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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________________ to __________________________

Commission File Number | 1-13006

PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio |  | 31-1179518
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

50 North Third Street, | P.O. Box 3500 | Newark, | Ohio | 43058-3500
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) |  |  |  |

(740) | 349-8451
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |

N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common shares, without par value | PRK | NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 16,296,427 Common Shares, no par value per share, outstanding at May 7, 2020.

PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION
CONTENTS

| Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements |
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets a t March 31, 20 20 and December 31, 201 9 (unaudited) | 4
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 201 9 (unaudited) | 6
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 20 20 and 201 9 (unaudited) | 8
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 20 20 and 201 9 (unaudited) | 9
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended Mar ch 31, 20 20 and 201 9 (unaudited) | 10
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements | 12
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 56
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 83
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 83
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 84
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 84
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 84
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 85
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 86
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 86
Item 5. Other Information | 86
Item 6. Exhibits | 86
SIGNATURES | 89

2

Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Park has identified the following list of abbreviations and acronyms that are used in the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

AFS | Available-for-sale |  | MSRs | Mortgage servicing rights
ALLL | Allowance for loan losses |  | NAV | Net asset value
Allowance | Allowance for loan losses |  | NewDominion | NewDominion Bank Division
AOCI | Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | OCI | Other comprehensive income
ASC | Accounting Standards Codification |  | OREO | Other real estate owned
ASU | Accounting standards update |  | Park | Park National Corporation and its subsidiaries
CABF | CAB Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries |  | PBRSUs | Performance-based restricted stock units
CARES Act | Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act |  | PCI | Purchase credit impaired
Carolina Alliance | CAB Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries |  | PNB | The Park National Bank
CECL | Current expected credit loss |  | ROU | Right-of-use
FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board |  | SARs | Stock appreciation rights
FHLB | Federal Home Loan Bank |  | SEPH | SE Property Holdings, LLC
FRB | Federal Reserve Bank |  | TBRSUs | Time-based restricted stock units
GFSC | Guardian Financial Services Company |  | TDRs | Troubled debt restructurings
HTM | Held-to-maturity |  | U.S. GAAP | United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
IRLC | Interest rate lock commitment |  | U.S. | United States

3

Table of Contents
PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Assets: |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 145,062 |  |  | $ | 135,567 |
Money market instruments | 175,858 |  |  | 24,389 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 320,920 |  |  | 159,956 |
Investment securities: |  |  |
Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $1,139,189 and $1,187,499 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) | 1,184,399 |  |  | 1,209,701 |
Other investment securities | 68,688 |  |  | 69,806 |
Total investment securities | 1,253,087 |  |  | 1,279,507 |
Loans | 6,522,519 |  |  | 6,501,404 |
Allowance for loan losses | (61,503) |  |  | (56,679) |
Net loans | 6,461,016 |  |  | 6,444,725 |
Bank owned life insurance | 213,776 |  |  | 212,529 |
Prepaid assets | 107,042 |  |  | 101,990 |
Goodwill | 159,595 |  |  | 159,595 |
Other intangible assets | 10,917 |  |  | 11,523 |
Premises and equipment, net | 77,330 |  |  | 73,322 |
Affordable housing tax credit investments | 51,241 |  |  | 53,070 |
Other real estate owned | 3,600 |  |  | 4,029 |
Accrued interest receivable | 23,406 |  |  | 24,217 |
Operating lease right-of-use asset | 20,737 |  |  | 13,714 |
Mortgage loan servicing rights | 8,768 |  |  | 10,070 |
Other | 7,856 |  |  | 10,130 |
Total assets | $ | 8,719,291 |  |  | $ | 8,558,377 |

4

Table of Contents
PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Noninterest bearing | $ | 1,976,565 |  |  | $ | 1,959,935 |
Interest bearing | 5,313,568 |  |  | 5,092,677 |
Total deposits | 7,290,133 |  |  | 7,052,612 |
Short-term borrowings | 193,373 |  |  | 230,657 |
Long-term debt | 140,000 |  |  | 192,500 |
Subordinated notes | 15,000 |  |  | 15,000 |
Unfunded commitments in affordable housing tax credit investments | 23,348 |  |  | 25,894 |
Operating lease liability | 21,482 |  |  | 14,482 |
Accrued interest payable | 2,830 |  |  | 2,927 |
Other | 51,248 |  |  | 55,291 |
Total liabilities | $ | 7,737,414 |  |  | $ | 7,589,363 |
Shareholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred shares (200,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Common shares (No par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 17,623,190 shares issued at March 31, 2020 and 17,623,199 shares issued at December 31, 2019) | 456,777 |  |  | 459,389 |
Retained earnings | 649,636 |  |  | 646,847 |
Treasury shares (1,327,729 shares at March 31, 2020 and 1,276,757 shares at December 31, 2019) | (132,640) |  |  | (127,633) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes | 8,104 |  |  | (9,589) |
Total shareholders' equity | 981,877 |  |  | 969,014 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 8,719,291 |  |  | $ | 8,558,377 |

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5

Table of Contents
PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Interest and dividend income: |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans | $ | 80,687 |  |  | $ | 72,003 |
Interest and dividends on: |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government, its agencies and other securities - taxable | 5,531 |  |  | 6,995 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions - tax-exempt | 2,200 |  |  | 2,217 |
Other interest income | 491 |  |  | 641 |
Total interest and dividend income | 88,909 |  |  | 81,856 |
Interest expense: |  |  |
Interest on deposits: |  |  |
Demand and savings deposits | 6,342 |  |  | 7,093 |
Time deposits | 4,285 |  |  | 3,777 |
Interest on borrowings: |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | 462 |  |  | 739 |
Long-term debt | 1,537 |  |  | 2,471 |
Total interest expense | 12,626 |  |  | 14,080 |
Net interest income | 76,283 |  |  | 67,776 |
Provision for loan losses | 5,153 |  |  | 2,498 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 71,130 |  |  | 65,278 |
Other income: |  |  |
Income from fiduciary activities | 7,113 |  |  | 6,723 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 2,528 |  |  | 2,559 |
Other service income | 3,766 |  |  | 2,818 |
Debit card fee income | 4,960 |  |  | 4,369 |
Bank owned life insurance income | 1,248 |  |  | 1,006 |
ATM fees | 412 |  |  | 440 |
Loss on sale of OREO, net | (196) |  |  | (12) |
(Loss) gain on equity securities, net | (973) |  |  | 1,742 |
Other components of net periodic pension benefit income | 1,988 |  |  | 1,183 |
Miscellaneous | 1,640 |  |  | 1,197 |
Total other income | 22,486 |  |  | 22,025 |

6

Table of Contents
PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (Unaudited) (Continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Other expense: |  |  |
Salaries | $ | 28,429 |  |  | $ | 25,805 |
Employee benefits | 10,043 |  |  | 8,430 |
Occupancy expense | 3,480 |  |  | 3,011 |
Furniture and equipment expense | 4,319 |  |  | 4,150 |
Data processing fees | 2,492 |  |  | 2,133 |
Professional fees and services | 7,066 |  |  | 6,006 |
Marketing | 1,486 |  |  | 1,226 |
Insurance | 1,550 |  |  | 1,156 |
Communication | 1,155 |  |  | 1,333 |
State tax expense | 1,145 |  |  | 1,005 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 606 |  |  | 289 |
Miscellaneous | 4,505 |  |  | 2,283 |
Total other expense | 66,276 |  |  | 56,827 |
Income before income taxes | 27,340 |  |  | 30,476 |
Income taxes | 4,968 |  |  | 5,021 |
Net income | $ | 22,372 |  |  | $ | 25,455 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.37 |  |  | $ | 1.63 |
Diluted | $ | 1.36 |  |  | $ | 1.62 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 16,303,602 |  |  | 15,651,541 |
Diluted | 16,425,881 |  |  | 15,744,777 |
Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 1.22 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
7

Table of Contents
PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net income | $ | 22,372 |  |  | $ | 25,455 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |
Unrealized net holding gain on debt securities available-for-sale, net of income tax effect of $4,832 and $3,866 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. | 18,176 |  |  | 14,541 |
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivatives, net of income tax effect of $(128) and $(55) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. | (483) |  |  | (206) |
Other comprehensive income | $ | 17,693 |  |  | $ | 14,335 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 40,065 |  |  | $ | 39,790 |

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
8

Table of Contents
PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

|  | Preferred Shares |  | Common Shares |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Shares |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 459,389 |  |  | $ | 646,847 |  |  | $ | (127,633) |  |  | $ | (9,589) |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | 22,372 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17,693 |
Dividends on common shares at $1.22 per share |  |  |  |  |  | (20,111) |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash payment for fractional common shares in dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issuance of 25,028 common shares under share-based compensation awards, net of 11,646 common shares withheld to pay employee income taxes |  |  |  | (3,865) |  |  | 528 |  |  | 2,500 |  |  |
Repurchase of 76,000 common shares to be held as treasury shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,507) |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  | 1,254 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 456,777 |  |  | $ | 649,636 |  |  | $ | (132,640) |  |  | $ | 8,104 |

Balance at January 1, 2019, as previously presented |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 358,598 |  |  | $ | 614,069 |  |  | $ | (90,373) |  |  | $ | (49,788) |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for leases, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  | (143) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2019, as adjusted |  | — |  |  | 358,598 |  |  | 613,926 |  |  | (90,373) |  |  | (49,788) |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | 25,455 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,335 |
Dividends on common shares at $1.21 per share |  |  |  |  |  | (19,137) |  |  |  |  |
Cash payment for fractional common shares in dividend reinvestment plan |  |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Issuance of 27,719 common shares under share-based compensation awards, net of 8,736 common shares withheld to pay employee income taxes |  |  |  | (2,480) |  |  | (273) |  |  | 1,926 |  |  |
Repurchase of 86,650 common shares to be held as treasury shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8,502) |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  | 1,358 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 357,475 |  |  | $ | 619,971 |  |  | $ | (96,949) |  |  | $ | (35,453) |

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
9

Table of Contents
PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 22,372 |  |  | $ | 25,455 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | 5,153 |  |  | 2,498 |
Accretion of loan fees and costs, net | (1,866) |  |  | (1,583) |
Depreciation of premises and equipment | 2,507 |  |  | 2,133 |
Amortization of investment securities, net | 388 |  |  | 353 |
Net (accretion) amortization of purchase accounting adjustments | (766) |  |  | 32 |
Loss (gain) on equity securities, net | 973 |  |  | (1,742) |
Loan originations to be sold in secondary market | (88,824) |  |  | (34,419) |
Proceeds from sale of loans in secondary market | 79,139 |  |  | 35,123 |
Gain on sale of loans in secondary market | (1,938) |  |  | (822) |
Share-based compensation expense | 1,254 |  |  | 1,358 |
Loss on sale of OREO, net | 196 |  |  | 12 |
Bank owned life insurance income | (1,248) |  |  | (1,006) |
Investment in qualified affordable housing tax credits amortization | 1,829 |  |  | 1,812 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Increase in prepaid dealer premiums | (219) |  |  | (281) |
Increase in other assets | (4,593) |  |  | (1,118) |
Decrease in other liabilities | (5,595) |  |  | (3,150) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 8,762 |  |  | $ | 24,655 |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from the redemption/repurchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock | $ | 1,216 |  |  | $ | 5,405 |
Proceeds from calls and maturities of: |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities | 47,922 |  |  | 44,066 |
Held-to-maturity debt securities | — |  |  | 68 |
Purchases of: |  |  |
Equity securities | (1,071) |  |  | — |
Federal Reserve Bank stock | — |  |  | (2,585) |
Net loan originations, portfolio loans | (6,818) |  |  | (47,909) |
Investment in qualified affordable housing tax credits | (2,546) |  |  | (2,658) |
Proceeds from the sale of OREO | 383 |  |  | 181 |
Life insurance death benefits | — |  |  | 584 |
Purchases of premises and equipment | (6,343) |  |  | (2,902) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | $ | 32,743 |  |  | $ | (5,750) |

10

Table of Contents

PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Continued) (in thousands) |  |  |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in deposits | $ | 237,611 |  |  | $ | 64,389 |
Net decrease in short-term borrowings | (37,284) |  |  | (9,397) |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — |  |  | 25,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (52,500) |  |  | (50,000) |
Value of common shares withheld to pay employee income taxes | (837) |  |  | (827) |
Repurchase of common shares to be held as treasury shares | (7,507) |  |  | (8,502) |
Cash dividends paid | (20,024) |  |  | (19,303) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 119,459 |  |  | $ | 1,360 |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | 160,964 |  |  | 20,265 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 159,956 |  |  | 167,214 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 320,920 |  |  | $ | 187,479 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 12,723 |  |  | $ | 13,820 |
Non-cash items: |  |  |
Loans transferred to OREO | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 568 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | 7,755 |  |  | 10,970 |

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
11

Table of Contents
PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements included in this report have been prepared for Park National Corporation (sometimes also referred to as the “Registrant”) and its subsidiaries. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to "Park", the "Corporation" or the "Company" and similar terms mean Park National Corporation and its subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods included herein have been made. The results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be anticipated for the year ending December 31, 2020.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed balance sheets, condensed statements of income, condensed statements of comprehensive income, condensed statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and condensed statements of cash flows in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Park for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 ("Park's 2019 Form 10-K"). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Park’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Park’s 2019 Form 10-K. For interim reporting purposes, Park follows the same basic accounting policies, as updated by the information contained in this report, and considers each interim period an integral part of an annual period.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant, unprecedented disruption around the world that has affected daily living and negatively impacted the global economy. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic may meaningfully impact significant estimates such as the allowance for loan losses, goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and pension plan obligations and related expenses. Additionally, the pandemic may particularly impact certain loan concentrations in the hotel, restaurant, arts, entertainment, and recreation, real estate, healthcare, and rental and leasing industries.
Note 2 - Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements and Issued But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards
The following is a summary of new accounting pronouncements impacting Park's consolidated financial statements, and issued accounting standards not yet effective for Park:
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
ASU 2018-13 - Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement: In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13 - Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement by removing, modifying and adding certain requirements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of this ASU. An entity is permitted to early adopt and remove or modify disclosures upon issuance of the ASU and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2020 did not have an impact on Park’s consolidated financial statements, but did impact disclosures.
ASU 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting: In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this ASU are effective from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements, but Park will consider this guidance as contracts are transitioned from LIBOR to another reference rate.
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Issued But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards
ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments: In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new accounting guidance in this ASU replaces the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables, HTM debt securities, and reinsurance receivables. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. The CECL model requires an entity to estimate credit losses over the life of an asset or off-balance sheet exposure. The new accounting guidance was to have been effective for Park for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019.
Section 4014 of the CARES Act provides financial institutions with optional temporary relief from having to comply with ASU 2016-13 including the CECL methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses. This temporary relief will expire on the earlier of the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak declared by the President on March 15, 2020 terminates or December 31, 2020, with adoption being effective retrospectively as of January 1, 2020.
Park elected to delay the implementation of CECL following the approval of the CARES Act. The CECL standard requires
financial institutions to calculate an allowance utilizing a reasonable and supportable forecast period which Park has established
as a one-year period. Much is still unknown about the economic impact of COVID-19 including the duration of the pandemic,
future government programs that may be established as a result of the pandemic, and the resiliency of the U.S. economy,
making any forecast subject to large fluctuations in the coming months. In this unprecedented situation, Park believes that
adoption of the CECL model in the first quarter 2020 would have added an unnecessary level of subjectivity and volatility to
the calculation of the allowance for credit losses.
With the delay, management is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this new accounting guidance on Park’s consolidated financial statements. Adoption will be applied through a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2020. Management has developed a qualitative credit model and is completing the process of validation. Management is still finalizing the analysis of qualitative factors, to capture inherent risks, which are not included within the quantitative credit model. Management, along with Park’s CECL Committee, is in the process of implementing the accounting, processes, controls and governance required to comply with the new accounting guidance.
The Company is using a blend of multiple economic forecasts to estimate expected credit losses over a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period and then revert, over a one-year period, to longer term historical loss experience to arrive at lifetime expected credit losses. The estimated change in the allowance for credit losses as compared to Park's historical ALLL is primarily due to required increases for residential mortgage, home equity, and installment loans to address the requirement to estimate lifetime expected credit losses and the remaining length of time to maturity for these loans as well as an increase in reserves on acquired non-impaired loans which have low reserve levels under the incurred loss accounting guidance. Offsetting declines in the allowance are expected for commercial and commercial real estate loans due to their short-term nature. Additionally, management expects an increase in the allowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments.
While adoption of this ASU is expected to increase the allowance for credit losses, it will not change the overall credit risk in the Company's loan, lease and securities portfolios or the ultimate losses therein. The transition adjustment to increase the allowance will primarily result in a decrease to shareholders' equity, net of income taxes. The ultimate impact of the adoption of this ASU will depend on the composition of the loan, lease and securities portfolios, finalization of credit loss models, and macroeconomic conditions and forecasts that exist at the adoption date.
ASU 2018-14 - Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans: In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14 - Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The amendments in this ASU modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans by removing disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifying the specific requirements of disclosures and adding disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance will not have an impact on Park’s consolidated financial statements, but will impact disclosures.
ASU 2018-19 - Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19 - Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The amendment
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in this ASU clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Impairment of receivables arising from operating leases are to be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. Park will consider this clarification in determining the appropriate adoption of ASU 2016-13.
ASU 2019-04 - Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments: In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19 - Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. This ASU includes amendments that clarify or address specific issues about certain aspects of the amendments in ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 925-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.
Park has already adopted ASU 2016-01. As a result, certain provisions in the amendments within ASU 2019-04 related to the same topics as ASU 2016-01 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of the provisions related to the same topics as ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2020 did not have a material effect on Park’s consolidated financial statements.
For the amendments related to Topic 326 that clarify or address specific aspects of ASU 2016-13, Park will consider these clarifications in determining the appropriate adoption of ASU 2016-13.
Park has already adopted ASU 2017-12. As a result, the amendments within ASU 2019-04 related to the same topics as ASU 2017-12 are effective as of January 1, 2020. This ASU allows entities, like Park, that did not reclassify debt securities from HTM to AFS upon the adoption of ASU 2017-12 to reclassify these securities as of the adoption of ASU 2019-04. Park has considered this option and, effective September 1, 2019, reclassified all HTM debt securities to AFS. The transfer occurred at fair value and resulted in an unrealized gain, net of taxes, of $19.1 million being recorded in other comprehensive income.
ASU 2019-05 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). The amendments in this ASU provide entities that have certain instruments within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost, with an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option in Subtopic 825-10, Financial Instruments - Overall, applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis for eligible instruments, upon adoption of Topic 326. Park will consider this amendment in determining the appropriate adoption of ASU 2016-13.
ASU 2019-11 - Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11 - Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This ASU represents changes to clarify, correct errors in, or improve the ASC related to five topics. The amendments make the ASC easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. Park will consider these clarifications and improvements in determining the appropriate adoption of ASU 2016-13.
ASU 2019-20 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes: In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-20 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU includes amendments to simplify accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and adding requirements with the intention of simplifying and clarifying existing guidance. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2020-01 - Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815: In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01 - Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. This ASU represents changes to clarify certain interactions between the guidance to account for certain equity securities under Topic 321, the guidance to account for investments under the equity method of accounting in Topic 323, and the guidance in Topic 815. These amendments improve current U.S. GAAP by reducing diversity in practice and increasing comparability of the accounting for these transactions. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on Park's consolidated financial statements.
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ASU 2020-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842): In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU represents changes to clarify or improve the ASC. The amendments make the ASC easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. It also addresses transition and open effective date information for Topic 842. Park will consider these clarifications and improvements in determining the appropriate adoption of ASU 2016-13.
ASU 2020-03 - Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments: In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-03 - Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments. This ASU represents changes to clarify or improve the ASC related to seven topics. The amendments make the ASC easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. Issues 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are conforming amendments and for public entities were effective upon the issuance of the standard. Issues 6 and 7 are amendments that affect the guidance in ASU 2016-13. Park will consider these clarifications and improvements in determining the appropriate adoption of ASU 2016-13.
Note 3 - Business Combinations
CAB Financial Corporation
On April 1, 2019, CAB Financial Corporation, a South Carolina corporation, merged with and into Park, with Park continuing as the surviving entity pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the "CABF Merger Agreement"), dated as of September 12, 2018, by and between Park and CABF. Immediately following the CABF merger into Park, Carolina Alliance Bank, a South Carolina state-chartered bank and a wholly-owned subsidiary of CABF, was merged with and into PNB, with PNB as the surviving bank. In accordance with the transactions completed by the CABF Merger Agreement (the "Carolina Alliance acquisition"), CABF shareholders received for each share of their CABF common stock (i) $3.80 in cash (the cash consideration) and (ii) 0.1378 of a Park common share (the stock consideration). CABF stock options and restricted stock awards were fully vested (with any performance-based vesting condition deemed satisfied) and canceled and converted automatically into the right to receive merger consideration.
Purchase consideration consisted of 1,037,205 Park common shares, valued at $98.3 million, and $28.6 million in cash to acquire 100% of CABF's outstanding shares of common stock. The Carolina Alliance acquisition is expected to provide additional revenue growth and geographic diversification.
Carolina Alliance's results of operations were included in Park's results beginning April 1, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Park recorded merger-related expenses of $234,000 and $205,000, respectively, associated with the Carolina Alliance acquisition.
Goodwill of $46.9 million arising from the Carolina Alliance acquisition consisted largely of synergies and the cost savings resulting from the combining of the operations of PNB and Carolina Alliance. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes as the transaction was accounted for as a tax-free exchange.
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The following table summarizes the consideration paid in the Carolina Alliance acquisition and the amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair value:

