in 2017, compared to 2.17% in 2016, and 2.45% in 2015. Average tax-exempt investment securities were $247 million in 2017, compared to $91 million in 2016, and $6 million in 2015. The average tax-equivalent yield on tax-exempt investment securities was 4.48% in 2017, compared to 4.43% in 2016, and 4.72% in 2015.
13

Total investment securities (at amortized cost) were $1,517 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $1,584 million at December 31, 2016, and $1,644 million at December 31, 2015. Management purchased investment securities totaling $143 million in 2017, $724 million in 2016, and $506 million in 2015. Proceeds from repayments and maturities of investment securities were $208 million in 2017, $783 million in 2016, and $357 million in 2015.
Proceeds from sales of investment securities were $2.3 million in 2017. These investment securities had a book value of $444,000 and resulted in a gain on sale of $1.8 million. Proceeds from sales of investment securities were $3.1 million in 2015. These investment securities had a book value of $3.1 million and resulted in a gain on sale of $88,000. There were no sales of investment securities in 2016.
At year-end 2017, 2016, and 2015, the average tax-equivalent yield on the total investment portfolio was 2.47%, 2.30%, and 2.28%, respectively. The weighted average remaining maturity of the total investment portfolio was 4.4 years at December 31, 2017, 4.4 years at December 31, 2016, and 4.8 years at December 31, 2015. Obligations of the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities and U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities were approximately 75.9% of the total investment portfolio at year-end 2017, approximately 83.9% of the total investment portfolio at year-end 2016, and approximately 93.3% of the total investment portfolio at year-end 2015.
The average maturity of the investment portfolio would lengthen if long-term interest rates were to increase as principal repayments from mortgage-backed securities and CMOs would decline and callable U.S. Government sponsored entity notes would extend to their maturity dates. At year-end 2017, management estimated that the average maturity of the investment portfolio would lengthen to 4.6 years with a 100 basis point increase in long-term interest rates and to 5.4 years with a 200 basis point increase in long-term interest rates. Likewise, the average maturity of the investment portfolio would shorten if long-term interest rates were to decrease as the principal repayments from mortgage-backed securities and CMOs would increase as borrowers would refinance their mortgage loans and the callable U.S. Government sponsored entity notes would shorten to their call dates. At year-end 2017, management estimated that the average maturity of the investment portfolio would decrease to 3.9 years with a 100 basis point decrease in long-term interest rates and to 3.4 years with a 200 basis point decrease in long-term interest rates.
Table 16 sets forth the carrying value of investment securities, as well as the percentage held within each category at year-end 2017, 2016 and 2015:

Table 16 - Investment Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities |  | $ | 242,720 |  |  | $ | 267,533 |  |  | $ | 522,063 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 300,412 |  |  | 188,622 |  |  | 48,190 |
U.S. Government asset-backed securities |  | 905,946 |  |  | 1,058,383 |  |  | 1,012,605 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 50,086 |  |  | 50,086 |  |  | 50,086 |
Federal Reserve Bank stock |  | 8,225 |  |  | 8,225 |  |  | 8,225 |
Equities |  | 5,435 |  |  | 6,934 |  |  | 2,710 |
Total |  | $ | 1,512,824 |  |  | $ | 1,579,783 |  |  | $ | 1,643,879 |
Investments by category as a percentage of total investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities |  | 16.0 | % |  | 16.9 | % |  | 31.8 | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 19.9 | % |  | 11.9 | % |  | 2.9 | %
U.S. Government asset-backed securities |  | 59.9 | % |  | 67.0 | % |  | 61.6 | %
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 3.3 | % |  | 3.2 | % |  | 3.0 | %
Federal Reserve Bank stock |  | 0.5 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | 0.5 | %
Equities |  | 0.4 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | 0.2 | %
Total |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %

14

ANALYSIS OF EARNINGS
Net Interest Income: Park’s principal source of earnings is net interest income, the difference between total interest income and total interest expense. Net interest income results from average balances outstanding for interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities in conjunction with the average rates earned and paid on them. (See Table 17 for three years of history on the average balances of the balance sheet categories as well as the average rates earned on interest earning assets and the average rates paid on interest bearing liabilities.)

Table 17 - Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
December 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
(In thousands) | Daily Average | Interest | Average Rate | Daily Average | Interest | Average Rate | Daily Average | Interest | Average Rate
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (1) (2) | $ | 5,327,507 |  | $ | 249,757 |  | 4.69 | % | $ | 5,122,862 |  | $ | 242,978 |  | 4.74 | % | $ | 4,909,579 |  | $ | 228,746 |  | 4.66 | %
Taxable investment securities | 1,309,708 |  | 27,440 |  | 2.10 | % | 1,413,324 |  | 30,627 |  | 2.17 | % | 1,472,285 |  | 36,026 |  | 2.45 | %
Tax-exempt investment securities (3) | 247,448 |  | 11,093 |  | 4.48 | % | 91,343 |  | 4,050 |  | 4.43 | % | 5,923 |  | 279 |  | 4.72 | %
Money market instruments | 262,100 |  | 3,087 |  | 1.18 | % | 198,197 |  | 1,020 |  | 0.51 | % | 342,997 |  | 888 |  | 0.26 | %
Total interest earning assets | 7,146,763 |  | 291,377 |  | 4.08 | % | 6,825,726 |  | 278,675 |  | 4.08 | % | 6,730,784 |  | 265,939 |  | 3.95 | %
Non-interest earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (52,688 | ) |  |  | (56,890 | ) |  |  | (56,947 | ) |  |
Cash and due from banks | 113,882 |  |  |  | 115,779 |  |  |  | 117,286 |  |  |
Premises and equipment, net | 56,910 |  |  |  | 59,104 |  |  |  | 58,377 |  |  |
Other assets | 476,176 |  |  |  | 472,800 |  |  |  | 456,960 |  |  |
TOTAL | $ | 7,741,043 |  |  |  | $ | 7,416,519 |  |  |  | $ | 7,306,460 |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transaction accounts | $ | 1,322,171 |  | $ | 3,357 |  | 0.25 | % | $ | 1,244,646 |  | $ | 1,358 |  | 0.11 | % | $ | 1,257,681 |  | $ | 816 |  | 0.06 | %
Savings deposits | 1,934,258 |  | 6,107 |  | 0.32 | % | 1,705,592 |  | 2,721 |  | 0.16 | % | 1,544,316 |  | 1,413 |  | 0.09 | %
Time deposits | 1,091,681 |  | 9,629 |  | 0.88 | % | 1,215,681 |  | 9,337 |  | 0.77 | % | 1,353,199 |  | 10,125 |  | 0.75 | %
Total interest bearing deposits | 4,348,110 |  | 19,093 |  | 0.44 | % | 4,165,919 |  | 13,416 |  | 0.32 | % | 4,155,196 |  | 12,354 |  | 0.30 | %
Short-term borrowings | 229,193 |  | 992 |  | 0.43 | % | 240,457 |  | 456 |  | 0.19 | % | 258,717 |  | 469 |  | 0.18 | %
Long-term debt (4) | 788,491 |  | 22,580 |  | 2.86 | % | 776,465 |  | 24,300 |  | 3.13 | % | 793,469 |  | 24,619 |  | 3.10 | %

15

Table 17- Continued
December 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
(In thousands) | Daily Average | Interest | Average Rate | Daily Average | Interest | Average Rate | Daily Average | Interest | Average Rate
Total interest bearing liabilities | 5,365,794 |  | 42,665 |  | 0.80 | % | 5,182,841 |  | 38,172 |  | 0.74 | % | 5,207,382 |  | 37,442 |  | 0.72 | %
Non-interest bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits | 1,544,986 |  |  |  | 1,414,885 |  |  |  | 1,311,628 |  |  |
Other | 74,424 |  |  |  | 81,056 |  |  |  | 77,123 |  |  |
Total non-interest bearing liabilities | 1,619,410 |  |  |  | 1,495,941 |  |  |  | 1,388,751 |  |  |
Shareholders' equity | 755,839 |  |  |  | 737,737 |  |  |  | 710,327 |  |  |
TOTAL | $ | 7,741,043 |  |  |  | $ | 7,416,519 |  |  |  | $ | 7,306,460 |  |  |
Tax equivalent net interest income |  | $ | 248,712 |  |  |  | $ | 240,503 |  |  |  | $ | 228,497 |  |
Net interest spread |  |  | 3.28 | % |  |  | 3.34 | % |  |  | 3.23 | %
Net yield on interest earning assets (net interest margin) |  |  | 3.48 | % |  |  | 3.52 | % |  |  | 3.39 | %

(1) | Loan income includes net loan related fee income and origination expense of $3.1 million in 2017, $1.6 million in 2016, and $1.0 million in 2015. Loan income also includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 35% tax rate in 2017, 2016 and 2015. The taxable equivalent adjustments were $1.1 million in 2017, $1.0 million in 2016, and $767,000 in 2015.

(2) | For the purpose of the computation for loans, nonaccrual loans are included in the daily average loans outstanding.

(3) | Interest income on tax-exempt investment securities includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 35% tax rate in 2017, 2016 and 2015. The taxable equivalent adjustments were $3.9 million in 2017, $1.4 million in 2016, and $98,000 in 2015.

(4) | Includes subordinated notes.

Average interest earning assets for 2017 increased by $321 million, or 4.7%, to $7,147 million, compared to $6,826 million for 2016. Average interest earning assets for 2016 increased by $95 million, or 1.4%, to $6,826 million, compared to $6,731 million for 2015. The average yield on interest earning assets remained constant, at 4.08% for both 2017 and 2016. The average yield on interest earning assets increased by 13 basis points to 4.08% for 2016, compared to 3.95% for 2015.
Interest income for 2017, 2016, and 2015 includes $2.3 million, $6.2 million, and $1.1 million, respectively, related to payments received on certain SEPH impaired loan relationships, some of which are participated with PNB. Excluding this income, the yield on loans was 4.66%, 4.64% and 4.66%, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, the yield on earning assets was 4.05%, 4.00%, and 3.95%, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, and the net interest margin was 3.46%, 3.44%, and 3.39%, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
Average interest bearing liabilities for 2017 increased by $183 million, or 3.5%, to $5,366 million, compared to $5,183 million for 2016. Average interest bearing liabilities for 2016 decreased by $24 million, or 0.05%, to $5,183 million, compared to $5,207 million for 2015. The average cost of interest bearing liabilities increased by 6 basis points to 0.80% for 2017, compared to 0.74% for 2016. The average cost of interest bearing liabilities increased by 2 basis points to 0.74% for 2016, compared to 0.72% for 2015.
16

The table below shows for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the average balance and tax equivalent yield by type of loan.

Table 18 - Average Loans and tax equivalent yield
Year Ended December 31, |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average balance |  | Tax equivalent yield |  | Average balance |  | Tax equivalent yield |  | Average balance |  | Tax equivalent yield
Home equity |  | $ | 209,115 |  |  | 4.43 | % |  | $ | 212,223 |  |  | 4.03 | % |  | 213,153 |  |  | 3.92 | %
Installment loans |  | 1,238,425 |  |  | 4.96 | % |  | 1,057,662 |  |  | 5.33 | % |  | 975,130 |  |  | 5.57 | %
Real estate loans |  | 1,192,999 |  |  | 3.86 | % |  | 1,232,722 |  |  | 3.80 | % |  | 1,236,929 |  |  | 3.77 | %
Commercial loans (1)(2) |  | 2,681,759 |  |  | 4.94 | % |  | 2,614,198 |  |  | 4.99 | % |  | 2,477,375 |  |  | 4.79 | %
Other |  | 5,209 |  |  | 11.90 | % |  | 6,057 |  |  | 11.05 | % |  | 6,992 |  |  | 10.52 | %
Total loans and leases before allowance (2) |  | $ | 5,327,507 |  |  | 4.69 | % |  | $ | 5,122,862 |  |  | 4.74 | % |  | 4,909,579 |  |  | 4.66 | %

(1) Commercial loan interest income includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 35% tax rate in 2017, 2016 and 2015. The taxable equivalent adjustments were $1.1 million in 2017, $1.0 million in 2016, and $767,000 in 2015.
(2) Commercial loan interest income for 2017, 2016, and 2015 includes $2.3 million, $6.2 million, and $1.1 million, respectively, related to payments received on certain SEPH impaired loan relationships, some of which are participated with PNB. Excluding impact of these loans, the tax equivalent yield on commercial loans was 4.88%, 4.79% and 4.79% for 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Excluding the impact of these loans, the tax equivalent yield on total loans and leases was 4.66%, 4.64%, and 4.66% for 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
The table below shows for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the average balance and cost of funds by type of deposit.

Table 19 - Average Deposits and Cost of Funds
Year Ended December 31, |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average balance |  | Cost of funds |  | Average balance |  | Cost of funds |  | Average balance |  | Cost of funds
Transaction accounts |  | 1,322,171 |  |  | 0.25 | % |  | 1,244,646 |  |  | 0.11 | % |  | 1,257,681 |  |  | 0.06 | %
Savings deposits and clubs |  | 1,934,258 |  |  | 0.32 | % |  | 1,705,592 |  |  | 0.16 | % |  | 1,544,316 |  |  | 0.09 | %
Time deposits |  | 1,091,681 |  |  | 0.88 | % |  | 1,215,681 |  |  | 0.77 | % |  | 1,353,199 |  |  | 0.75 | %
Total interest bearing deposits |  | $ | 4,348,110 |  |  | 0.44 | % |  | $ | 4,165,919 |  |  | 0.32 | % |  | 4,155,196 |  |  | 0.30 | %

The following table displays (for each quarter of 2017) the average balance of interest earning assets, the net interest income and the tax equivalent net interest income and net interest margin.

Table 20 - Quarterly Net Interest Margin
(In thousands) |  | Average Interest Earning Assets |  | Net Interest Income (1) |  | Tax Equivalent Net Interest Income (1) |  | Tax Equivalent Net Interest Margin (1)
First Quarter |  | $ | 6,967,350 |  |  | $ | 58,952 |  |  | 60,016 |  |  | 3.49 | %
Second Quarter |  | 7,145,291 |  |  | 59,778 |  |  | 60,963 |  |  | 3.42 | %
Third Quarter |  | 7,329,239 |  |  | 61,551 |  |  | 62,842 |  |  | 3.40 | %
Fourth Quarter |  | 7,141,258 |  |  | 63,478 |  |  | 64,891 |  |  | 3.61 | %
2017 |  | $ | 7,146,763 |  |  | $ | 243,759 |  |  | 248,712 |  |  | 3.48 | %

(1) Net interest income for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters of 2017 includes $274,000, $194,000, $536,000, and $1.3 million, respectively, related to payments received on certain SEPH impaired loan relationships, some of which are participated with PNB. Excluding the impact of these loans, the tax equivalent net interest margin was 3.49%, 3.42%, 3.38%, and 3.54%, for the first, second, third, and fourth quarters of 2017, respectively.
17

In the following table, the change in tax equivalent interest due to both volume and rate has been allocated to volume and rate changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

Table 21 - Volume/Rate Variance Analysis |  |
|  | Change from 2016 to 2017 |  | Change from 2015 to 2016
(In thousands) |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Total |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Total
Increase (decrease) in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total loans |  | $ | 9,704 |  |  | $ | (2,925 | ) |  | $ | 6,779 |  |  | $ | 10,065 |  |  | $ | 4,167 |  |  | $ | 14,232 |
Taxable investments |  | (2,246 | ) |  | (941 | ) |  | (3,187 | ) |  | (1,400 | ) |  | (3,999 | ) |  | (5,399 | )
Tax-exempt investments |  | 6,920 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 7,043 |  |  | 3,789 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 3,771 |
Money market instruments |  | 329 |  |  | 1,738 |  |  | 2,067 |  |  | (486 | ) |  | 618 |  |  | 132 |
Total interest income |  | 14,707 |  |  | (2,005 | ) |  | 12,702 |  |  | 11,968 |  |  | 768 |  |  | 12,736 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transaction accounts |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 1,914 |  |  | $ | 1,999 |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 542 |
Savings accounts |  | 365 |  |  | 3,021 |  |  | 3,386 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 1,146 |  |  | 1,308 |
Time deposits |  | (952 | ) |  | 1,244 |  |  | 292 |  |  | (1,051 | ) |  | 263 |  |  | (788 | )
Short-term borrowings |  | (21 | ) |  | 557 |  |  | 536 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | 21 |  |  | (13 | )
Long-term debt |  | 376 |  |  | (2,096 | ) |  | (1,720 | ) |  | (531 | ) |  | 212 |  |  | (319 | )
Total interest expense |  | (147 | ) |  | 4,640 |  |  | 4,493 |  |  | (1,462 | ) |  | 2,192 |  |  | 730 |
Net variance |  | $ | 14,854 |  |  | $ | (6,645 | ) |  | $ | 8,209 |  |  | $ | 13,430 |  |  | $ | (1,424 | ) |  | $ | 12,006 |

Other Income: Other income was $80.6 million in 2017, compared to $78.7 million in 2016, and $77.6 million in 2015.
The following table displays total other income for Park in 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Table 22 - Other Income
Year Ended December 31, |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Income from fiduciary activities |  | $ | 23,735 |  |  | $ | 21,400 |  |  | $ | 20,195 |
Service charges on deposits |  | 12,653 |  |  | 14,259 |  |  | 14,751 |
Other service income |  | 13,162 |  |  | 14,419 |  |  | 11,438 |
Checkcard fee income |  | 15,798 |  |  | 15,057 |  |  | 14,561 |
Bank owned life insurance income |  | 4,858 |  |  | 4,338 |  |  | 5,783 |
ATM fees |  | 2,253 |  |  | 2,268 |  |  | 2,428 |
Gain on the sale of OREO, net |  | 251 |  |  | 1,323 |  |  | 1,604 |
OREO valuation adjustments |  | (458 | ) |  | (601 | ) |  | (1,592 | )
Gain on the sale of commercial loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 756 |
Gain on sale of investment securities |  | 1,821 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |
Miscellaneous |  | 6,562 |  |  | 6,268 |  |  | 7,539 |
Total other income |  | $ | 80,635 |  |  | $ | 78,731 |  |  | $ | 77,551 |

18

The following table breaks out the change in total other income for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, and for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, between Park's Ohio-based operations and SEPH.

Table 23 - Other Income Breakout
|  | Change from 2016 to 2017 |  | Change from 2015 to 2016
(In thousands) |  | Ohio-based operations |  | SEPH |  | Total |  | Ohio-based operations |  | SEPH |  | Total
Income from fiduciary activities |  | $ | 2,335 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,335 |  |  | $ | 1,205 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,205 |
Service charges on deposits |  | (1,606 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,606 | ) |  | (492 | ) |  | — |  |  | (492 | )
Other service income |  | 201 |  |  | (1,458 | ) |  | (1,257 | ) |  | 1,596 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | 2,981 |
Checkcard fee income |  | 741 |  |  | — |  |  | 741 |  |  | 496 |  |  | — |  |  | 496 |
Bank owned life insurance income |  | 520 |  |  | — |  |  | 520 |  |  | (1,445 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,445 | )
ATM fees |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (160 | ) |  | — |  |  | (160 | )
Gain on the sale of OREO, net |  | (17 | ) |  | (1,055 | ) |  | (1,072 | ) |  | (764 | ) |  | 483 |  |  | (281 | )
OREO valuation adjustments |  | 124 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 991 |
Gain on sale of commercial loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34 | ) |  | (722 | ) |  | (756 | )
Gain on sale of investment securities |  | 1,821 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,821 |  |  | (88 | ) |  | — |  |  | (88 | )
Miscellaneous |  | 370 |  |  | (76 | ) |  | 294 |  |  | (918 | ) |  | (353 | ) |  | (1,271 | )
Total other income |  | $ | 4,474 |  |  | $ | (2,570 | ) |  | $ | 1,904 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 1,126 |  |  | $ | 1,180 |

Income from fiduciary activities increased by $2.3 million, or 10.9%, to $23.7 million in 2017, compared to $21.4 million in 2016. The $21.4 million in 2016 was an increase of $1.2 million, or 6.0%, compared to $20.2 million in 2015. The increases in fiduciary fee income in 2017 and 2016 were primarily due to improvements in the equity markets and also due to an increase in the total account balances serviced by PNB’s Trust Department. PNB charges fiduciary fees largely based on the market value of the trust assets. The average market value of the trust assets managed by PNB was $5.05 billion in 2017, compared to $4.56 billion in 2016 and $4.38 billion in 2015.
Service charges on deposit accounts decreased by $1.6 million, or 11.3%, to $12.7 million in 2017, compared to $14.3 million in 2016. The $14.3 million in 2016 was a decrease of $492,000, or 3.3%, compared to $14.8 million in 2015. The declines in 2017 and 2016 were related to declines in service charges on deposits within Park's Ohio-based operations, largely as a result of a decline in other non-sufficient funds (NSF) fee income and the discontinuation of daily overdraft fees related to deposit products in the fourth quarter of 2016.
Fee income earned from the origination and sale into the secondary market of long-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans is included within “Other service income”. Other service income decreased by $1.3 million, or 8.7%, to $13.2 million in 2017, compared to $14.4 million in 2016. The $14.4 million in 2016 was an increase of $3.0 million, or 26.1%, compared to $11.4 million in 2015. The increase at PNB during 2016 was primarily due to a corresponding increase in the amount of mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary market which increased by $66.9 million for 2016 compared to 2015. The $1.5 million decrease in other service income at SEPH for 2017 compared to 2016 and the $1.4 million increase in other service income at SEPH for 2016 compared to 2015 were primarily the result of fluctuations in the recovery of fees from certain SEPH impaired loan relationships.
Checkcard fee income, which is generated from debit card transactions, increased $741,000, or 4.9%, to $15.8 million in 2017, compared to $15.1 million in 2016. The $15.1 million in 2016 was an increase of $496,000, or 3.4%, compared to $14.6 million in 2015. The increases in 2017 and 2016 were attributable to continued increases in the volume of debit card transactions.
Bank owned life insurance income increased by $520,000, or 12.0%, to $4.9 million in 2017, compared to $4.3 million in 2016. Bank owned life insurance income decreased by $1.4 million, or 25.0%, to $4.3 million in 2016, compared to $5.8 million in 2015. The increase of $520,000 from 2016 to 2017 and the decrease of $1.4 million from 2015 to 2016 were primarily related to fluctuations in income from death benefits paid on policies. Park recorded $478,000 of income from death benefits paid on policies during 2017, compared to $40,000 of income from death benefits paid on policies during 2016 and $1.3 million of income from death benefits paid on policies during 2015.
19

Gain on the sale of OREO, net, totaled $251,000 in 2017, a decrease of $1.1 million, compared to $1.3 million in 2016. The $1.3 million in 2016 was a decrease of $281,000, compared to $1.6 million in 2015. OREO assets, property acquired through foreclosure, are initially recorded at fair value less anticipated selling costs (net realizable value), establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. Subsequent changes in the value of real estate are classified as OREO valuation adjustments. OREO valuation adjustments totaled $458,000 in 2017, a decrease of $143,000, or 23.8%, compared to $601,000 in 2016. The $601,000 in 2016 was a decrease of $991,000, or 62.2%, compared to $1.6 million in 2015.
Of the $458,000 in OREO valuation adjustments in 2017, all were related to valuation adjustments at PNB. Of the $601,000 in OREO valuation adjustments in 2016, $582,000 were related to valuation adjustments at PNB and of the $1.6 million in OREO valuation adjustments in 2015, $1.2 million were related to valuation adjustments at PNB. The decline in OREO valuation adjustments is primarily due to the stabilization of property values across the Park organization.
Gain on the sale of commercial loans held for sale was $756,000 for 2015. This was related to certain commercial loans, which had a book balance of $144,000, that were sold in the first quarter of 2015. No commercial loans held for sale were sold in 2016 or 2017.
During 2017, Park sold certain AFS investment securities with a book value of $444,000 at a gain of $1.8 million. During 2015, Park sold certain HTM investment securities with a book value of $3.1 million at a gain of $88,000. These securities had been paid down to 97.8% of the principal outstanding at acquisition. No securities were sold during 2016.
Other miscellaneous income increased by $294,000, or 4.7%, to $6.6 million in 2017, compared to $6.3 million in 2016. Other miscellaneous income decreased by $1.3 million, or 16.9%, to $6.3 million in 2016, compared to $7.5 million in 2015. The increase in 2017, compared to 2016, was primarily related to a $749,000 increase in income from equity investments offset by a $288,000 decline in income from the operation of OREO properties. The decrease in 2016, compared to 2015, was related to a $329,000 decrease in brokerage income, a $805,000 decline in income from the operation of OREO properties, and a $711,000 decrease in gains from the sale of repossessed and other assets. These decreases were offset by $461,000 in income from an equity investment during 2016.
Other Expense: Other expense was $197.4 million in 2017, compared to $199.0 million in 2016, and $186.6 million in 2015. Other expense decreased by $1.7 million, or 0.8%, in 2017, and increased by $12.4 million, or 6.6%, in 2016. The following table displays total other expense for Park for 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Table 24 - Other Expense
Year Ended December 31, |
(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Salaries | $ | 92,177 |  |  | $ | 87,034 |  |  | $ | 86,189 |
Employee benefits | 19,918 |  |  | 19,262 |  |  | 21,296 |
Data processing fees | 7,250 |  |  | 5,608 |  |  | 5,037 |
Professional fees and services | 24,833 |  |  | 27,181 |  |  | 23,452 |
Occupancy expense | 10,201 |  |  | 10,239 |  |  | 9,686 |
Furniture and equipment expense | 15,324 |  |  | 13,766 |  |  | 11,806 |
Insurance | 6,354 |  |  | 5,825 |  |  | 5,629 |
Marketing | 4,374 |  |  | 4,523 |  |  | 3,983 |
Communication | 4,826 |  |  | 4,985 |  |  | 5,130 |
State tax expense | 3,583 |  |  | 3,560 |  |  | 3,566 |
Borrowing prepayment penalty | — |  |  | 5,554 |  |  | 532 |
Miscellaneous | 8,528 |  |  | 11,486 |  |  | 10,308 |
Total other expense | $ | 197,368 |  |  | $ | 199,023 |  |  | $ | 186,614 |
Full-time equivalent employees | 1,746 |  |  | 1,726 |  |  | 1,798 |

20

The following table breaks out the change in other expense for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, and for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, between Park's Ohio-based operations and SEPH.

Table 25 - Other Expense Breakout
|  | Change from 2016 to 2017 |  | Change from 2015 to 2016
(In thousands) |  | Ohio-based operations |  | SEPH |  | Total |  | Ohio-based operations |  | SEPH |  | Total
Salaries |  | $ | 5,176 |  |  | $ | (33 | ) |  | $ | 5,143 |  |  | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | (98 | ) |  | $ | 845 |
Employee benefits |  | 476 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 656 |  |  | (2,235 | ) |  | 201 |  |  | (2,034 | )
Data processing fees |  | 1,642 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,642 |  |  | 571 |  |  | — |  |  | 571 |
Professional fees and services |  | (323 | ) |  | (2,025 | ) |  | (2,348 | ) |  | 1,216 |  |  | 2,513 |  |  | 3,729 |
Occupancy expense |  | (38 | ) |  | — |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 553 |  |  | — |  |  | 553 |
Furniture and equipment expense |  | 1,559 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1,558 |  |  | 1,960 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,960 |
Insurance |  | 531 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 529 |  |  | 196 |  |  | — |  |  | 196 |
Marketing |  | (146 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (149 | ) |  | 537 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 540 |
Communication |  | (156 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (159 | ) |  | (147 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (145 | )
State tax expense |  | 79 |  |  | (56 | ) |  | 23 |  |  | (69 | ) |  | 63 |  |  | (6 | )
Borrowing prepayment penalty |  | (5,554 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,554 | ) |  | 5,022 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,022 |
Miscellaneous |  | (2,880 | ) |  | (78 | ) |  | (2,958 | ) |  | 2,771 |  |  | (1,593 | ) |  | 1,178 |
Total other expense |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | (2,021 | ) |  | $ | (1,655 | ) |  | $ | 11,318 |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 12,409 |

Salaries expense increased $5.1 million, or 5.9%, to $92.2 million in 2017, compared to $87.0 million in 2016. The increase in 2017 was due to a $5.6 million increase in salary expense and a $837,000 increase in share-based compensation expense related to performance-based restricted stock unit awards granted under the Park 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2013 Incentive Plan"), offset by a $1.4 million decrease in incentive compensation expense. Salaries expense increased $845,000, or 1.0%, to $87.0 million in 2016, and increased by $4.2 million, or 5.1%, to $86.2 million in 2015. The increase in 2016 was primarily due to an increase of $1.0 million in share-based compensation expense related to the 2013 Incentive Plan, offset by a $374,000 decrease in incentive compensation. Park had 1,746 full-time equivalent employees at year-end 2017, compared to 1,726 full-time equivalent employees at year-end 2016, and 1,798 full-time equivalent employees at year-end 2015.
Employee benefits expense increased $656,000, or 3.4%, to $19.9 million in 2017, compared to $19.3 million in 2016 and decreased $2.0 million, or 9.6%, from $21.3 million in 2015. The increase in 2017 was due to a $950,000 increase in group insurance costs, offset by a $333,000 decrease in pension plan expense. The decrease in 2016 was due to a $3.9 million decrease in group insurance costs, offset by a $1.1 million increase in other employee benefits.
Data processing fees increased by $1.6 million, or 29.3%, to $7.3 million in 2017, compared to $5.6 million in 2016, and increased $571,000, or 11.3%, from $5.0 million in 2015. The increases in 2017 and 2016 were related to increases in expenses related to the issuance of new chip enabled debit cards and related card costs, plus an increase in debit card transactions.
Professional fees and services decreased by $2.3 million, or 8.6%, to $24.8 million in 2017, compared to $27.2 million in 2016. The $27.2 million in 2016 was an increase of $3.7 million, or 15.9%, compared to $23.5 million in 2015. This subcategory of total other expense includes legal fees, management consulting fees, director fees, audit fees, regulatory examination fees and memberships in industry associations. The decrease in professional fees and services expense in 2017 was largely related to declines in consulting fees at SEPH. The increase in professional fees and services expense in 2016 was primarily due to an increase in consulting fees at SEPH and increases in third-party credit related expense at PNB.
Furniture and equipment expense increased $1.6 million, or 11.3%, to $15.3 million in 2017, compared to $13.8 million in 2016. The $13.8 million in 2016 was an increase of $2.0 million, or 16.6%, compared to $11.8 million in 2015. The increase in furniture and equipment expense in 2017 was primarily due to a $1.2 million increase in maintenance expense and a $172,000 increase in depreciation expense. The increase in furniture and equipment expense in 2016 was primarily due to a $1.0 million increase in depreciation expense and a $1.0 million increase in maintenance expense.
21

Borrowing prepayment penalties increased by $5.0 million, to $5.6 million in 2016, compared to $532,000 in 2015. During 2016, Park prepaid $50 million of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances, incurring a $5.6 million prepayment penalty. These advances had an interest rate of 3.15% and a maturity date of November 13, 2023.
The subcategory "Miscellaneous" other expense includes expenses for supplies, travel, charitable contributions, and other miscellaneous expense. The subcategory miscellaneous other expense decreased by $3.0 million, or 25.8%, to $8.5 million in 2017, compared to $11.5 million in 2016. The $11.5 million in 2016 was an increase of $1.2 million, or 11.4%, compared to $10.3 million in 2015. The $3.0 million decrease in 2017 was primarily due to a $880,000 decrease in fraud losses, a $493,000 decrease in contribution expense, and the fact that miscellaneous expense for 2016 included $1.7 million in accruals due to the ongoing evaluation of litigation and other proceedings impacting the GFSC subsidiary and the Parent Company. The $1.2 million increase in 2016 was primarily due to a $1.7 million increase in accruals due to the ongoing evaluation of litigation and other proceedings impacting the GFSC subsidiary and the Parent Company, a $2.0 million increase in contribution expense and a $883,000 increase in fraud losses, offset by a reduction in expenses as $0.6 million was recognized in 2015 related to a contract termination fee, a $1.0 million reduction in expense related to reserves established for potential mortgage loan repurchases, a decrease of $996,000 related to the amortization of historic tax credits, and a $425,000 decrease in OREO expenses.
Income Taxes: Federal income tax expense was $34.2 million in 2017, compared to $36.8 million in 2016, and $32.6 million in 2015. Federal income tax expense as a percentage of income before taxes was 28.9% in 2017, 29.9% in 2016, and 28.7% in 2015. The difference between the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% and Park’s effective tax rate reflects permanent tax differences, primarily consisting of tax-exempt interest income from municipal investments and loans, qualified affordable housing and historical tax credits, bank owned life insurance income, and dividends paid on common shares held within Park’s salary deferral plan. Park's permanent tax differences for 2017 were approximately $8.5 million, compared to $6.3 million for 2016.
As stated earlier, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act permanently lowers the corporate federal income tax rate to 21% from the existing maximum rate of 35%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate to 21%, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require companies to re-value certain tax-related assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with the resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. This re-valuation impacted Park’s net deferred tax liabilities and qualified affordable housing tax credit investments. The effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was an increase to federal income tax expense at Park of $1.2 million.
CREDIT EXPERIENCE
Provision for (Recovery of) Loan Losses: The provision for (recovery of) loan losses is the amount added to the allowance for loan losses to ensure the allowance is sufficient to absorb probable, incurred credit losses. The amount of the provision for (recovery of) loan losses is determined by management after reviewing the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, historic and current loan loss experience and current economic conditions.
The table below provides additional information on the provision for loan losses and the ALLL for Park for 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Table 26 - ALLL Information - Park |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
ALLL, beginning balance | $ | 50,624 |  | $ | 56,494 |  | $ | 54,352 |
Charge-offs | 19,403 |  | 20,799 |  | 14,290 |
Recoveries | (10,210 | ) | (20,030 | ) | (11,442 | )
Net charge-offs | 9,193 |  | 769 |  | 2,848 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses: | 8,557 |  | (5,101 | ) | 4,990 |
ALLL, ending balance | $ | 49,988 |  | $ | 50,624 |  | $ | 56,494 |
Average loans | $ | 5,327,507 |  | $ | 5,122,862 |  | $ | 4,909,579 |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans | 0.17 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.06 | %

22

For the year ended December 31, 2017, gross income of $4.3 million would have been recognized on loans that were nonaccrual as of December 31, 2017 had these loans been current in accordance with their original terms. Interest income on nonaccrual loans may be recorded on a cash basis and be included in earnings only when Park expects to receive the entire recorded investment of the loan. Of the $4.3 million that would have been recognized, approximately $3.4 million was included in interest income for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Park's Ohio-based subsidiaries, PNB and GFSC, are the only subsidiaries that carry an ALLL balance. The table below provides additional information on the provision for loan losses and the ALLL for Park’s Ohio-based subsidiaries for 2017, 2016 and
2015.

Table 27 - ALLL Information - Park's Ohio-Based Subsidiaries |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
ALLL, beginning balance | $ | 50,624 |  | $ | 56,494 |  | $ | 54,352 |
Charge-offs: |  |  |
Ohio-based subsidiaries loans | 19,393 |  | 20,274 |  | 14,143 |
PNB participations in Vision loans | 2 |  | 78 |  | 20 |
Total charge-offs | 19,395 |  | 20,352 |  | 14,163 |
Recoveries: |  |  |
Ohio-based subsidiaries loans | (6,938 | ) | (6,788 | ) | (5,770 | )
PNB participations in Vision loans | (6 | ) | (3,196 | ) | (1,455 | )
Total recoveries | (6,944 | ) | (9,984 | ) | (7,225 | )
Net charge-offs | 12,451 |  | 10,368 |  | 6,938 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses: |  |  |
Ohio-based subsidiaries loans | 11,819 |  | 7,616 |  | 10,515 |
PNB participations in Vision loans | (4 | ) | (3,118 | ) | (1,435 | )
Total provision for loan losses | 11,815 |  | 4,498 |  | 9,080 |
ALLL, ending balance | $ | 49,988 |  | $ | 50,624 |  | $ | 56,494 |
Average loans, Ohio-based subsidiaries | $ | 5,316,035 |  | $ | 5,108,428 |  | $ | 4,891,670 |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans | 0.23 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.14 | %
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans - excluding PNB participations in Vision loans | 0.23 | % | 0.26 | % | 0.17 | %

Charge-offs for 2017 include the charge-off of $163,000 in specific reserves for which provision expense had been recognized in a prior year, compared to $2.2 million for 2016 and $412,000 for 2015. Net charge-offs adjusted for changes in specific reserves as a percentage of average loans for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015 were 0.24%, 0.13%, and 0.15%, respectively.
SEPH, as a non-bank subsidiary of Park, does not carry an ALLL balance, but recognizes a provision for loan losses when a charge-off is taken and recognizes a recovery of loan losses when a recovery is received.

Table 28 - ALLL Information - SEPH |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
ALLL, beginning balance | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Charge-offs | 8 |  | 447 |  | 127 |
Recoveries | (3,266 | ) | (10,046 | ) | (4,217 | )
Net recoveries | (3,258 | ) | (9,599 | ) | (4,090 | )
Recovery of loan losses: | (3,258 | ) | (9,599 | ) | (4,090 | )
ALLL, ending balance | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Average loans | $ | 11,472 |  | $ | 14,434 |  | $ | 17,910 |

23

At year-end 2017, the allowance for loan losses was $50.0 million, or 0.93% of total loans outstanding, compared to $50.6 million, or 0.96% of total loans outstanding at year-end 2016, and compared to $56.5 million, or 1.11% of total loans outstanding at year-end 2015. The table below provides additional information related to specific reserves on impaired commercial loans and general reserves for all other loans in Park’s portfolio at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Table 29 - General Reserve Trends - Park |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Allowance for loan losses, end of period |  | $ | 49,988 |  |  | $ | 50,624 |  |  | $ | 56,494 |
Specific reserves |  | 684 |  |  | 548 |  |  | 4,191 |
General reserves |  | $ | 49,304 |  |  | $ | 50,076 |  |  | $ | 52,303 |
Total loans |  | $ | 5,372,483 |  |  | $ | 5,271,857 |  |  | $ | 5,068,085 |
Impaired commercial loans |  | 56,545 |  |  | 70,415 |  |  | 80,599 |
Non-impaired loans |  | $ | 5,315,938 |  |  | $ | 5,201,442 |  |  | $ | 4,987,486 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of year-end loans |  | 0.93 | % |  | 0.96 | % |  | 1.11 | %
General reserves as a percentage of non-impaired loans |  | 0.93 | % |  | 0.96 | % |  | 1.05 | %

Specific reserves increased $136,000 to $684,000 at December 31, 2017, compared to $548,000 at December 31, 2016. General reserves decreased $772,000, or 1.5%, to $49.3 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $50.1 million at December 31, 2016. The decrease in general reserves was due to the ongoing evaluation of the required allowance for loan losses to cover probable incurred losses in the Park loan portfolio.
Management believes that the allowance for loan losses at year-end 2017 is adequate to absorb probable, incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and the discussion under the heading “CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES” earlier in this Management's Discussion and Analysis for additional information on management’s evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.
24

The table below provides a summary of Park's loan loss experience over the past five years:

Table 30 - Summary of Loan Loss Experience |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Average loans (net of unearned interest) |  | $ | 5,327,507 |  |  | $ | 5,122,862 |  |  | $ | 4,909,579 |  |  | $ | 4,717,297 |  |  | $ | 4,514,781 |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | 50,624 |  |  | 56,494 |  |  | 54,352 |  |  | 59,468 |  |  | 55,537 |
Charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
and agricultural |  | 6,017 |  |  | 5,786 |  |  | 2,478 |  |  | 3,779 |  |  | 6,160 |
Real estate - construction |  | 105 |  |  | 1,436 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 1,316 |  |  | 1,791 |
Real estate - residential |  | 1,208 |  |  | 3,014 |  |  | 2,352 |  |  | 3,944 |  |  | 3,207 |
Real estate - commercial |  | 1,798 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 8,003 |  |  | 1,832 |
Consumer |  | 10,275 |  |  | 10,151 |  |  | 8,642 |  |  | 7,738 |  |  | 6,163 |
Leases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total charge-offs |  | $ | 19,403 |  |  | $ | 20,799 |  |  | $ | 14,290 |  |  | $ | 24,780 |  |  | $ | 19,153 |
Recoveries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
and agricultural |  | $ | 809 |  |  | $ | 1,259 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 1,003 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |
Real estate - construction |  | 2,124 |  |  | 8,559 |  |  | 2,092 |  |  | 12,572 |  |  | 9,378 |
Real estate - residential |  | 1,863 |  |  | 2,446 |  |  | 2,438 |  |  | 2,985 |  |  | 6,000 |
Real estate - commercial |  | 810 |  |  | 3,671 |  |  | 2,241 |  |  | 7,759 |  |  | 726 |
Consumer |  | 4,603 |  |  | 4,094 |  |  | 3,295 |  |  | 2,671 |  |  | 2,249 |
Leases |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |
Total recoveries |  | $ | 10,210 |  |  | $ | 20,030 |  |  | $ | 11,442 |  |  | $ | 26,997 |  |  | $ | 19,669 |
Net charge-offs (recoveries) |  | $ | 9,193 |  |  | $ | 769 |  |  | $ | 2,848 |  |  | $ | (2,217 | ) |  | $ | (516 | )
Provision (recovery) included in earnings |  | 8,557 |  |  | (5,101 | ) |  | 4,990 |  |  | (7,333 | ) |  | 3,415 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 49,988 |  |  | $ | 50,624 |  |  | $ | 56,494 |  |  | $ | 54,352 |  |  | $ | 59,468 |
Ratio of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans |  | 0.17 | % |  | 0.02 | % |  | 0.06 | % |  | (0.05 | )% |  | (0.01 | )%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
to end of year loans |  | 0.93 | % |  | 0.96 | % |  | 1.11 | % |  | 1.13 | % |  | 1.29 | %

25

The following table summarizes Park's allocation of the allowance for loan losses for the past five years:

Table 31 - Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses |  |
December 31, | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013
(In thousands) | Allowance | Percent of Loans Per Category | Allowance | Percent of Loans Per Category | Allowance | Percent of Loans Per Category | Allowance | Percent of Loans Per Category | Allowance | Percent of Loans Per Category
Commercial, financial, and agricultural | $ | 15,022 |  | 19.61 | % | $ | 13,434 |  | 18.87 | % | $ | 13,694 |  | 18.86 | % | $ | 10,719 |  | 17.73 | % | $ | 14,218 |  | 17.87 | %
Real estate - construction | 4,430 |  | 3.38 | % | 5,247 |  | 3.58 | % | 8,564 |  | 3.42 | % | 8,652 |  | 3.23 | % | 6,855 |  | 3.38 | %
Real estate - residential | 9,321 |  | 32.11 | % | 10,958 |  | 34.31 | % | 13,514 |  | 36.61 | % | 14,772 |  | 38.33 | % | 14,251 |  | 38.95 | %
Real estate - commercial | 9,601 |  | 21.73 | % | 10,432 |  | 21.92 | % | 9,197 |  | 21.97 | % | 8,808 |  | 22.15 | % | 15,899 |  | 24.07 | %
Consumer | 11,614 |  | 23.11 | % | 10,553 |  | 21.26 | % | 11,524 |  | 19.08 | % | 11,401 |  | 18.49 | % | 8,245 |  | 15.66 | %
Leases | — |  | 0.06 | % | — |  | 0.06 | % | 1 |  | 0.06 | % | — |  | 0.07 | % | — |  | 0.07 | %
Total | $ | 49,988 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 50,624 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 56,494 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 54,352 |  | 100.00 | % | $ | 59,468 |  | 100.00 | %

As of December 31, 2017, Park had no concentrations of loans exceeding 10% to borrowers engaged in the same or similar industries nor did Park have any loans to foreign governments.
Nonperforming Assets: Nonperforming loans include: 1) loans whose interest is accounted for on a nonaccrual basis; 2) troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) on accrual status; and 3) loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments, where interest continues to accrue. Park's management continues to evaluate TDRs to determine those that may be appropriate to return to accrual status. Specifically, if the restructured note has been current for a period of at least six months and management expects the borrower will remain current throughout the renegotiated contract, the loan may be returned to accrual status. Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans, OREO and other nonperforming assets. OREO results from taking possession of property that served as collateral for a defaulted loan. Other nonperforming assets consists of receivables acquired through a loan workout.
Generally, management obtains updated appraisal information for nonperforming loans and OREO annually. As new appraisal information is received, management performs an evaluation of the appraisal and applies a discount for anticipated disposition costs to determine the net realizable value of the collateral, which is compared to the outstanding principal balance to determine if additional write-downs are necessary.
26

The following is a summary of Park’s nonaccrual loans, accruing TDRs, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing, and OREO at the end of each of the last five years:

Table 32 - Park - Nonperforming Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Nonaccrual loans |  | $ | 72,056 |  |  | $ | 87,822 |  |  | $ | 95,887 |  |  | $ | 100,393 |  |  | $ | 135,216 |
Accruing TDRs |  | 20,111 |  |  | 18,175 |  |  | 24,979 |  |  | 16,254 |  |  | 18,747 |
Loans past due 90 days or more and accruing |  | 1,792 |  |  | 2,086 |  |  | 1,921 |  |  | 2,641 |  |  | 1,677 |
Total nonperforming loans |  | $ | 93,959 |  |  | $ | 108,083 |  |  | $ | 122,787 |  |  | $ | 119,288 |  |  | $ | 155,640 |
OREO – PNB |  | 6,524 |  |  | 6,025 |  |  | 7,456 |  |  | 10,687 |  |  | 11,412 |
OREO – SEPH |  | 7,666 |  |  | 7,901 |  |  | 11,195 |  |  | 11,918 |  |  | 23,224 |
Other nonperforming assets - PNB |  | 4,849 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total nonperforming assets |  | $ | 112,998 |  |  | $ | 122,009 |  |  | $ | 141,438 |  |  | $ | 141,893 |  |  | $ | 190,276 |
Percentage of nonperforming loans to total loans |  | 1.75 | % |  | 2.05 | % |  | 2.42 | % |  | 2.47 | % |  | 3.37 | %
Percentage of nonperforming assets to total loans |  | 2.10 | % |  | 2.31 | % |  | 2.79 | % |  | 2.94 | % |  | 4.12 | %
Percentage of nonperforming assets to total assets |  | 1.50 | % |  | 1.63 | % |  | 1.93 | % |  | 2.03 | % |  | 2.87 | %

SEPH nonperforming assets at the end of each of the last five years were as follows:

Table 33 - SEPH - Nonperforming Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Nonaccrual loans |  | $ | 10,303 |  |  | $ | 11,738 |  |  | $ | 14,419 |  |  | $ | 22,916 |  |  | $ | 36,108 |
Accruing TDRs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |
Loans past due 90 days or more and accruing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total nonperforming loans |  | $ | 10,303 |  |  | $ | 11,738 |  |  | $ | 14,419 |  |  | $ | 23,013 |  |  | $ | 36,108 |
OREO - SEPH |  | 7,666 |  |  | 7,901 |  |  | 11,195 |  |  | 11,918 |  |  | 23,224 |
Total nonperforming assets |  | $ | 17,969 |  |  | $ | 19,639 |  |  | $ | 25,614 |  |  | $ | 34,931 |  |  | $ | 59,332 |

Nonperforming assets for Park, excluding SEPH, at the end of each of the last five years were as follows:

Table 34 - Park excluding SEPH - Nonperforming Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Nonaccrual loans |  | $ | 61,753 |  |  | $ | 76,084 |  |  | $ | 81,468 |  |  | $ | 77,477 |  |  | $ | 99,108 |
Accruing TDRs |  | 20,111 |  |  | 18,175 |  |  | 24,979 |  |  | 16,157 |  |  | 18,747 |
Loans past due 90 days or more and accruing |  | 1,792 |  |  | 2,086 |  |  | 1,921 |  |  | 2,641 |  |  | 1,677 |
Total nonperforming loans |  | $ | 83,656 |  |  | $ | 96,345 |  |  | $ | 108,368 |  |  | $ | 96,275 |  |  | $ | 119,532 |
OREO – PNB |  | 6,524 |  |  | 6,025 |  |  | 7,456 |  |  | 10,687 |  |  | 11,412 |
Other nonperforming assets - PNB |  | 4,849 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total nonperforming assets (1) |  | $ | 95,029 |  |  | $ | 102,370 |  |  | $ | 115,824 |  |  | $ | 106,962 |  |  | $ | 130,944 |
Percentage of nonperforming loans to total loans |  | 1.56 | % |  | 1.83 | % |  | 2.14 | % |  | 2.00 | % |  | 2.61 | %
Percentage of nonperforming assets to total loans |  | 1.77 | % |  | 1.95 | % |  | 2.29 | % |  | 2.23 | % |  | 2.86 | %
Percentage of nonperforming assets to total assets |  | 1.27 | % |  | 1.38 | % |  | 1.60 | % |  | 1.55 | % |  | 2.00 | %

(1) Includes PNB participations in loans originated by Vision and related OREO totaling $9.0 million, $9.6 million, $9.8 million, $11.5 million, and $12.3 million at December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
27

Park’s allowance for loan losses includes an allocation for loans specifically identified as impaired under GAAP. At December 31, 2017, loans considered to be impaired consisted substantially of commercial loans graded as "substandard" or “doubtful” and placed on non-accrual status. Specific reserves on impaired commercial loans are typically based on management’s best estimate of the fair value of collateral securing these loans. The amount ultimately charged off for these loans may be different from the specific reserve as the ultimate liquidation of the collateral may be for amounts different from management’s estimates.
When determining the quarterly and annual loan loss provision, Park reviews the grades of commercial loans. These loans are graded from 1 to 8. A grade of 1 indicates little or no credit risk and a grade of 8 is considered a loss. Commercial loans that are pass-rated are considered to be of acceptable credit risk. Commercial loans graded a 5 (special mention) are considered to be watch list credits and a higher loan loss reserve percentage is allocated to these loans. Commercial loans graded a 6 (substandard), also considered watch list credits, are considered to represent higher credit risk and, as a result, a higher loan loss reserve percentage is allocated to these loans. Generally, commercial loans that are graded a 6 are considered for partial charge-off or have been charged down to the net realizable value of the underlying collateral. Commercial loans graded a 7 (doubtful) are shown as nonperforming and Park charges these loans down to their fair value by taking a partial charge-off or recording a specific reserve. Any commercial loan graded an 8 (loss) is completely charged off.
The following table highlights the credit trends within the commercial loan portfolio of Park’s Ohio-based operations.

Table 35 - Park Ohio - Commercial Credit Trends |  |  |
Commercial loans * (In thousands) | December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | December 31, 2015
Pass rated | $ | 2,654,784 |  | $ | 2,601,607 |  | $ | 2,493,518 |
Special Mention | 22,873 |  | 14,644 |  | 24,223 |
Substandard | 605 |  | 441 |  | 4,268 |
Impaired | 46,242 |  | 58,676 |  | 66,232 |
Total | $ | 2,724,504 |  | $ | 2,675,368 |  | $ | 2,588,241 |

* Commercial loans include: (1) Commercial, financial and agricultural loans, (2) Commercial real estate loans, (3) Commercial related loans in the construction real estate portfolio and (4) Commercial related loans in the residential real estate portfolio.
Delinquencies have remained low for Park's Ohio-based operations over the past 36 months. Delinquent and accruing loans were $26.5 million, or 0.49% of total loans at December 31, 2017, compared to $27.8 million, or 0.53% of total loans at December 31, 2016, and $25.7 million, or 0.51% of total loans at December 31, 2015.
Impaired commercial loans for Park's Ohio-based operations were $46.2 million at December 31, 2017, a decrease of $12.4 million, compared to $58.7 million at December 31, 2016. The $46.2 million of impaired commercial loans at December 31, 2017 included $7.0 million of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring which are currently on accrual status and performing in accordance with the restructured terms, up slightly from $6.4 million at December 31, 2016. Impaired commercial loans are individually evaluated for impairment and specific reserves are established to cover any probable, incurred losses for those loans that have not been charged down to the net realizable value of the underlying collateral or to the net present value of expected cash flows.
Park had $23.5 million of non-impaired commercial loans included on the watch list at December 31, 2017, compared to $15.1 million of non-impaired commercial loans included on the watch list at December 31, 2016, and $28.5 million of non-impaired commercial loans at year-end 2015. Commercial loans include: (1) commercial, financial and agricultural loans; (2) commercial real estate loans; (3) certain real estate construction loans; and (4) certain residential real estate loans. Park’s watch list includes all criticized and classified commercial loans, defined by Park as loans rated special mention or worse, less those commercial loans currently considered to be impaired. As a percentage of year-end total commercial loans, Park’s watch list of potential problem commercial loans was 0.9% in 2017, 0.6% in 2016, and 1.1% in 2015. The existing conditions of these loans do not warrant classification as nonaccrual. However, these loans have shown some weakness and management performs additional analyses regarding each borrower’s ability to comply with payment terms.
28

As of December 31, 2017, management had taken partial charge-offs of approximately $10.0 million related to the $56.5 million of commercial loans considered to be impaired, compared to charge-offs of approximately $24.9 million related to the $70.4 million of impaired commercial loans at December 31, 2016. The table below provides additional information related to Park's impaired commercial loans at December 31, 2017, including those impaired commercial loans at PNB excluding SEPH, PNB participations in impaired Vision loans and those impaired Vision commercial loans retained at SEPH.

Table 36 - Park Impaired Commercial Loans |  |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Unpaid principal balance (UPB) |  | Prior charge- offs |  | Total impaired loans |  | Specific reserve |  | Carrying balance |  | Carrying balance as a % of UPB
PNB excluding SEPH |  | $ | 51,871 |  |  | $ | 10,040 |  |  | $ | 41,831 |  |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 41,147 |  |  | 79.33 | %
PNB Participations in Vision loans |  | 4,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,411 |  |  | 100.00 | %
SEPH |  | 10,303 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,303 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,303 |  |  | 100.00 | %
Total Park |  | $ | 66,585 |  |  | $ | 10,040 |  |  | $ | 56,545 |  |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 55,861 |  |  | 83.89 | %

Allowance for loan losses: Loss factors are reviewed quarterly and updated at least annually to reflect recent loan loss history and incorporate current risk and trends which may not be recognized in historical data.
A significant portion of Park’s allowance for loan losses is allocated to commercial loans. “Special mention” loans are loans that have potential weaknesses that may result in loss exposure to Park. “Substandard” loans are those that exhibit a well-defined weakness, jeopardizing repayment of the loans, resulting in a higher probability that Park will suffer a loss on the loans unless the weakness is corrected. The allowance for loan losses related to performing commercial loans was $32.0 million or 1.20% of the outstanding principal balance of other accruing commercial loans at December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, the coverage level within the commercial loan portfolio was approximately 3.24 years compared to 3.20 years at December 31, 2016. Historical loss experience, defined as charge-offs plus changes in specific reserves, over the past 96 months for the commercial loan portfolio was 0.37% for 2017. Historical loss experience over the past 84 months for the commercial portfolio was 0.39% for 2016. This 96-month loss experience includes only the performance of the PNB loan portfolio and excludes the impact of PNB participations in Vision loans.
The overall reserve of 1.20% for other accruing commercial loans breaks down as follows: pass-rated commercial loans are reserved at 1.17%; special mention commercial loans are reserved at 4.31%; and substandard commercial loans are reserved at 4.43%. The reserve levels for pass-rated, special mention and substandard commercial loans in excess of the annualized 96-month loss experience of 0.37% are due to the following factors which management reviews on a quarterly or annual basis:

• | Historical Loss Factor: Management updated the historical loss calculation during the fourth quarter of 2017, incorporating annualized net charge-offs plus changes in specific reserves through December 31, 2017. With the addition of 2017 historical losses, management extended the historical loss period to 96 months from 84 months. The 96 month historical loss period captures all annual periods subsequent to June 2009, the end of the most recent recession, thus encompassing the full economic cycle to date.

• | Loss Emergence Period Factor: At least annually, management calculates the loss emergence period for each commercial loan segment. This loss emergence period is calculated based upon the average period of time it takes from the probable occurrence of a loss event to the credit being moved to nonaccrual. If the loss emergence period for any commercial loan segment is greater than one year, management applies additional general reserves to all performing loans within that segment of the commercial loan portfolio. The loss emergence period was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2017.

• | Loss Migration Factor: Park’s commercial loans are individually risk graded. If loan downgrades occur, the probability of default increases, and accordingly, management allocates a higher percentage reserve to those accruing commercial loans graded special mention and substandard. Annually, management calculates a loss migration factor for each commercial loan segment for special mention and substandard credits based on a review of losses over the period of time a loan takes to migrate from pass-rated to impaired. The loss migration factor was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2017.

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• | Environmental Loss Factor: Management has identified certain macroeconomic factors that trend in accordance with losses in Park’s commercial loan portfolio. These macroeconomic factors are reviewed quarterly and the adjustments made to the environmental loss factor impacting each segment in the performing commercial loan portfolio correlate to changes in the macroeconomic environment. The environmental loss factor was reduced by 0.025% during the first quarter of 2017 due to improved consumer confidence, as measured by the Conference Board Consumer Confidence Index.