(in thousands) |
Consideration |
Cash | $ | 28,630 |
Park common shares | 98,275 |
Fair value of total consideration transferred | $ | 126,905 |
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 23,799 |
Securities | 97,606 |
Loans | 578,577 |
Premises and equipment | 8,337 |
Core deposit intangibles | 8,207 |
Other assets | 32,123 |
Total assets acquired | 748,649 |
Deposits | 632,649 |
Other liabilities | 35,951 |
Total liabilities assumed | 668,600 |
Net identifiable assets | 80,049 |
Goodwill | $ | 46,856 |

Park accounted for the Carolina Alliance acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting and accordingly, assets acquired, liabilities assumed and consideration exchanged were recorded at estimated fair value on the acquisition date, in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations.
The fair value of net assets acquired includes fair value adjustments to loans that were not considered impaired as of the acquisition date. The fair value adjustments were determined using discounted contractual cash flows. However, Park believed that all contractual cash flows related to these loans would be collected. As such, these loans were not considered impaired at the acquisition date and were not subject to the guidance relating to purchased credit impaired loans which have shown evidence of credit deterioration since origination. Loans acquired that were not subject to these requirements included non-impaired loans with a fair value and gross contractual amounts receivable of $560.2 million and $572.6 million, respectively, on the date of acquisition.
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The table below presents information with respect to the fair value of acquired loans as well as their book balance at the acquisition date.

(in thousands) | Book Balance |  | Fair Value
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 80,895 |  |  | $ | 80,580 |
Commercial real estate | 281,425 |  |  | 273,855 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |
Commercial | 43,106 |  |  | 42,176 |
Mortgage | 11,130 |  |  | 10,633 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |
Commercial | 48,546 |  |  | 48,684 |
Mortgage | 30,519 |  |  | 30,969 |
HELOC | 40,825 |  |  | 39,853 |
Consumer | 4,813 |  |  | 4,647 |
Leases | 28,589 |  |  | 28,781 |
Purchased credit impaired | 19,850 |  |  | 18,399 |
Total loans | $ | 589,698 |  |  | $ | 578,577 |

The following table presents supplemental pro forma information as if the Carolina Alliance acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2019. The unaudited pro forma information includes adjustments for interest income on loans and securities acquired, amortization of intangibles arising from the respective transactions, depreciation expense on property acquired, interest expense on deposits acquired, and the related tax effects. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred had the transactions been effected on the assumed date.

| Three months ended March 31, |
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) | 2020 | 2019
Net interest income | $ | 76,254 |  | $ | 75,114 |
Net income | $ | 22,540 |  | $ | 27,220 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.38 |  | $ | 1.63 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.37 |  | $ | 1.62 |

Note 4 – Investment Securities
The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities are shown in the following tables. Management performs a quarterly evaluation of investment securities for any other-than-temporary impairment. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no investment securities deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
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Investment securities at March 31, 2020, were as follows:

Debt securities AFS (In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses |  | Fair Value
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 302,329 |  |  | $ | 18,516 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 320,766 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities |  | 836,860 |  |  | 26,900 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 863,633 |
Total |  | $ | 1,139,189 |  |  | $ | 45,416 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | $ | 1,184,399 |

Investment securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020, were as follows:

|  | Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  |  |  | Unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer |  |  |  | Total |  |
(In thousands) |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses
Debt securities AFS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 3,164 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,164 |  |  | $ | 79 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,057 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 21,057 |  |  | 127 |
Total |  | $ | 3,164 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 21,057 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 24,221 |  |  | $ | 206 |

Investment securities at December 31, 2019, were as follows:

Debt securities AFS (In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses |  | Fair Value
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 302,928 |  |  | $ | 17,563 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 320,491 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities |  | 884,571 |  |  | 10,862 |  |  | 6,223 |  |  | 889,210 |
Total |  | $ | 1,187,499 |  |  | $ | 28,425 |  |  | $ | 6,223 |  |  | $ | 1,209,701 |

Investment securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2019, were as follows:

|  | Unrealized loss position for less than 12 months |  |  |  | Unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer |  |  |  | Total |  |
(In thousands) |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses
Debt securities AFS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities |  | $ | 237,613 |  |  | $ | 1,106 |  |  | $ | 171,805 |  |  | $ | 5,117 |  |  | $ | 409,418 |  |  | $ | 6,223 |
Total |  | $ | 237,613 |  |  | $ | 1,106 |  |  | $ | 171,805 |  |  | $ | 5,117 |  |  | $ | 409,418 |  |  | $ | 6,223 |

Management does not believe any of the unrealized losses at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019 represented other-than-temporary impairment. The unrealized losses are primarily the result of interest rate changes. These conditions will not prohibit Park from receiving its contractual principal and interest payments on these debt securities. The fair value of these debt securities is expected to recover as payments are received on these securities and they approach maturity. Should the impairment of any of these securities become other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment will be reduced and the resulting loss attributable to credit will be recognized in net income in the period the other-than-temporary impairment is identified.
Park’s U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities consist primarily of 15-year residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.
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The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments in debt securities at March 31, 2020, are shown in the following table by contractual maturity, except for asset-backed securities, which are shown as a single total, due to the unpredictability of the timing of principal repayments.

Debt securities AFS (In thousands) |  | Amortized cost |  | Fair value |  | Tax equivalent yield (1)
U.S. Government sponsored entities' asset-backed securities |  | $ | 836,860 |  |  | $ | 863,633 |  |  | 2.39 | %
Obligations of state and political subdivisions: |  |  |  |  |  |
Due five through ten years |  | $ | 38,050 |  |  | $ | 40,271 |  |  | 3.80 | %
Due over ten years |  | 264,279 |  |  | 280,495 |  |  | 3.66 | %
Total (1) |  | $ | 302,329 |  |  | $ | 320,766 |  |  | 3.68 | %

(1) The tax equivalent yield for certain obligations of state and political subdivisions includes the effects of a taxable equivalent adjustment using a 21% federal corporate income tax rate.
There were no sales of investment securities during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.
Investment securities having an amortized cost of $597 million and $585 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, were pledged to collateralize government and trust department deposits in accordance with federal and state requirements, to secure repurchase agreements sold and as collateral for FHLB advance borrowings.
Note 5 – Other Investment Securities
Other investment securities consist of stock investments in the FHLB, the FRB, and equity securities. The FHLB and FRB stock investments are carried at their redemption value. Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are carried at fair value. Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are recorded at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions ("modified cost"). Park's portfolio of equity investments in limited partnerships which provide mezzanine funding ("Partnership Investments") are valued using the NAV practical expedient in accordance with ASC 820.
The carrying amounts of other investment securities at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
FHLB stock |  | $ | 28,843 |  |  | $ | 30,060 |
FRB stock |  | 14,653 |  |  | 14,653 |
Equity investments carried at fair value |  | 1,982 |  |  | 1,993 |
Equity investments carried at modified cost (1) |  | 2,689 |  |  | 2,689 |
Equity investments carried at net asset value |  | 20,521 |  |  | 20,411 |
Total other investment securities |  | $ | 68,688 |  |  | $ | 69,806 |

(1) There have been no impairments, downward adjustments, or upward adjustments made to equity investments carried at modified cost.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the FHLB repurchased 12,163 and 54,053 shares, respectively, of FHLB stock with a book value of $1.2 million and $5.4 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, Park purchased 51,722 shares of FRB stock, with a book value of $2.6 million. No shares of FRB stock were purchased during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $(769,000) and $121,000, respectively, of unrealized (losses) gains on equity investments carried at fair value were recorded within "(Loss) gain on equity securities, net" on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $(0.2) million and $1.6 million, respectively, of (losses) gains on equity investments carried at NAV were recorded within “(Loss) gain on equity securities, net” on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
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Note 6 – Loans
The composition of the loan portfolio, by class of loan, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was as follows:

| March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | Loan Balance |  | Accrued Interest Receivable |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Loan Balance |  | Accrued Interest Receivable |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural * | $ | 1,202,857 |  |  | $ | 4,577 |  |  | $ | 1,207,434 |  |  |  | $ | 1,185,110 |  |  | $ | 4,393 |  |  | $ | 1,189,503 |
Commercial real estate * | 1,627,426 |  |  | 5,617 |  |  | 1,633,043 |  |  |  | 1,609,413 |  |  | 5,571 |  |  | 1,614,984 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 232,327 |  |  | 722 |  |  | 233,049 |  |  |  | 233,637 |  |  | 826 |  |  | 234,463 |
Mortgage | 101,401 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 101,644 |  |  |  | 96,574 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 96,802 |
Installment | 1,350 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,355 |  |  |  | 1,488 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,492 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 466,002 |  |  | 1,187 |  |  | 467,189 |  |  |  | 479,081 |  |  | 1,339 |  |  | 480,420 |
Mortgage | 1,178,621 |  |  | 1,490 |  |  | 1,180,111 |  |  |  | 1,176,316 |  |  | 1,381 |  |  | 1,177,697 |
HELOC | 220,571 |  |  | 934 |  |  | 221,505 |  |  |  | 224,766 |  |  | 1,113 |  |  | 225,879 |
Installment | 11,775 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 11,806 |  |  |  | 12,563 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 12,595 |
Consumer | 1,451,297 |  |  | 4,206 |  |  | 1,455,503 |  |  |  | 1,452,375 |  |  | 4,314 |  |  | 1,456,689 |
Leases | 28,892 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 28,909 |  |  |  | 30,081 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 30,101 |
Total loans | $ | 6,522,519 |  |  | $ | 19,029 |  |  | $ | 6,541,548 |  |  |  | $ | 6,501,404 |  |  | $ | 19,221 |  |  | $ | 6,520,625 |

* Included within each of commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that are not broken out by class.
Loans are shown net of deferred origination fees, costs and unearned income of $16.3 million at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which represented a net deferred income position at each date. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, loans included purchase accounting adjustments of $10.4 million and $11.7 million, respectively, which represented a net deferred income position at each date. This fair market value purchase accounting adjustment related to loans which are not PCI, is expected to be recognized into interest income on a level yield basis over the remaining expected life of the loans.
Overdrawn deposit accounts of $1.6 million and $2.2 million had been reclassified to loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and are included in the commercial, financial and agricultural loan class above.
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Credit Quality
The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans, accruing TDRs, and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loan at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Nonaccrual Loans |  | Accruing TDRs |  | Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing |  | Total Nonperforming Loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 21,330 |  |  | $ | 8,224 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 29,572 |
Commercial real estate |  | 43,950 |  |  | 6,197 |  |  | 638 |  |  | 50,785 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 452 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 452 |
Mortgage |  | 18 |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |
Installment |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 5,581 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,581 |
Mortgage |  | 14,383 |  |  | 8,806 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 23,825 |
HELOC |  | 1,600 |  |  | 997 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,603 |
Installment |  | 367 |  |  | 2,005 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2,376 |
Consumer |  | 2,544 |  |  | 1,076 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 3,986 |
Leases |  | 129 |  |  | — |  |  | 187 |  |  | 316 |
Total loans |  | $ | 90,354 |  |  | $ | 27,418 |  |  | $ | 1,855 |  |  | $ | 119,627 |

|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Nonaccrual Loans |  | Accruing TDRs |  | Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing |  | Total Nonperforming Loans
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 26,776 |  |  | $ | 6,349 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 33,153 |
Commercial real estate |  | 39,711 |  |  | 2,080 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 42,416 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 453 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 453 |
Mortgage |  | 25 |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | 109 |
Installment |  | 72 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 2,025 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,025 |
Mortgage |  | 15,271 |  |  | 8,826 |  |  | 1,209 |  |  | 25,306 |
HELOC |  | 2,062 |  |  | 1,010 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 3,116 |
Installment |  | 462 |  |  | 1,964 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,426 |
Consumer |  | 3,089 |  |  | 980 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 4,714 |
Leases |  | 134 |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | 320 |
Total loans |  | $ | 90,080 |  |  | $ | 21,298 |  |  | $ | 2,737 |  |  | $ | 114,115 |

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The following table provides additional information regarding those nonaccrual and accruing TDR loans that are individually evaluated for impairment and those collectively evaluated for impairment at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Nonaccrual and Accruing TDRs |  | Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Nonaccrual and Accruing TDRs |  | Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 29,554 |  |  | $ | 29,542 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  |  | $ | 33,125 |  |  | $ | 33,088 |  |  | $ | 37 |
Commercial real estate |  | 50,147 |  |  | 50,147 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,791 |  |  | 41,791 |  |  | — |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 452 |  |  | 452 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 453 |  |  | 453 |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 109 |  | — |  |  | 109
Installment |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 77 |  | — |  |  | 77
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 5,581 |  |  | 5,581 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,025 |  |  | 2,025 |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | 23,189 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,189 |  |  |  | 24,097 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,097 |
HELOC |  | 2,597 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,597 |  |  |  | 3,072 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,072 |
Installment |  | 2,372 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,372 |  |  |  | 2,426 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,426 |
Consumer |  | 3,620 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,620 |  |  |  | 4,069 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,069 |
Leases |  | 129 |  |  | 129 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 134 |  |  | 134 |  |  | — |
Total loans |  | $ | 117,772 |  |  | $ | 85,851 |  |  | $ | 31,921 |  |  |  | $ | 111,378 |  |  | $ | 77,491 |  |  | $ | 33,887 |