Generally, consumer loans are not individually graded. Consumer loans include: (1) mortgage and installment loans included in the construction real estate segment of the loan portfolio; (2) mortgage, home equity lines of credit (HELOC), and installment loans included in the residential real estate segment of the loan portfolio; and (3) all loans included in the consumer segment of the loan portfolio. The amount of loan loss reserve assigned to these loans is based on historical loss experience over the past 96 months, through December 31, 2017. Management generally considers a one-year coverage period (the “Historical Loss Factor”) appropriate because the probable loss on any given loan in the consumer loan pool should ordinarily become apparent in that time frame. However, management may incorporate adjustments to the Historical Loss Factor as circumstances warrant additional reserves (e.g., increased loan delinquencies, borrower bankruptcy status, improving or deteriorating economic conditions, changes in lending management and underwriting standards, etc.). At December 31, 2017, the coverage level within the consumer loan portfolio was approximately 1.92 years compared to 1.95 years at December 31, 2016. Historical loss experience over the past 96 months for the consumer loan portfolio was 0.34% for 2017. This compares to historical loss experience over an 84 month period for the consumer loan portfolio of 0.34% for 2016.
The judgmental increases discussed above incorporate management’s evaluation of the impact of environmental qualitative factors which pose additional risks and assignment of a component of the allowance for loan losses in consideration of these factors. Such environmental factors include: national and local economic trends and conditions; experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff; effects of any changes in lending policies and procedures; and levels of, and trends in, consumer bankruptcies, delinquencies, impaired loans, and charge-offs and recoveries. The determination of this component of the allowance for loan losses requires considerable management judgment. Management is working to address weaknesses in those loans that may result in future loss. Actual loss experience may be more or less than the amount allocated.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity and Interest Rate Sensitivity Management: Park’s objective in managing its liquidity is to maintain the ability to continuously meet the cash flow needs of customers, such as borrowings or deposit withdrawals, while at the same time seeking higher yields from longer-term lending and investing activities.
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $22.7 million during 2017 to $169.1 million at year end. Cash provided by operating activities was $88.0 million in 2017, $87.9 million in 2016, and $89.2 million in 2015. Net income was the primary source of cash from operating activities during each year.
Cash used in investing activities was $62.0 million in 2017, $152.6 million in 2016, and $395.5 million in 2015. Investment security transactions and loan originations/repayments are the major use or source of cash in investing activities. Proceeds from the sale, repayment or maturity of investment securities provide cash and purchases of investment securities use cash. Net investment security transactions provided cash of $67.4 million in 2017 and $59.7 million in 2016, and used cash of $145.2 million in 2015. Cash used by the net increase in the loan portfolio was $119.3 million in 2017, $199.5 million in 2016, and $247.9 million in 2015.
Cash used in financing activities was $3.4 million in 2017 and cash provided by financing activities was $61.7 million in 2016, and $218.0 million in 2015. A major source of cash provided by financing activities is the net change in deposits. Deposits increased and provided $295.4 million of cash in 2017, $174.3 million of cash in 2016, and $219.6 million of cash in 2015. Other major sources of cash from financing activities are short-term borrowings and long-term debt. In 2017, net short-term borrowings decreased and used $3.5 million in cash and net long-term debt decreased and used $230.0 million in cash. In 2016, net long-term debt decreased and used $55.6 million in cash. In 2015, net short-term borrowings increased and provided $117.3 million in cash, and net long-term debt decreased and used $55.1 million in cash. Finally, cash declined by $57.5 million in 2017, $57.7 million in 2016, and $57.8 million in 2015, from the payment of cash dividends.
Funds are available from a number of sources, including the capital markets, the investment securities portfolio, the core deposit base, Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings, the capability to securitize or package loans for sale, and a $10.0 million revolving line of credit with another financial institution, which did not have an outstanding balance as of December 31, 2017. In the opinion of Park's management, the present funding sources provide more than adequate liquidity for Park to meet our cash flow needs.
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The following table shows interest rate sensitivity data for five different time intervals as of December 31, 2017:

Table 37 - Interest Rate Sensitivity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 0-3 |  | 3-12 |  | 1-3 |  | 3-5 |  | Over 5 |  |
(In thousands) |  | Months |  | Months |  | Years |  | Years |  | Years |  | Total
Interest earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities (1) |  | $ | 116,323 |  |  | $ | 207,659 |  |  | $ | 372,116 |  |  | $ | 196,709 |  |  | $ | 624,521 |  |  | $ | 1,517,328 |
Money market instruments |  | 37,166 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,166 |
Loans (1) |  | 1,439,358 |  |  | 1,234,641 |  |  | 1,816,796 |  |  | 694,264 |  |  | 187,424 |  |  | 5,372,483 |
Total interest earning assets |  | 1,592,847 |  |  | 1,442,300 |  |  | 2,188,912 |  |  | 890,973 |  |  | 811,945 |  |  | 6,926,977 |
Interest bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest bearing transaction accounts (2) |  | $ | 677,919 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 582,176 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,260,095 |
Savings accounts (2) |  | 784,165 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,104,380 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,888,545 |
Time deposits |  | 278,775 |  |  | 329,445 |  |  | 318,854 |  |  | 105,870 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 1,033,476 |
Other |  | — |  |  | 1,269 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,269 |
Total deposits |  | 1,740,859 |  |  | 330,714 |  |  | 2,005,410 |  |  | 105,870 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 4,183,385 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 391,289 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 391,289 |
Long-term debt |  | — |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 500,000 |
Subordinated notes |  | 15,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,000 |
Total interest bearing liabilities |  | 2,147,148 |  |  | 480,714 |  |  | 2,155,410 |  |  | 205,870 |  |  | 100,532 |  |  | 5,089,674 |
Interest rate sensitivity gap |  | (554,301 | ) |  | 961,586 |  |  | 33,502 |  |  | 685,103 |  |  | 711,413 |  |  | 1,837,303 |
Cumulative rate sensitivity gap |  | (554,301 | ) |  | 407,285 |  |  | 440,787 |  |  | 1,125,890 |  |  | 1,837,303 |  |  |
Cumulative gap as a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
percentage of total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
interest earning assets |  | (8.00 | )% |  | 5.88 | % |  | 6.36 | % |  | 16.25 | % |  | 26.52 | % |  |

(1) | Investment securities and loans that are subject to prepayment are shown in the table by the earlier of their re-pricing date or their expected repayment date and not by their contractual maturity date. Nonaccrual loans of $72.1 million are included within the three-month to twelve-month maturity category.

(2) | Management considers interest bearing transaction accounts and savings accounts to be core deposits and, therefore, not as rate sensitive as other deposit accounts and borrowed money. Accordingly, only 54% of interest bearing transaction accounts and 42% of savings accounts are considered to re-price within one year. If all of the interest bearing transaction accounts and savings accounts were considered to re-price within one year, the one-year cumulative gap would change from a positive 5.88% to a negative 18.47%.

The interest rate sensitivity gap analysis provides an overall picture of Park’s static interest rate risk position. At December 31, 2017, the cumulative interest earning assets maturing or repricing within twelve months were $3,035 million compared to the cumulative interest bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within twelve months of $2,628 million. For the twelve-month cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap position, rate sensitive assets exceeded rate sensitive liabilities by $407 million or 5.88% of interest earning assets.
A positive twelve-month cumulative rate sensitivity gap (assets exceed liabilities) would suggest that Park’s net interest margin would increase if interest rates were to increase. Conversely, a negative twelve-month cumulative rate sensitivity gap would suggest that Park’s net interest margin would decrease if interest rates were to increase. However, the usefulness of the interest rate sensitivity gap analysis as a forecasting tool in projecting net interest income is limited. The gap analysis does not consider the magnitude, timing or frequency by which assets or liabilities will reprice during a period and also contains assumptions as to the repricing of transaction and savings accounts that may not prove to be correct.
The cumulative twelve-month interest rate sensitivity gap position at year-end 2016 was a positive $199 million or 2.89% of total interest earning assets. The percentage of interest earning assets maturing or repricing within one year was 43.8% at year-end 2017, compared to 43.0% at year-end 2016. The percentage of interest bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within one year was 51.6% at year-end 2017, compared to 53.8% at year-end 2016.
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Management supplements the interest rate sensitivity gap analysis with periodic simulations of balance sheet sensitivity under various interest rate and what-if scenarios to better forecast and manage the net interest margin. Park’s management uses an earnings simulation model to analyze net interest income sensitivity to movements in interest rates. This model is based on actual cash flows and repricing characteristics for balance sheet instruments and incorporates market-based assumptions regarding the impact of changing interest rates on the prepayment rate of certain assets and liabilities. This model also includes management’s projections for activity levels of various balance sheet instruments and non-interest fee income and operating expense. Assumptions based on the historical behavior of deposit rates and balances in relation to changes in interest rates are also incorporated into this earnings simulation model. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure net interest income and net income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies.
Management uses a 50 basis point change in market interest rates per quarter for a total of 200 basis points per year in evaluating the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income and net income over a twelve-month horizon. At December 31, 2017, the earnings simulation model projected that net income would decrease by 1.8% using a rising interest rate scenario and decrease by 5.2% using a declining interest rate scenario over the next year. At December 31, 2016, the earnings simulation model projected that net income would decrease by 1.9% using a rising interest rate scenario and decrease by 6.3% using a declining interest rate scenario over the next year. At December 31, 2015, the earnings simulation model projected that net income would decrease by 0.4% using a rising interest rate scenario and decrease by 10.9% using a declining interest rate scenario over the next year. Consistently, over the past several years, Park’s earnings simulation model has projected that changes in interest rates would have only a small impact on net income and the net interest margin. Park’s net interest margin was 3.48% in 2017, 3.52% in 2016 and 3.39% in 2015.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
In the ordinary course of operations, Park enters into certain contractual obligations. The following table summarizes Park’s significant and determinable obligations by payment date at December 31, 2017.
Further discussion of the nature of each specified obligation is included in the referenced Note to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table 38 - Contractual Obligations
December 31, 2017 |  | Payments Due In
|  |  |  | 0-1 |  | 1-3 |  | 3-5 |  | Over 5 |  |
(In thousands) |  | Note |  | Years |  | Years |  | Years |  | Years |  | Total
Deposits without stated maturity |  | 11 |  | $ | 4,783,850 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,783,850 |
Certificates of deposit |  | 11 |  | 590,331 |  |  | 336,738 |  |  | 105,875 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 1,033,476 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 13 |  | 391,289 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 391,289 |
Long-term debt |  | 14 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 500,000 |
Subordinated notes |  | 15 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,000 |  |  | 15,000 |
Operating leases |  | 9 |  | 1,726 |  |  | 2,428 |  |  | 948 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 5,409 |
Defined benefit pension plan (1) |  | 18 |  | 8,274 |  |  | 17,724 |  |  | 21,463 |  |  | 53,456 |  |  | 100,917 |
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan |  | 18 |  | 626 |  |  | 1,512 |  |  | 1,427 |  |  | 31,462 |  |  | 35,027 |
Purchase obligations |  |  |  | 240 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 316 |
Total contractual obligations |  |  |  | $ | 5,926,336 |  |  | $ | 508,478 |  |  | $ | 229,713 |  |  | $ | 200,757 |  |  | $ | 6,865,284 |

(1) Pension payments reflect 10 years of payments, through 2028.
As of December 31, 2017, Park had $14.3 million in unfunded commitments related to investments in qualified affordable housing projects which are not included in Table 38. Commitments are funded when capital calls are made by the general partner. Park expects that the current commitments will be funded between 2018 and 2027.
As of December 31, 2017, Park had $7.2 million in unfunded commitments related to certain equity investments which are not included in Table 38. Commitments are funded when capital calls are made by the general partner.
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The Corporation’s operating lease obligations represent short-term and long-term lease and rental payments for facilities and equipment. Purchase obligations represent obligations under agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on the Corporation.
Commitments, Contingent Liabilities, and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: In order to meet the financing needs of our customers, the Corporation issues loan commitments and standby letters of credit. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation had $893.2 million of loan commitments for commercial, commercial real estate, and residential real estate loans and had $13.4 million of standby letters of credit. At December 31, 2016, the Corporation had $912.0 million of loan commitments for commercial, commercial real estate, and residential real estate loans and had $13.7 million of standby letters of credit.
Commitments to extend credit under loan commitments and standby letters of credit do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. These commitments often expire without being drawn upon. However, all of the loan commitments and standby letters of credit were permitted to be drawn upon in 2017. See Note 23 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on loan commitments and standby letters of credit.
The Corporation did not have any unrecorded significant contingent liabilities at December 31, 2017.
Capital: Park’s primary means of maintaining capital adequacy is through retained earnings. At December 31, 2017, the Corporation’s total shareholders’ equity was $756.1 million, compared to $742.2 million at December 31, 2016. Total shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2017 was 10.03% of total assets, compared to 9.94% of total assets at December 31, 2016.
Tangible shareholders’ equity was $683.8 million [total shareholders’ equity ($756.1 million) less goodwill ($72.3 million)] at December 31, 2017 and was $669.9 million [total shareholders’ equity ($742.2 million) less goodwill ($72.3 million)] at December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2017, tangible shareholders’ equity was 9.16% of total tangible assets [total assets ($7,538 million) less goodwill ($72.3 million)], compared to 9.06% of total tangible assets [total assets ($7,468 million) less goodwill ($72.3 million)] at December 31, 2016.
Net income was $84.2 million in 2017, $86.1 million in 2016 and $81.0 million in 2015.
Cash dividends declared for Park's common shares were $57.9 million in 2017, $58.0 million in 2016 and $57.9 million in 2015. On a per share basis, the cash dividends declared were $3.76 per share in each of 2017, 2016 and 2015.
The table below shows the repurchases and issuances of treasury shares for 2015 through 2017.

Table 39 |  |
(In thousands, except share data) | Treasury Shares | Number of Common Shares
Balance at January 1, 2015 | $ | (77,439 | ) | 15,392,399 |
Cash payment for fractional shares in dividend reinvestment plan | — |  | (34 | )
Treasury shares repurchased | (6,058 | ) | (71,700 | )
Treasury shares reissued for director grants | 1,024 |  | 10,150 |
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | (82,473 | ) | 15,330,815 |
Cash payment for fractional shares in dividend reinvestment plan | — |  | (47 | )
Treasury shares repurchased | — |  | — |
Treasury shares reissued for director grants | 1,001 |  | 9,950 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | (81,472 | ) | 15,340,718 |
Cash payment for fractional shares in dividend reinvestment plan | — |  | (55 | )
Treasury shares repurchased | (7,378 | ) | (70,000 | )
Treasury shares reissued for share-based compensation awards | 645 |  | 6,381 |
Treasury shares reissued for director grants | 1,126 |  | 11,150 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | (87,079 | ) | 15,288,194 |

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Park did not issue any new common shares, which it had not already held as treasury shares, in any of 2017, 2016 or 2015. Common shares had a balance of $307.7 million, $305.8 million, and $304.0 million, at December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (net) was $26.5 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $17.7 million at December 31, 2016, and $15.6 million at December 31, 2015. During the 2017 year, the change in net unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of income tax, was a gain of $77,000. During the 2016 year, the change in net unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of income tax, was a loss of $2.7 million. During the 2015 year, the change in net unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of income tax, was a loss of $1.5 million. Finally, Park recognized an other comprehensive loss of $8.8 million, net of income tax, related to the change in pension plan assets and benefit obligations in 2017, compared to an other comprehensive gain of $611,000, net of income tax, related to the change in pension plan assets and benefit obligations in 2016, and an other comprehensive loss of $486,000, net of income tax, in 2015.
Financial institution regulators have established guidelines for minimum capital ratios for banks, thrifts and bank holding companies. Park has elected not to include the net unrealized gain or loss on AFS securities in computing regulatory capital. During the first quarter of 2015, Park adopted the Basel III regulatory capital framework as approved by the federal banking agencies. The adoption of this framework modified the calculation of the various capital ratios, added an additional ratio, common equity tier 1, and revised the adequately and well-capitalized thresholds under the prompt corrective action regulations applicable to PNB. Additionally, under this framework, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, Park must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer is being phased in from 0.0% for 2015 to 2.50% by 2019. The capital conservation buffer was 1.25% for 2017 and 0.625% for 2016. The amounts shown below as the adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer includes the fully phased-in 2.50% buffer. The Federal Reserve Board also adopted requirements Park must maintain to be deemed "well-capitalized" and to remain a financial holding company.
Park and PNB met each of the well-capitalized ratio guidelines applicable to them at December 31, 2017. The following table indicates the capital ratios for PNB and Park at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Table 40 - PNB and Park Capital Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| As of December 31, 2017
| Leverage |  | Tier 1 Risk-Based |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  | Total Risk-Based
The Park National Bank | 7.36 | % |  | 10.35 | % |  | 10.35 | % |  | 11.60 | %
Park National Corporation | 9.44 | % |  | 13.22 | % |  | 12.94 | % |  | 14.14 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio | 4.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer | 4.00 | % |  | 8.50 | % |  | 7.00 | % |  | 10.50 | %
Well-capitalized ratio - PNB | 5.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 6.50 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Well-capitalized ratio - Park | N/A |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | 10.00 | %

| As of December 31, 2016
| Leverage |  | Tier 1 Risk-Based |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  | Total Risk-Based
The Park National Bank | 7.34 | % |  | 9.87 | % |  | 9.87 | % |  | 11.24 | %
Park National Corporation | 9.56 | % |  | 12.83 | % |  | 12.55 | % |  | 14.32 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio | 4.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer | 4.00 | % |  | 8.50 | % |  | 7.00 | % |  | 10.50 | %
Well-capitalized ratio - PNB | 5.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 6.50 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Well-capitalized ratio - Park | N/A |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | 10.00 | %

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Effects of Inflation: Balance sheets of financial institutions typically contain assets and liabilities that are monetary in nature and, therefore, differ greatly from most commercial and industrial companies which have significant investments in premises, equipment and inventory. During periods of inflation, financial institutions that are in a net positive monetary position will experience a decline in purchasing power, which does have an impact on growth. Another significant effect on internal equity growth is other expenses, which tend to rise during periods of inflation.
Management believes the most significant impact on financial results is the Corporation's ability to align our asset/liability management program to react to changes in interest rates.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Table 41 - Consolidated Five-Year Selected Financial Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Results of Operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 286,424 |  |  | $ | 276,258 |  |  | $ | 265,074 |  |  | $ | 265,143 |  |  | $ | 262,947 |
Interest expense |  | 42,665 |  |  | 38,172 |  |  | 37,442 |  |  | 40,099 |  |  | 41,922 |
Net interest income |  | 243,759 |  |  | 238,086 |  |  | 227,632 |  |  | 225,044 |  |  | 221,025 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 8,557 |  |  | (5,101 | ) |  | 4,990 |  |  | (7,333 | ) |  | 3,415 |
Net interest income after provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 235,202 |  |  | 243,187 |  |  | 222,642 |  |  | 232,377 |  |  | 217,610 |
Non-interest income |  | 80,635 |  |  | 78,731 |  |  | 77,551 |  |  | 75,549 |  |  | 73,277 |
Non-interest expense |  | 197,368 |  |  | 199,023 |  |  | 186,614 |  |  | 187,510 |  |  | 181,515 |
Net income |  | 84,242 |  |  | 86,135 |  |  | 81,012 |  |  | 83,957 |  |  | 76,869 |
Net income available to common shareholders |  | 84,242 |  |  | 86,135 |  |  | 81,012 |  |  | 83,957 |  |  | 76,869 |
Per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income per common share - basic |  | $ | 5.51 |  |  | $ | 5.62 |  |  | $ | 5.27 |  |  | $ | 5.45 |  |  | $ | 4.99 |
Net income per common share - diluted |  | 5.47 |  |  | 5.59 |  |  | 5.26 |  |  | 5.45 |  |  | 4.99 |
Cash dividends declared |  | 3.76 |  |  | 3.76 |  |  | 3.76 |  |  | 3.76 |  |  | 3.76 |
Average Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  | $ | 5,327,507 |  |  | $ | 5,122,862 |  |  | $ | 4,909,579 |  |  | $ | 4,717,297 |  |  | $ | 4,514,781 |
Investment securities |  | 1,557,156 |  |  | 1,504,667 |  |  | 1,478,208 |  |  | 1,432,692 |  |  | 1,377,887 |
Money market instruments and other |  | 262,100 |  |  | 198,197 |  |  | 342,997 |  |  | 204,874 |  |  | 272,851 |
Total earning assets |  | 7,146,763 |  |  | 6,825,726 |  |  | 6,730,784 |  |  | 6,354,863 |  |  | 6,165,519 |
Non-interest bearing deposits |  | 1,544,986 |  |  | 1,414,885 |  |  | 1,311,628 |  |  | 1,196,625 |  |  | 1,117,379 |
Interest bearing deposits |  | 4,348,110 |  |  | 4,165,919 |  |  | 4,155,196 |  |  | 3,820,928 |  |  | 3,742,361 |
Total deposits |  | 5,893,096 |  |  | 5,580,804 |  |  | 5,466,824 |  |  | 5,017,553 |  |  | 4,859,740 |
Short-term borrowings |  | $ | 229,193 |  |  | $ | 240,457 |  |  | $ | 258,717 |  |  | $ | 263,270 |  |  | $ | 253,123 |
Long-term debt |  | 788,491 |  |  | 776,465 |  |  | 793,469 |  |  | 867,615 |  |  | 870,538 |
Shareholders' equity |  | 755,839 |  |  | 737,737 |  |  | 710,327 |  |  | 680,449 |  |  | 643,609 |
Common shareholders' equity |  | 755,839 |  |  | 737,737 |  |  | 710,327 |  |  | 680,449 |  |  | 643,609 |
Total assets |  | 7,741,043 |  |  | 7,416,519 |  |  | 7,306,460 |  |  | 6,893,302 |  |  | 6,701,049 |

35

Table 41 - continued |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets (x) |  | 1.09 | % |  | 1.16 | % |  | 1.11 | % |  | 1.22 | % |  | 1.15 | %
Return on average common equity (x) |  | 11.15 | % |  | 11.68 | % |  | 11.40 | % |  | 12.34 | % |  | 11.94 | %
Net interest margin (1) |  | 3.48 | % |  | 3.52 | % |  | 3.39 | % |  | 3.55 | % |  | 3.61 | %
Efficiency ratio (1) |  | 59.93 | % |  | 62.34 | % |  | 60.98 | % |  | 62.21 | % |  | 61.40 | %
Dividend payout ratio (2) |  | 68.71 | % |  | 67.29 | % |  | 71.51 | % |  | 69.02 | % |  | 75.39 | %
Average shareholders' equity to average total assets |  | 9.76 | % |  | 9.95 | % |  | 9.72 | % |  | 9.87 | % |  | 9.60 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital |  | 12.94 | % |  | 12.55 | % |  | 12.54 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Leverage capital |  | 9.44 | % |  | 9.56 | % |  | 9.22 | % |  | 9.25 | % |  | 9.48 | %
Tier 1 capital |  | 13.22 | % |  | 12.83 | % |  | 12.82 | % |  | 13.39 | % |  | 13.27 | %
Risk-based capital |  | 14.14 | % |  | 14.32 | % |  | 14.49 | % |  | 15.14 | % |  | 15.91 | %
(1) Calculated utilizing fully taxable equivalent net interest income which includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 35% tax rate. The taxable equivalent adjustments were $5.0 million for 2017, $2.4 million for 2016, $865,000 for 2015, $845,000 for 2014, and $1.3 million for 2013.
(2) Cash dividends paid divided by net income.
(x) Reported measure uses net income available to common shareholders

The following table is a summary of selected quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Table 42 - Quarterly Financial Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except share data) |  | March 31 |  | June 30 |  | Sept. 30 |  | Dec. 31
2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 68,755 |  |  | $ | 70,476 |  |  | $ | 73,224 |  |  | $ | 73,969 |
Interest expense |  | 9,803 |  |  | 10,698 |  |  | 11,673 |  |  | 10,491 |
Net interest income |  | 58,952 |  |  | 59,778 |  |  | 61,551 |  |  | 63,478 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 876 |  |  | 4,581 |  |  | 3,283 |  |  | (183 | )
Income before income taxes |  | 28,121 |  |  | 26,342 |  |  | 30,546 |  |  | 33,460 |
Net income |  | 20,267 |  |  | 19,032 |  |  | 22,112 |  |  | 22,831 |
Per common share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income per common share - basic |  | 1.32 |  |  | 1.24 |  |  | 1.45 |  |  | 1.49 |
Net income per common share - diluted |  | 1.31 |  |  | 1.24 |  |  | 1.44 |  |  | 1.48 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic |  | 15,312,059 |  |  | 15,297,085 |  |  | 15,287,974 |  |  | 15,285,174 |
Weighted-average common shares equivalent - diluted |  | 15,432,769 |  |  | 15,398,865 |  |  | 15,351,590 |  |  | 15,378,825 |
2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 69,308 |  |  | $ | 67,011 |  |  | $ | 68,242 |  |  | $ | 71,697 |
Interest expense |  | 9,489 |  |  | 9,526 |  |  | 9,709 |  |  | 9,448 |
Net interest income |  | 59,819 |  |  | 57,485 |  |  | 58,533 |  |  | 62,249 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 910 |  |  | 2,637 |  |  | (7,366 | ) |  | (1,282 | )
Income before income taxes |  | 26,399 |  |  | 28,278 |  |  | 39,678 |  |  | 28,540 |
Net income |  | 18,686 |  |  | 19,998 |  |  | 27,449 |  |  | 20,002 |
Per common share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income per common share - basic |  | 1.22 |  |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.79 |  |  | 1.30 |
Net income per common share - diluted |  | 1.21 |  |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.78 |  |  | 1.30 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic |  | 15,330,813 |  |  | 15,330,802 |  |  | 15,330,791 |  |  | 15,337,806 |
Weighted-average common shares equivalent - diluted |  | 15,406,508 |  |  | 15,399,283 |  |  | 15,399,707 |  |  | 15,415,132 |

36

Park's common shares (symbol: PRK) are traded on NYSE AMERICAN. At December 31, 2017, Park had 3,518 shareholders of record. The following table sets forth the high, low and closing sale prices of, and dividends declared on, the common shares for each quarterly period for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, as reported by NYSE AMERICAN.

Table 43 - Market and Dividend Information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | High |  | Low |  | Last Price |  | Cash Dividend Declared Per Share
2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter |  | $ | 120.66 |  |  | $ | 102.20 |  |  | $ | 105.20 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |
Second Quarter |  | 111.55 |  |  | 97.85 |  |  | 103.72 |  |  | 0.94 |
Third Quarter |  | 109.48 |  |  | 92.42 |  |  | 107.99 |  |  | 0.94 |
Fourth Quarter |  | 114.33 |  |  | 103.70 |  |  | 104.00 |  |  | 0.94 |
2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Quarter |  | $ | 91.80 |  |  | $ | 79.01 |  |  | $ | 90.00 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |
Second Quarter |  | 95.45 |  |  | 85.35 |  |  | 91.78 |  |  | 0.94 |
Third Quarter |  | 97.20 |  |  | 87.55 |  |  | 96.00 |  |  | 0.94 |
Fourth Quarter |  | 122.88 |  |  | 94.05 |  |  | 119.66 |  |  | 0.94 |

37

PERFORMANCE GRAPH
Table 44 compares the total return performance for Park's common shares with the SNL Financial Bank and Thrift Index, NYSE Composite Index, and the SNL U.S. Bank NYSE Index for the five-year period from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The NYSE Composite Index is a market capitalization-weighted index of the stocks listed on NYSE. The SNL Financial Bank and Thrift Index is comprised of all publicly-traded bank holding company and thrift holding company stocks researched by SNL Financial. The SNL U.S. Bank NYSE index is comprised of all publicly-traded U.S. bank holding company stocks listed on NYSE researched by SNL Financial.
The NYSE Financial Stocks Index includes the stocks of bank holding companies, thrift holding companies, finance companies and securities broker-dealers. Park believes that the SNL Financial Bank and Thrift Index is a more appropriate industry index for Park to use for the five-year total return performance comparison.

Table 44 – Total Return Performance
|  | Period Ending
Index |  | 12/31/12 |  | 12/31/13 |  | 12/31/14 |  | 12/31/15 |  | 12/31/16 |  | 12/31/17
Park National Corporation |  | 100.00 |  |  | 138.44 |  |  | 151.21 |  |  | 161.40 |  |  | 222.14 |  |  | 200.26 |
NYSE Composite |  | 100.00 |  |  | 126.28 |  |  | 134.81 |  |  | 129.29 |  |  | 144.73 |  |  | 171.83 |
SNL Bank and Thrift Index |  | 100.00 |  |  | 136.92 |  |  | 152.85 |  |  | 155.94 |  |  | 196.86 |  |  | 231.49 |
SNL U.S. Bank NYSE |  | 100.00 |  |  | 136.25 |  |  | 154.34 |  |  | 155.27 |  |  | 192.43 |  |  | 232.93 |

The annual compound total return on Park’s common shares for the past five years was a positive 14.9%. By comparison, the annual compound total returns for the past five years on the NYSE Composite Index, the SNL Financial Bank and Thrift Index, and the SNL U.S. Bank NYSE Index were a positive 11.4%, a positive 18.3% and a positive 18.4%, respectively.
38

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Park National Corporation
The management of Park National Corporation (the “Corporation”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, for the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

a) | pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries;

b) | provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Corporation; and

c) | provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the assets of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

The Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as it relates to the consolidated financial statements is evaluated for effectiveness by management and tested for reliability through a program of internal audits. Actions are taken to correct potential deficiencies as they are identified.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluations of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control over financial reporting will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.
With the participation of our Chairman of the Board, our Chief Executive Officer and President and our Chief Financial
Officer, management evaluated the effectiveness of the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, the end of the Corporation’s fiscal year. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth for effective internal control over financial reporting by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission's (COSO) 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework.
Based on our assessment under the criteria described in the immediately preceding paragraph, management concluded that the
Corporation maintained effective internal control over financial reporting at a reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2017. We reviewed the results of management's assessment with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
The Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm, Crowe Horwath LLP, has audited the consolidated balance sheets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three-year periods ended December 31, 2017, included in this Annual Report and the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, and has issued their Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, which appears in this Annual Report.