All of the loans individually evaluated for impairment were evaluated using the fair value of the collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows as the measurement method.
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The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loan at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated |  |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated
With no related allowance recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 17,334 |  |  | $ | 17,137 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | $ | 21,194 |  |  | $ | 21,010 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial real estate |  | 49,676 |  |  | 49,593 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,696 |  |  | 41,471 |  |  | — |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 452 |  |  | 452 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 453 |  |  | 453 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 5,545 |  |  | 5,478 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,921 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | — |
Leases |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
With an allowance recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 12,586 |  |  | 12,405 |  |  | 5,365 |  |  |  | 12,289 |  |  | 12,078 |  |  | 5,104 |
Commercial real estate |  | 554 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 96 |  |  |  | 320 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 35 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 103 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 42 |
Leases |  | 129 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 49 |
Total |  | $ | 86,379 |  |  | $ | 85,851 |  |  | $ | 5,531 |  |  |  | $ | 78,178 |  |  | $ | 77,491 |  |  | $ | 5,230 |

Management’s general practice is to proactively charge down loans individually evaluated for impairment to the fair value of the underlying collateral. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of partial charge-offs on loans individually evaluated for impairment with no related allowance recorded and $181,000 and $210,000, respectively, of partial charge-offs on loans individually evaluated for impairment that also had a specific reserve allocated.
The allowance for loan losses included specific reserves related to loans individually evaluated for impairment at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, of $5.5 million and $5.2 million, respectively. These loans with specific reserves had a recorded investment of $13.2 million and $12.7 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
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Interest income on nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for impairment is recognized on a cash basis only when Park expects to receive the entire recorded investment in the loans. Interest income on accruing TDRs individually evaluated for impairment continues to be recorded on an accrual basis. The following table presents the average recorded investment and interest income recognized subsequent to impairment on loans individually evaluated for impairment as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Recorded Investment at March 31, 2020 |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  |  | Recorded Investment at March 31, 2019 |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | $ | 29,542 |  |  | $ | 31,657 |  |  | $ | 204 |  |  |  | $ | 14,844 |  |  | $ | 14,924 |  |  | $ | 47 |
Commercial real estate |  | 50,147 |  |  | 44,457 |  |  | 481 |  |  |  | 31,138 |  |  | 28,851 |  |  | 271 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 452 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 2,879 |  |  | 2,239 |  |  | 12 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 5,581 |  |  | 2,925 |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 2,046 |  |  | 2,588 |  |  | 20 |
Leases |  | 129 |  |  | 132 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 85,851 |  |  | $ | 79,595 |  |  | $ | 712 |  |  |  | $ | 50,907 |  |  | $ | 48,602 |  |  | $ | 350 |

The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by class of loan.

| March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | Accruing Loans Past Due 30-89 Days |  | Past Due Nonaccrual Loans and Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing (1) |  | Total Past Due |  | Total Current (2) |  | Total Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 5,229 |  |  | $ | 12,515 |  |  | $ | 17,744 |  |  | $ | 1,189,690 |  |  | $ | 1,207,434 |
Commercial real estate | 1,844 |  |  | 1,604 |  |  | 3,448 |  |  | 1,629,595 |  |  | 1,633,043 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 233,024 |  |  | 233,049 |
Mortgage | 176 |  |  | — |  |  | 176 |  |  | 101,468 |  |  | 101,644 |
Installment | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 1,325 |  |  | 1,355 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 55 |  |  | 1,002 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  | 466,132 |  |  | 467,189 |
Mortgage | 12,786 |  |  | 8,021 |  |  | 20,807 |  |  | 1,159,304 |  |  | 1,180,111 |
HELOC | 490 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 1,227 |  |  | 220,278 |  |  | 221,505 |
Installment | 221 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 11,336 |  |  | 11,806 |
Consumer | 5,868 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 6,964 |  |  | 1,448,539 |  |  | 1,455,503 |
Leases | 30 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 28,692 |  |  | 28,909 |
Total loans | $ | 26,729 |  |  | $ | 25,436 |  |  | $ | 52,165 |  |  | $ | 6,489,383 |  |  | $ | 6,541,548 |

(1) Includes an aggregate of $1.9 million of loans past due 90 days or more and accruing. The remaining loans were past due nonaccrual loans.
(2) Includes an aggregate of $66.8 million of nonaccrual loans which were current in regards to contractual principal and interest payments.
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| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Accruing Loans Past Due 30-89 Days |  | Past Due Nonaccrual Loans and Loans Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing (1) |  | Total Past Due |  | Total Current (2) |  | Total Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 12,407 |  |  | $ | 12,989 |  |  | $ | 1,176,514 |  |  | $ | 1,189,503 |
Commercial real estate | 160 |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | 1,303 |  |  | 1,613,681 |  |  | 1,614,984 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 234,463 |  |  | 234,463 |
Mortgage | 397 |  |  | — |  |  | 397 |  |  | 96,405 |  |  | 96,802 |
Installment | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,468 |  |  | 1,492 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | — |  |  | 908 |  |  | 908 |  |  | 479,512 |  |  | 480,420 |
Mortgage | 12,841 |  |  | 9,153 |  |  | 21,994 |  |  | 1,155,703 |  |  | 1,177,697 |
HELOC | 652 |  |  | 779 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | 224,448 |  |  | 225,879 |
Installment | 164 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 12,093 |  |  | 12,595 |
Consumer | 6,561 |  |  | 1,621 |  |  | 8,182 |  |  | 1,448,507 |  |  | 1,456,689 |
Leases | 368 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 29,547 |  |  | 30,101 |
Total loans | $ | 21,749 |  |  | $ | 26,535 |  |  | $ | 48,284 |  |  | $ | 6,472,341 |  |  | $ | 6,520,625 |

(1) Includes an aggregate of $2.7 million of loans past due 90 days or more and accruing. The remaining loans were past due nonaccrual loans.
(2) Includes an aggregate of $66.3 million of nonaccrual loans which were current in regards to contractual principal and interest payments.
Credit Quality Indicators
Management utilizes past due information as a credit quality indicator across the loan portfolio. Past due information at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is included in the tables above.The past due information is the primary credit quality indicator within the following classes of loans: (1) mortgage loans and installment loans in the construction real estate segment; (2) mortgage loans, HELOC and installment loans in the residential real estate segment; and (3) consumer loans. The primary credit indicator for commercial loans is based on an internal grading system that grades all commercial loans on a scale from 1 to 8. Credit grades are continuously monitored by the responsible loan officer and adjustments are made when appropriate. A grade of 1 indicates little or no credit risk and a grade of 8 is considered a loss. Commercial loans that are pass-rated (graded a 1 through a 4) are considered to be of acceptable credit risk. Commercial loans graded a 5 (special mention) are considered to be watch list credits and a higher loan loss reserve percentage is allocated to these loans. Loans classified as special mention have potential weaknesses that require management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of Park’s credit position at some future date. Commercial loans graded a 6 (substandard), also considered watch list credits, are considered to represent higher credit risk and, as a result, a higher loan loss reserve percentage is allocated to these loans. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that Park will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Commercial loans graded a 7 (doubtful) are shown as nonaccrual and Park generally charges these loans down to their fair value by taking a partial charge-off or recording a specific reserve. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Certain 6-rated loans and all 7-rated loans are placed on nonaccrual status and included within the impaired category. A loan is deemed impaired when management determines the borrower's ability to perform in accordance with the contractual loan agreement is in doubt. Any commercial loan graded an 8 (loss) is completely charged off.
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The tables below present the recorded investment by loan grade at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for all commercial loans:

| March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | 5 Rated |  | 6 Rated |  | Nonaccrual and Accruing TDRs |  | Purchase Credit Impaired (1) |  | Pass-Rated |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural * | $ | 11,490 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,554 |  |  | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 1,165,770 |  |  | $ | 1,207,434 |
Commercial real estate * | 9,793 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 50,147 |  |  | 9,337 |  |  | 1,563,580 |  |  | 1,633,043 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 4,857 |  |  | — |  |  | 452 |  |  | 1,032 |  |  | 226,708 |  |  | 233,049 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 549 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 5,581 |  |  | 1,583 |  |  | 459,450 |  |  | 467,189 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 28,440 |  |  | 28,909 |
Total commercial loans | $ | 26,689 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 85,863 |  |  | $ | 12,912 |  |  | $ | 3,443,948 |  |  | $ | 3,569,624 |

* Included within each of commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that are not broken out by class.
(1) There were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which were nonaccrual or TDRs at March 31, 2020.

| December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | 5 Rated |  | 6 Rated |  | Nonaccrual and Accruing TDRs |  | Purchase Credit Impaired (1) |  | Pass-Rated |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural * | $ | 11,981 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 33,125 |  |  | $ | 966 |  |  | $ | 1,143,428 |  |  | $ | 1,189,503 |
Commercial real estate * | 6,796 |  |  | 945 |  |  | 41,791 |  |  | 9,182 |  |  | 1,556,270 |  |  | 1,614,984 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 4,857 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 453 |  |  | 1,044 |  |  | 228,108 |  |  | 234,463 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 3,839 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 2,025 |  |  | 1,754 |  |  | 472,772 |  |  | 480,420 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | 134 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 29,444 |  |  | 30,101 |
Total Commercial Loans | $ | 27,473 |  |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 77,528 |  |  | $ | 13,469 |  |  | $ | 3,430,022 |  |  | $ | 3,549,471 |

* Included within each of commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans is an immaterial amount of consumer loans that are not broken out by class.
(1) Excludes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which are nonaccrual or TDRs due to additional credit deterioration or modification post acquisition. These loans had a recorded investment of $6,000 at December 31, 2019.
Loans and Leases Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality
In conjunction with the NewDominion Bank acquisition, Park acquired loans with a book value of $277.9 million as of July 1, 2018. These loans were recorded at the initial fair value of $272.8 million. Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality with a book value of $5.1 million were recorded at the initial fair value of $4.9 million. The carrying amount of loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $2.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively, while the outstanding customer balance was $3.0 million and $3.2 million, respectively. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, an allowance for loan losses of $6,000 and $101,000, respectively, had been recognized related to the acquired impaired loans.
In conjunction with the Carolina Alliance acquisition, Park acquired loans and leases with a book value of $589.7 million as of April 1, 2019. These loans and leases were recorded at the initial fair value of $578.6 million. Loans and leases acquired with deteriorated credit quality with a book value of $19.9 million were recorded at the initial fair value of $18.4 million. The carrying amount of loans and leases acquired with deteriorated credit quality at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $10.9 million and $11.3 million, respectively, while the outstanding customer balance was $13.3 million and $13.8 million, respectively. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, an allowance for loan losses of $113,000 and $167,000, respectively, had been recognized related to the acquired impaired loans and leases.
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Troubled Debt Restructurings
Management typically classifies loans as TDRs when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and Park has granted a concession to the borrower as part of a modification or in the loan renewal process. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of the borrower's debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed in accordance with the Company’s internal underwriting policy. Management’s policy is to modify loans by extending the term or by granting a temporary or permanent contractual interest rate below the market rate, not by forgiving debt. A court's discharge of a borrower's debt in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is considered a concession when the borrower does not reaffirm the discharged debt.
Additionally, Park is working with borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and providing modifications to include either interest only deferral or principal and interest deferral, in each case, for initial periods up to 90 days. A majority of these modifications are excluded from TDR classification under Section 4013 of the CARES Act or under applicable interagency guidance of the federal banking regulators. In accordance with this guidance, modified loans will be considered current and will continue to accrue interest during the deferral period.
Certain other loans which were modified during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 did not meet the definition of a TDR as the modification was a delay in a payment that was considered to be insignificant. Management considers a forbearance period of up to three months or a delay in payment of up to 30 days to be insignificant. TDRs may be classified as accruing if the borrower has been current for a period of at least six months with respect to loan payments and management expects that the borrower will be able to continue to make payments in accordance with the terms of the restructured note. Management reviews all accruing TDRs quarterly to ensure payments continue to be made in accordance with the modified terms.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $26.6 million and $34.3 million, respectively, of TDRs included in the nonaccrual loan totals. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $15.9 million and $23.2 million, respectively, of these nonaccrual TDRs were performing in accordance with the terms of the restructured note. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, loans with a recorded investment of $27.4 million and $21.3 million, respectively, were included in accruing TDR loan totals. Management will continue to review the restructured loans and may determine it is appropriate to move certain nonaccrual TDRs to accrual status in the future.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Park had commitments to lend $10.7 million and $7.9 million, respectively, of additional funds to borrowers whose outstanding loan terms had been modified in a TDR.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively, of specific reserves related to TDRs. Modifications made in 2020 and 2019 were largely the result of renewals and extending the maturity date of the loans at terms consistent with the original notes. These modifications were deemed to be TDRs primarily due to Park’s conclusion that the borrower would likely not have qualified for similar terms through another lender. Many of the modifications deemed to be TDRs were previously identified as impaired loans, and thus were also previously evaluated for impairment under ASC 310. There were no additional specific reserves recorded during either of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 or March 31, 2019 as a result of TDRs identified in the period.
Quarterly, management reviews renewals/modifications of loans previously identified as TDRs to consider if it is appropriate to remove the TDR classification. If the borrower is no longer experiencing financial difficulty and the renewal/modification did not contain a concessionary interest rate or other concessionary terms and the terms of the renewal/modification are considered to be market terms based on the current risk characteristics of the borrower, management considers the potential removal of the TDR classification. If deemed appropriate, the TDR classification is removed if the borrower has complied with the terms of the loan at the date of the renewal/modification and there was a reasonable expectation that the borrower would continue to comply with the terms of the loan subsequent to the date of the renewal/modification. The majority of these TDRs were originally considered restructurings in a prior year as a result of a renewal/modification with an interest rate that was not commensurate with the risk of the underlying loan at the time of the renewal/modification. There were no TDR classifications removed during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020. The TDR classification was removed on $23,000 of loans during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019.
The terms of certain other loans were modified during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 that did not meet the definition of a TDR. Excluding COVID-19 related modifications, there were $0.1 million of substandard commercial loans modified during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 which did not meet the definition of a TDR. There were no substandard commercial loans modified during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019 which did not meet the definition of a TDR. Excluding COVID-19 related modifications, consumer loans modified during the three-month
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period ended March 31, 2020 which did not meet the definition of a TDR had a total recorded investment of $12.2 million. Consumer loans with a recorded investment of $7.2 million were modified during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019, and did not meet the definition of a TDR. Many of these loans were to borrowers who were not experiencing financial difficulties but who were looking to reduce their cost of funds. Additionally, there were $270,000 and $440,000 of modified PCI loans that were accounted for under a pooled approach as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, that did not meet the definition of a TDR.
Through March 31, 2020, Park modified $248.1 million of commercial loans and $5.0 million of consumer loans in COVID-19 related modifications. Of these COVID-19 modifications, $5.5 million of commercial loans and $27,000 of consumer loans were already classified as TDRs due to previous modifications. The remaining loans met the exclusion criteria for TDR accounting either in Section 4013 of the CARES Act or applicable interagency guidance.
The following tables detail the number of contracts modified as TDRs during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, as well as the recorded investment of these contracts at March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019. The recorded investment pre- and post-modification is generally the same due to the fact that Park does not typically forgive principal.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Number of Contracts |  | Accruing |  | Nonaccrual |  | Total Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,094 |  |  | $ | 1,094 |
Commercial real estate |  | 2 |  |  | 1,136 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 1,196 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | 1 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Installment |  | 1 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | 6 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 391 |
HELOC |  | 3 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 110 |
Installment |  | 8 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 127 |
Consumer |  | 57 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 464 |
Total loans |  | 82 |  |  | $ | 1,596 |  |  | $ | 1,812 |  |  | $ | 3,408 |

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Number of Contracts |  | Accruing |  | Nonaccrual |  | Total Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 472 |  |  | $ | 472 |
Commercial real estate |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,215 |  |  | 2,215 |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | 1 |  |  | 480 |  |  | — |  |  | 480 |
Mortgage |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Installment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage |  | 8 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 564 |
HELOC |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | 81 |
Installment |  | 8 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 189 |
Consumer |  | 69 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 559 |
Total loans |  | 96 |  |  | $ | 652 |  |  | $ | 3,908 |  |  | $ | 4,560 |

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Of those loans which were modified and determined to be a TDR during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, $0.3 million were on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2019. Of those loans which were modified and determined to be a TDR during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, $0.7 million were on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2018.
The following tables present the recorded investment in loans which were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. For these tables, a loan is considered to be in default when it becomes 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. The additional allowance for loan loss resulting from the defaults on TDR loans was immaterial.

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |
(In thousands) | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Number of Contracts |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial, financial and agricultural | 2 |  |  | $ | 4,068 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 153 |
Commercial real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Construction real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage | 1 |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Installment | 1 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortgage | 4 |  |  | 443 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | 68 |
HELOC | 4 |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 68 |
Installment | 1 |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 28 |
Consumer | 36 |  |  | 369 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  | 343 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | 49 |  |  | $ | 5,060 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  | $ | 660 |

Of the $5.1 million in modified TDRs which defaulted during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, $4.5 million were accruing loans and $0.5 million were nonaccrual loans. Of the $0.7 million in modified TDRs which defaulted during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019, $9,000 were accruing loans and $0.7 million were nonaccrual loans.
Note 7 – Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is that amount management believes is adequate to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio based on management’s evaluation of various factors including the overall growth in the loan portfolio, an analysis of individual loans, prior and current loss experience, and current economic conditions. A provision for loan losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of these and other pertinent factors as discussed within Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Park's 2019 Form 10-K.
Loss factors are reviewed quarterly and updated at least annually to reflect recent loan loss history and incorporate current risks and trends which may not be recognized in historical data. Management updated the historical loss calculation during the fourth quarter of 2019, incorporating annualized net charge-offs plus changes in specific reserves through December 31, 2019. With the addition of 2019 historical losses, management extended the historical loss period to 120 months from 108 months. The 120-month historical loss period captures all annual periods subsequent to June 2009, the end of the most recent recession, thus encompassing the full economic cycle to date.
For all loan types, management considers the following factors in determining loan collectability and the appropriate level of the allowance:
•Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans, including:
◦Trends (e.g., growth, reduction) in specific categories of the loan portfolio, as well as adjustments to the types of loans offered by PNB and GFSC.
◦Level of and trend in loan delinquencies, troubled loans, commercial watch list and impaired loans.
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◦Level of and trend in new nonaccrual loans.
◦Level of and trend in loan charge-offs and recoveries.
•Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices.
•Changes in national and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio.
•The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated losses in Park's existing portfolio.
The following are factors management reviews specifically for commercial loans on a quarterly or annual basis.
•Loss Emergence Period Factor: At least annually, management calculates the loss emergence period for each commercial loan segment. This loss emergence period is calculated based upon the average period of time it takes from the probable occurrence of a loss event to the credit being moved to nonaccrual. If the loss emergence period for any commercial loan segment is greater than one year, management applies additional general reserves to all performing loans within that segment of the commercial loan portfolio. The loss emergence period was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019.
•Loss Migration Factor: Park’s commercial loans are individually risk graded. If loan downgrades occur, the probability of default increases, and accordingly, management allocates a higher percentage reserve to those accruing commercial loans graded special mention and substandard. Annually, management calculates a loss migration factor for each commercial loan segment for special mention and substandard credits based on a review of losses over the period of time a loan takes to migrate from pass-rated to impaired. The loss migration factor was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019.
•Environmental Loss Factor: Management has identified certain macroeconomic factors that trend in accordance with losses in Park’s commercial loan portfolio. Certain environmental loss factors have been determined to correlate with higher charge-offs while other adjustments are based on a subjective evaluation of other environmental loss factors. Environmental factors applicable to the commercial loan portfolio include: the Ohio unemployment rate, percent change in Ohio GDP, the consumer confidence index, the prevalence of fixed rate loans in the portfolio and other environmental factors. In evaluating the ongoing relevance and amount of the other environmental factors, management considers: changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off and recovery practices, changes in national and local economic and business conditions, and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, and the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated losses in Park's existing portfolio. All of these factors are evaluated in relation to the historical look back period. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, such subjective environmental loss factor inputs accounted for approximately one half of the allowance for loan losses driven by environmental loss factors.
These macroeconomic factors are reviewed quarterly and the adjustments made to the environmental loss factor impacting each segment in the performing commercial loan portfolio correlate to changes in the macroeconomic environment. The environmental loss factors were updated in the first quarter of 2020 to consider the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors were increased from 0.60% at December 31, 2019 to 0.675% at March 31, 2020. This was the result of adjusting the factors for Ohio unemployment, percent change in Ohio GDP and the consumer confidence near the top end of Park's established range. This increase considered the current economic environment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, modification programs Park has put in place, and the overall uncertainty of the economic impact of the pandemic. Management will continue to evaluate this estimate of incurred losses as new information becomes available.
For the consumer portfolio, a specific COVID-19 factor was added to each segment equal to 25% of the 120-month historical loss factor. This increase considers the payment deferrals being provided to consumer loan customers as well as the likely delays in delinquencies and charge-offs as a result.
Much is still unknown about the economic impact of COVID-19, including the duration of the pandemic, future government programs that may be established as a result of the pandemic, and the resiliency of the U.S. economy. Management will continue to evaluate this estimate of incurred losses as new information becomes available. Given uncertainty about the magnitude and length of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic shutdown, additional loan loss provisions may be required that would adversely impact earnings in future periods.
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The activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 is summarized in the following tables.

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 20,203 |  |  | $ | 10,229 |  |  | $ | 5,311 |  |  | $ | 8,610 |  |  | $ | 12,211 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 56,679 |
Charge-offs | 523 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 2,085 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,685 |
Recoveries | 700 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 1,030 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,356 |
Net (recoveries)/charge-offs | (177) |  |  | (300) |  |  | (224) |  |  | (25) |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | — |  |  | 329 |
Provision/(recovery) | 1,164 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | (42) |  |  | 382 |  |  | 2,572 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 5,153 |
Ending balance | $ | 21,544 |  |  | $ | 11,591 |  |  | $ | 5,493 |  |  | $ | 9,017 |  |  | $ | 13,728 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 61,503 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 16,777 |  |  | $ | 9,768 |  |  | $ | 4,463 |  |  | $ | 8,731 |  |  | $ | 11,773 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,512 |
Charge-offs | 198 |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | 2,706 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,987 |
Recoveries | 416 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 1,400 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,345 |
Net (recoveries)/charge-offs | (218) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (88) |  |  | (353) |  |  | 1,306 |  |  | — |  |  | 642 |
Provision | 342 |  |  | 420 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 1,637 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,498 |
Ending balance | $ | 17,337 |  |  | $ | 10,193 |  |  | $ | 4,564 |  |  | $ | 9,170 |  |  | $ | 12,104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53,368 |

Loans collectively evaluated for impairment in the following tables include all performing loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, as well as nonperforming loans internally classified as consumer loans. Nonperforming consumer loans are not typically individually evaluated for impairment, but receive a portion of the statistical allocation of the allowance for loan losses. Loans individually evaluated for impairment include all impaired loans internally classified as commercial loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which are evaluated for impairment in accordance with U.S. GAAP (see Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Park’s 2019 Form 10-K).
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The composition of the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was as follows:

| March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 5,365 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 5,531 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 16,138 |  |  | 11,487 |  |  | 5,493 |  |  | 8,922 |  |  | 13,728 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 55,853 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 41 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 119 |
Total ending allowance balance | $ | 21,544 |  |  | $ | 11,591 |  |  | $ | 5,493 |  |  | $ | 9,017 |  |  | $ | 13,728 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 61,503 |
Loan balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 29,500 |  |  | $ | 49,984 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 5,581 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 85,646 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,172,741 |  |  | 1,568,199 |  |  | 333,500 |  |  | 1,868,949 |  |  | 1,451,296 |  |  | 28,423 |  |  | 6,423,108 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 616 |  |  | 9,243 |  |  | 1,126 |  |  | 2,439 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 13,765 |
Total ending loan balance | $ | 1,202,857 |  |  | $ | 1,627,426 |  |  | $ | 335,078 |  |  | $ | 1,876,969 |  |  | $ | 1,451,297 |  |  | $ | 28,892 |  |  | $ | 6,522,519 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loan balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment | 18.19 | % |  | 0.19 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.45 | % |  | — | % |  | 34.88 | % |  | 6.46 | %
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment | 1.38 | % |  | 0.73 | % |  | 1.65 | % |  | 0.48 | % |  | 0.95 | % |  | 0.30 | % |  | 0.87 | %
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 6.66 | % |  | 0.09 | % |  | — | % |  | 2.87 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Total | 1.79 | % |  | 0.71 | % |  | 1.64 | % |  | 0.48 | % |  | 0.95 | % |  | 0.45 | % |  | 0.94 | %
Recorded investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 29,542 |  |  | $ | 50,147 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 5,581 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 85,851 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,177,272 |  |  | 1,573,559 |  |  | 334,467 |  |  | 1,872,578 |  |  | 1,455,502 |  |  | 28,440 |  |  | 6,441,818 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 620 |  |  | 9,337 |  |  | 1,129 |  |  | 2,452 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 13,879 |
Total ending recorded investment | $ | 1,207,434 |  |  | $ | 1,633,043 |  |  | $ | 336,048 |  |  | $ | 1,880,611 |  |  | $ | 1,455,503 |  |  | $ | 28,909 |  |  | $ | 6,541,548 |

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|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Commercial, financial and agricultural |  | Commercial real estate |  | Construction real estate |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer |  | Leases |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending allowance balance attributed to loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 5,104 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 5,230 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 14,948 |  |  | 10,187 |  |  | 5,311 |  |  | 8,458 |  |  | 12,211 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 51,181 |
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  | 151 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 268 |
Total ending allowance balance |  | $ | 20,203 |  |  | $ | 10,229 |  |  | $ | 5,311 |  |  | $ | 8,610 |  |  | $ | 12,211 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 56,679 |
Loan balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 33,077 |  |  | $ | 41,770 |  |  | $ | 453 |  |  | $ | 2,025 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 77,459 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 1,151,073 |  |  | 1,558,550 |  |  | 330,106 |  |  | 1,888,088 |  |  | 1,452,373 |  |  | 29,424 |  |  | 6,409,614 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality (1) |  | 960 |  |  | 9,093 |  |  | 1,140 |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 14,331 |
Total ending loan balance |  | $ | 1,185,110 |  |  | $ | 1,609,413 |  |  | $ | 331,699 |  |  | $ | 1,892,726 |  |  | $ | 1,452,375 |  |  | $ | 30,081 |  |  | $ | 6,501,404 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loan balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | 15.43 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | — | % |  | 2.07 | % |  | — | % |  | 36.57 | % |  | 6.75 | %
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 1.30 | % |  | 0.65 | % |  | 1.61 | % |  | 0.45 | % |  | 0.84 | % |  | 0.22 | % |  | 0.80 | %
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  | 15.73 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | — | % |  | 4.21 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 1.87 | %
Total |  | 1.70 | % |  | 0.64 | % |  | 1.60 | % |  | 0.45 | % |  | 0.84 | % |  | 0.38 | % |  | 0.87 | %
Recorded investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 33,088 |  |  | $ | 41,791 |  |  | $ | 453 |  |  | $ | 2,025 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 77,491 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 1,155,449 |  |  | 1,564,011 |  |  | 331,161 |  |  | 1,891,941 |  |  | 1,456,687 |  |  | 29,444 |  |  | 6,428,693 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality (1) |  | 966 |  |  | 9,182 |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | 2,625 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 14,441 |
Total ending recorded investment |  | $ | 1,189,503 |  |  | $ | 1,614,984 |  |  | $ | 332,757 |  |  | $ | 1,896,591 |  |  | $ | 1,456,689 |  |  | $ | 30,101 |  |  | $ | 6,520,625 |

(1) Excludes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality which are individually evaluated for impairment due to additional credit deterioration or modification post acquisition. These loans had a balance of $5,000, a recorded investment of $6,000, and no allowance as of December 31, 2019.
Note 8 – Loans Held For Sale
Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at their fair value. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, Park had $23.9 million and $12.3 million in mortgage loans held for sale. These amounts are included in loans on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets and in the residential real estate loan segments in Note 6 - Loans, and Note 7 - Allowance for Loan Losses. The contractual balance was $23.6 million and $12.1 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The gain expected upon sale was $328,000 and $153,000 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. None of these loans were 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual status as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.
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Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table shows the activity in goodwill and other intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

(in thousands) |  | Goodwill |  | Other intangible assets |  | Total
December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 112,739 |  |  | $ | 6,971 |  |  | $ | 119,710 |
Acquired goodwill and other intangible assets |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization |  | — |  |  | 289 |  |  | 289 |
March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 112,739 |  |  | $ | 6,682 |  |  | $ | 119,421 |
December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 159,595 |  |  | $ | 11,523 |  |  | $ | 171,118 |
Acquired goodwill and other intangible assets |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization |  | — |  |  | 606 |  |  | 606 |
March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 159,595 |  |  | $ | 10,917 |  |  | $ | 170,512 |

Park evaluates goodwill for impairment during the second quarter of each year, with financial data as of March 31. Based on the analysis performed as of April 1, 2019, the Company determined that goodwill for Park's reporting unit, PNB, was not impaired. During the first quarter of 2020, management determined that the deterioration in general economic conditions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and responses thereto represented a triggering event prompting an evaluation of goodwill impairment. Based on the analysis performed during the first quarter of 2020, the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired.
Acquired Intangible Assets
The following table shows the balance of acquired intangible assets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
(in thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization
Other intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangible assets |  | $ | 14,456 |  |  | $ | 3,539 |  |  | $ | 14,456 |  |  | $ | 2,933 |
Trade name intangible assets |  | 1,300 |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | 1,300 |
Total |  | $ | 15,756 |  |  | $ | 4,839 |  |  | $ | 15,756 |  |  | $ | 4,233 |

During 2019, Park announced its 2020 rebranding initiative to operate all 12 banking divisions of PNB under one name. The NewDominion trade name intangible was initially recorded assuming an indefinite useful life. Considering Park's rebranding initiative, Park concluded that the trade name intangible represents a definite useful life asset, and impairment was recorded during the fourth quarter of 2019.
Core deposit intangible assets are being amortized, on an accelerated basis, over a period of ten years. Aggregate amortization expense was $606,000 and $289,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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Estimated amortization expense related to core deposit intangible assets for each of the next five years follows:

(in thousands) |  | Total
Nine months ending December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 1,657 |
2021 |  | 1,798 |
2022 |  | 1,487 |
2023 |  | 1,323 |
2024 |  | 1,215 |

Note 10 – Investment in Qualified Affordable Housing
Park makes certain equity investments in various limited partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects. The purposes of these investments are to achieve a satisfactory return on capital, help create affordable housing opportunities, and assist the Company to achieve its goals associated with the Community Reinvestment Act.
The table below details the balances of Park’s affordable housing tax credit investments and related unfunded commitments at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

(in thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019
Affordable housing tax credit investments |  | $ | 51,241 |  | $ | 53,070 |
Unfunded commitments |  | 23,348 |  | 25,894 |

Commitments are funded when capital calls are made by the general partner. Park expects that the current commitments will be funded between 2020 and 2029.
Park recognized amortization expense of $1.8 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, which was included within the provision for income taxes. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Park recognized tax credits and other benefits from its affordable housing tax credit investments of $1.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively, which was included within the provision for income taxes.
Note 11 – Foreclosed and Repossessed Assets
Park typically transfers a loan to OREO at the time that Park takes deed/title to the real estate property asset. The carrying amounts of foreclosed real estate properties held at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are listed below, as well as the recorded investment of loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at those dates.