/s/ David L. Trautman |  | /s/ Brady T. Burt
David L. Trautman |  | Brady T. Burt
Chief Executive Officer and President |  | Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer
February 27, 2018 |  |

39

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Park National Corporation
Newark, Ohio
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Park National Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
40

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Crowe Horwath LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2006.
Columbus, Ohio
February 27, 2018
41

Park National Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
at December 31, 2017 and 2016

(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 131,946 |  |  | $ | 122,811 |
Money market instruments |  | 37,166 |  |  | 23,635 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 169,112 |  |  | 146,446 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $1,098,320 and $1,262,761 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively) |  | 1,093,816 |  |  | 1,258,139 |
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $363,779 and $256,672 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively) |  | 357,197 |  |  | 259,833 |
Other investment securities |  | 61,811 |  |  | 61,811 |
Total investment securities |  | 1,512,824 |  |  | 1,579,783 |
Total loans |  | 5,372,483 |  |  | 5,271,857 |
Allowance for loan losses |  | (49,988 | ) |  | (50,624 | )
Net loans |  | 5,322,495 |  |  | 5,221,233 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |
Bank owned life insurance |  | 189,322 |  |  | 185,234 |
Prepaid assets |  | 97,712 |  |  | 88,874 |
Goodwill |  | 72,334 |  |  | 72,334 |
Premises and equipment, net |  | 55,901 |  |  | 57,971 |
Affordable housing tax credit investments |  | 49,669 |  |  | 52,947 |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 22,164 |  |  | 18,822 |
Other real estate owned |  | 14,190 |  |  | 13,926 |
Mortgage loan servicing rights |  | 9,688 |  |  | 9,266 |
Other |  | 22,209 |  |  | 20,750 |
Total other assets |  | 533,189 |  |  | 520,124 |
Total assets |  | $ | 7,537,620 |  |  | $ | 7,467,586 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F- 1

Park National Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
at December 31, 2017 and 2016

(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |
Non-interest bearing |  | $ | 1,633,941 |  |  | $ | 1,523,417 |
Interest bearing |  | 4,183,385 |  |  | 3,998,539 |
Total deposits |  | 5,817,326 |  |  | 5,521,956 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 391,289 |  |  | 394,795 |
Long-term debt |  | 500,000 |  |  | 694,281 |
Subordinated notes |  | 15,000 |  |  | 45,000 |
Total borrowings |  | 906,289 |  |  | 1,134,076 |
Other liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accrued interest payable |  | 2,278 |  |  | 2,151 |
Unfunded commitments in affordable housing tax credit investments |  | 14,282 |  |  | 14,282 |
Other |  | 41,344 |  |  | 52,881 |
Total other liabilities |  | 57,904 |  |  | 69,314 |
Total liabilities |  | 6,781,519 |  |  | 6,725,346 |
Commitments and Contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |
Preferred shares (200,000 preferred shares authorized; no preferred shares outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016) |  | — |  |  | — |
Common shares, no par value (20,000,000 common shares authorized; 16,150,752 and 16,150,807 common shares issued at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively) |  | 307,726 |  |  | 305,826 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net |  | (26,454 | ) |  | (17,745 | )
Retained earnings |  | 561,908 |  |  | 535,631 |
Less: Treasury shares (862,558 and 810,089 common shares at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively) |  | (87,079 | ) |  | (81,472 | )
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 756,101 |  |  | 742,240 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 7,537,620 |  |  | $ | 7,467,586 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F- 2

Park National Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
for years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

(In thousands, except per share data) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Interest and dividend income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans |  | $ | 248,687 |  |  | $ | 241,979 |  |  | $ | 227,979 |
Interest and dividends on: |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government, its agencies and other securities - taxable |  | 27,440 |  |  | 30,627 |  |  | 36,025 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions - tax-exempt |  | 7,210 |  |  | 2,632 |  |  | 182 |
Other interest income |  | 3,087 |  |  | 1,020 |  |  | 888 |
Total interest and dividend income |  | 286,424 |  |  | 276,258 |  |  | 265,074 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand and savings deposits |  | 9,464 |  |  | 4,079 |  |  | 2,229 |
Time deposits |  | 9,629 |  |  | 9,337 |  |  | 10,125 |
Interest on short-term borrowings |  | 992 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 469 |
Interest on long-term debt |  | 22,580 |  |  | 24,300 |  |  | 24,619 |
Total interest expense |  | 42,665 |  |  | 38,172 |  |  | 37,442 |
Net interest income |  | 243,759 |  |  | 238,086 |  |  | 227,632 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 8,557 |  |  | (5,101 | ) |  | 4,990 |
Net interest income after provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 235,202 |  |  | 243,187 |  |  | 222,642 |
Other income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Income from fiduciary activities |  | 23,735 |  |  | 21,400 |  |  | 20,195 |
Service charges on deposit accounts |  | 12,653 |  |  | 14,259 |  |  | 14,751 |
Other service income |  | 13,162 |  |  | 14,419 |  |  | 11,438 |
Checkcard fee income |  | 15,798 |  |  | 15,057 |  |  | 14,561 |
Bank owned life insurance income |  | 4,858 |  |  | 4,338 |  |  | 5,783 |
ATM fees |  | 2,253 |  |  | 2,268 |  |  | 2,428 |
Gain on sale of OREO, net |  | 251 |  |  | 1,323 |  |  | 1,604 |
OREO valuation adjustments |  | (458 | ) |  | (601 | ) |  | (1,592 | )
Gain on commercial loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 756 |
Gain on sale of investment securities |  | 1,821 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |
Miscellaneous |  | 6,562 |  |  | 6,268 |  |  | 7,539 |
Total other income |  | $ | 80,635 |  |  | $ | 78,731 |  |  | $ | 77,551 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F- 3

Park National Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
for years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

(In thousands, except per share data) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Other expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries |  | $ | 92,177 |  |  | $ | 87,034 |  |  | $ | 86,189 |
Employee benefits |  | 19,918 |  |  | 19,262 |  |  | 21,296 |
Data processing fees |  | 7,250 |  |  | 5,608 |  |  | 5,037 |
Professional fees and services |  | 24,833 |  |  | 27,181 |  |  | 23,452 |
Occupancy expense |  | 10,201 |  |  | 10,239 |  |  | 9,686 |
Furniture and equipment expense |  | 15,324 |  |  | 13,766 |  |  | 11,806 |
Insurance |  | 6,354 |  |  | 5,825 |  |  | 5,629 |
Marketing |  | 4,374 |  |  | 4,523 |  |  | 3,983 |
Communication |  | 4,826 |  |  | 4,985 |  |  | 5,130 |
State tax expense |  | 3,583 |  |  | 3,560 |  |  | 3,566 |
Borrowing prepayment fee |  | — |  |  | 5,554 |  |  | 532 |
Miscellaneous |  | 8,528 |  |  | 11,486 |  |  | 10,308 |
Total other expense |  | 197,368 |  |  | 199,023 |  |  | 186,614 |
Income before income taxes |  | 118,469 |  |  | 122,895 |  |  | 113,579 |
Federal income taxes |  | 34,227 |  |  | 36,760 |  |  | 32,567 |
Net income |  | $ | 84,242 |  |  | $ | 86,135 |  |  | $ | 81,012 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 5.51 |  |  | $ | 5.62 |  |  | $ | 5.27 |
Diluted |  | $ | 5.47 |  |  | $ | 5.59 |  |  | $ | 5.26 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F- 4

PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
for years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

(In thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Net income | $ | 84,242 |  |  | $ | 86,135 |  |  | $ | 81,012 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income tax: |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plan: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net loss and prior service costs, net of income tax effect of $121, $271, and $228, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively | 455 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 424 |
Unrealized net actuarial (loss) gain, net of income tax effect of $(2,457), $59, and $(490), for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively | (9,241 | ) |  | 109 |  |  | (910 | )
Change in funded status of pension plan, net of income tax effect | (8,786 | ) |  | 611 |  |  | (486 | )
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |
Net gain realized on sale of securities, net of income tax expense of $637 for the year ended December 31, 2017 | (1,184 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in unrealized securities holding gain (loss), net of income tax effect of $678, $(1,461), and $(834), for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively | 1,261 |  |  | (2,713 | ) |  | (1,549 | )
Unrealized net holding gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale, net of income tax effect | 77 |  |  | (2,713 | ) |  | (1,549 | )
Other comprehensive loss | $ | (8,709 | ) |  | $ | (2,102 | ) |  | $ | (2,035 | )
Comprehensive income | $ | 75,533 |  |  | $ | 84,033 |  |  | $ | 78,977 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F- 5

Park National Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

|  | Preferred Shares |  | Common Shares |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Shares |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  | Shares Outstanding |  | Amount |  | Shares Outstanding |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance, January 1, 2015 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 15,392,399 |  |  | $ | 303,104 |  |  | $ | 484,484 |  |  | $ | (77,439 | ) |  | $ | (13,608 | )
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 81,012 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,035 | )
Cash dividends, $3.76 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (57,930 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash payment for fractional shares in dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  |  |  | (34 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 865 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Treasury shares repurchased |  |  |  |  |  | (71,700 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (6,058 | ) |  |
Treasury shares reissued for director grants |  |  |  |  |  | 10,150 |  |  |  |  | (61 | ) |  | 1,024 |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2015 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 15,330,815 |  |  | $ | 303,966 |  |  | $ | 507,505 |  |  | $ | (82,473 | ) |  | $ | (15,643 | )
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 86,135 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,102 | )
Cash dividends, $3.76 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (57,958 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash payment for fractional shares in dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  |  |  | (47 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,864 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Treasury shares reissued for director grants |  |  |  |  |  | 9,950 |  |  |  |  | (51 | ) |  | 1,001 |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2016 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 15,340,718 |  |  | $ | 305,826 |  |  | $ | 535,631 |  |  | $ | (81,472 | ) |  | $ | (17,745 | )
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84,242 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8,709 | )
Cash dividends, $3.76 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (57,883 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash payment for fractional shares in dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  |  |  | (55 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,701 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issuance of 9,674 common shares under share-based compensation awards, net of 3,293 common shares withheld to pay employee income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 6,381 |  |  | (795 | ) |  | (197 | ) |  | 645 |  |  |
Treasury shares repurchased |  |  |  |  |  | (70,000 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (7,378 | ) |  |
Treasury shares reissued for director grants |  |  |  |  |  | 11,150 |  |  |  |  | 115 |  |  | 1,126 |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2017 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 15,288,194 |  |  | $ | 307,726 |  |  | $ | 561,908 |  |  | $ | (87,079 | ) |  | $ | (26,454 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F- 6

Park National Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 84,242 |  |  | $ | 86,135 |  |  | $ | 81,012 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 8,557 |  |  | (5,101 | ) |  | 4,990 |
Amortization of loan fees and costs, net |  | (5,758 | ) |  | (5,279 | ) |  | (4,918 | )
Increase in prepaid dealer premiums |  | (4,350 | ) |  | (5,733 | ) |  | (2,836 | )
Provision for depreciation |  | 8,644 |  |  | 8,396 |  |  | 7,347 |
Amortization (accretion) of investment securities, net |  | 1,473 |  |  | 247 |  |  | (226 | )
Amortization of prepayment penalty on long-term debt |  | 5,719 |  |  | 6,176 |  |  | 6,047 |
Prepayment penalty on long-term debt |  | — |  |  | 5,554 |  |  | 532 |
Decrease (increase) in deferred income tax |  | 3,289 |  |  | 581 |  |  | (250 | )
Realized net investment security gains |  | (1,821 | ) |  | — |  |  | (88 | )
Share-based compensation expense |  | 3,942 |  |  | 2,814 |  |  | 1,828 |
Loan originations to be sold in secondary market |  | (230,860 | ) |  | (287,722 | ) |  | (220,800 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans in secondary market |  | 242,139 |  |  | 290,132 |  |  | 222,785 |
Gain on sale of loans in secondary market |  | (5,014 | ) |  | (5,517 | ) |  | (4,027 | )
Gain on sale of commercial loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (756 | )
OREO valuation adjustments |  | 458 |  |  | 601 |  |  | 1,592 |
Gain on sale of OREO, net |  | (251 | ) |  | (1,323 | ) |  | (1,604 | )
Bank owned life insurance income |  | (4,858 | ) |  | (4,338 | ) |  | (5,783 | )
Investment in qualified affordable housing tax credits amortization |  | 10,278 |  |  | 7,300 |  |  | 6,664 |
Pension contribution |  | (15,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase in other assets |  | (1,060 | ) |  | (7,042 | ) |  | (3,448 | )
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities |  | (11,778 | ) |  | 2,006 |  |  | 1,173 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 87,991 |  |  | 87,887 |  |  | 89,234 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of securities |  | 2,265 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,144 |
Proceeds from calls and maturities of securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-maturity |  | 14,426 |  |  | 29,901 |  |  | 36,393 |
Available-for-sale |  | 193,937 |  |  | 753,325 |  |  | 321,146 |
Purchase of securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Held-to-maturity |  | (113,519 | ) |  | (141,045 | ) |  | (48,226 | )
Available-for-sale |  | (29,684 | ) |  | (579,006 | ) |  | (457,617 | )
Net increase in other investments |  | — |  |  | (3,500 | ) |  | — |
Net loan originations, portfolio loans |  | (119,336 | ) |  | (199,494 | ) |  | (247,882 | )
Proceeds from sale of commercial loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 900 |
Proceeds from the sale of OREO |  | 2,921 |  |  | 8,704 |  |  | 17,058 |
Life insurance death benefits |  | 1,037 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 6,340 |
Investment in qualified affordable housing projects |  | (7,000 | ) |  | (15,029 | ) |  | (5,318 | )

F- 7

Park National Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Purchases of bank owned life insurance, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,045 | )
Purchases of premises and equipment, net |  | (7,018 | ) |  | (7,466 | ) |  | (11,361 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (61,971 | ) |  | (152,560 | ) |  | (395,468 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in deposits |  | 295,370 |  |  | 174,314 |  |  | 219,642 |
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings |  | (3,506 | ) |  | 553 |  |  | 117,262 |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt |  | 150,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,000 |
Repayment of subordinated notes |  | (30,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Repayment of long-term debt |  | (350,000 | ) |  | (55,554 | ) |  | (80,076 | )
Value of common shares withheld to pay employee income taxes |  | (347 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchase of treasury shares |  | (7,378 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,058 | )
Cash dividends paid |  | (57,493 | ) |  | (57,653 | ) |  | (57,776 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  | (3,354 | ) |  | 61,660 |  |  | 217,994 |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | 22,666 |  |  | (3,013 | ) |  | (88,240 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  | 146,446 |  |  | 149,459 |  |  | 237,699 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |  | $ | 169,112 |  |  | $ | 146,446 |  |  | $ | 149,459 |
Cash paid for: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 42,538 |  |  | $ | 38,359 |  |  | $ | 37,655 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 26,190 |  |  | $ | 27,260 |  |  | $ | 26,140 |
Non cash items: |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans transferred to OREO |  | $ | 3,457 |  |  | $ | 3,339 |  |  | $ | 13,447 |
Loans transferred to foreclosed assets |  | $ | 5,553 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Transfers from loans to commercial loans held for sale |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 144 |
New commitments in affordable housing tax credit investments |  | $ | 7,000 |  |  | $ | 9,000 |  |  | $ | 9,000 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
F- 8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements:
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Park National Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Park”, the “Company” or the “Corporation”). Material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on net income or shareholders' equity.
Restrictions on Cash and Due from Banks
The Corporation’s national bank subsidiary, The Park National Bank ("PNB"), is required to maintain average reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. The average required reserve balance was approximately $64.8 million at December 31, 2017 and $51.6 million at December 31, 2016. No other compensating balance arrangements were in existence at December 31, 2017.
Investment Securities
Investment securities are classified upon acquisition into one of three categories: held-to-maturity ("HTM"), available-for-sale ("AFS"), or trading (see Note 4 - Investment Securities).
HTM securities are those securities that the Corporation has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are recorded at amortized cost. AFS securities are those securities that would be available to be sold in the future in response to the Corporation’s liquidity needs, changes in market interest rates, and asset-liability management strategies, among other reasons. AFS securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses excluded from earnings but included in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. The Corporation did not hold any trading securities during any period presented.
AFS and HTM securities are evaluated quarterly for potential other-than-temporary impairment. Management considers the facts related to each security including the nature of the security, the amount and duration of the loss, the credit quality of the issuer, the expectations for that security’s performance and whether Park intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that Park will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Declines in the value of equity securities that are considered to be other-than-temporary are recorded as a charge to earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Declines in the value of debt securities that are considered to be other-than-temporary are separated into (1) the amount of the total impairment related to credit loss and (2) the amount of the total impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax.
Interest income from investment securities includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage-backed securities where prepayments are anticipated.
Gains and losses realized on the sale of investment securities are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification basis.
F- 9

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") and Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland ("FRB") Stock
Park’s national bank subsidiary, PNB, is a member of the FHLB. Additionally, PNB is a member of the FRB. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on their level of borrowings and other factors and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock and FRB stock are classified as restricted securities and are carried at their redemption value within other investment securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Impairment is evaluated based on the ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.
Bank Owned Life Insurance
Park has purchased insurance policies on the lives of directors and certain key officers. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at its cash surrender value (or the amount that can be realized).
Loans Held for Sale
Park has elected the fair value option for mortgage loans held for sale, which are carried at their fair value as of each balance sheet date.
Mortgage Banking Derivatives
Commitments to fund mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as free standing derivatives. The fair value of the interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. In order to hedge the change in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans, the Company interest into forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans when interest rate locks are entered into. Fair value of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on change in mortgage interest rates from the date the interest on the loan is locked. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in other service income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Loans
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff, are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for any charge-offs, any nonaccrual interest payments applied to principal, any deferred fees or costs on originated loans, and any unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Late charges on loans are recognized as income when they are collected. Net loan origination fees and costs are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.
Commercial loans include: (1) commercial, financial and agricultural loans; (2) commercial real estate loans; (3) those commercial loans in the real estate construction loan segment; and (4) those commercial loans in the residential real estate loan segment. Consumer loans include: (1) mortgage and installment loans included in the real estate construction segment; (2) mortgage, home equity lines of credit ("HELOCs"), and installment loans included in the residential real estate segment; and (3) all loans included in the consumer segment.
Generally, commercial loans are placed on nonaccrual status at 90 days past due and consumer and residential mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual status at 120 days past due. Commercial loans placed on nonaccrual status are considered impaired (see Note 5 - Loans). For loans which are on nonaccrual status, it is Park’s policy to reverse interest previously accrued on the loans against interest income. Interest on such loans may be recorded on a cash basis and be included in earnings only when Park expects to receive the entire recorded investment of the loan. Park’s charge-off policy for commercial loans requires management to establish a specific reserve or record a charge-off when collection is in doubt or it is probable a loss has been incurred and there is, or likely will be, a collateral shortfall related to the estimated value of the collateral securing the loan. The Company’s charge-off policy for consumer loans is dependent on the class of the loan. Residential mortgage loans, HELOCs, and consumer loans secured by residential real estate are typically charged down to the value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs, at 180 days past due. The charge-off policy for other consumer loans, primarily installment loans, requires a monthly review of delinquent loans and a complete charge-off for any account that reaches 120 days past due.
The delinquency status of a loan is based on contractual terms and not on how recently payments have been received. Loans may be removed from nonaccrual status when loan payments have been received to cure the delinquency status, the borrower has demonstrated the ability to maintain current payment status in accordance with the loan agreement and the loan is deemed to be well-secured by management.
F- 10

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
A description of each segment of the loan portfolio, along with the risk characteristics of each segment, is included below:
Commercial, financial and agricultural: Commercial, financial and agricultural ("C&I") loans are made for a wide variety of general corporate purposes, including financing for commercial and industrial businesses, financing for equipment, inventories and accounts receivable, acquisition financing, commercial leasing, and to consumer finance companies. The term of each commercial loan varies by its purpose. Repayment terms are structured such that commercial loans will be repaid within the economic useful life of the underlying asset. The commercial loan portfolio of Park’s current subsidiaries includes loans to a wide variety of corporations and businesses across many industrial classifications in the 29 Ohio counties where PNB and its divisions operate, with the exception of nationwide aircraft loans and nationwide asset based lending to consumer finance companies. The primary industries represented by these customers include real estate rental and leasing, finance and insurance, construction, agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, manufacturing, retail trade, health care and other services. Risk of loss on C&I loans largely depends upon general economic cycles, as they may adversely impact certain industries, competency of the borrower's management team, the quality of the underlying assets supporting the loans including accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment, and the accuracy of the borrower's financial reporting. Such risks are mitigated by generally requiring the borrower's owners to guaranty the loans.
Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans include mortgage loans to developers and owners of commercial real estate. The lending policy for CRE loans is designed to address the unique risk attributes of CRE lending. The collateral for these CRE loans is the underlying commercial real estate. Risk of loss on CRE loans largely depends upon the cash flow of the properties which is influenced by the amount of vacancy experienced by the underlying real estate, the credit capacity of the tenants occupying the underlying real estate, and general economic trends as they may adversely impact the value of the property. These risks are mitigated by generally requiring personal guaranties of the owners of the properties and by requiring appraisals pursuant to government regulations.
Construction real estate: The Company defines construction loans as both commercial construction loans and residential construction loans where the loan proceeds are used exclusively for the improvement of real estate as to which the Company holds a mortgage. Construction loans may be in the form of a permanent loan or a short-term construction loan, depending on the needs of the individual borrower. Construction financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk of loss than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction and the estimated cost (including interest) of construction. If the estimate of construction cost proves to be inaccurate, the PNB division making the loan may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the project. If the estimate of value proves inaccurate, the PNB division may be confronted, at or prior to the maturity of the loan, with a project having a value insufficient to assure full repayment, should the borrower default. In the event that a default on a construction loan occurs and foreclosure follows, the PNB division must take control of the project and attempt to either arrange for completion of construction or dispose of the unfinished project. Additional risk exists with respect to loans made to developers who do not have a buyer for the property, as the developer may lack funds to pay the loan if the property is not sold upon completion. PNB and its divisions attempt to reduce such risks on loans to developers by requiring personal guarantees and reviewing current personal financial statements and tax returns as well as other projects undertaken by the developer.
Residential real estate: The Company defines residential real estate loans as first mortgages on individuals’ primary residences or second mortgages of individuals’ primary residences in the form of HELOCs or installment loans. Credit approval for residential real estate loans requires demonstration of sufficient income to repay the principal and interest and the real estate taxes and insurance, stability of employment, an established credit record and an appraised value of the real estate securing the loan. Residential real estate loans typically have longer terms and higher balances with lower yields as compared to consumer loans, but generally carry lower risks of default. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires creditors to make a reasonable and good faith determination of a consumer's ability to repay any consumer credit transaction secured by a dwelling. Documentation and verification of income within defined time frames and not-to-exceed limits is basis for affirming ability to repay. Risk of loss largely depends upon factors affecting the borrower's ability to repay as well as the general economic trends as they may adversely impact the value of the property. These risks are mitigated by completing a comprehensive underwriting of the borrower and by requiring appraisals pursuant to government regulations.
Consumer: The Company originates direct and indirect consumer loans, primarily automobile loans, to customers in its primary market areas. Credit approval for consumer loans requires income sufficient to repay principal and interest due, stability of employment, an established credit record and sufficient collateral for secured loans. Consumer loans typically have shorter terms and lower balances with higher yields as compared to real estate mortgage loans, but generally carry higher risks of default. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances.
F- 11

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Allowance for Loan Losses ("ALLL")
The allowance for loan losses is that amount believed adequate to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio based on management’s evaluation of various factors. The determination of the allowance requires significant estimates, including the timing and amounts of expected cash flows on impaired loans, consideration of current economic conditions, and historical loss experience pertaining to pools of homogeneous loans, all of which may be susceptible to change. The allowance is increased through a provision for loan losses that is charged to earnings based on management’s quarterly evaluation of the factors previously mentioned and is reduced by charge-offs, net of recoveries.
The allowance for loan losses includes both (1) an estimate of loss based on historical loss experience within both commercial and consumer loan categories with similar characteristics (“statistical allocation”) and (2) an estimate of loss based on an impairment analysis of each commercial loan that is considered to be impaired (“specific allocation”). Included in the statistical allocation is a reserve for troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") within the consumer loan portfolio. Management performs a periodic evaluation to ensure the reserve calculated utilizing the statistical allocation is consistent with a reserve calculated under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 310-10 - Receivables.
In calculating the allowance for loan losses, management believes it is appropriate to consider historical loss rates that are comparable to the current period being analyzed, giving consideration to losses experienced over a full cycle. For the historical loss factor at December 31, 2017, the Company utilized an annual loss rate (“historical loss experience”), calculated based on an average of the net charge-offs and the annual change in specific reserves for impaired commercial loans, experienced during 2010 through 2017 within the individual segments of the commercial and consumer loan categories. The 96 month historical loss period captures all annual periods subsequent to June 2009, the end of the most recent recession, thus encompassing the full economic cycle to date.
The loss factor applied to Park’s consumer loan portfolio as of December 31, 2017 was based on the historical loss experience over the preceding 96 months, plus an additional judgmental reserve, increasing the total allowance for loan loss coverage in the consumer loan portfolio to approximately 1.92 years of historical losses, compared to 1.95 years at December 31, 2016. Historical loss experience over the preceding 96 months for the consumer loan portfolio was 0.34% for both 2017 and 2016.
The loss factor applied to Park’s commercial loan portfolio as of December 31, 2017 was based on the historical loss experience over the preceding 96 months, plus additional reserves for consideration of (1) a loss emergence period factor, (2) a loss migration factor and (3) a judgmental or environmental loss factor. These additional reserves increased the total allowance for loan loss coverage in the commercial loan portfolio to approximately 3.24 years of historical losses at December 31, 2017, compared to 3.20 years at December 31, 2016. Historical loss experience over the preceding 96 months for the commercial loan portfolio was 0.37% for 2017 and 0.39% for 2016. Park’s commercial loans are individually risk graded. If loan downgrades occur, the probability of default increases and accordingly management allocates a higher percentage reserve to those accruing commercial loans graded special mention and substandard.
The judgmental increases discussed above incorporate management’s evaluation of the impact of environmental qualitative factors which pose additional risks and assign a component of the allowance for loan losses in consideration of these factors. Such environmental factors include: national and local economic trends and conditions; experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff; effects of any changes in lending policies and procedures; and levels of, and trends in, consumer bankruptcies, delinquencies, impaired loans and charge-offs and recoveries.
GAAP requires a specific allocation to be established as a component of the allowance for loan losses for certain loans when it is probable that all amounts due pursuant to the contractual terms of the loans will not be collected, and the recorded investment in the loans exceeds their measure of impairment. Management considers the following related to commercial loans when determining if a loan should be considered impaired: (1) current debt service coverage levels of the borrowing entity; (2) payment history over the most recent 12-month period; (3) other signs of deterioration in the borrower’s financial situation, such as changes in credit scores; and (4) consideration of global cash flows of financially sound guarantors that have previously supported loan payments. The recorded investment is the balance of the loan, plus accrued interest receivable, both as of the end of the year. Impairment is measured using either the present value of expected future cash flows based upon the initial effective interest rate on the loan, or the fair value of the collateral. If a loan is considered to be collateral dependent, the fair value of collateral, less estimated selling costs, is used to measure impairment.
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Management classifies loans as TDRs when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and Park has granted a concession. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of the borrower's debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This
F- 12

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
evaluation is performed under the Company’s internal underwriting policy. Management’s policy is to modify loans by extending the term or by granting a temporary or permanent contractual interest rate below the market rate, not by forgiving debt. A court's discharge of a borrower's debt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is considered a concession when the borrower does not reaffirm the discharged debt. TDRs are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception, or if a TDR is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. Commercial TDRs are separately identified for impairment disclosures.
Premises and Equipment
Land is carried at cost and is not subject to depreciation. Premises and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is generally provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the remaining lease period or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. Upon the sale or other disposal of an asset, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred while renewals and improvements that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. Premises and equipment are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular asset may not be recoverable.
The range of depreciable lives over which premises and equipment are being depreciated are:

Buildings | 30 Years
Equipment, furniture and fixtures | 3 to 12 Years
Leasehold improvements | 1 to 10 Years

Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO")
Management transfers a loan to OREO at the time that Park takes deed/title to the asset. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less anticipated selling costs (net realizable value), establishing a new cost basis, and consists of property acquired through foreclosure and real estate held for sale. If the net realizable value is below the carrying value of the loan at the date of transfer, the difference is charged to the allowance for loan losses. These assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. Subsequent changes in the value of real estate are classified as OREO valuation adjustments, are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount of OREO and are recorded within “Other income”. In certain circumstances where management believes the devaluation may not be permanent in nature, Park utilizes a valuation allowance to record OREO devaluations, which is also expensed through “Other income”. Costs relating to development and improvement of such properties are capitalized (not in excess of fair value less estimated costs to sell) and costs relating to holding the properties are charged to "Other expense".
Foreclosed Assets
Foreclosed assets include non-real estate assets where Park, as creditor, has received physical possession of a borrower’s assets, regardless of whether formal foreclosure proceedings take place. Additionally, troubled debt restructurings in which Park obtains one of more of the debtor’s non-real estate assets in place of all or part of the receivable are accounted for as foreclosed assets. Foreclosed assets are initially recorded as fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, Park had $5.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of foreclosed assets included within “Other assets.”
Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSR")
When Park sells mortgage loans with servicing rights retained, servicing rights are recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in "Other service income." Capitalized servicing rights are amortized in proportion to and over the period of the estimated future servicing income of the underlying loan and are included within “Other service income”.
Mortgage servicing rights are assessed for impairment periodically, based on fair value, with any impairment recognized through a valuation allowance. The fair value of mortgage servicing rights is determined by discounting estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets, using market discount rates and expected future prepayment rates. In order to calculate fair value, the sold loan portfolio is stratified into homogeneous pools of like categories. (See Note 24 - Loan Servicing.)
Fees received for servicing mortgage loans owned by investors are based on a percentage of the outstanding monthly principal balance of such loans and are included in income as loan payments are received. The cost of servicing loans is charged to expense as incurred to "Other service income".
F- 13

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized to expense, but are subject to impairment tests annually, or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If after assessing these events or circumstances, it is concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing additional analysis is unnecessary. If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds the fair value, an impairment charge must be recorded in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.
Management considers several factors when performing the annual impairment tests on goodwill. The factors considered include the operating results for the particular Park segment for the past year and the operating results budgeted for the current year (including multi-year projections), the deposit and loan totals of the Park segment and the economic conditions in the markets served by the Park segment. At December 31, 2017, the goodwill remaining on Park's Consolidated Balance Sheet consisted entirely of goodwill at PNB. (See Note 27 - Segment Information for operating segment results.)
Park evaluates goodwill for impairment on April 1 of each year, with financial data as of March 31. Based on the analysis performed as of April 1, 2017, the Company determined that goodwill for Park’s national bank subsidiary (PNB) was not impaired. There have been no subsequent circumstances or events triggering an additional evaluation.
Goodwill in the amount of $72.3 million was recorded at each of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and cash items, amounts due from banks and money market instruments. Generally, money market instruments are purchased and sold for one-day periods.
Loss Contingencies and Guarantees
Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated.
Income Taxes
The Corporation accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. To the extent that Park does not consider it more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be recovered, a valuation allowance is recorded. All positive and negative evidence is reviewed when determining how much of a valuation allowance is recognized on a quarterly basis. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more-likely-than-not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination being presumed to occur. The benefit recognized for a tax position that meets the “more-likely-than-not” criteria is measured based on the largest benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized, taking into consideration the amounts and probabilities of the outcome upon settlement. For tax positions not meeting the “more-likely-than-not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Park recognizes any interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
Treasury Shares
The purchase of Park’s common shares to be held in treasury is recorded at cost. At the date of retirement or subsequent reissuance, the treasury shares account is reduced by the weighted average cost of the common shares retired or reissued.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, and changes in the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan, which are also recognized as separate components of equity.
F- 14

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Share-Based Compensation
Compensation cost is recognized for restricted stock units and stock awards issued to employees and directors, respectively, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. The market price of Park’s common shares at the date of grant is used to estimate the fair value of restricted stock units and stock awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period and is recorded in "Salaries" expense. (See Note 17-Share-Based Compensation.)
Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments
Financial instruments include off‑balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.
Fair Value Measurement
Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 25 - Fair Value. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.
Transfers of Financial Assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.
Retirement Plans
Pension expense is the net of service and interest cost, return on plan assets and amortization of gains and losses not immediately recognized. Employee KSOP plan expense is the amount of matching contributions to Park's employees stock ownership plan. Deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plan expense allocates the benefits over years of service. (See Note 18 - Benefit Plans.)
Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share is net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under performance-based restricted stock unit awards, stock options, warrants and convertible securities. Earnings and dividends per common share are restated for any stock splits and stock dividends through the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements. (See Note 17 - Share-Based Compensation and Note 21 - Earnings Per Common Share.)
Operating Segments
The Corporation is a financial holding company headquartered in Newark, Ohio. The operating segments for the Corporation are its chartered national bank subsidiary, PNB (headquartered in Newark, Ohio), SE Property Holdings, LLC ("SEPH"), and Guardian Financial Services Company ("GFSC").
2. Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements and Issued Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards
The following is a summary of new accounting pronouncements, new laws impacting Park's consolidated financial statements, and issued not yet effective accounting standards:
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
ASU 2016-09 - Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting: In March 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-09 - Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU provides simplification for several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption was permitted. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements.
F- 15