(in thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
OREO: |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 2,295 |  |  | $ | 2,295 |
Construction real estate |  | 530 |  |  | 879 |
Residential real estate |  | 775 |  |  | 855 |
Total OREO |  | $ | 3,600 |  |  | $ | 4,029 |
Loans in process of foreclosure: |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 2,978 |  |  | $ | 3,959 |

In addition to real estate, Park may also repossess different types of collateral. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Park had $4.1 million and $4.2 million, respectively, in other repossessed assets which are included in "Other assets" on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. For both periods presented, the other repossessed assets largely consisted of an aircraft acquired as part of a loan workout.
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Note 12 – Loan Servicing
Park serviced sold mortgage loans of $1.47 billion at March 31, 2020, $1.45 billion at December 31, 2019 and $1.39 billion at March 31, 2019. At March 31, 2020, $2.3 million of the sold mortgage loans were sold with recourse, compared to $2.3 million at December 31, 2019 and $2.4 million at March 31, 2019. Management closely monitors the delinquency rates on the mortgage loans sold with recourse. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, management had established reserves of $3,000 and $25,000, respectively, to account for expected losses on loan repurchases.
When Park sells mortgage loans with servicing rights retained, these servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value. Park selected the “amortization method” as permissible within U.S. GAAP, whereby the servicing rights capitalized are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated future servicing income with respect to the underlying loan. At the end of each reporting period, the carrying value of MSRs is assessed for impairment with a comparison to fair value. MSRs are carried at the lower of their amortized cost or fair value. The amortization of MSRs is included within other service income in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
Activity for MSRs and the related valuation allowance follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Mortgage servicing rights: |  |  |  |
Carrying amount, net, beginning of period |  | $ | 10,070 |  |  | $ | 10,178 |
Additions |  | 731 |  |  | 262 |
Amortization |  | (507) |  |  | (301) |
Changes in valuation allowance |  | (1,526) |  |  | (57) |
Carrying amount, net, end of period |  | $ | 8,768 |  |  | $ | 10,082 |
Valuation allowance: |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 232 |
Changes in valuation allowance |  | 1,526 |  |  | 57 |
End of period |  | $ | 2,351 |  |  | $ | 289 |

Servicing fees included in other service income were $0.9 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
Note 13 - Leases
Park is a lessee in several noncancellable operating lease arrangements, primarily for retail branches, administrative and warehouse buildings, ATMs, and certain office equipment within its Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Kentucky markets. Certain of these leases contain renewal options for periods ranging from one to five years. Park’s leases generally do not include termination options for either party to the lease or restrictive financial or other covenants. Payments due under the lease contracts include fixed payments plus, for many of Park’s real estate leases, variable payments such as Park's proportionate share of property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), using the modified retrospective method as of the date of adoption, January 1, 2019, as permitted by the amendments in ASU 2018-11. As a result, the Company was not required to adjust its comparative period financial information for effects of the adoption of the standard or make the new required lease disclosures for periods prior to the effective date. Upon adoption of this accounting guidance on January 1, 2019, Park recorded an initial ROU asset of $11.0 million, and a lease liability of $11.8 million, and reclassified an existing deferred rent liability of $0.6 million. The impact to the Company's retained earnings, net of the tax impact, was $143,000.
Management elected to adopt the package of transition practical expedients and, therefore, has not reassessed (1) whether existing or expired contracts contain a lease, (2) the lease classification for existing or expired leases or (3) the accounting for initial direct costs that were previously capitalized. The Company did not elect the practical expedient to use hindsight for leases existing at the adoption date. Park elected the practical expedient, by class of underlying asset, to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease components. Additionally, Park has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease
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liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with its short-term leases as an expense on a cash basis.
Management determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. If an arrangement is determined to be or contain a lease, Park recognizes a ROU asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all of Park's leases were classified as operating leases.
Park’s lease liability is initially and subsequently measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date. Key estimates and judgments related to the lease liability include how management determines (1) the discount rate it uses to discount the unpaid lease payments to present value, (2) the lease term, and (3) lease payments.
•ASC 842 requires a lessee to discount its unpaid lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, its incremental borrowing rate. Generally, management cannot determine the interest rate implicit in the lease because it does not have access to the lessor’s estimated residual value or the amount of the lessor’s deferred initial direct costs. Therefore, Park utilizes its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for leases. Park’s incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. To manage its capital and liquidity needs, Park periodically obtains wholesale funding from the FHLB on an over-collateralized basis. The impact of utilizing an interest rate on an over-collateralized borrowing versus a fully collateralized borrowing is not material. Therefore, the FHLB yield curve was selected by management as a baseline to determine Park’s discount rates for leases.
•The lease term for all of the Company’s leases includes the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either Park's option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease controlled by the lessor. If a lease contract contains multiple renewal options, management generally models lease cash flows through the first renewal option period unless the contract contains economic incentives or other conditions that increase the likelihood that additional renewals are reasonably certain to be exercised.
•Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are comprised of the following:
–Fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments, owed over the lease term;
–For certain of Park's gross real estate leases, non-lease components such as real estate taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance; and
–Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate at the lease commencement date.
The ROU asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received. For operating leases, the ROU asset is subsequently measured throughout the lease term at the carrying amount of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs, plus (minus) any prepaid (accrued) lease payments, less the unamortized balance of lease incentives received. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Park's operating lease ROU asset and lease liability are presented in “Operating lease right-of-use asset" and "Operating lease liability," respectively, on Park's Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The carrying amount of Park's ROU asset and lease liability at March 31, 2020 was $20.7 million and $21.5 million, respectively. At December 31, 2019, the carrying amount of Park's ROU asset and lease liability was $13.7 million and $14.5 million, respectively. Park's operating lease expense is recorded in "Occupancy expense" on the Company's Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
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Other information related to operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

(in thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Lease cost |  |  |
Operating lease cost | $ | 848 |  |  | $ | 663 |
Sublease income | (97) |  |  | (93) |
Total lease cost | $ | 751 |  |  | $ | 570 |
Other information |  |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 872 |  |  | $ | 656 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 7,755 |  |  | $ | — |
Reductions to ROU assets resulting from reductions to lease obligations | $ | (756) |  |  | $ | (578) |

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Park's operating leases had a weighted average remaining term of 8.1 years and 7.2 years, respectively. The weighted average discount rate of Park's operating leases was 2.6% and 3.1% at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Undiscounted cash flows included in lease liabilities have expected contractual payments as follows:

(in thousands) | March 31, 2020
9 months ending December 31, 2020 | $ | 2,720 |
2021 | 3,352 |
2022 | 3,220 |
2023 | 3,118 |
2024 | 2,350 |
Thereafter | 9,001 |
Total undiscounted minimum lease payments | $ | 23,761 |
Present value adjustment | (2,279) |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 21,482 |

Note 14 – Repurchase Agreement Borrowings
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ("repurchase agreements") with customers represent funds deposited by customers, generally on an overnight basis, that are collateralized by investment securities owned by Park. Repurchase agreements with customers are included in short-term borrowings on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.
All repurchase agreements are subject to terms and conditions of repurchase/security agreements between Park and the client and are accounted for as secured borrowings. Park's repurchase agreements consisted of customer accounts and securities which are pledged on an individual security basis.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Park's repurchase agreement borrowings totaled $168 million and $176 million, respectively. These borrowings were collateralized with U.S. government and agency securities with a fair value of $218 million and $200 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Declines in the value of the collateral would require Park to pledge additional securities. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Park had $703 million and $756 million, respectively, of available unpledged securities.
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The table below shows the remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements by collateral pledged at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Overnight and Continuous |  | Up to 30 days |  | 30 - 90 days |  | Greater than 90 days |  | Total
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 168,373 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 168,373 |
|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Overnight and Continuous |  | Up to 30 days |  | 30 - 90 days |  | Greater than 90 days |  | Total
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 175,657 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 175,657 |

Note 15 - Derivatives
Park uses certain derivative instruments to meet the needs of its clients while managing the interest rate risk associated with certain transactions. Park does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. A summary of derivative instruments utilized by Park follows.
Interest Rate Swaps
Park utilizes interest rate swap agreements as part of its asset liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position and as a means to meet the financing, interest rate and other risk management needs of qualifying commercial banking customers. The notional amount of the interest rate swaps does not represent the amount exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate swap agreements.
Borrowing Derivatives: Interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $25.0 million at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were designated as cash flow hedges of certain FHLB advances.
Loan Derivatives: In conjunction with the Carolina Alliance acquisition, Park acquired interest rate swaps related to certain commercial loans. These interest rate swaps were simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that Carolina Alliance executed with a third party, such that Carolina Alliance minimized its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. These interest rate swaps had a notional amount totaling $34.7 million at March 31, 2020 and $35.5 million at December 31, 2019.
All of the Company's interest rate swaps were determined to be fully effective during the three months ended March 31, 2020. As such, no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. Therefore, the aggregate fair value of the swaps is recorded in other assets and other liabilities with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income. The amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income would be reclassified to current earnings should the hedges no longer be considered effective. Park expects the hedges to remain fully effective during the remaining respective terms of the swaps.
Summary information about Park's interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 follows:

|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
(In thousands, except weighted average data) |  | Borrowing Derivatives |  | Loan Derivatives |  | Borrowing Derivatives |  | Loan Derivatives
Notional amounts |  | $ | 25,000 |  |  | $ | 34,650 |  |  | $ | 25,000 |  |  | $ | 35,503 |
Weighted average pay rates |  | 2.595 | % |  | 4.685 | % |  | 2.595 | % |  | 4.695 | %
Weighted average receive rates |  | 1.836 | % |  | 4.685 | % |  | 2.002 | % |  | 4.695 | %
Weighted average maturity (years) |  | 2.2 |  | 10.1 |  | 2.5 |  | 10.2
Unrealized losses |  | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | — |

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Interest (expense) income recorded on swap transactions was $(46,000) and $8,000 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Interest Rate Swaps
The following table presents the net gains (losses), net of income taxes, recorded in AOCI and the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income related to interest rate swaps for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  |
(In thousands) |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion) | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Interest Income | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Non-interest Income (Ineffective Portion)
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | (483) |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |
(In thousands) |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI (Effective Portion) | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from OCI to Interest Income | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Non-interest Income (Ineffective Portion)
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | (206) |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |

The following tables reflect the interest rate swaps included in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

(In thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  |
|  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
Included in other assets: |  |  |  |
Borrowing derivatives - interest rate swaps related to FHLB advances |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Loan derivatives - instruments associated with loans |  |  |  |
Matched interest rate swaps with borrower |  | 34,650 |  |  | 4,617 |
Matched interest rate swaps with counterparty |  | — |  |  | — |
Total included in other assets |  | $ | 34,650 |  |  | $ | 4,617 |
Included in other liabilities: |  |  |  |
Borrowing derivatives - interest rate swaps related to FHLB advances |  | $ | 25,000 |  |  | $ | (1,186) |
Loan derivatives - instruments associated with loans |  |  |  |
Matched interest rate swaps with borrower |  | — |  |  | — |
Matched interest rate swaps with counterparty |  | 34,650 |  |  | (4,617) |
Total included in other liabilities |  | $ | 59,650 |  |  | $ | (5,803) |

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(In thousands) |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
|  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
Included in other assets: |  |  |  |
Borrowing derivatives - interest rate swaps related to FHLB advances |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Loan derivatives - instruments associated with loans |  |  |  |
Matched interest rate swaps with borrower |  | 24,421 |  |  | 1,781 |
Matched interest rate swaps with counterparty |  | 11,083 |  |  | 89 |
Total included in other assets |  | $ | 35,504 |  |  | $ | 1,870 |
Included in other liabilities: |  |  |  |
Borrowing derivatives - interest rate swaps related to FHLB advances |  | $ | 25,000 |  |  | $ | (575) |
Loan derivatives - instruments associated with loans |  |  |  |
Matched interest rate swaps with borrower |  | 11,083 |  |  | (89) |
Matched interest rate swaps with counterparty |  | 24,421 |  |  | (1,781) |
Total included in other liabilities |  | $ | 60,504 |  |  | $ | (2,445) |

Mortgage Banking Derivatives
Commitments to fund mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these mortgage loans are accounted for as free standing derivatives. In order to hedge the change in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans, the Company enters into forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans when interest rate locks are entered into. These mortgage banking derivatives are not designated in hedge relationships. The fair value of the interest rate lock is recorded at the time the commitment to fund the mortgage loan is executed and is adjusted for the expected exercise of the commitment before the loan is funded. Fair values of these mortgage banking derivatives are estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date the interest on the loan is locked. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in "Other service income" in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Park had $88.0 million and $15.9 million, respectively, of interest rate lock commitments. The fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives was reflected by a derivative asset of $1.0 million and $221,000 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Other Derivatives
In connection with the sale of Park’s Class B Visa shares during 2009, Park entered into a swap agreement with the purchaser of the shares. The swap agreement adjusts for dilution in the conversion ratio of Class B Visa shares resulting from certain Visa litigation. At March 31, 2020, the fair value of the swap liability of $226,000 was an estimate of the exposure based upon probability-weighted potential Visa litigation losses.
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Note 16 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Other comprehensive income (loss) components, net of income tax, are shown in the following table for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

(in thousands) |  |  | Changes in pension plan assets and benefit obligations |  | Unrealized net holding loss on cash flow hedge |  | Unrealized gains (losses) on AFS debt securities |  | Total
Beginning balance at January 1, 2020 |  |  |  | $ | (26,674) |  |  | $ | (454) |  |  | $ | 17,539 |  |  | $ | (9,589) |
| Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | — |  |  | (483) |  |  | 18,176 |  |  | 17,693 |
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | — |  |  | (483) |  |  | 18,176 |  |  | 17,693 |
Ending balance at March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | $ | (26,674) |  |  | $ | (937) |  |  | $ | 35,715 |  |  | $ | 8,104 |
Beginning balance at January 1, 2019 |  |  | $ | (29,672) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (20,116) |  |  | $ | (49,788) |
| Other comprehensive loss (income) before reclassifications |  | — |  |  | (206) |  |  | 14,541 |  |  | 14,335 |
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | — |  |  | (206) |  |  | 14,541 |  |  | 14,335 |
Ending balance at March 31, 2019 |  |  | $ | (29,672) |  |  | $ | (206) |  |  | $ | (5,575) |  |  | $ | (35,453) |

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Note 17 – Earnings Per Common Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |
(In thousands, except share and per common share data) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 22,372 |  |  | $ | 25,455 |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  | 16,303,602 |  |  | 15,651,541 |  |
Effect of dilutive PBRSUs and TBRSUs |  | 122,279 |  |  | 93,236 |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding adjusted for the effect of dilutive PBRSUs and TBRSUs |  | 16,425,881 |  |  | 15,744,777 |  |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.37 |  |  | $ | 1.63 |  |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.36 |  |  | $ | 1.62 |  |

Park awarded 62,265 and 58,740 PBRSUs to certain employees during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Park repurchased 76,000 and 86,650 common shares during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, to fund the PBRSUs, TBRSUs and common shares to be awarded to directors of Park and to directors of Park's subsidiary PNB (and its divisions).
Note 18 – Segment Information
The Corporation is a financial holding company headquartered in Newark, Ohio. The reportable segments for the Corporation are its chartered national bank subsidiary, PNB (headquartered in Newark, Ohio), and GFSC. "All Other", which primarily consists of Park as the "Parent Company" and SEPH, is shown to reconcile the segment totals to the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
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Management is required to disclose information about the different types of business activities in which a company engages and also information on the different economic environments in which a company operates, so that the users of the financial statements can better understand the company’s performance, better understand the potential for future cash flows, and make more informed judgments about the company as a whole. Park has two reportable segments, as: (i) discrete financial information is available for each reportable segment and (ii) the segments are aligned with internal reporting to Park’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker.

|  | Operating Results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | PNB |  | GFSC |  | All Other |  | Total
Net interest income (expense) |  | $ | 75,214 |  |  | $ | 1,152 |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | 76,283 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 5,534 |  |  | 277 |  |  | (658) |  |  | 5,153 |
Other income (loss) |  | 23,481 |  |  | 32 |  |  | (1,027) |  |  | 22,486 |
Other expense |  | 61,368 |  |  | 765 |  |  | 4,143 |  |  | 66,276 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 31,793 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | (4,595) |  |  | $ | 27,340 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 5,885 |  |  | 30 |  |  | (947) |  |  | 4,968 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 25,908 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | (3,648) |  |  | $ | 22,372 |
Assets (at March 31, 2020) |  | $ | 8,673,683 |  |  | $ | 24,354 |  |  | $ | 21,254 |  |  | $ | 8,719,291 |

|  | Operating Results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | PNB |  | GFSC |  | All Other |  | Total
Net interest income |  | $ | 66,282 |  |  | $ | 1,325 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 67,776 |
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses |  | 2,440 |  |  | 145 |  |  | (87) |  |  | 2,498 |
Other income |  | 20,708 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 1,285 |  |  | 22,025 |
Other expense |  | 51,974 |  |  | 845 |  |  | 4,008 |  |  | 56,827 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 32,576 |  |  | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | (2,467) |  |  | $ | 30,476 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 5,884 |  |  | 80 |  |  | (943) |  |  | 5,021 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 26,692 |  |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | (1,524) |  |  | $ | 25,455 |
Assets (at March 31, 2019) |  | $ | 7,801,148 |  |  | $ | 30,238 |  |  | $ | 20,860 |  |  | $ | 7,852,246 |

The operating results in the “All Other” column are used to reconcile the segment totals to the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The reconciling amounts for consolidated total assets for the periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the elimination of intersegment borrowings and the assets of the Parent Company and SEPH which were not eliminated.
Note 19 - Share-Based Compensation
The Park National Corporation 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2013 Incentive Plan") was adopted by the Board of Directors of Park on January 28, 2013 and was approved by Park's shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 22, 2013. The 2013 Incentive Plan made equity-based awards and cash-based awards available for grant to participants (who could have been employees or non-employee directors) in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, SARs, restricted common shares (“Restricted Stock”), restricted stock unit awards that may be settled in common shares, cash or a combination of the two (“Restricted Stock Units”), unrestricted common shares (“Other Stock-Based Awards”) and cash-based awards. Under the 2013 Incentive Plan, 600,000 common shares were authorized to be delivered in connection with grants under the 2013 Incentive Plan. The common shares to be delivered under the 2013 Incentive Plan are to consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares, including common shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. As of March 31, 2020, there were 18,732 common shares subject to PBRSUs issued under the 2013 Incentive Plan, which represented the only awards outstanding under the 2013 Incentive Plan.
The Park National Corporation 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Employees (the "2017 Employees LTIP") was adopted by the Board of Directors of Park on January 23, 2017 and was approved by Park's shareholders at the Annual Meeting of
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Shareholders on April 24, 2017. The 2017 Employees LTIP makes equity-based awards and cash-based awards available for grant to employee participants in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other Stock-Based Awards and cash-based awards. Under the 2017 Employees LTIP, 750,000 common shares are authorized to be delivered in connection with grants under the 2017 Employees LTIP. The common shares to be delivered under the 2017 Employees LTIP are to consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares, including common shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. At March 31, 2020, 537,735 common shares were available for future grants under the 2017 Employees LTIP.
The Park National Corporation 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP") was adopted by the Board of Directors of Park on January 23, 2017 and was approved by Park's shareholders at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on April 24, 2017. The 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP makes equity-based awards and cash-based awards available for grant to non-employee director participants in the form of nonqualified stock options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other Stock-Based Awards, and cash-based awards. Under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP, 150,000 common shares are authorized to be delivered in connection with grants under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP. The common shares to be delivered under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP are to consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares, including common shares purchased in the open market or in private transactions. At March 31, 2020, 113,700 common shares were available for future grants under the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP.
The 2017 Employees LTIP and the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP have replaced the provisions of the 2013 Incentive Plan with respect to the grant of future awards. As a result of the approval of the 2017 Employees LTIP and the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP, Park has not granted and will not grant any additional awards under the 2013 Incentive Plan after April 24, 2017. Awards made under the 2013 Incentive Plan prior to April 24, 2017 will remain in effect in accordance with their respective terms.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of Park granted awards of PBRSUs, under the 2017 Employees LTIP, covering an aggregate of 62,265 common shares to certain employees of Park and its subsidiaries. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of Park granted awards of PBRSUs, under the 2017 Employees LTIP, covering an aggregate of 58,740 common shares to certain employees of Park and its subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2020, Park has nonvested PBRSUs as well as TBRSUs. The number of PBRSUs earned or settled will depend on the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria and are also subject to subsequent service-based vesting. The number of TBRSUs earned or settled are subject to service-based vesting.
A summary of changes in the common shares subject to nonvested PBRSUs and TBRSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 follows:

| Common shares subject to PBRSUs and TBRSUs
Nonvested at January 1, 2020 | 194,722 |
Granted | 62,265 |
Vested | (36,674) |
Forfeited | (688) |
Adjustment for performance conditions of PBRSUs (1) | (5,399) |
Nonvested at March 31, 2020 (2) | 214,226 |

(1) The number of PBRSUs earned depends on the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria. Adjustment herein represents the difference between the maximum number of common shares which could be earned and the actual number earned for those PBRSUs as to which the performance period was completed.
(2) Nonvested amount herein represents the maximum number of nonvested PBRSUs and TBRSUs. As of March 31, 2020, an aggregate of 180,626 PBRSUs and TBRSUs are expected to vest.
On March 31, 2020, an aggregate of 36,674 of the PBRSUs granted in 2016 and 2017 vested in full due to the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria and the satisfaction of the service-based vesting requirement. A total of 11,646 common shares were withheld to satisfy employee income tax withholding obligations. This resulted in a net number of 25,028 common shares being issued to employees of Park. On March 31, 2019, 27,719 of the PBRSUs granted in 2015 and 2016 vested in full due to the level of achievement with respect to certain performance criteria and the satisfaction of the service-based vesting requirement. A total of 8,736 common shares were withheld to satisfy employee income tax withholding obligations. This resulted in a net number of 18,983 common shares being issued to employees of Park.
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Share-based compensation expense of $1.3 million and $1.4 million was recognized for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The following table details expected additional share-based compensation expense related to PBRSUs and TBRSUs outstanding at March 31, 2020:

(In thousands) |  |
Nine months ending December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 3,663 |
2021 |  | 3,614 |
2022 |  | 2,389 |
2023 |  | 1,002 |
2024 |  | 163 |
Total |  | $ | 10,831 |

Note 20 – Benefit Plans
Park has a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the "Pension Plan") covering substantially all of its employees. The Pension Plan provides benefits based on an employee’s years of service and compensation.
There were no Pension Plan contributions for either of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
The following table shows the components of net periodic pension benefit expense:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 2,080 |  |  | $ | 1,468 |  |  | Employee benefits |
Interest cost |  | 1,320 |  |  | 1,373 |  |  | Other components of net periodic pension benefit income |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (3,603) |  |  | (3,026) |  |  | Other components of net periodic pension benefit income |
Recognized net actuarial loss and prior service costs |  | 294 |  |  | 470 |  |  | Other components of net periodic pension benefit income |
Net periodic pension benefit expense |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  |

Park has entered into Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Agreements (the “SERP Agreements”) with certain key officers of the Corporation and its subsidiaries which provide defined pension benefits in excess of limits imposed by federal tax law. The expense for the Corporation related to the SERP Agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Income
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | Employee benefits |
Interest cost |  | 134 |  |  | 165 |  |  | Miscellaneous expense |
Total SERP expense |  | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  |

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Note 21 – Fair Value
The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that Park uses to measure fair value are as follows:
•Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that Park has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
•Level 2: Level 1 inputs for assets or liabilities that are not actively traded. Also consists of an observable market price for a similar asset or liability. This includes the use of “matrix pricing” to value debt securities absent the exclusive use of quoted prices.
•Level 3: Consists of unobservable inputs that are used to measure fair value when observable market inputs are not available. This could include the use of internally developed models, financial forecasting and similar inputs.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the balance sheet date. When possible, the Company looks to active and observable markets to price identical assets or liabilities. When identical assets and liabilities are not traded in active markets, the Company looks to observable market data for similar assets and liabilities. However, certain assets and liabilities are not traded in observable markets and Park must use other valuation methods to develop a fair value. The fair value of impaired loans is typically based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is estimated through third-party appraisals in accordance with Park's valuation requirements under its commercial and real estate loan policies.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2020 using: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Balance at March 31, 2020
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | — |  |  | 320,766 |  |  |  |  | 320,766 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 863,633 |  |  | — |  |  | 863,633 |
Equity securities |  | 1,519 |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |  |  | 1,982 |
Mortgage loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | 23,901 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,901 |
Mortgage IRLCs |  | — |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,035 |
Loan interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swap |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |
Borrowing interest rate swap |  | — |  |  | 1,186 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,186 |
Loan interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |

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Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 using: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Balance at December 31, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 320,491 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 320,491 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities’ asset-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 889,210 |  |  | — |  |  | 889,210 |
Equity securities |  | 1,537 |  |  | — |  |  | 456 |  |  | 1,993 |
Mortgage loans held for sale |  | — |  |  | 12,278 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,278 |
Mortgage IRLCs |  | — |  |  | 221 |  |  | — |  |  | 221 |
Loan interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swap |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |
Borrowing interest rate swap |  | — |  |  | 575 |  |  | — |  |  | 575 |
Loan interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities discussed above:
Interest rate swaps: The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).
Investment securities: Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices, where available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows (Level 3).
Fair value swap: The fair value of the swap agreement entered into with the purchaser of the Visa Class B shares represents an internally developed estimate of the exposure based upon probability-weighted potential Visa litigation losses.
Mortgage Interest Rate Lock Commitments: Mortgage IRLCs are based on current secondary market pricing and are classified as Level 2.
Mortgage loans held for sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at their fair value. Mortgage loans held for sale are estimated using market prices for similar product types and, therefore, are classified in Level 2.
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The tables below present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Level 3 inputs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, for financial instruments measured on a recurring basis and classified as Level 3:
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
Three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(In thousands) |  | Equity Securities |  | Fair value swap
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | (226) |
Total gains/(losses) |  |  |  |
Included in other income |  | 7 |  |  | — |
Balance at March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 463 |  |  | $ | (226) |
Balance at January 1, 2019 |  | $ | 424 |  |  | $ | (226) |
Total gains/(losses) |  |  |  |
Included in other income |  | 9 |  |  | — |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 433 |  |  | $ | (226) |

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis described below:
Impaired Loans: At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Collateral dependent impaired loans carried at fair value have been partially charged-off or receive specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is generally based on real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Collateral is then adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and the client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. Additionally, updated independent valuations are obtained annually for all impaired loans in accordance with Company policy.
OREO: Assets acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired. The carrying value of OREO is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis, but is subject to fair value adjustments when the carrying value exceeds the fair value, less estimated selling costs. Fair value is based on recent real estate appraisals and is updated at least annually. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales approach and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
Appraisals for both collateral dependent impaired loans and OREO are performed by licensed appraisers. Appraisals are generally obtained to support the fair value of collateral. In general, there are three types of appraisals received by the Company: real estate appraisals, income approach appraisals, and lot development loan appraisals. These are discussed below:
•Real estate appraisals typically incorporate measures such as recent sales prices for comparable properties. Appraisers may make adjustments to the sales prices of the comparable properties as deemed appropriate based on the age, condition or general characteristics of the subject property. Management generally applies a 15% discount to real estate appraised values which management expects will cover all disposition costs (including selling costs). This 15% discount is based on historical discounts to appraised values on sold OREO properties.
•Income approach appraisals typically incorporate the annual net operating income of the business divided by an appropriate capitalization rate, as determined by the appraiser. Management generally applies a 15% discount to income approach appraised values which management expects will cover all disposition costs (including selling costs).
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•Lot development loan appraisals are typically performed using a discounted cash flow analysis. Appraisers determine an anticipated absorption period and a discount rate that takes into account an investor’s required rate of return based on recent comparable sales. Management generally applies a 6% discount to lot development appraised values, which is an additional discount above the net present value calculation included in the appraisal, to account for selling costs.
Other repossessed assets: Other repossessed assets are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired. The carrying value of other repossessed assets is not re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis, but is subject to fair value adjustments when the carrying value exceeds the fair value, less estimated selling costs. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, other repossessed assets primarily consisted of aircraft acquired as part of a loan workout. Fair value is based on Aircraft Bluebook and VREF Aircraft Value Reference values based on the model of aircraft and adjustments for flight hours, features and other variables. Such adjustments result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
MSRs: MSRs are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. MSRs do not trade in active, open markets with readily observable prices. For example, sales of MSRs do occur, but precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available. As such, management, with the assistance of a third-party specialist, determines fair value based on the discounted value of the future cash flows estimated to be received. Significant inputs include the discount rate and assumed prepayment speeds. The calculated fair value is then compared to market values where possible to ascertain the reasonableness of the valuation in relation to current market expectations for similar products. Accordingly, MSRs are classified as Level 2.
The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Collateral dependent impaired loans are carried at fair value if they have been charged down to fair value or if a specific valuation allowance has been established. As of March 31, 2020, there were no PCI loans carried at fair value. A new cost basis is established at the time a property is initially recorded in OREO. OREO properties are carried at fair value if a devaluation has been taken with respect to the property's value subsequent to the initial measurement.

Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2020 using: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Balance at March 31, 2020
Impaired loans recorded at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,990 |  |  | $ | 1,990 |
Residential real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 164 |  |  | 164 |
Total impaired loans recorded at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,154 |  |  | $ | 2,154 |
MSRs |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,762 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,762 |
OREO recorded at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,295 |  |  | 2,295 |
Residential real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 682 |  |  | 682 |
Total OREO recorded at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,977 |  |  | $ | 2,977 |
Other repossessed assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,599 |  |  | $ | 3,599 |

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Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2019 using: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Balance at December 31, 2019
Impaired loans recorded at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,873 |  |  | $ | 1,873 |
Residential real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 217 |  |  | 217 |
Total impaired loans recorded at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,090 |  |  | $ | 2,090 |
MSRs |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,797 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,797 |
OREO recorded at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,295 |  |  | 2,295 |
Residential real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 738 |  |  | 738 |
Total OREO recorded at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,033 |  |  | $ | 3,033 |
Other repossessed assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,599 |  |  | $ | 3,599 |

The table below provides additional detail on those impaired loans which are recorded at fair value as well as the remaining impaired loan portfolio not included above. The remaining impaired loans consist of loans which are not collateral dependent as well as loans carried at cost as the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows on each of the loans exceeded the book value for each respective credit.

|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Recorded Investment |  | Prior Charge-Offs |  | Specific Valuation Allowance |  | Carrying Balance
Impaired loans recorded at fair value |  | $ | 2,275 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 2,154 |
Remaining impaired loans |  | 83,576 |  |  | 420 |  |  | 5,410 |  |  | 78,166 |
Total impaired loans |  | $ | 85,851 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 5,531 |  |  | $ | 80,320 |

|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Recorded Investment |  | Prior Charge-Offs |  | Specific Valuation Allowance |  | Carrying Balance
Impaired loans recorded at fair value |  | $ | 2,167 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 2,090 |
Remaining impaired loans |  | 75,324 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 5,153 |  |  | 70,171 |
Total impaired loans |  | $ | 77,491 |  |  | $ | 719 |  |  | $ | 5,230 |  |  | $ | 72,261 |

The expense from credit adjustments related to impaired loans carried at fair value was $57,000 and $33,000 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
MSRs totaled $8.8 million at March 31, 2020. Of this $8.8 million MSR carrying balance, all but $6,000 was recorded at fair value and included a valuation allowance of $2.4 million. At December 31, 2019, MSRs totaled $10.1 million. Of this $10.1 million MSR carrying balance, $5.8 million was recorded at fair value and included a valuation allowance of $0.8 million. The remaining $4.3 million was recorded at cost, as the fair value exceeded cost at December 31, 2019. The expense related to MSRs carried at fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $1.5 million and $57,000, respectively.
Total OREO held by Park at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $3.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively. Approximately 83% and 75% of OREO held by Park at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, was carried at fair value due to fair value adjustments made subsequent to the initial OREO measurement. At each of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, OREO held at fair value, less estimated selling costs, amounted to $3.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The net expense related to OREO fair value adjustments was $2,000 and $27,000 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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Other repossessed assets totaled $4.1 million at March 31, 2020, of which $3.6 million was recorded at fair value. Other repossessed assets totaled $4.2 million at December 31, 2019, of which $3.6 million was recorded at fair value. There was no expense related to fair value adjustments on other repossessed assets for either of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
The following tables present qualitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  | Range (Weighted Average) (1)
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 1,990 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  |  | Adj to comparables |  |  | 0.0% - 139.0% (21.4%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  |  | Capitalization rate |  |  | 20.0% (20.0%)
Residential real estate |  | $ | 164 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  |  | Adj to comparables |  |  | 0.0% - 53.5% (14.2%)
Other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 2,295 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  |  | Adj to comparables |  |  | 0.9% - 68.4% (34.7%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  |  | Capitalization rate |  |  | 13.0% (13.0%)
Residential real estate |  | $ | 682 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  |  | Adj to comparables |  |  | 4.6% - 54.6% (39.4%)

Balance at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  | Range (Weighted Average) (1)
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 1,873 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  |  | Adj to comparables |  |  | 0.0% - 56.0% (26.5%)
|  |  |  | Cost approach |  | Accumulated depreciation |  | 93.1% (93.1%)
Residential real estate |  | $ | 217 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  |  | Adj to comparables |  |  | 0.0% - 53.5% (10.8%)
Other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | $ | 2,295 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  |  | Adj to comparables |  |  | 0.9% - 68.4% (34.7%)
|  |  |  | Income approach |  |  | Capitalization rate |  |  | 13.0% (13.0%)
Residential real estate |  | $ | 738 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  |  | Adj to comparables |  |  | 4.6% - 54.6% (39.2%)

(1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.
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Assets Measured at Net Asset Value:
Park's portfolio of equity investments in limited partnerships which provide mezzanine funding ("Partnership Investments") are valued using the NAV practical expedient in accordance with ASC 820.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Park had Partnership Investments with a NAV of $12.7 million and $11.9 million, respectively. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Park had $7.8 million and $8.5 million, respectively, in unfunded commitments related to these Partnership Investments. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Park recognized a loss of $204,000 and income of $1.6 million, respectively, related to these Partnership Investments.
The fair value of certain financial instruments at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, was as follows:

|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Carrying value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total fair value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and money market instruments |  | $ | 320,920 |  |  | $ | 320,920 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 320,920 |
Investment securities (1) |  | 1,184,399 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,184,399 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,184,399 |
Other investment securities (2) |  | 1,982 |  |  | 1,519 |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |  |  | 1,982 |
Loans held for sale |  | 23,901 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,901 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,901 |
Mortgage IRLCs |  | 1,035 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,035 |
Impaired loans carried at fair value |  | 2,154 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,154 |  |  | 2,154 |
Other loans, net |  | 6,433,926 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,451,435 |  |  | 6,451,435 |
Loans receivable, net |  | $ | 6,461,016 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,936 |  |  | $ | 6,453,589 |  |  | $ | 6,478,525 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits |  | 1,060,835 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,069,209 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,069,209 |
Other |  | 2,667 |  |  | 2,667 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,667 |
Deposits (excluding demand deposits) |  | $ | 1,063,502 |  |  | $ | 2,667 |  |  | $ | 1,069,209 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,071,876 |
Short-term borrowings |  | $ | 193,373 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 193,373 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 193,373 |
Long-term debt |  | 140,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 150,782 |  |  | — |  |  | 150,782 |
Subordinated notes |  | 15,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,635 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,635 |
Derivative financial instruments - assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan interest rate swaps |  | $ | 4,617 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,617 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,617 |
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swap |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |
Borrowing interest rate swap |  | 1,186 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,186 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,186 |
Loan interest rate swaps |  | 4,617 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |

(1) Includes AFS debt securities.
(2) Excludes FHLB stock and FRB stock which are carried at their respective redemption values, investment securities accounted for at modified cost as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value, and Partnership Investments valued using the NAV practical expedient.
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|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Carrying value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total fair value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and money market instruments |  | $ | 159,956 |  |  | $ | 159,956 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 159,956 |
Investment securities (1) |  | 1,209,701 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,209,701 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,209,701 |
Other investment securities (2) |  | 1,993 |  |  | 1,537 |  |  | — |  |  | 456 |  |  | 1,993 |
Loans held for sale |  | 12,278 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,278 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,278 |
Mortgage IRLCs |  | 221 |  |  | — |  |  | 221 |  |  | — |  |  | 221 |
Impaired loans carried at fair value |  | 2,090 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,090 |  |  | 2,090 |
Other loans, net |  | 6,430,136 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,426,869 |  |  | 6,426,869 |
Loans receivable, net |  | $ | 6,444,725 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,499 |  |  | $ | 6,428,959 |  |  | $ | 6,441,458 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits |  | $ | 1,139,131 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,145,537 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,145,537 |
Other |  | 1,273 |  |  | 1,273 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,273 |
Deposits (excluding demand deposits) |  | $ | 1,140,404 |  |  | $ | 1,273 |  |  | $ | 1,145,537 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,146,810 |
Short-term borrowings |  | $ | 230,657 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 230,657 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 230,657 |
Long-term debt |  | 192,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 200,726 |  |  | — |  |  | 200,726 |
Subordinated notes |  | 15,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,372 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,372 |
Derivative financial instruments - assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan interest rate swaps |  | 1,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |
Derivative financial instruments - liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value swap |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |
Borrowing interest rate swap |  | 575 |  |  | — |  |  | 575 |  |  | — |  |  | 575 |
Loan interest rate swaps |  | 1,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,870 |