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
ASU 2017-01 – Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business: In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. This ASU clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The early adoption of this guidance on October 1, 2017 did not have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements. Park will apply this guidance to all future transactions.
ASU 2017-04 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment: In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under the new guidance, an entity should perform its annual goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The early adoption of this guidance with Park's April 1, 2017 annual goodwill impairment test did not have an impact on Park's consolidated financial statements.
Issued Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards
ASU 2014-09 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU creates a new topic, Topic 606, to provide guidance on revenue recognition for entities that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enter into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additional disclosures are required to provide quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements. However, the adoption of this standard will result in additional disclosures beginning with the first quarter 2018 Form 10-Q.
ASU 2016-01 - Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01 - Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. Changes to the current U.S. GAAP model primarily affect the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In addition, this ASU clarifies guidance related to the valuation allowance assessment when recognizing deferred tax assets resulting from unrealized losses on AFS securities. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements, but will impact the fair value disclosures in Note 25 beginning with the first quarter 2018 Form 10-Q.
ASU 2016-02 - Leases (Topic 842): In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 - Leases (Topic 842). This ASU will require all organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures will be required so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity’s leasing activities. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Management is currently analyzing data on leased assets. The adoption of this guidance is expected to increase both assets and liabilities, but is not expected to have a material impact on Park's consolidated statement of income.
ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments: In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new guidance replaces the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables, HTM debt securities, and reinsurance receivables. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. The CECL model requires an entity to estimate credit losses over the life of an asset or off-balance sheet exposure. The new
F- 16

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
guidance is effective for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018.
Management is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on Park's consolidated financial statements. We anticipate that the adoption of the CECL model will result in a material increase to Park's allowance for loan losses. Management has established a committee to oversee the implementation of the CECL model and is currently in the process of implementing a software solution to assist in the adoption of this ASU. Management plans to run our current allowance model and a CECL model concurrently for 12 months prior to the adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2020.
ASU 2016-15 - Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 203): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force): In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 203): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). This ASU provides guidance on eight specific cash flow issues where current GAAP is either unclear or does not include specific guidance. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. As such transactions arise, management will utilize the updated guidance within Park’s consolidated statements of cash flows.
ASU 2017-07 - Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost: In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07 - Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. This ASU requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2018 did not have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2017-08 - Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities: In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08 - Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. This ASU amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. It shortens the amortization period for the premium to the earliest call date. Under current U.S. GAAP, premiums on callable debt securities generally are amortized to the maturity date. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual periods. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2017-09 - Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting: In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09 - Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This ASU amends the guidance concerning which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2018 did not impact Park's consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2017-12 - Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities: In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12 - Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. This ASU amends the current guidance with the objective of improving the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity's risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, this ASU amends the current guidance to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual periods. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements. Park is considering the early adoption of this guidance.
ASU 2018-02 - Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 - Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This ASU allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects, resulting from the newly - enacted federal corporate income tax rate. The amount of the
F- 17

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
reclassification is the difference between the historical federal corporate income tax rate and the newly - enacted 21% federal corporate income tax rate. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual periods. The early adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2018 resulted in a $3.8 million increase to Park's accumulated other comprehensive loss and a $3.8 million increase to retained earnings, which will be reflected in Park's first quarter 2018 Consolidated Balance Sheet.
3. Organization
Park National Corporation is a financial holding company headquartered in Newark, Ohio. Through its national bank subsidiary, PNB, Park is engaged in a general commercial banking and trust business, primarily in Ohio, with the exception of nationwide aircraft loans and nationwide asset based lending to consumer finance companies. PNB operates through eleven banking divisions with the Park National Bank Division headquartered in Newark, Ohio, the Fairfield National Bank Division headquartered in Lancaster, Ohio, The Park National Bank of Southwest Ohio & Northern Kentucky Division headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, the First-Knox National Bank Division headquartered in Mount Vernon, Ohio, the Farmers Bank Division headquartered in Loudonville, Ohio, the Security National Bank Division headquartered in Springfield, Ohio, the Unity National Bank Division headquartered in Piqua, Ohio, the Richland Bank Division headquartered in Mansfield, Ohio, the Century National Bank Division headquartered in Zanesville, Ohio, the United Bank, N.A. Division headquartered in Bucyrus, Ohio and the Second National Bank Division headquartered in Greenville, Ohio. The Farmers Bank Division will merge into the First-Knox Bank Division effective March 30, 2018, and thereafter, Park National Bank will have ten divisions. A wholly-owned subsidiary of Park, GFSC is a consumer finance company located in Central Ohio.
Through February 16, 2012, Park operated a second banking subsidiary, Vision Bank ("Vision"), which was engaged in a general commercial banking business, primarily in Baldwin County, Alabama and the panhandle of Florida. Promptly following the sale of the Vision business to Centennial Bank (a wholly-owned subsidiary of HomeBanc Shares, Inc.), Vision surrendered its Florida banking charter to the Florida Office of Financial Regulation and became a non-bank Florida corporation. Vision (the Florida corporation) merged with and into a wholly-owned, non-bank subsidiary of Park, SEPH, with SEPH being the surviving entity. SEPH holds the remaining assets and liabilities retained by Vision subsequent to the sale. SEPH also holds OREO that had previously been transferred to SEPH from Vision. SEPH's assets consist primarily of performing and nonperforming loans and OREO. This segment represents a run off portfolio of the legacy Vision assets.
All of the Ohio-based banking divisions provide the following principal services: the acceptance of deposits for demand, savings and time accounts; commercial, industrial, consumer and real estate lending, including installment loans, credit cards, home equity lines of credit; trust services; cash management; safe deposit operations; electronic funds transfers and a variety of additional banking-related services. See Note 27 - Segment Information for financial information on the Corporation’s operating segments.
4. Investment Securities
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities are shown in the following tables. Management performs a quarterly evaluation of investment securities for any other-than-temporary impairment. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, there were no investment securities deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
F- 18

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Investment securities at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized/Unrecognized Holding Gains |  | Gross Unrealized/Unrecognized Holding Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for-Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities |  | $ | 245,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,280 |  |  | $ | 242,720 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | 852,645 |  |  | 4,645 |  |  | 8,129 |  |  | 849,161 |
Other equity securities |  | 675 |  |  | 1,260 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,935 |
Total |  | $ | 1,098,320 |  |  | $ | 5,905 |  |  | $ | 10,409 |  |  | $ | 1,093,816 |
2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Held-to-Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 300,412 |  |  | $ | 6,575 |  |  | $ | 713 |  |  | $ | 306,274 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | 56,785 |  |  | 758 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 57,505 |
Total |  | $ | 357,197 |  |  | $ | 7,333 |  |  | $ | 751 |  |  | $ | 363,779 |

(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized/Unrecognized Holding Gains |  | Gross Unrealized/Unrecognized Holding Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for-Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities |  | $ | 270,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,467 |  |  | $ | 267,533 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | 991,642 |  |  | 5,372 |  |  | 9,842 |  |  | 987,172 |
Other equity securities |  | 1,119 |  |  | 2,315 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,434 |
Total |  | $ | 1,262,761 |  |  | $ | 7,687 |  |  | $ | 12,309 |  |  | $ | 1,258,139 |
2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Held-to-Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 188,622 |  |  | $ | 977 |  |  | $ | 5,148 |  |  | $ | 184,451 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | 71,211 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 72,221 |
Total |  | $ | 259,833 |  |  | $ | 2,074 |  |  | $ | 5,235 |  |  | $ | 256,672 |

Park’s U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities consisted of 15-year mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"). At December 31, 2017, the amortized cost of Park’s AFS mortgage-backed securities was $455.3 million and there were no HTM mortgage-backed securities within Park's investment portfolio. At December 31, 2017, the amortized cost of Park's AFS and HTM CMOs was $397.3 million and $56.8 million, respectively.
F- 19

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table provides detail on investment securities with unrealized/unrecognized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities had been in a continuous loss position at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

|  | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized/Unrecognized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized/Unrecognized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized/Unrecognized Losses
2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for-Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities |  | $ | 24,931 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 217,789 |  |  | $ | 2,210 |  |  | $ | 242,720 |  |  | $ | 2,280 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities |  | 236,924 |  |  | 2,786 |  |  | 318,797 |  |  | 5,343 |  |  | 555,721 |  |  | 8,129 |
Total |  | $ | 261,855 |  |  | $ | 2,856 |  |  | $ | 536,586 |  |  | $ | 7,553 |  |  | $ | 798,441 |  |  | $ | 10,409 |
2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Held-to-Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 26,644 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 45,498 |  |  | $ | 519 |  |  | $ | 72,142 |  |  | $ | 713 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | 7,331 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,331 |  |  | 38 |
Total |  | $ | 33,975 |  |  | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | 45,498 |  |  | $ | 519 |  |  | $ | 79,473 |  |  | $ | 751 |

|  | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized/Unrecognized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized/Unrecognized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized/Unrecognized Losses
2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Available-for-Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities |  | $ | 247,695 |  |  | $ | 2,305 |  |  | $ | 19,838 |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 267,533 |  |  | $ | 2,467 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities |  | 612,321 |  |  | 9,473 |  |  | 27,325 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 639,646 |  |  | 9,842 |
Total |  | $ | 860,016 |  |  | $ | 11,778 |  |  | $ | 47,163 |  |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 907,179 |  |  | $ | 12,309 |
2016: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Held-to-Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 134,909 |  |  | $ | 5,148 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 134,909 |  |  | $ | 5,148 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,564 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 7,564 |  |  | $ | 87 |
Total |  | $ | 134,909 |  |  | $ | 5,148 |  |  | $ | 7,564 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 142,473 |  |  | $ | 5,235 |

Management does not believe any individual unrealized/unrecognized loss as of December 31, 2017 or 2016 represented an other-than-temporary impairment. The unrealized/unrecognized losses on debt securities are primarily the result of interest rate changes. These conditions will not prohibit Park from receiving its contractual principal and interest payments on these debt securities. The fair value of these debt securities is expected to recover as payments are received on these securities and they approach maturity. Should the impairment of any of these securities become other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment will be reduced and the resulting loss attributable to credit will be recognized in net income in the period the other-than-temporary impairment is identified.
F- 20

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Other investment securities (as shown on the Consolidated Balance Sheets) consist of stock investments in the FHLB, the FRB and other equities carried at cost. The FHLB and FRB restricted stock investments are carried at their redemption value. Park owned $50.1 million of FHLB stock and $8.2 million of FRB stock at both December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Park owned $3.5 million of other equities carried at cost at both December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments in debt securities at December 31, 2017, are shown in the following table by contractual maturity, except for asset-backed securities, which are shown as a single total, due to the unpredictability of the timing in principal repayments.

(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Tax Equivalent Yield (1)
Securities Available-for-Sale |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities’ notes: |  |  |  |  |  |
Due within one year |  | $ | 120,000 |  |  | $ | 119,499 |  |  | 1.14 | %
Due one through five years |  | 125,000 |  |  | 123,221 |  |  | 1.29 | %
Total |  | $ | 245,000 |  |  | $ | 242,720 |  |  | 1.22 | %
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | $ | 852,645 |  |  | $ | 849,161 |  |  | 2.09 | %
Securities Held-to-Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  |  |  |  |
Due five through ten years |  | $ | 2,454 |  |  | $ | 2,462 |  |  | 3.61 | %
Due greater than ten years |  | $ | 297,958 |  |  | $ | 303,812 |  |  | 4.46 | %
Total |  | $ | 300,412 |  |  | $ | 306,274 |  |  | 4.46 | %
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | $ | 56,785 |  |  | $ | 57,505 |  |  | 3.16 | %

(1) The tax equivalent yield for obligations of states and political subdivisions includes the effects of a taxable equivalent adjustment using a 35% rate. The taxable equivalent adjustment was $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
All of Park’s securities shown in the above table as U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities' notes are callable notes. These callable securities have a final maturity of 3 months to 2.5 years. The remaining weighted average life of the entire investment portfolio is 4.4 years.
At December 31, 2017, investment securities with an amortized cost of $317 million were pledged for government and trust department deposits, $215 million were pledged to secure repurchase agreements and $25 million were pledged as collateral for FHLB advance borrowings. At December 31, 2016, investment securities with an amortized cost of $343 million were pledged for government and trust department deposits, $569 million were pledged to secure repurchase agreements and $25 million were pledged as collateral for FHLB advance borrowings.
At December 31, 2017, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity.
During 2017, Park sold certain AFS investment securities with a book value of $444,000 at a gain of $1.8 million. During 2015, Park sold certain HTM investment securities with a book value of $3.1 million at a gain of $88,000. These securities had been paid down to 97.8% of the principal outstanding at acquisition. No securities were sold during 2016.
F- 21

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
5. Loans
The composition of the loan portfolio, by class of loan, as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows:

|  | 12/31/2017 |  |  | 12/31/2016
(In thousands) |  | Loan Balance |  | Accrued Interest Receivable |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Loan Balance |  | Accrued Interest Receivable |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural * |  | $ | 1,053,453 |  |  | $ | 4,413 |  |  | $ | 1,057,866 |  |  |  | $ | 994,619 |  |  | $ | 3,558 |  |  | $ | 998,177 |
Commercial real estate * |  | 1,167,607 |  |  | 4,283 |  |  | 1,171,890 |  |  |  | 1,155,703 |  |  | 4,161 |  |  | 1,159,864 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 125,389 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 125,790 |  |  |  | 135,343 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 135,741 |
Mortgage |  | 52,203 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 52,336 |  |  |  | 48,699 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 48,805 |
Installment |  | 3,878 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 3,891 |  |  |  | 4,903 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 4,920 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 393,094 |  |  | 1,029 |  |  | 394,123 |  |  |  | 406,687 |  |  | 940 |  |  | 407,627 |
Mortgage |  | 1,110,426 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  | 1,111,942 |  |  |  | 1,169,495 |  |  | 1,459 |  |  | 1,170,954 |
HELOC |  | 203,178 |  |  | 974 |  |  | 204,152 |  |  |  | 212,441 |  |  | 853 |  |  | 213,294 |
Installment |  | 18,526 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 18,579 |  |  |  | 19,874 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 19,941 |
Consumer |  | 1,241,736 |  |  | 3,808 |  |  | 1,245,544 |  |  |  | 1,120,850 |  |  | 3,385 |  |  | 1,124,235 |
Leases |  | 2,993 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 3,029 |  |  |  | 3,243 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 3,272 |
Total loans |  | $ | 5,372,483 |  |  | $ | 16,659 |  |  | $ | 5,389,142 |  |  |  | $ | 5,271,857 |  |  | $ | 14,973 |  |  | $ | 5,286,830 |

* Included within commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that were not broken out by class.
Loans are shown net of deferred origination fees, costs and unearned income of $12.2 million at December 31, 2017 and of $11.1 million at December 31, 2016, which represented a net deferred income position in both years.
Overdrawn deposit accounts of $1.9 million and $2.9 million had been reclassified to loans at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and are included in the commercial, financial and agricultural loan class above.
F- 22

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Credit Quality
The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans, accruing troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"), and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

|  | 12/31/2017
(In thousands) |  | Nonaccrual Loans |  | Accruing TDRs |  | Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing |  | Total Nonperforming Loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 16,773 |  |  | $ | 1,291 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,064 |
Commercial real estate |  | 12,979 |  |  | 5,163 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,142 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 986 |  |  | 338 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,324 |
Mortgage |  | 8 |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |
Installment |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 18,835 |  |  | 224 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,059 |
Mortgage |  | 16,841 |  |  | 10,766 |  |  | 568 |  |  | 28,175 |
HELOC |  | 1,593 |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2,632 |
Installment |  | 586 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,209 |
Consumer |  | 3,403 |  |  | 662 |  |  | 1,256 |  |  | 5,321 |
Total loans |  | $ | 72,056 |  |  | $ | 20,177 |  |  | $ | 1,845 |  |  | $ | 94,078 |

|  | 12/31/2016
(In thousands) |  | Nonaccrual Loans |  | Accruing TDRs |  | Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing |  | Total Nonperforming Loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 20,057 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 20,672 |
Commercial real estate |  | 19,169 |  |  | 5,305 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,474 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 1,833 |  |  | 393 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,226 |
Mortgage |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |
Installment |  | 61 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 168 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 23,013 |  |  | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,102 |
Mortgage |  | 18,313 |  |  | 9,612 |  |  | 887 |  |  | 28,812 |
HELOC |  | 1,783 |  |  | 673 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2,481 |
Installment |  | 644 |  |  | 609 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 1,313 |
Consumer |  | 2,949 |  |  | 748 |  |  | 1,139 |  |  | 4,836 |
Total loans |  | $ | 87,822 |  |  | $ | 18,228 |  |  | $ | 2,138 |  |  | $ | 108,188 |

F- 23

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table provides additional information regarding those nonaccrual and accruing TDR loans that are individually evaluated for impairment and those collectively evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

|  | 12/31/2017 |  |  | 12/31/2016
(In thousands) |  | Nonaccrual and accruing TDRs |  | Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | Nonaccrual and accruing TDRs |  | Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 18,064 |  |  | $ | 18,039 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  |  | $ | 20,657 |  |  | $ | 20,624 |  |  | $ | 33 |
Commercial real estate |  | 18,142 |  |  | 18,142 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,474 |  |  | 24,474 |  |  | — |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 1,324 |  |  | 1,324 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,226 |  |  | 2,226 |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |
Installment |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 156 |  |  | — |  |  | 156 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 19,059 |  |  | 19,059 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23,102 |  |  | 23,102 |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | 27,607 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,607 |  |  |  | 27,925 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,925 |
HELOC |  | 2,618 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,618 |  |  |  | 2,456 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,456 |
Installment |  | 1,202 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,202 |  |  |  | 1,253 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,253 |
Consumer |  | 4,065 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,065 |  |  |  | 3,697 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,697 |
Total loans |  | $ | 92,233 |  |  | $ | 56,564 |  |  | $ | 35,669 |  |  |  | $ | 106,050 |  |  | $ | 70,426 |  |  | $ | 35,624 |

All of the loans individually evaluated for impairment were evaluated using the fair value of the collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows as the measurement method.
F- 24

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loan as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

|  | 12/31/2017 |  |  | 12/31/2016
(In thousands) |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Recorded investment |  | Allowance for loan losses allocated |  |  | Unpaid principal balance |  | Recorded investment |  | Allowance for loan losses allocated
With no related allowance recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 19,899 |  |  | $ | 14,704 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 41,075 |  |  | $ | 19,965 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial real estate |  | 18,974 |  |  | 18,060 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23,961 |  |  | 23,474 |  |  | — |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 2,788 |  |  | 1,324 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,662 |  |  | 2,226 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 19,346 |  |  | 19,012 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,409 |  |  | 22,687 |  |  | — |
With an allowance recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 5,394 |  |  | 3,335 |  |  | 681 |  |  |  | 810 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 152 |
Commercial real estate |  | 137 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 309 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 47 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 427 |  |  | 415 |  |  | 87 |
Total |  | $ | 66,585 |  |  | $ | 56,564 |  |  | $ | 684 |  |  |  | $ | 95,358 |  |  | $ | 70,426 |  |  | $ | 548 |

Management’s general practice is to proactively charge down loans individually evaluated for impairment to the fair value of the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were $7.9 million and $24.7 million, respectively, of partial charge-offs on loans individually evaluated for impairment with no related allowance recorded and $2.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of partial charge-offs on loans individually evaluated for impairment that also had a specific reserve allocated.
The allowance for loan losses included specific reserves related to loans individually evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2017 and 2016, of $0.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. These loans with specific reserves had a recorded investment of $3.5 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
F- 25

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Interest income on nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for impairment is recognized on a cash basis only when Park expects to receive the entire recorded investment of the loan. Interest income on accruing TDRs individually evaluated for impairment continues to be recorded on an accrual basis. The following tables present the average recorded investment and interest income recognized during the year subsequent to impairment on loans individually evaluated for impairment as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015:

|  |  |  | Year ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Recorded Investment as of December 31, 2017 |  | Average recorded investment |  | Interest income recognized
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 18,039 |  |  | $ | 23,154 |  |  | $ | 963 |
Commercial real estate |  | 18,142 |  |  | 21,692 |  |  | 903 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 1,324 |  |  | 1,729 |  |  | 64 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 19,059 |  |  | 20,490 |  |  | 778 |
Consumer |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 56,564 |  |  | $ | 67,070 |  |  | $ | 2,708 |

|  |  |  | Year ended December 31, 2016
(In thousands) |  | Recorded Investment as of December 31, 2016 |  | Average recorded investment |  | Interest income recognized
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 20,624 |  |  | $ | 26,821 |  |  | $ | 885 |
Commercial real estate |  | 24,474 |  |  | 22,828 |  |  | 884 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 2,226 |  |  | 5,503 |  |  | 66 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 23,102 |  |  | 24,341 |  |  | 2,942 |
Consumer |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 70,426 |  |  | $ | 79,496 |  |  | $ | 4,777 |

|  |  |  | Year ended December 31, 2015
(In thousands) |  | Recorded Investment as of December 31, 2015 |  | Average recorded investment |  | Interest income recognized
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 30,595 |  |  | $ | 20,179 |  |  | $ | 340 |
Commercial real estate |  | 18,025 |  |  | 17,883 |  |  | 550 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 6,720 |  |  | 7,732 |  |  | 47 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 25,324 |  |  | 24,968 |  |  | 1,026 |
Consumer |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 80,664 |  |  | $ | 70,762 |  |  | $ | 1,963 |

F- 26

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 by class of loan.

|  | 12/31/2017
(In thousands) |  | Accruing loans past due 30-89 days |  | Past due, nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and accruing (1) |  | Total past due |  | Total current (2) |  | Total recorded investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 1,043 |  |  | $ | 1,188 |  |  | $ | 1,056,678 |  |  | $ | 1,057,866 |
Commercial real estate |  | 856 |  |  | 2,360 |  |  | 3,216 |  |  | 1,168,674 |  |  | 1,171,890 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | 125,761 |  |  | 125,790 |
Mortgage |  | 256 |  |  | — |  |  | 256 |  |  | 52,080 |  |  | 52,336 |
Installment |  | 54 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 3,818 |  |  | 3,891 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 16 |  |  | 1,586 |  |  | 1,602 |  |  | 392,521 |  |  | 394,123 |
Mortgage |  | 11,515 |  |  | 9,232 |  |  | 20,747 |  |  | 1,091,195 |  |  | 1,111,942 |
HELOC |  | 616 |  |  | 876 |  |  | 1,492 |  |  | 202,660 |  |  | 204,152 |
Installment |  | 239 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 18,087 |  |  | 18,579 |
Consumer |  | 11,515 |  |  | 2,407 |  |  | 13,922 |  |  | 1,231,622 |  |  | 1,245,544 |
Leases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,029 |  |  | 3,029 |
Total loans |  | $ | 25,241 |  |  | $ | 17,776 |  |  | $ | 43,017 |  |  | $ | 5,346,125 |  |  | $ | 5,389,142 |

(1) Includes an aggregate of $1.8 million of loans past due 90 days or more and accruing. The remaining are past due, nonaccrual loans.
(2) Includes an aggregate of $56.1 million of nonaccrual loans which are current in regards to contractual principal and interest payments.
F- 27

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

|  | 12/31/2016
(In thousands) |  | Accruing loans past due 30-89 days |  | Past due, nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and accruing (1) |  | Total past due |  | Total current (2) |  | Total recorded investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 371 |  |  | $ | 4,113 |  |  | $ | 4,484 |  |  | $ | 993,693 |  |  | $ | 998,177 |
Commercial real estate |  | 355 |  |  | 2,499 |  |  | 2,854 |  |  | 1,157,010 |  |  | 1,159,864 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | — |  |  | 541 |  |  | 541 |  |  | 135,200 |  |  | 135,741 |
Mortgage |  | 559 |  |  | — |  |  | 559 |  |  | 48,246 |  |  | 48,805 |
Installment |  | 223 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 4,633 |  |  | 4,920 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 330 |  |  | 3,631 |  |  | 3,961 |  |  | 403,666 |  |  | 407,627 |
Mortgage |  | 10,854 |  |  | 9,769 |  |  | 20,623 |  |  | 1,150,331 |  |  | 1,170,954 |
HELOC |  | 970 |  |  | 1,020 |  |  | 1,990 |  |  | 211,304 |  |  | 213,294 |
Installment |  | 350 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 669 |  |  | 19,272 |  |  | 19,941 |
Consumer |  | 12,579 |  |  | 2,094 |  |  | 14,673 |  |  | 1,109,562 |  |  | 1,124,235 |
Leases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,272 |  |  | 3,272 |
Total loans |  | $ | 26,591 |  |  | $ | 24,050 |  |  | $ | 50,641 |  |  | $ | 5,236,189 |  |  | $ | 5,286,830 |

(1) Includes an aggregate of $2.1 million of loans past due 90 days or more and accruing. The remaining are past due, nonaccrual loans.
(2) Includes an aggregate of $65.9 million of nonaccrual loans which are current in regards to contractual principal and interest payments.
Credit Quality Indicators
Management utilizes past due information as a credit quality indicator across the loan portfolio. Past due information as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 is included in the tables above. The past due information is the primary credit quality indicator within the following classes of loans: (1) mortgage loans and installment loans in the construction real estate segment; (2) mortgage loans, HELOC and installment loans in the residential real estate segment; and (3) consumer loans. The primary credit indicator for commercial loans is based on an internal grading system that grades all commercial loans on a scale from 1 to 8. Credit grades are continuously monitored by the responsible loan officer and adjustments are made when appropriate. A grade of 1 indicates little or no credit risk and a grade of 8 is considered a loss. Commercial loans that are pass-rated (graded a 1 through a 4) are considered to be of acceptable credit risk. Commercial loans graded a 5 (special mention) are considered to be watch list credits and a higher loan loss reserve percentage is allocated to these loans. Loans classified as special mention have potential weaknesses that require management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of Park’s credit position at some future date. Commercial loans graded a 6 (substandard), also considered watch list credits, are considered to represent higher credit risk and, as a result, a higher loan loss reserve percentage is allocated to these loans. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that Park will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Commercial loans graded a 7 (doubtful) are shown as nonaccrual and Park generally charges these loans down to their fair value by taking a partial charge-off or recording a specific reserve. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Certain 6-rated loans and all 7-rated loans are placed on nonaccrual status and included within the impaired category. A loan is deemed impaired when management determines the borrower's ability to perform in accordance with the contractual loan agreement is in doubt. Any commercial loan graded an 8 (loss) is completely charged off.
F- 28

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The tables below present the recorded investment by loan grade at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for all commercial loans:

|  | 12/31/2017
(In thousands) |  | 5 Rated |  | 6 Rated |  | Nonaccrual and Accruing Troubled Debt Restructurings |  | Pass Rated |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural* |  | $ | 17,272 |  |  | $ | 153 |  |  | $ | 18,064 |  |  | $ | 1,022,377 |  |  | $ | 1,057,866 |
Commercial real estate* |  | 5,322 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 18,142 |  |  | 1,147,969 |  |  | 1,171,890 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 278 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,324 |  |  | 124,188 |  |  | 125,790 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 216 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 19,059 |  |  | 374,847 |  |  | 394,123 |
Leases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,029 |  |  | 3,029 |
Total Commercial Loans |  | $ | 23,088 |  |  | $ | 611 |  |  | $ | 56,589 |  |  | $ | 2,672,410 |  |  | $ | 2,752,698 |

* Included within commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that were not broken out by class.

|  | 12/31/2016
(In thousands) |  | 5 Rated |  | 6 Rated |  | Nonaccrual and Accruing Troubled Debt Restructurings |  | Pass Rated |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural* |  | $ | 5,826 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,657 |  |  | $ | 971,694 |  |  | $ | 998,177 |
Commercial real estate* |  | 7,548 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 24,474 |  |  | 1,127,652 |  |  | 1,159,864 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 287 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 2,226 |  |  | 133,110 |  |  | 135,741 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 1,055 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 23,102 |  |  | 383,346 |  |  | 407,627 |
Leases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,272 |  |  | 3,272 |
Total Commercial Loans |  | $ | 14,716 |  |  | $ | 432 |  |  | $ | 70,459 |  |  | $ | 2,619,074 |  |  | $ | 2,704,681 |

* Included within commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that were not broken out by class.
Troubled Debt Restructuring
Management classifies loans as TDRs when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and Park has granted a concession to the borrower as part of a modification or in the loan renewal process. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of the borrower's debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed in accordance with the Company’s internal underwriting policy. Management’s policy is to modify loans by extending the term or by granting a temporary or permanent contractual interest rate below the market rate, not by forgiving debt. A court's discharge of a borrower's debt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is considered a concession when the borrower does not reaffirm the discharged debt.
Certain loans which were modified during the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 did not meet the definition of a TDR as the modification was a delay in a payment that was considered to be insignificant. Management considers a forbearance period of up to three months or a delay in payment of up to 30 days to be insignificant. TDRs may be classified as accruing if the borrower has been current for a period of at least six months with respect to loan payments and management expects that the borrower will be able to continue to make payments in accordance with the terms of the restructured note. Management reviews all accruing TDRs quarterly to ensure payments continue to be made in accordance with the modified terms.
F- 29