(1) Includes AFS debt securities and HTM debt securities.
(2) Excludes FHLB stock and FRB stock which are carried at their respective redemption values, investment securities accounted for at modified cost as these investments do not have a readily determinable fair value, and Partnership Investments valued using the NAV practical expedient.
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Note 22 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers
All of Park's revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within "Other income" in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income. The following table presents the Corporation's sources of other income by revenue stream and operating segment for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue by Operating Segment (in thousands) |  | PNB |  | GFSC |  | All Other |  | Total
Income from fiduciary activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal trust and agency accounts |  | $ | 2,171 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,171 |
Employee benefit and retirement-related accounts |  | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,916 |
Investment management and investment advisory agency accounts |  | 2,642 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,642 |
Other |  | 384 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 384 |
Service charges on deposit accounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-sufficient funds (NSF) fees |  | 1,615 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,615 |
Demand deposit account (DDA) charges |  | 761 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 761 |
Other |  | 152 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 152 |
Other service income (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit card |  | 596 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 597 |
HELOC |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |
Installment |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |
Real estate |  | 2,647 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,647 |
Commercial |  | 371 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 371 |
Debit card fee income |  | 4,960 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,960 |
Bank owned life insurance income (2) |  | 1,166 |  |  | — |  |  | 82 |  |  | 1,248 |
ATM fees |  | 412 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 412 |
Loss on sale of OREO, net |  | (196) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (196) |
Gain (loss) on equity securities, net (2) |  | 166 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,139) |  |  | (973) |
Other components of net periodic pension benefit income (2) |  | 1,940 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,988 |
Miscellaneous (3) |  | 1,627 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1,640 |
Total other income |  | $ | 23,481 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | (1,027) |  |  | $ | 22,486 |

(1) Of the $3.8 million of aggregate revenue included within "Other service income", approximately $2.3 million is within the scope of ASC 606, with the remaining $1.5 million consisting primarily of residential real estate loan fees which are out of scope.
(2) Not within the scope of ASC 606.
(3) "Miscellaneous" income includes brokerage income, safe deposit box rentals, and miscellaneous bank fees totaling $1.6 million, all of which are within scope of ASC 606.
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|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue by Operating Segment (in thousands) |  | PNB |  | GFSC |  | All Other |  | Total
Income from fiduciary activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personal trust and agency accounts |  | $ | 2,301 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,301 |
Employee benefit and retirement-related accounts |  | 1,670 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,670 |
Investment management and investment advisory agency accounts |  | 2,381 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,381 |
Other |  | 371 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 371 |
Service charges on deposit accounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-sufficient funds (NSF) fees |  | 1,616 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,616 |
Demand deposit account (DDA) charges |  | 780 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 780 |
Other |  | 163 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 163 |
Other service income (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit card |  | 597 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 600 |
HELOC |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 99 |
Installment |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | 70 |
Real estate |  | 1,757 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,757 |
Commercial |  | 292 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 292 |
Debit card fee income |  | 4,369 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,369 |
Bank owned life insurance income (2) |  | 898 |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |  |  | 1,006 |
ATM fees |  | 440 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 440 |
Loss on sale of OREO, net |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |
Gain on equity securities, net (2) |  | 589 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,153 |  |  | 1,742 |
Other components of net periodic pension benefit income (2) |  | 1,147 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 1,183 |
Miscellaneous (3) |  | 1,180 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,197 |
Total other income |  | $ | 20,708 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 1,285 |  |  | $ | 22,025 |

(1) Of the $2.8 million of aggregate revenue included within "Other service income", approximately $1.2 million is within the scope of ASC 606, with the remaining $1.6 million consisting primarily of residential real estate loan fees which are out of scope.
(2) Not within the scope of ASC 606.
(3) "Miscellaneous" income includes brokerage income, safe deposit box rentals, and miscellaneous bank fees totaling $1.2 million, all of which are within scope of ASC 606.
A description of Park's revenue streams accounted for under ASC 606 follows:
Income from fiduciary activities (gross): Park earns fiduciary fee income and investment brokerage fees from its contracts with trust customers for various fiduciary and investment-related services. These fees are earned over time as the Company provides the contracted monthly and quarterly services and are generally assessed based on the market value of the trust assets.
Service charges on deposit accounts and ATM fees: The Corporation earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account maintenance, and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include services such as ATM use fees, stop payment charges, statement rendering, and ACH fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed as that is the point in time the Corporation fulfills the customer's request. Account maintenance fees, which relate primarily to monthly maintenance, are generally recognized at the end of the month, representing the period over which the Corporation satisfies the performance obligation. Overdraft fees are recognized at the point in time that the overdraft occurs. Service charges on deposits are withdrawn from the customer's account balance.
Other service income: Other service income includes income from (1) the sale and servicing of loans sold to the secondary market, (2) incentive income from third-party credit card issuers, and (3) loan customers for various loan-related activities and services. These fees are generally recognized at a point in time following the completion of a loan sale or related service activity.
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Debit card fee income: Park earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions conducted primarily through the Visa payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, net of card network fees, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder.
Gain or loss on sale of OREO, net: The Corporation records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of delivery of an executed deed. When Park finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Corporation assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform the buyer's obligation under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Corporation adjusts the transaction price and related gain (loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present.
ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management’s discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are provided to assist in the understanding of anticipated future financial performance. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not guarantees of future performance. The forward-looking statements are based on management’s expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially include, without limitation: the ever-changing effects of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic - - the duration, extent and severity of which are impossible to predict - - on economies (local, national and international) and markets, and on our customers, counterparties, employees and third-party service providers, as well as the effects of various responses of governmental and nongovernmental authorities to the COVID-19 pandemic, including actions directed toward the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic and stimulus packages; Park's ability to execute our business plan successfully and within the expected timeframe as well as Park's ability to manage strategic initiatives; general economic and financial market conditions, specifically in the real estate markets and the credit markets, either nationally or in the states in which Park and our subsidiaries do business, may experience a slowing in addition to continuing residual effects of prior recessionary conditions, resulting in adverse impacts on the demand for loan, deposit and other financial services, delinquencies, defaults and counterparties' inability to meet credit and other obligations and the possible impairment of collectability of loans; higher default rates on loans made to our customers due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our customers' operations and financial condition; changes in interest rates and prices as well as disruption in the liquidity and functioning of U.S. financial markets, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and reactions thereto, may adversely impact prepayment penalty income, mortgage banking income, income from fiduciary activities, the value of securities, loans, deposits and other financial instruments and the interest rate sensitivity of our consolidated balance sheet as well as reduce interest margins and impact loan demand; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and saving habits, whether due to changes in retail distribution strategies, consumer preferences and behavior, changes in business and economic conditions (including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and reactions thereto), legislative and regulatory initiatives (including those undertaken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic), or other factors may be different than anticipated; changes in unemployment may be different than anticipated in light of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; changes in customers', suppliers', and other counterparties' performance and creditworthiness may be different than anticipated in light of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; the adequacy of our internal controls and risk management program in the event of changes in the market, economic, operational, asset/liability repricing, legal, compliance, strategic, cybersecurity, liquidity, credit and interest rate risks associated with Park's business; disruption in the liquidity and other functioning of U.S. financial markets; our liquidity requirements could be adversely affected by changes to regulations governing bank and bank holding company capital and liquidity standards as well as by changes in our assets and liabilities; competitive pressures among financial services organizations could increase significantly, including product and pricing pressures (which could in turn impact our credit spreads), customer acquisition and retention, changes to third-party relationships and revenues, changes in the manner of providing services, customer acquisition and retention pressures, and our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified banking professionals; customers could pursue alternatives to bank deposits, causing us to lose a relatively inexpensive source of funding; uncertainty regarding the nature, timing, cost and effect of changes in banking regulations or other regulatory or legislative requirements affecting the respective businesses of Park and our subsidiaries, including major reform of the regulatory oversight structure of the financial services industry and changes in laws and regulations concerning taxes, FDIC insurance premium levels, pensions, bankruptcy, consumer protection, rent regulation and housing, financial accounting and reporting, environmental protection, insurance, bank products and services, bank capital and liquidity standards, fiduciary standards, securities and other aspects of the financial services industry, specifically the reforms provided for in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and the Basel III regulatory capital reforms, as well as regulations already adopted and which may be adopted in the future by the relevant regulatory agencies, including the
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Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Federal Reserve Board, to implement the provisions of the CARES Act, the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, and the Basel III regulatory capital reforms; the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"), the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and other regulatory agencies, including the extent to which the new current expected credit loss ("CECL") accounting standard issued by the FASB in June 2016 and in accordance with the CARES Act, the adoption of which can be deferred by Park (with retrospective application as of January 1, 2020) until the earlier of: (1) the interim reporting period during which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak declared by the President on March 15, 2020 terminates; or (2) December 31, 2020, may adversely affect Park's reported financial condition or results of operations; Park's assumptions and estimates used in applying critical accounting policies and modeling, including under the CECL model, when adopted by Park, which may prove unreliable, inaccurate or not predictive of actual results; significant changes in the tax laws, which may adversely affect the fair values of net deferred tax assets and obligations of state and political subdivisions held in Park's investment securities portfolio; the impact of our ability to anticipate and respond to technological changes on our ability to respond to customer needs and meet competitive demands; operational issues stemming from and/or capital spending necessitated by the potential need to adapt to industry changes in information technology systems on which Park and our subsidiaries are highly dependent; the ability to secure confidential information and deliver products and services through the use of computer systems and telecommunications networks; a failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party vendors and other service providers, resulting in failures or disruptions in customer account management, general ledger, deposit, loan, or other systems, including as a result of cyber attacks; the existence or exacerbation of general geopolitical instability and uncertainty; the effect of trade policies (including the impact of potential or imposed tariffs, a U.S. withdrawal from or significant renegotiation of trade agreements, trade wars and other changes in trade regulations and changes in the relationship of the U.S. and its global trading partners), monetary and other fiscal policies (including the impact of money supply and interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board) and other governmental policies of the U.S. federal government, including those implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; unexpected changes in interest rates or disruptions in the financial markets related to COVID-19 or responses to the related health crisis; the impact on financial markets and the economy of any changes in the credit ratings of the U.S. Treasury obligations and other U.S. government - backed debt, as well as issues surrounding the levels of U.S., European and Asian government debt and concerns regarding the creditworthiness of certain sovereign governments, supranationals and financial institutions in Europe and Asia; the uncertainty surrounding the actions to be taken to implement the referendum by United Kingdom voters to exit the European Union; our litigation and regulatory compliance exposure, including the costs and effects of any adverse developments in legal proceedings or other claims and the costs and effects of unfavorable resolution of regulatory and other governmental examinations or other inquiries; continued availability of earnings and excess capital sufficient for the lawful and prudent declaration of dividends; the impact on Park's business, personnel, facilities or systems of losses related to acts of fraud, scams and schemes of third parties; the impact of widespread natural and other disasters, pandemics (including the COVID-19 pandemic), dislocations, civil unrest, terrorist activities or international hostilities on the economy and financial markets generally and on us or our counterparties specifically; any of the foregoing factors, or other cascading effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that are not currently foreseeable, could materially affect our business, including our customers' willingness to conduct banking transactions and their ability to pay on existing obligations; the effect of healthcare laws in the U.S. and potential changes for such laws, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may increase our healthcare and other costs and negatively impact our operations and financial results; risk and uncertainties associated with Park's entry into new geographic markets with its recent acquisitions, including expected revenue synergies and cost savings from recent acquisitions not being fully realized or realized within the expected time frame; the discontinuation of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other reference rates which may result in increased expenses and litigation, and adversely impact the effectiveness of hedging strategies; and other risk factors relating to the banking industry as detailed from time to time in Park's reports filed with the SEC including those described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of Part I of Park's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Park does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to publicly release the results of any revisions that may be made to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the events or circumstances after the date on which the forward-looking statement was made, or reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except to the extent required by law.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Item 2 of Part I of of this Form 10-Q contains non-U.S. GAAP financial measures where management believes it to be helpful in understanding Park’s results of operations or financial position. Where non-U.S. GAAP financial measures are used, the comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, as well as the reconciliation to the comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, can be found herein.
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Items Impacting Comparability of Period Results
From time to time, revenue, expenses, and/or taxes are impacted by items judged by management of Park to be outside of ordinary banking activities and/or by items that, while they may be associated with ordinary banking activities, are so unusually large that their outsized impact is believed by management of Park at that time to be infrequent or short-term in nature. Most often, these items impacting comparability of period results are due to merger and acquisition activities and revenue and expenses related to former Vision Bank loan relationships. In other cases, they may result from management's decisions associated with significant corporate actions outside of the ordinary course of business.
Even though certain revenue and expense items are naturally subject to more volatility than others due to changes in market and economic environment conditions, as a general rule volatility alone does not result in the inclusion of an item as one impacting comparability of period results. For example, changes in the provision for credit losses (aside from former Vision Bank loan relationships), gains (losses) on equity securities, and asset valuation writedowns, reflect ordinary banking activities and are, therefore, typically excluded from consideration as items impacting comparability of period results.
Management believes the disclosure of items impacting comparability of period results provides a better understanding of our performance and trends and allows management to ascertain which of such items, if any, to include or exclude from an analysis of our performance; i.e., within the context of determining how that performance differed from expectations, as well as how, if at all, to adjust estimates of future performance taking such items into account.
Items impacting comparability of the results of particular periods are not intended to be a complete list of items that may materially impact current or future period performance.
FTE (fully taxable equivalent) Ratios
Interest income, yields, and ratios on a FTE basis are considered non-U.S. GAAP financial measures. Management believes net interest income on a FTE basis provides an insightful picture of the interest margin for comparison purposes. The FTE basis also allows management to assess the comparability of revenue arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The FTE basis assumes a federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 21 percent. In the tables included within the "Net Interest Income" section of this MD&A, Park has provided detail of FTE interest income solely for the purpose of complying with SEC Regulation G and not as an indication that FTE interest income, yields and ratios are substitutes for interest income, yields and ratios, as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Critical Accounting Policies
Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Park’s 2019 Form 10-K lists significant accounting policies used in the development and presentation of Park’s consolidated financial statements. The accounting and reporting policies of Park conform with U.S. GAAP and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant, unprecedented disruption around the world that has affected daily living and negatively impacted the global economy. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic may meaningfully impact significant estimates such as the allowance for loan losses, goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and pension plan obligations and related expenses.
Park believes the determination of the allowance for loan losses involves a higher degree of judgment and complexity than its other significant accounting policies. The allowance for loan losses is calculated with the objective of maintaining a reserve level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio. Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based on periodic evaluations of the loan portfolio and of current economic conditions. However, this evaluation has subjective components requiring material estimates, including expected default probabilities, the expected loss given default, the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, and estimated losses based on historical loss experience and current economic conditions. All of these factors may be susceptible to significant change. To the extent that actual results differ from management estimates, additional loan loss provisions may be required that would adversely impact earnings in future periods. Refer to the “Credit Metrics and Provision for Loan Losses” section within this MD&A for additional discussion.
OREO, property acquired through foreclosure, is recorded at estimated fair value less anticipated selling costs (net realizable value). If the net realizable value is below the carrying value of the loan on the date of transfer, the difference is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent declines in value, OREO devaluations, are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount of OREO and are expensed within other income. Gains or losses not previously recognized, resulting from the sale of OREO, are recognized within other income on the date of sale.
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U.S. GAAP requires management to establish a fair value hierarchy, which has the objective of maximizing the use of observable market inputs. U.S. GAAP also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the inputs used to calculate fair value. These are classified as Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. Level 3 inputs are those with significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the market for a particular instrument. Some of these inputs could be based on internal models and cash flow analyses. The large majority of Park’s assets whose fair value is determined using Level 2 inputs consists of AFS debt securities. The fair value of these AFS debt securities is calculated largely through the use of matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the financial services industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific debt securities but rather relying on the debt securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted debt securities. Please see Note 21 - Fair Value of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on fair value.
Management believes that the accounting for goodwill also involves a higher degree of judgment than most other significant accounting policies. U.S. GAAP establishes standards for the impairment assessment of goodwill. Goodwill arising from business combinations represents the value attributable to unidentifiable intangible assets in each business acquired. Park’s goodwill, as of March 31, 2020, relates to the value inherent in the banking industry and that value is dependent upon the ability of Park’s national bank subsidiary, The Park National Bank to provide quality, cost-effective banking services in a competitive marketplace. The goodwill value is supported by revenue that is in part driven by the volume of business transacted. A decrease in earnings resulting from a decline in the customer base, the inability to deliver cost-effective services over sustained periods or significant credit problems can lead to impairment of goodwill that could adversely impact earnings in future periods. U.S. GAAP requires an annual evaluation of goodwill for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Park evaluates goodwill for impairment during the second quarter of each year, with financial data as of March 31. Based on the analysis performed as of April 1, 2019, the Company determined that goodwill for Park's reporting unit, PNB, was not impaired. During the first quarter of 2020, management determined that the deterioration in general economic conditions as a results of the COVID-19 pandemic and responses thereto represented a triggering event prompting an evaluation of goodwill impairment. Based on the analysis performed during the first quarter of 2020, the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired. The fair value of the goodwill, which resides on the books of PNB, is estimated by reviewing the past and projected operating results for PNB, deposit and loan totals for PNB and banking industry comparable information.
The determination of pension plan obligations and related expenses requires the use of assumptions to estimate the amount of benefits that employees will earn while working, as well as the present value of those benefits. Annual pension expense is principally based on four components: (1) the value of benefits earned by employees for working during the year (service cost), (2) the increase in the liability due to the passage of time (interest cost), and (3) other gains and losses, reduced by (4) the expected return on plan assets for our pension plan.
Significant assumptions used to measure our annual pension expense include:
•the interest rate used to determine the present value of liabilities (discount rate);
•certain employee-related factors, such as turnover, retirement age and mortality;
•the expected return on assets in our funded pension plan; and
•the rate of salary increases where benefits are based on earnings.
Our assumptions reflect our historical experience and management’s best judgment regarding future expectations. Due to the significant management judgment involved, our assumptions could have a material impact on the measurement of our pension plan expense and obligation.
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Comparison of Results of Operations
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
Summary Discussion of Results
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $22.4 million, compared to $25.5 million for the first quarter of 2019. Diluted earnings per common share were $1.36 for the first quarter of 2020, compared to $1.62 for the first quarter of 2019. Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding were 16,425,881 for the first quarter of 2020, compared to 15,744,777 weighted average diluted common shares outstanding for the first quarter of 2019.
COVID-19 Considerations
Banking has been identified by federal and state governmental authorities to be an essential service and Park is fully committed to continue serving our customers and communities through the COVID-19 public health crisis. For those in our communities experiencing a financial hardship, Park offers various methods of support including loan modifications, payment deferral programs, participation in the CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") and various other case by case accommodations. Park has implemented various social distancing guidelines to help protect employees, such as allowing associates to work from home, where practical, while maintaining customer service via our online banking services, mobile app, ATMs, by keeping drive-thru lanes open to serve customers, and offering other banking services by appointment when necessary.
Park is committed to helping individuals and businesses in the communities it serves.
Paycheck Protection Program: Through May 5, 2020, Park had approved 4,323 loans under the PPP, with an estimated $547 million in total funding being made available. Through May 5, 2020, $518 million of the $547 million approved had been funded. Park will fund the PPP loans first with significant excess on balance sheet liquidity then with FHLB borrowings and potentially accessing the Federal Reserve's Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility.
Loan Modifications: As of April 30, 2020, Park had modified approximately 3,303 consumer loans, with an aggregate balance of $83 million, and modified approximately 1,274 commercial loans, with an aggregate balance of $580 million, in each case related to a hardship caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and responses thereto. Park is working with borrowers and providing modifications to include either interest only deferral or principal and interest deferral, in each case, for initial periods up to 90 days. Modifications are structured in a manner to best address each individual customer's current situation. A majority of these modifications are excluded from TDR classification under Section 4013 of the CARES Act or under applicable interagency guidance of the federal banking regulators. Modified loans will be considered current and will continue to accrue interest during the deferral period.
Detail of COVID-19 modifications on selected commercial loan portfolios though April 30, 2020 follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 30, 2020 Total Balance |  | April 30, 2020 Balance Modified |  | Percent Modified
Loans to Non-Bank Consumer Finance Companies |  | $ | 255,299 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
Hotel Loans |  | 207,834 |  |  | 143,489 |  |  | 69.0 | %
Restaurant Loans |  | 54,598 |  |  | 12,177 |  |  | 22.3 | %
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Loans |  | 44,460 |  |  | 16,654 |  |  | 37.5 | %
Healthcare and Social Assistance Loans |  | 226,661 |  |  | 38,773 |  |  | 17.1 | %
Real Estate Rental and Leasing Loans |  | 1,285,690 |  |  | 240,727 |  |  | 18.7 | %
Other Loans |  | 1,994,520 |  |  | 128,556 |  |  | 6.4 | %
Total Commercial Loans |  | $ | 4,069,062 |  |  |  | $ | 580,376 |  |  | 14.3 | %