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Management reviews renewals/modifications of loans previously identified as TDRs to consider if it is appropriate to remove the TDR classification. If the borrower is no longer experiencing financial difficulty and the renewal/modification does not contain a concessionary interest rate or other concessionary terms and the terms of the renewal/modification are considered to be market terms based on the current risk characteristics of the borrower, management considers the potential removal of the TDR classification. If deemed appropriate, the TDR classification is removed as the borrower has complied with the terms of the loan at the date of the renewal/modification and there was a reasonable expectation that the borrower would continue to comply with the terms of the loan subsequent to the date of the renewal/modification. The majority of these TDRs were originally considered restructurings in a prior year as a result of a renewal/modification with an interest rate that was not commensurate with the risk of the underlying loan at the time of the renewal/modification. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, Park removed the TDR classification on $0.5 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of loans that met the requirements discussed above.
At December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were $38.5 million and $46.9 million, respectively, of TDRs included in the nonaccrual loan totals. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, $32.4 million and $38.0 million, respectively, of these nonaccrual TDRs were performing in accordance with the terms of the restructured note. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, loans with a recorded investment of $20.2 million and $18.2 million, respectively, were included in accruing TDR loan totals. Management will continue to review the restructured loans and may determine it appropriate to move certain nonaccrual TDRs to accrual status in the future.
At December 31, 2017 and 2016, Park had commitments to lend $1.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of additional funds to borrowers whose outstanding loan terms had been modified in a TDR.
The specific reserve related to TDRs at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Modifications made in 2016 and 2017 were largely the result of renewals and extending the maturity date of the loan, at terms consistent with the original note. These modifications were deemed to be TDRs primarily due to Park’s conclusion that the borrower would likely not have qualified for similar terms through another lender. Many of the modifications deemed to be TDRs were previously identified as impaired loans, and thus were also previously evaluated for impairment under ASC 310. Additional specific reserves of $0.3 million were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017, as a result of TDRs identified in the 2017 year. Additional specific reserves of $1.0 million were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016 as a result of TDRs identified in the 2016 year. Additional specific reserves of $1.3 million were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2015 as a result of TDRs identified in the 2015 year.
The terms of certain other loans were modified during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 that did not meet the definition of a TDR. Substandard commercial loans modified during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 which did not meet the definition of a TDR had a total recorded investment of $106,000 and $26,000, respectively. The renewal/modification of these loans: (1) resulted in a delay in a payment that was considered to be insignificant, or (2) resulted in Park obtaining additional collateral or guarantees that improved the likelihood of the ultimate collection of the loan such that the modification was deemed to be at market terms. Consumer loans modified during 2017 which did not meet the definition of a TDR had a total recorded investment as of December 31, 2017 of $8.9 million. Consumer loans modified during 2016 which did not meet the definition of a TDR had a total recorded investment as of December 31, 2016 of $7.4 million. Many of these loans were to borrowers who were not experiencing financial difficulties but who were looking to reduce their cost of funds.
F- 30

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following tables detail the number of contracts modified as TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as well as the recorded investment of these contracts at December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. The recorded investment pre- and post-modification is generally the same due to the fact that Park does not typically forgive principal.

|  | Year ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Number of Contracts |  | Accruing |  | Nonaccrual |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 29 |  |  | $ | 945 |  |  | $ | 2,770 |  |  | $ | 3,715 |
Commercial real estate |  | 9 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 1,363 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Installment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 15 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 630 |
Mortgage |  | 33 |  |  | 888 |  |  | 1,359 |  |  | 2,247 |
HELOC |  | 19 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 576 |
Installment |  | 11 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 294 |
Consumer |  | 309 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 1,121 |  |  | 1,292 |
Total loans |  | 426 |  |  | $ | 3,923 |  |  | $ | 6,202 |  |  | $ | 10,125 |

|  | Year ended December 31, 2016
(In thousands) |  | Number of Contracts |  | Accruing |  | Nonaccrual |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 32 |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | 8,450 |  |  | $ | 8,641 |
Commercial real estate |  | 14 |  |  | 3,844 |  |  | 2,537 |  |  | 6,381 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | 1,143 |
Mortgage |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Installment |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 11 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | 1,122 |
Mortgage |  | 34 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 2,292 |  |  | 2,406 |
HELOC |  | 13 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 282 |
Installment |  | 5 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 105 |
Consumer |  | 293 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 994 |  |  | 1,178 |
Total loans |  | 405 |  |  | $ | 4,628 |  |  | $ | 16,630 |  |  | $ | 21,258 |

F- 31

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

|  | Year ended December 31, 2015
(In thousands) |  | Number of Contracts |  | Accruing |  | Nonaccrual |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 39 |  |  | $ | 8,948 |  |  | $ | 3,640 |  |  | $ | 12,588 |
Commercial real estate |  | 14 |  |  | 637 |  |  | 3,523 |  |  | 4,160 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 2 |  |  | 513 |  |  | — |  |  | 513 |
Mortgage |  | 1 |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Installment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,185 |  |  | 1,185 |
Mortgage |  | 39 |  |  | 1,132 |  |  | 2,122 |  |  | 3,254 |
HELOC |  | 26 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 360 |
Installment |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |  |  | 155 |
Consumer |  | 283 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 888 |  |  | 1,090 |
Total loans |  | 424 |  |  | $ | 11,766 |  |  | $ | 11,558 |  |  | $ | 23,324 |

Of those loans which were modified and determined to be a TDR during the year ended December 31, 2017, $1.8 million were on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2016. Of those loans which were modified and determined to be a TDR during the year ended December 31, 2016, $9.4 million were on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2015. Of those loans which were modified and determined to be a TDR during the year ended December 31, 2015, $0.8 million were on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2014.
The following table presents the recorded investment in financing receivables which were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the year ended December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2015. For this table, a loan is considered to be in default when it becomes 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. The additional allowance for loan loss resulting from the defaults on TDR loans was immaterial.

|  | Year ended December 31, 2017 |  | Year ended December 31, 2016 |  | Year ended December 31, 2015
(In thousands) |  | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | $ | 419 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Commercial real estate |  | 2 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 626 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Installment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 2 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 848 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,005 |
Mortgage |  | 6 |  |  | 467 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 682 |
HELOC |  | 4 |  |  | 194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |
Installment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 101 |
Consumer |  | 50 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 484 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 434 |
Leases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans |  | 64 |  |  | $ | 1,235 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 3,798 |  |  | 67 |  |  | $ | 2,854 |

F- 32

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Of the $1.2 million in modified TDRs which defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2017, $180,000 were accruing loans and $1.1 million were nonaccrual loans. Of the $3.8 million in modified TDRs which defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2016, $111,000 were accruing loans and $3.7 million were nonaccrual loans. Of the $2.9 million in modified TDRs which defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2015, $44,000 were accruing loans and $2.8 million were nonaccrual loans.
Certain of the Corporation’s executive officers, directors and related entities of directors are loan customers of PNB. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, credit exposure aggregating approximately $42.1 million and $43.4 million, respectively, was outstanding to such parties. Of this total exposure, approximately $31.1 million and $29.6 million was outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, with the remaining balance representing available credit. During 2017, new loans and advances on existing loans were made to these executive officers, directors and related entities of directors totaling $1.6 million and $11.4 million, respectively. These extensions of credit were offset by principal payments of $11.4 million. During 2016, new loans and advances on existing loans were $5.4 million and $3.5 million, respectively. These extensions of credit were offset by principal payments of $15.3 million.
6. Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is that amount management believes is adequate to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio based on management’s evaluation of various factors including the overall growth in the loan portfolio, an analysis of individual loans, prior and current loss experience, and current economic conditions. A provision for loan losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of these and other pertinent factors as discussed within Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
Loss factors are reviewed quarterly and updated at least annually to reflect recent loan loss history and incorporate current risk and trends which may not be recognized in historical data. The following are factors management reviews on a quarterly or annual basis.

• | Historical Loss Factor: Management updated the historical loss calculation during the fourth quarter of 2017, incorporating annualized net charge-offs plus changes in specific reserves through December 31, 2017. With the addition of 2017 historical losses, management extended the historical loss period to 96 months from 84 months. The 96 month historical loss period captures all annual periods subsequent to June 2009, the end of the most recent recession, thus encompassing the full economic cycle to date.

• | Loss Emergence Period Factor: At least annually, management calculates the loss emergence period for each commercial loan segment. This loss emergence period is calculated based upon the average period of time it takes from the probable occurrence of a loss event to the credit being moved to nonaccrual. If the loss emergence period for any commercial loan segment is greater than one year, management applies additional general reserves to all performing loans within that segment of the commercial loan portfolio. The loss emergence period was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2017.

• | Loss Migration Factor: Park’s commercial loans are individually risk graded. If loan downgrades occur, the probability of default increases, and accordingly, management allocates a higher percentage reserve to those accruing commercial loans graded special mention and substandard. Annually, management calculates a loss migration factor for each commercial loan segment for special mention and substandard credits based on a review of losses over the period of time a loan takes to migrate from pass-rated to impaired. The loss migration factor was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2017.

• | Environmental Loss Factor: Management has identified certain macroeconomic factors that trend in accordance with losses in Park’s commercial loan portfolio. These macroeconomic factors are reviewed quarterly and the adjustments made to the environmental loss factor impacting each segment in the performing commercial loan portfolio correlate to changes in the macroeconomic environment. The environmental loss factor was reduced by 0.025% during the first quarter of 2017 due to improved consumer confidence, as measured by the Conference Board Consumer Confidence Index.

F- 33

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The activity in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 is summarized in the following tables.

|  | Year ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 13,434 |  |  | $ | 10,432 |  |  | $ | 5,247 |  |  | $ | 10,958 |  |  | $ | 10,553 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,624 |
Charge-offs |  | 6,017 |  |  | 1,798 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 1,208 |  |  | 10,275 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,403 |
Recoveries |  | (809 | ) |  | (810 | ) |  | (2,124 | ) |  | (1,863 | ) |  | (4,603 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (10,210 | )
Net charge-offs (recoveries) |  | 5,208 |  |  | 988 |  |  | (2,019 | ) |  | (655 | ) |  | 5,672 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 9,193 |
Provision (Recovery) |  | 6,796 |  |  | 157 |  |  | (2,836 | ) |  | (2,292 | ) |  | 6,733 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 8,557 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 15,022 |  |  | $ | 9,601 |  |  | $ | 4,430 |  |  | $ | 9,321 |  |  | $ | 11,614 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 49,988 |

|  | Year ended December 31, 2016
(In thousands) |  | Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 13,694 |  |  | $ | 9,197 |  |  | $ | 8,564 |  |  | $ | 13,514 |  |  | $ | 11,524 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 56,494 |
Charge-offs |  | 5,786 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 1,436 |  |  | 3,014 |  |  | 10,151 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,799 |
Recoveries |  | (1,259 | ) |  | (3,671 | ) |  | (8,559 | ) |  | (2,446 | ) |  | (4,094 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (20,030 | )
Net charge-offs (recoveries) |  | 4,527 |  |  | (3,259 | ) |  | (7,123 | ) |  | 568 |  |  | 6,057 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 769 |
Provision (Recovery) |  | 4,267 |  |  | (2,024 | ) |  | (10,440 | ) |  | (1,988 | ) |  | 5,086 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (5,101 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 13,434 |  |  | $ | 10,432 |  |  | $ | 5,247 |  |  | $ | 10,958 |  |  | $ | 10,553 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,624 |

|  | Year ended December 31, 2015
(In thousands) |  | Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 10,719 |  |  | $ | 8,808 |  |  | $ | 8,652 |  |  | $ | 14,772 |  |  | $ | 11,401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,352 |
Charge-offs |  | 2,478 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 2,352 |  |  | 8,642 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,290 |
Recoveries |  | (1,373 | ) |  | (2,241 | ) |  | (2,092 | ) |  | (2,438 | ) |  | (3,295 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (11,442 | )
Net charge-offs (recoveries) |  | 1,105 |  |  | (1,893 | ) |  | (1,622 | ) |  | (86 | ) |  | 5,347 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 2,848 |
Provision (Recovery) |  | 4,080 |  |  | (1,504 | ) |  | (1,710 | ) |  | (1,344 | ) |  | 5,470 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 4,990 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 13,694 |  |  | $ | 9,197 |  |  | $ | 8,564 |  |  | $ | 13,514 |  |  | $ | 11,524 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 56,494 |

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment in the following tables include all performing loans at December 31, 2017 and 2016, as well as nonperforming loans internally classified as consumer loans. Nonperforming consumer loans are not typically individually evaluated for impairment, but receive a portion of the statistical allocation of the allowance for loan losses. Loans individually evaluated for impairment include all impaired loans internally classified as commercial loans at December 31, 2017 and 2016, which are evaluated for impairment in accordance with GAAP (see Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies).
F- 34

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The composition of the allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was as follows:

|  | December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Commercial, financial, and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 681 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 684 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 14,341 |  |  | 9,599 |  |  | 4,430 |  |  | 9,320 |  |  | 11,614 |  |  | — |  |  | 49,304 |
Total ending allowance balance |  | $ | 15,022 |  |  | $ | 9,601 |  |  | $ | 4,430 |  |  | $ | 9,321 |  |  | $ | 11,614 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 49,988 |
Loan Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 18,034 |  |  | $ | 18,131 |  |  | $ | 1,322 |  |  | $ | 19,058 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56,545 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 1,035,419 |  |  | 1,149,476 |  |  | 180,148 |  |  | 1,706,166 |  |  | 1,241,736 |  |  | 2,993 |  |  | 5,315,938 |
Total ending loan balance |  | $ | 1,053,453 |  |  | $ | 1,167,607 |  |  | $ | 181,470 |  |  | $ | 1,725,224 |  |  | $ | 1,241,736 |  |  | $ | 2,993 |  |  | $ | 5,372,483 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loan balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | 3.78 | % |  | 0.01 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.01 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 1.21 | %
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 1.39 | % |  | 0.84 | % |  | 2.46 | % |  | 0.55 | % |  | 0.94 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.93 | %
Total |  | 1.43 | % |  | 0.82 | % |  | 2.44 | % |  | 0.54 | % |  | 0.94 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.93 | %
Recorded Investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 18,039 |  |  | $ | 18,142 |  |  | $ | 1,324 |  |  | $ | 19,059 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56,564 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 1,039,827 |  |  | 1,153,748 |  |  | 180,693 |  |  | 1,709,737 |  |  | 1,245,544 |  |  | 3,029 |  |  | 5,332,578 |
Total ending recorded investment |  | $ | 1,057,866 |  |  | $ | 1,171,890 |  |  | $ | 182,017 |  |  | $ | 1,728,796 |  |  | $ | 1,245,544 |  |  | $ | 3,029 |  |  | $ | 5,389,142 |

F- 35

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

|  | December 31, 2016
(In thousands) |  | Commercial, financial, and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 548 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 13,282 |  |  | 10,123 |  |  | 5,247 |  |  | 10,871 |  |  | 10,553 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,076 |
Total ending allowance balance |  | $ | 13,434 |  |  | $ | 10,432 |  |  | $ | 5,247 |  |  | $ | 10,958 |  |  | $ | 10,553 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,624 |
Loan Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 20,622 |  |  | $ | 24,465 |  |  | $ | 2,226 |  |  | $ | 23,102 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 70,415 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 973,997 |  |  | 1,131,238 |  |  | 186,719 |  |  | 1,785,395 |  |  | 1,120,850 |  |  | 3,243 |  |  | 5,201,442 |
Total ending loan balance |  | $ | 994,619 |  |  | $ | 1,155,703 |  |  | $ | 188,945 |  |  | $ | 1,808,497 |  |  | $ | 1,120,850 |  |  | $ | 3,243 |  |  | $ | 5,271,857 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loan balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | 0.74 | % |  | 1.26 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.38 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 0.78 | %
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 1.36 | % |  | 0.89 | % |  | 2.81 | % |  | 0.61 | % |  | 0.94 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.96 | %
Total |  | 1.35 | % |  | 0.90 | % |  | 2.78 | % |  | 0.61 | % |  | 0.94 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.96 | %
Recorded Investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 20,624 |  |  | $ | 24,474 |  |  | $ | 2,226 |  |  | $ | 23,102 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 70,426 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 977,553 |  |  | 1,135,390 |  |  | 187,240 |  |  | 1,788,714 |  |  | 1,124,235 |  |  | 3,272 |  |  | 5,216,404 |
Total ending recorded investment |  | $ | 998,177 |  |  | $ | 1,159,864 |  |  | $ | 189,466 |  |  | $ | 1,811,816 |  |  | $ | 1,124,235 |  |  | $ | 3,272 |  |  | $ | 5,286,830 |

7. Loans Held for Sale
Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at their fair value. Mortgage loans held for sale were $4.1 million and $10.4 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts are included in loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and in the residential real estate loan segments in Note 5 - Loans and Note 6 - Allowance for Loan Losses. The contractual balance was $4.1 million and $10.3 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The gain expected upon sale was $55,000 and $131,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. None of these loans were 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2017 or 2016.
During 2015, Park transferred certain commercial loans held for investment, with a book balance of $144,000, to the loans held for sale portfolio, and subsequently completed the sale of these commercial loans held for sale, recognizing a net gain on sale of $756,000. No commercial loans were held for sale or sold during 2017 or 2016.
F- 36

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
8. Other Real Estate Owned
The carrying amount of foreclosed properties held at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are listed below, as well as the recorded investment of loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at those dates.

(In thousands) |  | December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
OREO: |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 7,888 |  |  | $ | 7,642 |
Construction real estate |  | 4,852 |  |  | 4,624 |
Residential real estate |  | 1,450 |  |  | 1,660 |
Total OREO |  | $ | 14,190 |  |  | $ | 13,926 |
Loans in process of foreclosure: |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 2,948 |  |  | $ | 3,250 |

9. Premises and Equipment
The major categories of premises and equipment and accumulated depreciation are summarized as follows:

December 31 (In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Land |  | $ | 19,603 |  |  | $ | 19,577 |
Buildings |  | 77,711 |  |  | 75,472 |
Equipment, furniture and fixtures |  | 55,799 |  |  | 52,719 |
Leasehold improvements |  | 3,273 |  |  | 3,400 |
Total |  | $ | 156,386 |  |  | $ | 151,168 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | (100,485 | ) |  | (93,197 | )
Premises and equipment, net |  | $ | 55,901 |  |  | $ | 57,971 |

Depreciation expense amounted to $8.6 million, $8.4 million and $7.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The Corporation leases certain premises and equipment accounted for as operating leases. The following is a schedule of the future minimum rental payments required for the next five years under such leases with initial terms in excess of one year:

(In thousands) |  |
2018 |  | $ | 1,726 |
2019 |  | 1,563 |
2020 |  | 865 |
2021 |  | 502 |
2022 |  | 446 |
Thereafter |  | 307 |
Total |  | $ | 5,409 |

Rent expense for Park was $2.0 million, $2.1 million and $1.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
F- 37

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
10. Investment in Qualified Affordable Housing
Park makes certain equity investments in various limited partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects. The purposes of these investments are to achieve a satisfactory return on capital, help create affordable housing opportunities, and assist the Company to achieve our goals associated with the Community Reinvestment Act.
As permitted by ASU 2014-01, Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects, Park has elected the proportional amortization method of accounting. Under the proportional amortization method, amortization expense and tax benefits are recognized through the provision for income taxes.
The table below details the balances of Park’s affordable housing tax credit investments and related unfunded commitments as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(In thousands) |  | December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016
Affordable housing tax credit investments |  | $ | 49,669 |  | $ | 52,947 |
Unfunded commitments |  | 14,282 |  | 14,282 |

Commitments are funded when capital calls are made by the general partner. Park expects that the commitments as of December 31, 2017 will be funded between 2018 and 2027.
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, Park recognized amortization expense of $10.3 million, $7.3 million and $6.7 million, respectively, which was included within the provision for income taxes. Included in the $10.3 million of amortization expense during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $3.1 million in accelerated amortization as a result of tax reform as discussed in Note 19 - Income Taxes. This reflects an overall reduction in the total projected tax benefits of the affordable housing tax credit investments as a result of the reduction in the corporate federal income tax rate to 21%. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, Park recognized tax credits and other benefits from its affordable housing tax credit investments of $9.4 million, $9.4 million and $8.9 million, respectively.
11. Deposits
At December 31, 2017 and 2016, non-interest bearing and interest bearing deposits were as follows:

December 31 (In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Non-interest bearing |  | $ | 1,633,941 |  |  | $ | 1,523,417 |
Interest bearing |  | 4,183,385 |  |  | 3,998,539 |
Total |  | $ | 5,817,326 |  |  | $ | 5,521,956 |

At December 31, 2017, the maturities of time deposits were as follows:

(In thousands) |  |
2018 |  | $ | 590,331 |
2019 |  | 217,286 |
2020 |  | 119,452 |
2021 |  | 51,958 |
2022 |  | 53,917 |
After 5 years |  | 532 |
Total |  | $ | 1,033,476 |

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, Park had approximately $24.9 million and $26.5 million of deposits received from executive officers, directors and related entities of directors.
Time deposits that exceed the FDIC Insurance limit of $250,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $36.3 million and $43.3 million, respectively.
F- 38

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
12. Repurchase Agreement Borrowings
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ("repurchase agreements") with customers represent funds deposited by customers, generally on an overnight basis, that are collateralized by investment securities owned by Park. Repurchase agreements with customers are included in short-term borrowings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Park's repurchase agreements with a third-party financial institution are classified as long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
All repurchase agreements are subject to the terms and conditions of repurchase/security agreements between Park and the client and are accounted for as secured borrowings. Park's repurchase agreements reflected in short-term borrowings consist of customer accounts and securities which are pledged on an individual security basis.
At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Park's repurchase agreement borrowings totaled $183 million and $510 million, respectively. At December 31, 2016, $300 million of Park's repurchase agreement borrowings were classified as long-term debt, with the remaining amount being classified as short-term borrowings on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2017, all repurchase agreements were classified as short-term borrowings. These borrowings were collateralized with U.S. government and agency securities with a fair value of $213 million and $569 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Declines in the value of the collateral would require Park to pledge additional securities. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Park had $975 million and $640 million, respectively, of available unpledged securities.
The following table presents the carrying value of Park's repurchase agreements by remaining contractual maturity and collateral pledged at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

|  | December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
|  | Overnight and Continuous |  | Up to 30 days |  | 30 - 90 days |  | Greater than 90 days |  | Total
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 182,185 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,104 |  |  | $ | 183,289 |
|  | December 31, 2016
(In thousands) |  | Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
|  | Overnight and Continuous |  | Up to 30 days |  | 30 - 90 days |  | Greater than 90 days |  | Total
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 208,691 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 301,104 |  |  | $ | 509,795 |

See Note 13 - Short-Term Borrowings for additional information related to repurchase agreements classified as short-term borrowings.
13. Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings were as follows:

December 31 (In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | $ | 183,289 |  |  | $ | 209,795 |
FHLB advances |  | 208,000 |  |  | 185,000 |
Total short-term borrowings |  | $ | 391,289 |  |  | $ | 394,795 |

F- 39

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The outstanding balances for all short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the weighted-average interest rates as of and paid during each of the years then ended were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Repurchase agreements |  | FHLB Advances
2017 |  |  |  |
Ending balance |  | $ | 183,289 |  |  | $ | 208,000 |
Highest month-end balance |  | 230,905 |  |  | 208,000 |
Average daily balance |  | 205,269 |  |  | 23,924 |
Weighted-average interest rate: |  |  |  |
As of year-end |  | 0.41 | % |  | 1.64 | %
Paid during the year |  | 0.35 | % |  | 1.16 | %
2016 |  |  |  |
Ending balance |  | $ | 209,795 |  |  | $ | 185,000 |
Highest month-end balance |  | 248,277 |  |  | 185,000 |
Average daily balance |  | 224,763 |  |  | 15,694 |
Weighted-average interest rate: |  |  |  |
As of year-end |  | 0.17 | % |  | 0.80 | %
Paid during the year |  | 0.16 | % |  | 0.63 | %

During 2016 and 2017, outstanding FHLB advances were collateralized by investment securities owned by the Corporation’s bank subsidiary (PNB) and by various loans pledged under a blanket agreement by the Corporation’s bank subsidiary. At both December 31, 2017 and 2016, $25 million of investment securities were pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, $1,789 million and $1,909 million, respectively, of commercial real estate and residential mortgage loans were pledged under a blanket agreement to the FHLB by Park’s bank subsidiary. See Note 12 - Repurchase Agreement Borrowings for information related to investment securities collateralizing repurchase agreements.
F- 40

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
14. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt is listed below:

December 31, |  | 2017 |  | 2016
(In thousands) |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Average Rate |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Average Rate
Total Federal Home Loan Bank advances by year of maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2017 |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 50,000 |  |  | 1.25 | %
2018 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 2.04 | % |  | 150,000 |  |  | 2.04 | %
2019 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 1.92 | % |  | 75,000 |  |  | 1.96 | %
2020 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 2.04 | % |  | 25,000 |  |  | 2.14 | %
2021 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 1.96 | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
2022 |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Thereafter |  | 100,000 |  |  | 3.40 | % |  | 100,000 |  |  | 3.40 | %
Total |  | $ | 500,000 |  |  | 2.27 | % |  | 400,000 |  |  | 2.27 | %
Total broker repurchase agreements by year of maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2017 |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 300,000 |  |  | 1.75 | %
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | 1.75 | %
Total combined long-term debt by year of maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2017 |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 350,000 |  |  | 1.68 | %
2018 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 2.04 | % |  | 150,000 |  |  | 2.04 | %
2019 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 1.92 | % |  | 75,000 |  |  | 1.96 | %
2020 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 2.04 | % |  | 25,000 |  |  | 2.14 | %
2021 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 1.96 | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
2022 |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Thereafter |  | 100,000 |  |  | 3.40 | % |  | 100,000 |  |  | 3.40 | %
Total |  | $ | 500,000 |  |  | 2.27 | % |  | $ | 700,000 |  |  | 2.05 | %
Prepayment penalty |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,719 | ) |  | — |
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 500,000 |  |  | 2.27 | % |  | $ | 694,281 |  |  | 2.07 | %

On November 30, 2012, Park restructured $300 million in repurchase agreements at a rate of 1.75%. As part of this restructuring, Park paid a prepayment penalty of $25 million. The penalty was amortized as an adjustment to interest expense over the remaining term of the repurchase agreements using the effective interest method, resulting in an effective interest rate of 3.55%. Of the $25 million prepayment penalty, none remained to be amortized as of December 31, 2017.
On November 21, 2014, Park restructured $50 million in FHLB advances at a rate of 1.25%. As part of this restructuring, Park paid a prepayment penalty of $3.2 million. The penalty was amortized as an adjustment to interest expense over the remaining term of the advances using the effective interest method, resulting in an effective interest rate of 3.52%. Of the $3.2 million prepayment penalty, none remained to be amortized as of December 31, 2017.
On March 30, 2015, Park prepaid $54.5 million of FHLB advances, with a weighted average rate of 1.59%, resulting in a prepayment penalty of $532,000 recognized within other expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2015.
On October 20, 2016, Park prepaid $50.0 million of FHLB advances, incurring a $5.6 million prepayment penalty recognized within other expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2016. These advances had an interest rate of 3.15% and a maturity date of November 13, 2023.
Park had $100.0 million of long-term debt at December 31, 2017 with a contractual maturity longer than five years. However, all of this debt is callable by the lender in 2018.
F- 41

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
At December 31, 2017 and 2016, FHLB advances were collateralized by investment securities owned by the Corporation’s bank subsidiary (PNB) and by various loans pledged under a blanket agreement by PNB's banking divisions. At both December 31, 2017 and 2016, $25 million of investment securities were pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, $1,789 million and $1,909 million, respectively, of commercial real estate and residential mortgage loans were pledged under a blanket agreement to the FHLB by PNB. See Note 12 - Repurchase Agreement Borrowings for information related to investment securities collateralizing repurchase agreements.
15. Subordinated Notes
As part of the acquisition of Vision's parent bank holding company ("Vision Parent") on March 9, 2007, Park became the successor to Vision Parent under (i) the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Vision Bancshares Trust I (the “Trust”), dated as of December 5, 2005, (ii) the Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of December 5, 2005, and (iii) the Guarantee Agreement, also dated as of December 5, 2005.
On December 1, 2005, Vision Parent formed a wholly-owned Delaware statutory business trust, Vision Bancshares Trust I (“Trust I”), which issued $15.0 million of Trust I's floating rate preferred securities (the “Trust Preferred Securities”) to institutional investors. These Trust Preferred Securities qualify as Tier I capital under FRB guidelines. All of the common securities of Trust I are owned by Park. The proceeds from the issuance of the common securities and the Trust Preferred Securities were used by Trust I to purchase $15.5 million of junior subordinated notes, which carry a floating rate based on three-month LIBOR plus 148 basis points. The junior subordinated notes represent the sole asset of Trust I. The Trust Preferred Securities accrue and pay distributions at a floating rate of three-month LIBOR plus 148 basis points per annum. The Trust Preferred Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the junior subordinated notes in December 2035, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the junior subordinated notes. Park has the right to redeem the junior subordinated notes purchased by Trust I in whole or in part, on or after December 30, 2010. As specified in the indenture, if the junior subordinated notes are redeemed prior to maturity, the redemption price will be the principal amount, plus any unpaid accrued interest. In accordance with GAAP, Trust I is not consolidated with Park’s financial statements, but rather the subordinated notes are reflected as a liability.
On April 20, 2012, Park entered into a Note Purchase Agreement, dated April 20, 2012 (the “2012 Purchase Agreement”), with 56 purchasers (the "2012 Purchasers"). Under the terms of the 2012 Purchase Agreement, the 2012 Purchasers purchased from Park an aggregate principal amount of $30 million of 7% Subordinated Notes due April 20, 2022 (the "2012 Notes"). The 2012 Notes were intended to qualify as Tier 2 capital under applicable rules and regulations of the FRB. The 2012 Notes could not be prepaid in any amount prior to April 21, 2017; however, subsequent to that date, Park could prepay, without penalty, all or a portion of the principal amount outstanding. On April 24, 2017, Park prepaid in full the $30 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of the 2012 Notes, plus accrued interest on the 2012 Notes in the aggregate amount of $140,000.
16. Contingent Liabilities
The Company is a defendant in lawsuits and other adversary proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Legal costs incurred in connection with the resolution of claims and lawsuits are generally expensed as incurred, and the Company establishes accruals for the outcome of litigation where losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. The Company’s assessment of the current exposure could change in the event of the discovery of additional facts with respect to legal matters pending against the Company or determinations by judges, juries, administrative agencies or other finders of fact that are not in accordance with the Company’s evaluation of claims.
As of December 31, 2016, the Company had accrued charges of approximately $2.3 million for legal contingencies related to various legal and other adversary proceedings. This amount was paid out in full settlement of the related litigation during the year ended December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had accrued charges of approximately $20,000 for legal contingencies related to various legal and other adversary proceedings.
F- 42

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
17. Share-Based Compensation
The Park National Corporation 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2013 Incentive Plan") was adopted by the Board of Directors of Park on January 28, 2013 and was approved by Park's shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 22, 2013. The 2013 Incentive Plan made equity-based awards and cash-based awards available for grant to participants in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted common shares ("Restricted Stock"), restricted stock unit awards that may be settled in common shares, cash or a combination of the two ("Restricted Stock Units"), unrestricted common shares ("Other Stock-Based Awards") and cash-based awards. Under the 2013 Incentive Plan, 600,000 common shares were authorized to be delivered in connection with grants under the 2013 Incentive Plan. The common shares to be delivered under the 2013 Incentive Plan are to consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares, including common shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. At December 31, 2017, there were 116,716 common shares subject to performance-based restricted stock units (“PBRSUs”) issued under the 2013 Incentive Plan.
The Park National Corporation 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Employees (the "2017 Employees LTIP") was adopted by the Board of Directors of Park on January 23, 2017 and was approved by Park's shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 24, 2017. The 2017 Employees LTIP makes equity-based awards and cash-based awards available for grant to participants in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other Stock-Based Awards and cash-based awards. Under the 2017 Employees LTIP, 750,000 common shares are authorized to be delivered in connection with grants under the 2017 Employees LTIP. The common shares to be delivered under the 2017 Employees LTIP are to consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares, including common shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. At December 31, 2017, 750,000 common shares were available for future grants under the 2017 Employee LTIP.
The Park National Corporation 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP") was adopted by the Board of Directors of Park on January 23, 2017 and was approved by Park's shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 24, 2017. The 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP makes equity-based awards and cash-based awards available for grant to participants in the form of nonqualified stock options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other Stock-Based Awards, and cash-based awards. Under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP, 150,000 common shares are authorized to be delivered in connection with grants under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP. The common shares to be delivered under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP are to consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares, including common shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. At December 31, 2017, 138,850 common shares were available for future grants under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP.
The 2017 Employees LTIP and the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP have replaced the provisions of the 2013 Incentive Plan with respect to the grant of future awards. As a result of the approval of the 2017 Employees LTIP and the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP, Park will not grant any additional awards under the 2013 Incentive Plan after April 24, 2017. Awards made under the 2013 Incentive Plan prior to April 24, 2017 will remain in effect in accordance with their respective terms.
During 2017, Park granted 11,150 common shares to directors of Park and to directors of Park's bank subsidiary PNB (and its divisions) under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP. During 2016 and 2015, Park granted 9,950, and 10,150 common shares, respectively, to directors of Park and to directors of Park's bank subsidiary PNB (and its divisions) under the 2013 Incentive Plan. The common shares granted to directors were not subject to a vesting period and resulted in expense of $1.2 million, $950,000, and $963,000 in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, which is included in professional fees and services on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
During 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of Park granted awards of PBRSUs covering an aggregate of 45,788, 41,550 and 23,025, respectively, of common shares, under the 2013 Incentive Plan, to certain employees of Park and its subsidiaries. The number of PBRSUs earned or settled will depend on on the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria and are also subject to subsequent service-based vesting requirements.
F- 43

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
A summary of changes in the common shares subject to nonvested PBRSUs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 follows:

| Common shares subject to PBRSUs
Nonvested at January 1, 2016 | 44,700 |
Granted | 41,550 |
Vested | — |
Forfeited | (825 | )
Nonvested at January 1, 2017 | 85,425 |
Granted | 45,788 |
Vested | (9,674 | )
Forfeited | (3,021 | )
Adjustment for performance conditions of PBRSUs (1) | (1,802 | )
Nonvested at December 31, 2017 (2) | 116,716 |

(1) The number of PBRSUs earned depends on the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria. Adjustment herein represents the difference between the maximum number of common shares which could be earned and the actual number earned for those PBRSUs as to which the performance period was completed.
(2) Nonvested amount herein represents the maximum number of nonvested PBRSUs. As of December 31, 2017, 103,319 PBRSUs are expected to vest.
On March 31, 2017, 9,674 PBRSUs granted in 2014 vested in full due to the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria and the satisfaction of the service-based vesting requirement. A total of 3,293 common shares were withheld to pay employee income taxes. This resulted in a net amount of 6,381 common shares being issued to employees of Park.
Share-based compensation expense of $2.7 million, $1.9 million and $865,000 was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to PBRSU awards to employees. The following table details expected additional share-based compensation expense related to PBRSUs currently outstanding:

(In thousands) |  |
2018 |  | $ | 2,446 |
2019 |  | 1,818 |
2020 |  | 822 |
2021 |  | 137 |
Total |  | $ | 5,223 |

18. Benefit Plans
The Corporation has a noncontributory Defined Benefit Pension Plan (the “Pension Plan”) covering substantially all of the employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. The Pension Plan provides benefits based on an employee’s years of service and compensation.
There was no pension contribution in 2016. During 2017, management contributed $15.0 million, of which $15.0 million was deductible on the 2017 tax return. There is no contribution expected in 2018.
F- 44

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Using an accrual measurement date of December 31, 2017 and 2016, plan assets and benefit obligation activity for the Pension Plan are listed below:

(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Change in fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |
Fair value at beginning of measurement period |  | $ | 167,047 |  |  | $ | 153,498 |
Actual return on plan assets |  | 21,573 |  |  | 19,256 |
Employer contributions |  | 15,000 |  |  | — |
Benefits paid |  | (7,885 | ) |  | (5,707 | )
Fair value at end of measurement period |  | $ | 195,735 |  |  | $ | 167,047 |
Change in benefit obligation |  |  |  |
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of measurement period |  | $ | 114,455 |  |  | $ | 102,245 |
Service cost |  | 5,270 |  |  | 5,055 |
Interest cost |  | 5,085 |  |  | 4,869 |
Actuarial loss |  | 21,773 |  |  | 7,993 |
Benefits paid |  | (7,885 | ) |  | (5,707 | )
Projected benefit obligation at the end of measurement period |  | $ | 138,698 |  |  | $ | 114,455 |
Funded status at end of year (fair value of plan assets less benefit obligation) |  | $ | 57,037 |  |  | $ | 52,592 |

The increase in the actuarial loss from $8.0 million as of December 31, 2016 to $21.8 million as of December 31, 2017, was the result of changes in actuarial assumptions partially offset by greater than projected returns on pension plan assets during 2017. Changes in actuarial assumptions included a change in the discount rate from 4.58% to 3.89% as well as a change in the generational mortality improvement projection scale from scale MP-2016 to scale MP-2017.
The asset allocation for the Pension Plan as of each measurement date, by asset category, was as follows:

|  |  |  | Percentage of Plan Assets
Asset category |  | Target Allocation |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Equity securities |  | 50% - 100% |  | 79 | % |  | 84 | %
Fixed income and cash equivalents |  | remaining balance |  | 21 | % |  | 16 | %
Total |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | %

The investment policy, as established by the Retirement Plan Committee, is to invest assets according to the target allocation stated above. Assets will be reallocated periodically based on the investment strategy of the Retirement Plan Committee. The investment policy is reviewed periodically.
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used to measure the benefit obligation was 7.00% at both December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. This return was based on the expected return of each of the asset categories, weighted based on the median of the target allocation for each class.
The accumulated benefit obligation for the Pension Plan was $116.0 million and $97.2 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
On November 17, 2009, the Park Pension Plan completed the purchase of 115,800 common shares of Park for $7.0 million or $60.45 per share. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of the 115,800 common shares held by the Pension Plan was $12.0 million, or $104.00 per share and $13.9 million, or $119.66 per share, respectively.
F- 45

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Discount rate |  | 3.89 | % |  | 4.58 | % |  | 4.88 | %
Rate of compensation increase |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Under age 30 |  | 10.00 | % |  | 10.00 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Ages 30-39 |  | 6.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 6.00 | %
Ages 40-49 |  | 4.00 | % |  | 4.00 | % |  | 3.00 | %
Ages 50 and over |  | 3.00 | % |  | 3.00 | % |  | 3.00 | %

The estimated future pension benefit payments reflecting expected future service for the next ten years are shown below (in thousands):

2018 | $ | 8,274 |
2019 | 8,404 |
2020 | 9,320 |
2021 | 10,526 |
2022 | 10,937 |
2023-2027 | 53,456 |
Total | $ | 100,917 |

The following table shows ending balances of accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Prior service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net actuarial loss |  | (33,799 | ) |  | (22,677 | )
Total |  | (33,799 | ) |  | (22,677 | )
Deferred taxes |  | 7,098 |  |  | 7,937 |
Disparate tax effect (1) |  | 3,175 |  |  | — |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | $ | (23,526 | ) |  | $ | (14,740 | )

(1) In accordance with U.S. GAAP, Park revalued the deferred tax asset related to net actuarial loss upon the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on December 22, 2017. U.S. GAAP does not allow for a similar revaluation of accumulated other comprehensive loss, resulting in a disparate tax effect. Park adopted ASU 2018-02 on January 1, 2018, which allows for the reclassification of the disparate tax effect to retained earnings.
F- 46

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Using an actuarial measurement date of December 31 for 2017, 2016 and 2015, components of net periodic benefit income and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Components of net periodic benefit income and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | (5,270 | ) |  | $ | (5,055 | ) |  | $ | (5,368 | )
Interest cost |  | (5,085 | ) |  | (4,869 | ) |  | (4,695 | )
Expected return on plan assets |  | 11,455 |  |  | 10,950 |  |  | 11,420 |
Amortization of prior service cost |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15 | )
Recognized net actuarial loss |  | (576 | ) |  | (773 | ) |  | (637 | )
Net periodic benefit income |  | $ | 524 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 705 |
Change to net actuarial (loss) gain for the period |  | $ | (11,698 | ) |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | (1,400 | )
Amortization of prior service cost |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Amortization of net loss |  | 576 |  |  | 773 |  |  | 637 |
Total recognized in other comprehensive income |  | (11,122 | ) |  | 941 |  |  | (748 | )
Total recognized in net benefit income and other comprehensive income |  | $ | (10,598 | ) |  | $ | 1,194 |  |  | $ | (43 | )

There are no estimated prior service costs for the Pension Plan to be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year. The estimated net actuarial loss expected to be recognized in the next fiscal year is $1.4 million.
The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are listed below:

|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Discount Rate |  | 4.58 | % |  | 4.88 | % |  | 4.42 | %
Rate of compensation increase |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Under age 30 |  | 10.00 | % |  | 10.00 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Ages 30-39 |  | 6.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 6.00 | %
Ages 40-49 |  | 4.00 | % |  | 3.00 | % |  | 3.00 | %
Ages 50 and over |  | 3.00 | % |  | 3.00 | % |  | 3.00 | %
Expected long-term return on plan assets |  | 7.00 | % |  | 7.25 | % |  | 7.25 | %

The Pension Plan maintains cash in a PNB savings account. The Pension Plan cash balance was $12.2 million at December 31, 2017.
GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received by Park for an asset or paid by Park to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date, using the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The fair values of equity securities, consisting of mutual fund investments and common stock (U.S. large cap) held by the Pension Plan and the fixed income and cash equivalents, are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs). The fair value of Pension Plan assets at December 31, 2017 was $195.7 million. At December 31, 2017, $169.6 million of equity investments and cash in the Pension Plan were categorized as Level 1 inputs; $26.1 million of plan investments in corporate (U.S. large cap) and U.S. Government sponsored entity bonds were categorized as Level 2 inputs, as fair value was based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments; and no investments were categorized as Level 3 inputs. The fair value of Pension Plan assets was $167.0 million at December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2016, $145.9 million of investments in the Pension Plan were categorized as Level 1 inputs; $21.1 million were categorized as Level 2; and no investments were categorized as Level 3.
F- 47

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Corporation has a voluntary salary deferral plan covering substantially all of the employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. Eligible employees may contribute a portion of their compensation subject to a maximum statutory limitation. The Corporation provides a matching contribution established annually by the Corporation. Contribution expense for the Corporation was $1.3 million, $1.3 million, and $1.2 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The Corporation has entered into Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Agreements (the "SERP Agreements") with certain key officers of the Corporation and its subsidiaries which provide defined pension benefits in excess of limits imposed by federal tax law. The accrued benefit cost for the SERP Agreements totaled $9.9 million and $8.8 million for 2017 and 2016, respectively. The expense for the Corporation was $1.7 million for 2017, $1.5 million for 2016 and $1.1 million for 2015.
19. Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes were recorded at a federal tax rate of 35% at December 31, 2016. On December 22, 2017, “H.R.1,” known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", was signed into law. Among other things, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act permanently lowers the corporate federal income tax rate to 21% from the existing maximum rate of 35%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate to 21%, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require companies to revalue certain tax-related assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with the resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. This revaluation impacted Park’s net deferred tax liabilities and qualified affordable housing tax credit investments. This revaluation resulted in a $1.9 million tax benefit as a result of the revaluation of Park’s net deferred tax liabilities offset by $3.1 million in tax expense as a result of the accelerated amortization of qualified affordable housing tax credit investments. The net effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was an increase to federal income tax expense at Park of $1.2 million.
Also on December 22, 2017, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) released Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address any uncertainty or diversity of views in practice in accounting for the income tax effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in situations where a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete this accounting in the reporting period that includes the enactment date. SAB 118 allows for a measurement period not to extend beyond one year from the Tax Cut and Jobs Act’s enactment date to complete the necessary accounting.
We recorded provisional amounts of deferred income taxes using reasonable estimates in one area where the information necessary to complete the accounting was not available, prepared, or analyzed. Our deferred tax liability for temporary differences associated with equity investments in partnerships is awaiting receipt of Schedules K-1 from outside preparers, which is necessary to determine our 2017 impact from these investments.
We made no adjustments to deferred tax assets representing future deductions for accrued compensation that may be subject to new limitations under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) which, generally, limits the annual deduction for certain compensation paid to certain employees to $1 million. There is uncertainty in applying the newly-enacted rules to existing contracts, and Park is seeking further clarifications before completing our analysis.
We will complete and record the income tax effects of these provisional items during the period the necessary information becomes available. This measurement period will not extend beyond December 22, 2018.
F- 48

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Corporation’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

December 31 (In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Allowance for loan losses |  | $ | 10,498 |  |  | $ | 17,719 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss – Pension plan |  | 7,098 |  |  | 7,937 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss – Unrealized losses on securities |  | 946 |  |  | 1,618 |
Deferred compensation |  | 2,744 |  |  | 4,140 |
OREO valuation adjustments |  | 1,327 |  |  | 2,322 |
Net deferred loan fees |  | 1,115 |  |  | 1,397 |
Deferred contract bonus |  | 645 |  |  | 1,074 |
Nonvested equity-based compensation |  | 1,069 |  |  | 1,115 |
Fixed assets |  | 877 |  |  | 781 |
Accrued litigation |  | 4 |  |  | 793 |
Other |  | 1,226 |  |  | 2,525 |
Total deferred tax assets |  | $ | 27,549 |  |  | $ | 41,421 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |
Deferred investment income |  | 6,120 |  |  | 10,199 |
Pension plan |  | 19,076 |  |  | 26,344 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  | 2,034 |  |  | 3,243 |
Partnership adjustments |  | 460 |  |  | 549 |
Other |  | 364 |  |  | 596 |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | 28,054 |  |  | $ | 40,931 |
Net deferred tax (liability) asset |  | $ | (505 | ) |  | $ | 490 |

Park performs an analysis to determine if a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is required in accordance with GAAP. Management has determined that it is not required to establish a valuation allowance against the December 31, 2017 or 2016 deferred tax assets in accordance with GAAP since it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be fully utilized in future periods.
The components of the provision for federal income taxes are shown below:

December 31, (In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Currently payable |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 20,660 |  |  | $ | 28,879 |  |  | $ | 26,153 |
Amortization of qualified affordable housing projects |  | 10,278 |  |  | 7,300 |  |  | 6,664 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | 3,289 |  |  | 581 |  |  | (250 | )
Total |  | $ | 34,227 |  |  | $ | 36,760 |  |  | $ | 32,567 |

F- 49

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following is a reconciliation of income tax expense to the amount computed at the statutory rate of 35% for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Statutory federal corporate tax rate |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
Changes in rates resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax exempt interest income, net of disallowed interest |  | (2.8 | )% |  | (1.3 | )% |  | (0.5 | )%
Bank owned life insurance |  | (1.4 | )% |  | (1.2 | )% |  | (1.8 | )%
Investments in qualified affordable housing projects, net of tax benefits |  | (1.9 | )% |  | (1.7 | )% |  | (1.9 | )%
Other tax credits |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | (0.9 | )%
KSOP dividend deduction |  | (1.0 | )% |  | (1.0 | )% |  | (1.0 | )%
Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (1) |  | 1.0 | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Other |  | — | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | (0.2 | )%
Effective tax rate |  | 28.9 | % |  | 29.9 | % |  | 28.7 | %

(1) As a result of the reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate to 21%, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require companies to re-value certain tax-related assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with the resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. This re-valuation resulted in a $1.9 million tax benefit as a result of the revaluation of Park’s net deferred tax liabilities and $3.1 million in tax expense as a result of accelerated amortization of qualified affordable housing tax credit investments. The net effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was an increase to federal income tax expense at Park of $1.2 million.
Park and its subsidiaries do not pay state income tax to the state of Ohio, but pay a franchise tax based on equity. The franchise tax expense is included in "State tax expense" on Park’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits.

(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
January 1 Balance |  | $ | 633 |  |  | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 532 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |  | 117 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 80 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | 16 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Reductions due to statute of limitations |  | (77 | ) |  | (80 | ) |  | (70 | )
December 31 Balance |  | $ | 664 |  |  | $ | 633 |  |  | $ | 558 |

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in the future periods at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $506,000, $482,000 and $432,000, respectively. Park does not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease during the next year.
The expense related to interest and penalties recorded on unrecognized tax benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $3,500, $1,500, and $2,000, respectively. The amount accrued for interest and penalties at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $74,000, $70,500 and $69,000, respectively.
Park and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax and income tax in various state jurisdictions. The Corporation is subject to routine audits of tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and states in which we conduct business. No material adjustments have been made on closed federal and state tax audits. Generally, all tax years ended prior to December 31, 2014 are closed to examination by federal and state taxing authorities.
F- 50

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
20. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) components, net of income tax, are shown in the following table for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Year ended December 31, (in thousands) |  | Changes in Pension Plan assets and benefit obligations |  | Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities |  | Total
Beginning balance at January 1, 2017 |  | $ | (14,740 | ) |  | $ | (3,005 | ) |  | $ | (17,745 | )
| Other comprehensive (loss) gain before reclassifications |  | (9,241 | ) |  | 1,261 |  |  | (7,980 | )
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | 455 |  |  | (1,184 | ) |  | (729 | )
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  | (8,786 | ) |  | 77 |  |  | (8,709 | )
Ending balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | (23,526 | ) |  | $ | (2,928 | ) |  | $ | (26,454 | )
Beginning balance at January 1, 2016 |  | $ | (15,351 | ) |  | $ | (292 | ) |  | $ | (15,643 | )
| Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassifications |  | 109 |  |  | (2,713 | ) |  | (2,604 | )
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | 502 |  |  | — |  |  | 502 |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 611 |  |  | (2,713 | ) |  | (2,102 | )
Ending balance at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | (14,740 | ) |  | $ | (3,005 | ) |  | $ | (17,745 | )
Beginning balance at January 1, 2015 |  | $ | (14,865 | ) |  | $ | 1,257 |  |  | $ | (13,608 | )
| Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications |  | (910 | ) |  | (1,549 | ) |  | (2,459 | )
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | 424 |  |  | — |  |  | 424 |
Net current period other comprehensive loss |  | (486 | ) |  | (1,549 | ) |  | (2,035 | )
Ending balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | (15,351 | ) |  | $ | (292 | ) |  | $ | (15,643 | )

The following table provides information concerning amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

|  | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statement of Income
(In thousands) |  | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 |  |
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amortization of prior service cost |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 15 |  |  | Employee benefits
| Amortization of net loss |  | 576 |  | 773 |  | 637 |  |  | Employee benefits
Income before income taxes |  | 576 |  | 773 |  | 652 |  |  | Income before income taxes
| Federal income taxes |  | 121 |  | 271 |  | 228 |  |  | Federal income taxes
| Net of income tax |  | $ | 455 |  | $ | 502 |  | $ | 424 |  |  | Net of income tax
Unrealized gains & losses on available for sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |
| Gain on sale of investment securities |  | $ | (1,821 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | Gain on sale of investment securities
| Other than temporary impairment |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | Miscellaneous expense
Income before income taxes |  | (1,821 | ) | — |  | — |  |  | Income before income taxes
| Federal income taxes |  | (637 | ) | — |  | — |  |  | Federal income taxes
| Net of income tax |  | $ | (1,184 | ) | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | Net of income tax

F- 51

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
21. Earnings Per Common Share
GAAP requires the reporting of basic and diluted earnings per common share. Basic earnings per common share excludes any dilutive effects of PBRSUs.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:

Year ended December 31 (In thousands, except share data) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 84,242 |  |  | $ | 86,135 |  |  | $ | 81,012 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  | 15,295,573 |  |  | 15,332,553 |  |  | 15,364,281 |
Effect of dilutive PBRSUs |  | 94,779 |  |  | 72,607 |  |  | 40,459 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding adjusted for the effect of dilutive PBRSUs |  | 15,390,352 |  |  | 15,405,160 |  |  | 15,404,740 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 5.51 |  |  | $ | 5.62 |  |  | $ | 5.27 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 5.47 |  |  | $ | 5.59 |  |  | $ | 5.26 |

Park awarded 45,788, 41,550 and 23,025 PBRSUs to certain employees during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, 116,716 PBRSUs were outstanding. The PBRSUs vest based on service and performance conditions. The dilutive effect of the PBRSUs was the addition of 94,779, 72,607 and 40,459 common shares for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2015, Park repurchased 70,000 and 71,700 common shares, respectively, to fund the PBRSUs and common shares awarded to directors of Park and to directors of Park's subsidiary PNB (and its divisions). No common shares were repurchased during 2016.
22. Dividend Restrictions
Bank regulators limit the amount of dividends a subsidiary bank can declare in any calendar year without obtaining prior approval. At December 31, 2017, approximately $76.1 million of the total shareholders’ equity of PNB was available for the payment of dividends to the Corporation, without approval by the applicable regulatory authorities.
23. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk and Financial Instruments with Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Corporation is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include loan commitments and standby letters of credit. The instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements.
The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for loan commitments and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Since many of the loan commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments to customers.
The total amounts of off-balance sheet financial instruments with credit risk were as follows:

December 31 (In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Loan commitments |  | $ | 893,205 |  |  | $ | 912,007 |
Standby letters of credit |  | 13,421 |  |  | 13,746 |

The loan commitments are generally for variable rates of interest.
F- 52

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Corporation grants retail, commercial and commercial real estate loans to customers primarily located in Ohio. The Corporation evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Corporation upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties.
Although the Corporation has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of the borrowers’ ability to honor their contracts is dependent upon the economic conditions in each borrower’s geographic location and industry.
24. Loan Servicing
Park serviced sold mortgage loans of $1,371 million at December 31, 2017, compared to $1,330 million at December 31, 2016 and $1,276 million at December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2017, $3.0 million of the sold mortgage loans were sold with recourse compared to $4.1 million at December 31, 2016 and $5.4 million at December 31, 2015. Management closely monitors the delinquency rates on the mortgage loans sold with recourse. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, management had established a reserve of $270,000 and $266,000, respectively, to account for future loan repurchases.
When Park sells mortgage loans with servicing rights retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value. Park selected the “amortization method” as permissible within U.S. GAAP, whereby the servicing rights capitalized are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated future servicing income of the underlying loan. At the end of each reporting period, the carrying value of mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) is assessed for impairment with a comparison to fair value. MSRs are carried at the lower of their amortized cost or fair value. The amortization of MSRs is included within other service income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Activity for MSRs and the related valuation allowance follows:

December 31 (In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
MSRs: |  |  |  |  |  |
Carrying amount, net, beginning of year |  | $ | 9,266 |  |  | $ | 9,008 |  |  | $ | 8,613 |
Additions |  | 1,941 |  |  | 2,286 |  |  | 1,748 |
Amortization |  | (1,624 | ) |  | (1,835 | ) |  | (1,637 | )
Change in valuation allowance |  | 105 |  |  | (193 | ) |  | 284 |
Carrying amount, net, end of year |  | $ | 9,688 |  |  | $ | 9,266 |  |  | $ | 9,008 |
Valuation allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of year |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 826 |
Change in valuation allowance |  | (105 | ) |  | 193 |  |  | (284 | )
End of year |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | 542 |

The fair value of MSRs was $9.7 million and $9.3 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The fair value of MSRs at December 31, 2017 was established using a discount rate of 13% and constant prepayment speeds ranging from 6.54% to 17.10%. The fair value of MSRs at December 31, 2016 was established using a discount rate of 13% and constant prepayment speeds ranging from 6.24% to 16.80%.
Servicing fees included in other service income were $3.5 million, $3.4 million and $3.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
F- 53

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
25. Fair Value
The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that Park uses to measure fair value are as follows:

• | Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that Park has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

• | Level 2: Level 1 inputs for assets or liabilities that are not actively traded. Also consists of an observable market price for a similar asset or liability. This includes the use of “matrix pricing” to value debt securities absent the exclusive use of quoted prices.

• | Level 3: Consists of unobservable inputs that are used to measure fair value when observable market inputs are not available. This could include the use of internally developed models, financial forecasting and similar inputs.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability between market participants at the balance sheet date. When possible, the Company looks to active and observable markets to price identical assets or liabilities. When identical assets and liabilities are not traded in active markets, the Company looks to observable market data for similar assets and liabilities. However, certain assets and liabilities are not traded in observable markets and Park must use other valuation methods to develop a fair value. The fair value of impaired loans is typically based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is estimated through third-party appraisals or internal estimates of collateral values in accordance with Park's valuation requirements per its commercial and real estate loan policies.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 using:
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Balance at December 31, 2017
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 242,720 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 242,720 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 849,161 |  |  | — |  |  | 849,161 |
Equity securities |  | 1,518 |  |  | — |  |  | 417 |  |  | 1,935 |
Mortgage loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | 4,148 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,148 |
Mortgage IRLCs |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swap |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |

F- 54

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 using:
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Balance at December 31, 2016
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government sponsored entities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 267,533 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 267,533 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 987,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 987,172 |
Equity securities |  | 2,644 |  |  | — |  |  | 790 |  |  | 3,434 |
Mortgage loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | 10,413 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,413 |
Mortgage IRLCs |  | — |  |  | 124 |  |  | — |  |  | 124 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swap |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2017 or 2016. Management’s policy is to transfer assets or liabilities from one level to another when the methodology to obtain the fair value changes such that there are more or fewer unobservable inputs as of the end of the reporting period.
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining fair value of the financial assets and liabilities discussed above:
Investment securities: Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments. For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows.
Fair value swap: The fair value of the swap agreement entered into with the purchaser of the Visa Class B shares represents an internally developed estimate of the exposure based upon probability-weighted potential Visa litigation losses.
Mortgage Interest Rate Lock Commitments (IRLCs): IRLCs are based on current secondary market pricing and are classified as Level 2.
Mortgage loans held for sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at their fair value. Mortgage loans held for sale are estimated using security prices for similar product types and, therefore, are classified in Level 2.
F- 55

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The table below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Level 3 inputs for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, for financial instruments measured on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3:

Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands) |  | Equity Securities |  | Fair Value Swap
Balance at January 1, 2017 |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | (226 | )
Total Gains (Losses) |  |  |  |
Included in other comprehensive income |  | 6 |  |  | — |
Transfers out of Level 3 (1) |  | (346 | ) |  | — |
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, other, net |  | (33 | ) |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | (226 | )
Balance at January 1, 2016 |  | $ | 769 |  |  | $ | (226 | )
Total Gains (Losses) |  |  |  |
Included in other comprehensive income |  | 21 |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | (226 | )

(1) Transfered from Level 3 to Level 1 as the result of a quoted market price becoming available.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis described below:
Impaired Loans: At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value have been partially charged off or receive specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is generally based on real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Collateral is then adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, also resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. Additionally, updated independent valuations are obtained annually for all impaired loans in accordance with Company policy.
Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO"): Assets acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired. The carrying value of OREO is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis, but is subject to fair value adjustments when the carrying value exceeds the fair value, less estimated selling costs. Fair value is based on recent real estate appraisals and is updated at least annually. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
F- 56

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Appraisals for both collateral dependent impaired loans and OREO are performed by licensed appraisers. Appraisals are generally obtained to support the fair value of collateral. In general, there are three types of appraisals received by the Company: real estate appraisals, income approach appraisals and lot development loan appraisals. These are discussed below:

• | Real estate appraisals typically incorporate measures such as recent sales prices for comparable properties. Appraisers may make adjustments to the sales prices of the comparable properties as deemed appropriate based on the age, condition or general characteristics of the subject property. Management generally applies a 15% discount to real estate appraised values which management expects will cover all disposition costs (including selling costs). This 15% is based on historical discounts to appraised values on sold OREO properties.

• | Income approach appraisals typically incorporate the annual net operating income of the business divided by an appropriate capitalization rate, as determined by the appraiser. Management generally applies a 15% discount to income approach appraised values which management expects will cover all disposition costs (including selling costs).

• | Lot development loan appraisals are typically performed using a discounted cash flow analysis. Appraisers determine an anticipated absorption period and a discount rate that takes into account an investor’s required rate of return based on recent comparable sales. Management generally applies a 6% discount to lot development appraised values, which is an additional discount above the net present value calculation included in the appraisal, to account for selling costs.

MSRs: MSRs are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. MSRs do not trade in active, open markets with readily observable prices. For example, sales of MSRs do occur, but precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available. As such, management, with the assistance of a third-party specialist, determines fair value based on the discounted value of the future cash flows estimated to be received. Significant inputs include the discount rate and assumed prepayment speeds utilized. The calculated fair value is then compared to market values where possible to ascertain the reasonableness of the valuation in relation to current market expectations for similar products. Accordingly, MSRs are classified as Level 2.
The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Collateral dependent impaired loans are carried at fair value if they have been charged down to fair value or if a specific valuation allowance has been established. A new cost basis is established at the time a property is initially recorded in OREO. OREO properties are carried at fair value if a devaluation has been taken to the property's value subsequent to the initial measurement.

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using:
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Balance at December 31, 2017
Impaired Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,735 |  |  | $ | 2,735 |
Construction real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 127 |  |  | 127 |
Residential real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 712 |  |  | 712 |
Total impaired loans recorded at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,574 |  |  | $ | 3,574 |
MSRs |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,316 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,316 |
OREO: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,295 |  |  | 2,295 |
Construction real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,204 |  |  | 3,204 |
Residential real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,021 |  |  | 1,021 |
Total OREO recorded at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,520 |  |  | $ | 6,520 |

F- 57

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using:
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Balance at December 31, 2016
Impaired Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,057 |  |  | $ | 3,057 |
Construction real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 541 |  |  | 541 |
Residential real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,385 |  |  | 2,385 |
Total impaired loans recorded at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,983 |  |  | $ | 5,983 |
MSRs |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,769 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,769 |
OREO: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,644 |  |  | 2,644 |
Construction real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,322 |  |  | 3,322 |
Residential real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 931 |  |  | 931 |
Total OREO recorded at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,897 |  |  | $ | 6,897 |

The table below provides additional detail on those impaired loans which are recorded at fair value as well as the remaining impaired loan portfolio not included above. The remaining impaired loans consist of loans which are not collateral dependent as well as loans carried at cost as the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows on each of the loans exceeded the book value for each respective credit.

|  | December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Recorded Investment |  | Prior Charge-Offs |  | Specific Valuation Allowance |  | Carrying Balance
Impaired loans recorded at fair value |  | $ | 3,577 |  |  | $ | 2,780 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3,574 |
Remaining impaired loans |  | 52,987 |  |  | 7,260 |  |  | 681 |  |  | 52,306 |
Total impaired loans |  | $ | 56,564 |  |  | $ | 10,040 |  |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 55,880 |

|  | December 31, 2016
(In thousands) |  | Recorded Investment |  | Prior Charge-Offs |  | Specific Valuation Allowance |  | Carrying Balance
Impaired loans recorded at fair value |  | $ | 6,379 |  |  | $ | 3,681 |  |  | $ | 396 |  |  | $ | 5,983 |
Remaining impaired loans |  | 64,047 |  |  | 21,262 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 63,895 |
Total impaired loans |  | $ | 70,426 |  |  | $ | 24,943 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 69,878 |

The (expense) income from credit adjustments related to impaired loans carried at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $(1.6) million, $0.9 million, and $(2.1) million, respectively.
MSRs totaled $9.7 million at December 31, 2017. Of this $9.7 million MSR carrying balance, $7.3 million was recorded at fair value and included a valuation allowance of $0.6 million. The remaining $2.4 million was recorded at cost, as the fair value exceeded cost at December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2016, MSRs totaled $9.3 million. Of this $9.3 million MSR carrying balance, $6.8 million was recorded at fair value and included a valuation allowance of $0.7 million. T he remaining $2.5 million was recorded at cost, as the fair value exceeded cost at December 31, 2016. The income (expense) related to MSRs carried at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $0.1 million, $(0.2) million and $0.3 million, respectively.
F- 58

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Total OREO held by Park at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $14.2 million and $13.9 million, respectively. Approximately 46% and 50% of OREO held by Park at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, was carried at fair value due to fair value adjustments made subsequent to the initial OREO measurement. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, OREO held at fair value, less estimated selling costs, amounted to $6.5 million and $6.9 million, respectively. The net expense related to OREO fair value adjustments was $0.5 million, $0.6 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 2,735 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.0% - 90.0% (22.7%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  | Capitalization rate |  | 9.0% - 11.0% (9.9%)
|  |  |  | Cost approach |  | Accumulated depreciation |  | 90.1% (90.1%)
Construction real estate |  | $ | 127 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.0% - 4.8% (2.4%)
Residential real estate |  | $ | 712 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.3% - 33.0% (12.5%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  | Capitalization rate |  | 10.5% (10.5%)
Other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 2,295 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.9% - 68.4% (34.7%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  | Capitalization rate |  | 13.0% (13.0%)
Construction real estate |  | $ | 3,204 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.0% - 90.0% (24.5%)
|  |  |  | Bulk sale approach |  | Discount rate |  | 15.0% (15.0%)
Residential real estate |  | $ | 1,021 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 1.2% - 79.7% (31.8%)

F- 59

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2016
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 3,057 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.0% - 90.0% (20.2%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  | Capitalization rate |  | 9.0% - 10.6% (10.1%)
|  |  |  | Cost approach |  | Accumulated depreciation |  | 17.0% - 18.0% (17.8%)
Construction real estate |  | $ | 541 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.0% - 11.1% (1.6%)
|  |  |  | Bulk sale approach |  | Discount rate |  | 10.0% (10.0%)
Residential real estate |  | $ | 2,385 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.3% - 110.0% (17.0%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  | Capitalization rate |  | 10.0% (10.0%)
Other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 2,644 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.0% - 68.4% (26.5%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  | Capitalization rate |  | 13.0% - 14.0% (13.1%)
Construction real estate |  | $ | 3,322 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 0.0% - 90.0% (24.7%)
|  |  |  | Bulk sale approach |  | Discount rate |  | 15.0% (15.0%)
Residential real estate |  | $ | 931 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adj to comparables |  | 3.2% - 79.7% (30.6%)

F- 60

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Corporation in estimating its fair value disclosures for assets and liabilities not discussed above:
Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and short-term instruments approximate those assets’ fair values.
Other investments: FHLB stock and FRB stock within other investments are carried at their respective redemption values as it is not practical to calculate their fair values. Additional investments within this category are carried at their cost basis as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value and Park does not have the ability to influence the operating or financial decisions of the investee.
Loans receivable: For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair values for certain mortgage loans (e.g., one-to-four family residential) are based on quoted market prices of similar loans sold in conjunction with securitization transactions, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics. The fair values for other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based upon interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. The methods utilized to estimate fair value do not necessarily represent an exit price.
Off-balance sheet instruments: Fair values for the Corporation’s loan commitments and standby letters of credit are based on the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The carrying amount and fair value are not material.
Deposit liabilities: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and non-interest checking, savings, and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). The carrying amounts for variable-rate, fixed-term certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities of time deposits.
Short-term borrowings: The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased, borrowings under repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings approximate their fair values.
Long-term debt: Fair values for long-term debt are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on long-term debt to a schedule of monthly maturities.
Subordinated notes: Fair values for subordinated notes are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rate spreads currently being offered on similar debt structures to a schedule of monthly maturities.
F- 61

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, was as follows:

|  | December 31, 2017
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands) |  | Carrying value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total fair value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and money market instruments |  | $ | 169,112 |  |  | $ | 169,112 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 169,112 |
Investment securities (1) |  | 1,451,013 |  |  | 1,518 |  |  | 1,455,660 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 1,457,595 |
Accrued interest receivable - securities |  | 5,505 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,505 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,505 |
Accrued interest receivable - loans |  | 16,659 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,659 |  |  | 16,659 |
Mortgage loans held for sale |  | 4,148 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,148 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,148 |
Mortgage IRLCs |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |
Impaired loans carried at fair value |  | 3,574 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,574 |  |  | 3,574 |
Other loans, net |  | 5,314,679 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,247,021 |  |  | 5,247,021 |
Loans receivable, net |  | $ | 5,322,495 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,242 |  |  | $ | 5,250,595 |  |  | $ | 5,254,837 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest bearing checking accounts |  | $ | 1,633,941 |  |  | $ | 1,633,941 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,633,941 |
Interest bearing transaction accounts |  | 1,260,095 |  |  | 1,260,095 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,260,095 |
Savings accounts |  | 1,888,545 |  |  | 1,888,545 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,888,545 |
Time deposits |  | 1,033,476 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,035,093 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,035,093 |
Other |  | 1,269 |  |  | 1,269 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,269 |
Total deposits |  | $ | 5,817,326 |  |  | $ | 4,783,850 |  |  | $ | 1,035,093 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,818,943 |
Short-term borrowings |  | $ | 391,289 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 391,289 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 391,289 |
Long-term debt |  | 500,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 504,503 |  |  | — |  |  | 504,503 |
Subordinated notes |  | 15,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,370 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,370 |
Accrued interest payable – deposits |  | 1,211 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 1,134 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,211 |
Accrued interest payable – debt/borrowings |  | 1,067 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,056 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,067 |
Derivative financial instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swap |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |

(1) Investment securities excludes the category "Other investment securities." This category consists of FHLB and FRB stock carried at their respective redemption values as it is not practical to calculate their fair values. Additional investments within "Other investment securities" are carried at their cost basis as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value and Park does not have the ability to influence the operating or financial decisions of the investee.
F- 62

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

|  | December 31, 2016
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands) |  | Carrying value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total fair value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and money market instruments |  | $ | 146,466 |  |  | $ | 146,466 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 146,466 |
Investment securities (1) |  | 1,517,972 |  |  | 2,644 |  |  | 1,511,377 |  |  | 790 |  |  | 1,514,811 |
Accrued interest receivable - securities |  | 3,849 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,849 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,849 |
Accrued interest receivable - loans |  | 14,973 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,973 |  |  | 14,973 |
Loans held for sale |  | 10,413 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,413 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,413 |
Mortgage IRLCs |  | 124 |  |  | — |  |  | 124 |  |  | — |  |  | 124 |
Impaired loans carried at fair value |  | 5,983 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,983 |  |  | 5,983 |
Other loans, net |  | 5,204,713 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,161,919 |  |  | 5,161,919 |
Loans receivable, net |  | $ | 5,221,233 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,537 |  |  | $ | 5,167,902 |  |  | $ | 5,178,439 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest bearing checking accounts |  | $ | 1,523,417 |  |  | $ | 1,523,417 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,523,417 |
Interest bearing transaction accounts |  | 1,174,448 |  |  | 1,174,448 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,174,448 |
Savings accounts |  | 1,704,920 |  |  | 1,704,920 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,704,920 |
Time deposits |  | 1,117,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,122,598 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,122,598 |
Other |  | 1,301 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,301 |
Total deposits |  | $ | 5,521,956 |  |  | $ | 4,404,086 |  |  | $ | 1,122,598 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,526,684 |
Short-term borrowings |  | $ | 394,795 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 394,795 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 394,795 |
Long-term debt |  | 694,281 |  |  | — |  |  | 712,958 |  |  | — |  |  | 712,958 |
Subordinated notes |  | 45,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,903 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,903 |
Accrued interest payable – deposits |  | 900 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 818 |  |  | — |  |  | 900 |
Accrued interest payable – debt/borrowings |  | 1,251 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,251 |
Derivative financial instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swap |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |

(1) Investment securities excludes the category "Other investment securities." This category consists of FHLB and FRB stock carried at their respective redemption values as it is not practical to calculate their fair values. Additional investments within "Other investment securities" are carried at their cost basis as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value and Park does not have the ability to influence the operating or financial decisions of the investee.
26. Capital Ratios
Financial institution regulators have established guidelines for minimum capital ratios for banks, thrifts and bank holding companies. During the first quarter of 2015, Park adopted the Basel III regulatory capital framework as approved by the federal banking agencies. The adoption of this framework modified the calculation of the various capital ratios, added an additional ratio, common equity tier 1, and revised the adequately and well-capitalized thresholds under the prompt corrective action regulations applicable to PNB. Additionally, under this framework, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, Park must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer is being phased in from 0.0% for 2015 to 2.50% by 2019. The capital conservation buffer was 1.25% for 2017 and 0.625% for 2016. The amounts shown below as the adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer includes the fully phased-in 2.50% buffer. The Federal Reserve Board also adopted requirements Park must maintain to be deemed "well-capitalized" and to remain a financial holding company.
F- 63

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Each of PNB and Park met each of the well-capitalized ratio guidelines applicable to it at December 31, 2017. The following table indicates the capital ratios for PNB and Park at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

| As of December 31, 2017
| Leverage |  | Tier 1 Risk-Based |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  | Total Risk-Based
The Park National Bank | 7.36 | % |  | 10.35 | % |  | 10.35 | % |  | 11.60 | %
Park National Corporation | 9.44 | % |  | 13.22 | % |  | 12.94 | % |  | 14.14 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio | 4.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer | 4.00 | % |  | 8.50 | % |  | 7.00 | % |  | 10.50 | %
Well-capitalized ratio - PNB | 5.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 6.50 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Well-capitalized ratio - Park | N/A |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | 10.00 | %

| As of December 31, 2016
| Leverage |  | Tier 1 Risk-Based |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  | Total Risk-Based
The Park National Bank | 7.34 | % |  | 9.87 | % |  | 9.87 | % |  | 11.24 | %
Park National Corporation | 9.56 | % |  | 12.83 | % |  | 12.55 | % |  | 14.32 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio | 4.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer | 4.00 | % |  | 8.50 | % |  | 7.00 | % |  | 10.50 | %
Well-capitalized ratio - PNB | 5.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 6.50 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Well-capitalized ratio - Park | N/A |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | 10.00 | %

F- 64

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table reflects various measures of capital for Park and PNB:

|  |  |  |  |  | To Be Adequately Capitalized |  | To Be Well-Capitalized
(In thousands) |  | Actual Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
At December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Risk-Based Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNB |  | $ | 628,440 |  |  | 11.60 | % |  | $ | 433,406 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 541,757 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Park |  | 775,867 |  |  | 14.14 | % |  | 438,981 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | 548,726 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNB |  | $ | 560,530 |  |  | 10.35 | % |  | $ | 325,054 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | $ | 433,406 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Park |  | 725,221 |  |  | 13.22 | % |  | 329,235 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | 329,235 |  |  | 6.00 | %
Leverage Ratio (to average total assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNB |  | $ | 560,530 |  |  | 7.36 | % |  | $ | 304,722 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 380,903 |  |  | 5.00 | %
Park |  | 725,221 |  |  | 9.44 | % |  | 307,441 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNB |  | $ | 560,530 |  |  | 10.35 | % |  | $ | 243,791 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | $ | 352,142 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Park |  | 710,221 |  |  | 12.94 | % |  | 246,927 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
At December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Risk-Based Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNB |  | $ | 607,269 |  |  | 11.24 | % |  | $ | 432,153 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 540,192 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Park |  | 784,406 |  |  | 14.32 | % |  | 438,231 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | 547,789 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNB |  | $ | 533,215 |  |  | 9.87 | % |  | $ | 324,115 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | $ | 432,153 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Park |  | 702,651 |  |  | 12.83 | % |  | 328,673 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | 328,673 |  |  | 6.00 | %
Leverage Ratio (to average total assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNB |  | $ | 533,215 |  |  | 7.34 | % |  | $ | 290,671 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 363,339 |  |  | 5.00 | %
Park |  | 702,651 |  |  | 9.56 | % |  | 293,916 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNB |  | 533,215 |  |  | 9.87 | % |  | 243,086 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | 351,125 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Park |  | 687,651 |  |  | 12.55 | % |  | 246,505 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |

27. Segment Information
The Corporation is a financial holding company headquartered in Newark, Ohio. The operating segments for the Corporation are its chartered national bank subsidiary, PNB (headquartered in Newark, Ohio), SEPH and GFSC.
GAAP requires management to disclose information about the different types of business activities in which a company engages and also information on the different economic environments in which a company operates, so that the users of the financial statements can better understand a company’s performance, better understand the potential for future cash flows, and make more informed judgments about the company as a whole. Park’s current operating segments are in line with GAAP as: (i) discrete financial information is available for each operating segment and (ii) the segments are aligned with internal reporting to Park’s Chief Executive Officer and President, who is the chief operating decision-maker.
F- 65

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Operating results for the year ended December 31, 2017 (In thousands)
|  | PNB |  |  | GFSC |  | SEPH |  | All Other |  | Total
Net interest income |  | $ | 235,243 |  |  |  | $ | 5,839 |  |  | $ | 2,089 |  |  | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | 243,759 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 9,898 |  |  |  | 1,917 |  |  | (3,258 | ) |  | — |  |  | 8,557 |
Other income |  | 77,126 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 3,065 |  |  | 80,635 |
Other expense |  | 180,275 |  |  |  | 3,036 |  |  | 5,252 |  |  | 8,805 |  |  | 197,368 |
Income (loss) before taxes |  | 122,196 |  |  |  | 926 |  |  | 499 |  |  | (5,152 | ) |  | 118,469 |
Income taxes (benefit) |  | 34,881 |  |  |  | 666 |  |  | 1,375 |  |  | (2,695 | ) |  | 34,227 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 87,315 |  |  |  | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | (876 | ) |  | $ | (2,457 | ) |  | $ | 84,242 |
Balances at December 31, 2017
Assets |  | $ | 7,467,851 |  |  |  | $ | 32,077 |  |  | $ | 24,902 |  |  | $ | 12,790 |  |  | $ | 7,537,620 |
Loans |  | 5,339,255 |  |  |  | 33,385 |  |  | 10,891 |  |  | (11,048 | ) |  | 5,372,483 |
Deposits |  | 5,896,676 |  |  |  | 3,449 |  |  | — |  |  | (82,799 | ) |  | 5,817,326 |

Operating results for the year ended December 31, 2016 (In thousands)
|  | PNB |  |  | GFSC |  | SEPH |  | All Other |  | Total
Net interest income (loss) |  | $ | 227,576 |  |  |  | $ | 5,874 |  |  | $ | 4,774 |  |  | $ | (138 | ) |  | $ | 238,086 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 2,611 |  |  |  | 1,887 |  |  | (9,599 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,101 | )
Other income (loss) |  | 74,803 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 2,974 |  |  | 955 |  |  | 78,731 |
Other expense |  | 177,562 |  |  |  | 4,457 |  |  | 7,273 |  |  | 9,731 |  |  | 199,023 |
Income (loss) before taxes |  | 122,206 |  |  |  | (471 | ) |  | 10,074 |  |  | (8,914 | ) |  | 122,895 |
Income taxes (benefit) |  | 37,755 |  |  |  | (164 | ) |  | 3,526 |  |  | (4,357 | ) |  | 36,760 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 84,451 |  |  |  | $ | (307 | ) |  | $ | 6,548 |  |  | $ | (4,557 | ) |  | $ | 86,135 |
Balances at December 31, 2016
Assets |  | $ | 7,389,538 |  |  |  | $ | 32,268 |  |  | $ | 25,342 |  |  | $ | 20,438 |  |  | $ | 7,467,586 |
Loans |  | 5,234,828 |  |  |  | 32,661 |  |  | 12,354 |  |  | (7,986 | ) |  | 5,271,857 |
Deposits |  | 5,630,199 |  |  |  | 3,809 |  |  | — |  |  | (112,052 | ) |  | 5,521,956 |

Operating results for the year ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands)
|  | PNB |  |  | GFSC |  | SEPH |  | All Other |  | Total
Net interest income (loss) |  | $ | 220,879 |  |  |  | $ | 6,588 |  |  | $ | (74 | ) |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | 227,632 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 7,665 |  |  |  | 1,415 |  |  | (4,090 | ) |  | — |  |  | 4,990 |
Other income |  | 75,188 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,848 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 77,551 |
Other expense |  | 167,476 |  |  |  | 2,984 |  |  | 6,182 |  |  | 9,972 |  |  | 186,614 |
Income (loss) before taxes |  | 120,926 |  |  |  | 2,191 |  |  | (318 | ) |  | (9,220 | ) |  | 113,579 |
Income taxes (benefit) |  | 36,581 |  |  |  | 768 |  |  | (111 | ) |  | (4,671 | ) |  | 32,567 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 84,345 |  |  |  | $ | 1,423 |  |  | $ | (207 | ) |  | $ | (4,549 | ) |  | $ | 81,012 |
Balances at December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  | $ | 7,229,764 |  |  |  | $ | 35,793 |  |  | $ | 33,541 |  |  | $ | 12,256 |  |  | $ | 7,311,354 |
Loans |  | 5,029,072 |  |  |  | 35,469 |  |  | 15,153 |  |  | (11,609 | ) |  | 5,068,085 |
Deposits |  | 5,447,293 |  |  |  | 4,627 |  |  | — |  |  | (104,278 | ) |  | 5,347,642 |

F- 66

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following is a reconciliation of financial information for the reportable segments to the Corporation’s consolidated totals:

|  | 2017
(In thousands) |  | Net Interest Income |  | Depreciation Expense |  | Other Expense |  | Income Taxes |  | Assets |  | Deposits
Totals for reportable segments |  | $ | 243,171 |  |  | $ | 8,644 |  |  | $ | 179,919 |  |  | $ | 36,922 |  |  | $ | 7,524,830 |  |  | $ | 5,900,125 |
Elimination of intersegment items |  | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,679 | ) |  | (82,799 | )
Parent Co. totals - not eliminated |  | (912 | ) |  | — |  |  | 8,805 |  |  | (2,695 | ) |  | 27,469 |  |  | — |
Totals |  | $ | 243,759 |  |  | $ | 8,644 |  |  | $ | 188,724 |  |  | $ | 34,227 |  |  | $ | 7,537,620 |  |  | $ | 5,817,326 |

|  | 2016
(In thousands) |  | Net Interest Income |  | Depreciation Expense |  | Other Expense |  | Income Taxes |  | Assets |  | Deposits
Totals for reportable segments |  | $ | 238,224 |  |  | $ | 8,396 |  |  | $ | 180,896 |  |  | $ | 41,117 |  |  | $ | 7,447,148 |  |  | $ | 5,634,008 |
Elimination of intersegment items |  | 2,164 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,204 | ) |  | (112,052 | )
Parent Co. totals - not eliminated |  | (2,302 | ) |  | — |  |  | 9,731 |  |  | (4,357 | ) |  | 29,642 |  |  | — |
Totals |  | $ | 238,086 |  |  | $ | 8,396 |  |  | $ | 190,627 |  |  | $ | 36,760 |  |  | $ | 7,467,586 |  |  | $ | 5,521,956 |

|  | 2015
(In thousands) |  | Net Interest Income |  | Depreciation Expense |  | Other Expense |  | Income Taxes |  | Assets |  | Deposits
Totals for reportable segments |  | $ | 227,393 |  |  | $ | 7,347 |  |  | $ | 169,295 |  |  | $ | 37,238 |  |  | $ | 7,299,098 |  |  | $ | 5,451,920 |
Elimination of intersegment items |  | 2,561 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,557 | ) |  | (104,278 | )
Parent Co. totals - not eliminated |  | (2,322 | ) |  | — |  |  | 9,972 |  |  | (4,671 | ) |  | 25,813 |  |  | — |
Totals |  | $ | 227,632 |  |  | $ | 7,347 |  |  | $ | 179,267 |  |  | $ | 32,567 |  |  | $ | 7,311,354 |  |  | $ | 5,347,642 |

28. Parent Company Statements
The Parent Company statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the information set forth below. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.
Cash represents non-interest bearing deposits with PNB. Net cash provided by operating activities reflects cash payments (received from subsidiaries) for income taxes of $3.3 million, $4.4 million and $4.1 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
At December 31, 2017 and 2016, shareholders’ equity reflected in the Parent Company balance sheet includes $282.6 million and $259.7 million, respectively, of undistributed earnings of the Corporation’s subsidiaries which are restricted from transfer as dividends to the Corporation.
F- 67

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Balance Sheets
December 31, 2017 and 2016
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 79,452 |  |  | $ | 112,067 |
Investment in subsidiaries |  | 645,287 |  |  | 626,569 |
Debentures receivable from PNB |  | 25,000 |  |  | 25,000 |
Other investments |  | 1,398 |  |  | 2,962 |
Other assets |  | 26,838 |  |  | 26,651 |
Total assets |  | $ | 777,975 |  |  | $ | 793,249 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Subordinated notes |  | 15,000 |  |  | 45,000 |
Other liabilities |  | 6,874 |  |  | 6,009 |
Total liabilities |  | 21,874 |  |  | 51,009 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 756,101 |  |  | 742,240 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 777,975 |  |  | $ | 793,249 |

Condensed Statements of Income
for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends from subsidiaries |  | $ | 60,000 |  |  | $ | 60,000 |  |  | $ | 60,000 |
Interest and dividends |  | 1,500 |  |  | 2,164 |  |  | 2,561 |
Gain on sale of investment securities |  | 1,821 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other |  | 1,405 |  |  | 1,081 |  |  | 560 |
Total income |  | 64,726 |  |  | 63,245 |  |  | 63,121 |
Expense: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  | 1,073 |  |  | 2,429 |  |  | 2,369 |
Other, net |  | 8,805 |  |  | 9,730 |  |  | 9,972 |
Total expense |  | 9,878 |  |  | 12,159 |  |  | 12,341 |
Income before federal taxes and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries |  | 54,848 |  |  | 51,086 |  |  | 50,780 |
Federal income tax benefit |  | 2,695 |  |  | 4,357 |  |  | 4,671 |
Income before equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries |  | 57,543 |  |  | 55,443 |  |  | 55,451 |
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries |  | 26,699 |  |  | 30,692 |  |  | 25,561 |
Net income |  | $ | 84,242 |  |  | $ | 86,135 |  |  | $ | 81,012 |
Other comprehensive loss (1) |  | (8,709 | ) |  | (2,102 | ) |  | (2,035 | )
Comprehensive income |  | 75,533 |  |  | 84,033 |  |  | 78,977 |

(1) See Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for other comprehensive loss detail.
F- 68

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Statements of Cash Flows
for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
(In thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 84,242 |  |  | $ | 86,135 |  |  | $ | 81,012 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Undistributed income of subsidiaries |  | (26,699 | ) |  | (30,692 | ) |  | (25,561 | )
Compensation expense for issuance of treasury stock to directors |  | 1,241 |  |  | 950 |  |  | 963 |
Share-based compensation expense |  | 2,701 |  |  | 1,864 |  |  | 865 |
Realized net investment security gains |  | (1,821 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Decrease (increase) in other assets |  | 205 |  |  | (3,425 | ) |  | (182 | )
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities |  | 475 |  |  | (2,524 | ) |  | 485 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 60,344 |  |  | 52,308 |  |  | 57,582 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of securities |  | 2,265 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repayment of investments in and advances to subsidiaries |  | — |  |  | 15,000 |  |  | 10,000 |
Net cash provided by investing activities |  | 2,265 |  |  | 15,000 |  |  | 10,000 |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividends paid |  | (57,493 | ) |  | (57,653 | ) |  | (57,776 | )
Repayment of subordinated notes |  | (30,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchase of treasury shares |  | (7,378 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,058 | )
Cash payment for fractional shares |  | (6 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (3 | )
Value of common shares withheld to pay employee income taxes |  | (347 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (95,224 | ) |  | (57,657 | ) |  | (63,837 | )
(Decrease) increase in cash |  | (32,615 | ) |  | 9,651 |  |  | 3,745 |
Cash at beginning of year |  | 112,067 |  |  | 102,416 |  |  | 98,671 |
Cash at end of year |  | $ | 79,452 |  |  | $ | 112,067 |  |  | $ | 102,416 |

29. Subsequent Events
On January 22, 2018, Park, PNB and NewDominion Bank, a North Carolina state-chartered bank ("NewDominion"), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the "NewDominion Merger Agreement"), pursuant to which NewDominion will merge with and into PNB (the "NewDominion Merger"). Subject to the terms and conditions of the NewDominion Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the NewDominion Merger (the "NewDominion Effective Time"), NewDominion shareholders will have the right to receive for each share of NewDominion's voting and non-voting common stock, par value $0.25 per share, at their election either (i) $1.08 in cash or (ii) 0.01023 Park Common Shares (the "NewDominion Merger Consideration"), subject to required proration in the event that cash or Common Shares are oversubscribed as provided in the NewDominion Merger Agreement.
At the NewDominion Effective Time, outstanding NewDominion stock options with an exercise price of less than $1.08 per share will be canceled and converted into the right to receive the NewDominion Merger Consideration with the same election right as NewDominion shareholders, subject to proration. Each outstanding NewDominion stock option with an exercise price of $1.08 per share or more will be assumed and converted into an option to purchase Park Common Shares, on the same terms and conditions as were applicable under such NewDominion stock option. At the NewDominion Effective Time, NewDominion restricted stock awards will fully vest (with any performance-based vesting condition deemed satisfied) and will be canceled and converted automatically into the right to receive the NewDominion Merger Consideration, with the same election right as New Dominion shareholders, subject to proration as provided in the NewDominion Merger Agreement.
The NewDominion Merger Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and covenants of each party. Subject to certain terms and conditions, the NewDominion Merger Agreement provides that the board of directors of NewDominion will
F- 69

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
recommend the approval and adoption of the NewDominion Merger Agreement by the shareholders of NewDominion. NewDominion has also agreed not to solicit acquisition proposals relating to alternative business combination transactions. In addition, NewDominion has agreed not to participate in discussions or negotiations or provide information in connection with any acquisition proposals for alternative business combination transactions unless certain conditions are satisfied.
Closing of the NewDominion Merger is subject to customary conditions, including, among others, approval of the NewDominion Merger Agreement by NewDominion’s shareholders, receipt of required regulatory approvals, effectiveness of the registration statement to be filed by Park, and approval for listing on NYSE AMERICAN, with respect to the Park Common Shares to be issued in the NewDominion Merger.
The NewDominion Merger Agreement provides certain termination rights for each party and further provides that, in the event the NewDominion Merger Agreement is terminated under certain circumstances in connection with a competing acquisition transaction, NewDominion will be required to pay Park a termination fee equal to $4,170,000.
In connection with the NewDominion Merger Agreement, Park and Park National Bank entered into voting and support agreements with the directors and executive officers of NewDominion, in those individuals’ capacities as shareholders, and with certain substantial shareholders of NewDominion. Pursuant to the terms of the voting and support agreements, each director and each executive officer of NewDominion and those certain substantial shareholders of NewDominion have agreed to vote the shares of NewDominion common stock they own in favor of the NewDominion Merger Agreement, subject to the exceptions set forth in the voting agreements.
F- 70