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Detail of COVID-19 modifications on consumer loan portfolios through April 30, 2020 follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | April 30, 2020 Total Balance |  | April 30, 2020 Balance Modified |  | Percent Modified
Home equity |  | $ | 215,581 |  |  | $ | 2,380 |  |  | 1.1 | %
Installment |  | 1,435,881 |  |  | 38,738 |  |  | 2.7 | %
Real estate |  | 1,294,155 |  |  | 39,367 |  |  | 3.0 | %
Guardian |  | 21,113 |  |  | 2,095 |  |  | 9.9 | %
Total Consumer Loans |  | $ | 2,966,730 |  |  | $ | 82,580 |  |  | 2.8 | %

Financial Results by Segment
The following table reflects the net income (loss) by segment for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Park's segments include PNB, GFSC and "All Other" which primarily consists of Park as the "Parent Company" and SEPH. SEPH is a non-bank subsidiary of Park, holding former Vision Bank OREO property and non-performing loans.

Net income (loss) by segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
PNB | $ | 25,908 |  |  | $ | 26,692 |  |  | $ | 113,600 |  |  | $ | 109,472 |
GFSC | 112 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 762 |  |  | 521 |
All Other | (3,648) |  |  | (1,524) |  |  | (11,662) |  |  | 394 |
Total Park | $ | 22,372 |  |  | $ | 25,455 |  |  | $ | 102,700 |  |  | $ | 110,387 |

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 of $22.4 million represented a $3.1 million, or 12.1%, decrease compared to $25.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Net income for both the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2019 included several items of income and expense that impacted comparability of period results. These items are detailed in the "Items Impacting Comparability" section below.
For the first quarter of 2020, Park continued its historically strong financial performance, with adequate capital and liquidity, and is well prepared to support our employees, customers and communities in these difficult times.
The following discussion provides additional information regarding the two segments that make up Park's ongoing operations, followed by additional information regarding All Other, which consists of the Parent Company and SEPH.
The Park National Bank (PNB)
In 2020, Park will execute a rebranding initiative to operate all 12 banking divisions of PNB under one name. The banking divisions will discontinue use of their respective former bank division names and logos; and they will share new, unified PNB branding in all marketing and communications to the communities they serve. This rebranding will make it easier for bank customers and prospective customers to recognize and access the full depth and breadth of the banking organization. Leadership structure, service style, and local community involvement will not be affected by the rebranding.
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The table below reflects PNB's net income for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

(In thousands) | Q1 2020 | Q1 2019 | 2019 | 2018
Net interest income | $ | 75,214 |  | $ | 66,282 |  | $ | 293,130 |  | $ | 258,547 |
Provision for loan losses | 5,534 |  | 2,440 |  | 8,356 |  | 7,569 |
Other income | 23,481 |  | 20,708 |  | 92,392 |  | 88,981 |
Other expense | 61,368 |  | 51,974 |  | 237,433 |  | 206,843 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 31,793 |  | $ | 32,576 |  | $ | 139,733 |  | $ | 133,116 |
Income tax expense | 5,885 |  | 5,884 |  | 26,133 |  | 23,644 |
Net income | $ | 25,908 |  | $ | 26,692 |  | $ | 113,600 |  | $ | 109,472 |

Net interest income of $75.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 represented a $8.9 million, or 13.5%, increase compared to $66.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was a result of a $7.1 million increase in interest income, and a $1.8 million decrease in interest expense.
The $7.1 million increase in interest income was primarily due to a $8.8 million increase in interest income on loans, partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in investment income. The increase in interest income on loans was partially the result of a $793.8 million increase in average loans from $5.67 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019, to $6.46 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in average loans was partially offset by the decrease in the yield on loans, which decreased 11 basis points to 4.95% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 5.06% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Interest income was impacted by the the acquisition of CAB Financial Corporation, the parent of Carolina Alliance on April 1, 2019. The Carolina Alliance Bank Division contributed an aggregate of $7.6 million to interest income at PNB during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in investment income was partially the result of a $98.6 million decrease in average investments from $1.41 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to $1.22 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was also the result of a decrease in the yield on investments, which decreased 9 basis points to 2.73% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to 2.82% for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
The $1.8 million decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a $1.5 million decrease in interest expense on borrowings as well as a $240,000 decrease in interest expense on deposits. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings was partially the result of a $299.7 million decrease in average borrowings from $657.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, to $357.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The cost of borrowings also decreased 3 basis points, from 2.08% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 2.05% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in interest expense on interest-bearing deposits was the result of a decrease in the cost of deposits of 16 basis points from 0.97% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 0.81% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This was partially offset by a $723.9 million increase in average interest-bearing deposits from $4.53 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2019, to $5.26 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Interest expense was impacted by the acquisition of Carolina Alliance. The Carolina Alliance Bank Division contributed an aggregate of $1.4 million to interest expense at PNB during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The provision for loan losses of $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 represented an increase of $3.1 million, compared to $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Refer to the “Credit Metrics and Provision for Loan Losses” section for additional details regarding the level of the provision for loan losses recognized in each period presented above.
Other income of $23.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 represented an increase of $2.8 million, or 13.4%, compared to $20.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The $2.8 million increase was primarily related to a $949,000 increase in other service income, primarily related to an increase in fee income related to mortgage loan originations and investor rate locks, (partially offset by a decrease in mortgage servicing rights), a $793,000 increase in other components of net periodic benefit income, a $591,000 increase in debit card fee income, a $390,000 increase in income from fiduciary activities, and a $267,000 increase in bank owned life insurance income, which increases were partially offset by a $287,000 decrease in gains from capital investments, a $184,000 decrease in gain (loss) on sale of OREO, net, and a $136,000 decrease in gain (loss) on equity securities, net. Other income was impacted by the acquisition of Carolina Alliance. The Carolina Alliance Bank Division contributed an aggregate of $1.6 million to other income at PNB during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
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The table below reflects PNB's other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

(In thousands) | Q1 2020 | Q1 2019 | change | % change
Other expense: |  |  |  |
Salaries | $ | 26,897 |  | $ | 24,220 |  | $ | 2,677 |  | 11.1 | %
Employee benefits | 9,731 |  | 8,254 |  | 1,477 |  | 17.9 | %
Occupancy expense | 3,421 |  | 2,948 |  | 473 |  | 16.0 | %
Furniture and equipment expense | 4,304 |  | 4,140 |  | 164 |  | 4.0 | %
Data processing fees | 2,485 |  | 2,046 |  | 439 |  | 21.5 | %
Professional fees and services | 5,129 |  | 4,369 |  | 760 |  | 17.4 | %
Marketing | 1,483 |  | 1,215 |  | 268 |  | 22.1 | %
Insurance | 1,379 |  | 1,007 |  | 372 |  | 36.9 | %
Communication | 1,086 |  | 1,254 |  | (168) |  | (13.4) | %
State tax expense | 935 |  | 808 |  | 127 |  | 15.7 | %
Amortization of intangible assets | 606 |  | 289 |  | 317 |  | 109.7 | %
Miscellaneous | 3,912 |  | 1,424 |  | 2,488 |  | 174.7 | %
Total other expense | $ | 61,368 |  | $ | 51,974 |  | $ | 9,394 |  | 18.1 | %

Other expense of $61.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 represented an increase of $9.4 million, or 18.1%, compared to $52.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in salaries expense was primarily related to increases in base salary expense, partially offset by a decrease in incentive compensation and long-term incentive plan expense. The increase in employee benefits expense was primarily related to increased pension plan expense, group insurance costs, and defined contribution plan expense. The increase in occupancy expense was primarily the result of increased lease expense and depreciation on premises. The increase in data processing fees was primarily related to increased debit card processing expense, resulting from increased transactions as well as card production costs. The increase in professional fees and services was primarily related to increased title, appraisal and credit costs, as well as increases in management and consulting fees, which included $102,000 in rebranding initiative related expenses. The increase in miscellaneous expense was primarily related to a $1.8 million prepayment penalty on FHLB borrowings of $50 million repaid during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Other expense was impacted by the acquisition of Carolina Alliance. Of the $61.4 million of total other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Carolina Alliance Bank Division's total other expense was $4.7 million.
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The table below reflects PNB's other expense less the impact of Carolina Alliance Bank Division for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

(In thousands) | Q1 2020 | Q1 2019 | change | % change
Other expense: |  |  |  |
Salaries | $ | 24,959 |  | $ | 24,220 |  | $ | 739 |  | 3.1 | %
Employee benefits | 9,122 |  | 8,254 |  | 868 |  | 10.5 | %
Occupancy expense | 2,983 |  | 2,948 |  | 35 |  | 1.2 | %
Furniture and equipment expense | 4,075 |  | 4,140 |  | (65) |  | (1.6) | %
Data processing fees | 2,415 |  | 2,046 |  | 369 |  | 18.0 | %
Professional fees and services | 4,844 |  | 4,369 |  | 475 |  | 10.9 | %
Marketing | 1,385 |  | 1,215 |  | 170 |  | 14.0 | %
Insurance | 1,218 |  | 1,007 |  | 211 |  | 21.0 | %
Communication | 1,050 |  | 1,254 |  | (204) |  | (16.3) | %
State tax expense | 933 |  | 808 |  | 125 |  | 15.5 | %
Amortization of intangible assets | 328 |  | 289 |  | 39 |  | 13.5 | %
Miscellaneous | 3,401 |  | 1,424 |  | 1,977 |  | 138.8 | %
Total other expense | $ | 56,713 |  | $ | 51,974 |  | $ | 4,739 |  | 9.1 | %

Excluding the impact of the Carolina Alliance Bank Division, other expense of $56.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 represented an increase of $4.7 million, or 9.1%, compared to $52.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in salaries expense was primarily related to increases in base salary expense, partially offset by a decrease in incentive compensation and long-term incentive plan expense. The increase in employee benefits expense was primarily related to increased pension plan expense, group insurance costs, and defined contribution plan expense. The increase in data processing fees was primarily related to increased debit card processing expense, resulting from increased transactions as well as card production costs. The increase in professional fees and services was primarily related to increased title, appraisal and credit costs, as well as increases in management and consulting fees. The increase in miscellaneous expense was primarily related to a $1.8 million prepayment penalty on FHLB borrowings of $50 million repaid during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The table below provides certain balance sheet information and financial ratios for PNB at or for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and at or for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.

(In thousands) | March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | March 31, 2019 |  | % change from 12/31/19 | % change from 03/31/19
Loans | $ | 6,503,053 |  | $ | 6,481,644 |  | $ | 5,719,373 |  |  | 0.33 | % | 13.70 | %
Allowance for loan losses | 59,484 |  | 54,692 |  | 51,064 |  |  | 8.76 | % | 16.49 | %
Net loans | 6,443,569 |  | 6,426,952 |  | 5,668,309 |  |  | 0.26 | % | 13.68 | %
Investment securities | 1,245,778 |  | 1,271,817 |  | 1,390,627 |  |  | (2.05) | % | (10.42) | %
Total assets | 8,673,683 |  | 8,521,537 |  | 7,801,148 |  |  | 1.79 | % | 11.18 | %
Total deposits | 7,355,407 |  | 7,125,111 |  | 6,418,471 |  |  | 3.23 | % | 14.60 | %
Average assets (1) | 8,637,420 |  | 8,425,536 |  | 7,783,150 |  |  | 2.51 | % | 10.98 | %
Efficiency ratio (2) | 61.73 | % | 61.12 | % | 59.25 | % |  | 1.00 | % | 4.19 | %
Return on average assets (3) | 1.21 | % | 1.35 | % | 1.39 | % |  | (10.37) | % | (12.95) | %

(1) Average assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(2) Calculated utilizing fully taxable equivalent net interest income which includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 21% federal corporate income tax rate. The taxable equivalent adjustments were $725,000 and $734,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(3) Annualized for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
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Loans outstanding at March 31, 2020 were $6.50 billion, compared to $6.48 billion at December 31, 2019, an increase of $21.4 million, or 0.33%. Loans outstanding at March 31, 2020 were $6.50 billion, compared to $5.72 billion at March 31, 2019, an increase of $783.7 million, or 13.7%. Excluding $563.9 million of loans at the Carolina Alliance Bank Division at March 31, 2020, loans outstanding at March 31, 2020 were $5.94 billion, compared to $5.72 billion at March 31, 2019, an increase of $219.7 million, or 3.8%. The table below breaks out the change in loans outstanding, by loan type.

PNB |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 |  | change | % change
Home equity | $ | 220,668 |  | $ | 224,857 |  |  | $ | (4,189) |  | (1.9) | %
Installment | 1,438,842 |  | 1,431,197 |  |  | 7,645 |  | 0.5 | %
Real estate | 1,282,279 |  | 1,275,154 |  |  | 7,125 |  | 0.6 | %
Commercial | 3,558,669 |  | 3,545,467 |  |  | 13,202 |  | 0.4 | %
Other | 2,595 |  | 4,969 |  |  | (2,374) |  | (47.8) | %
Total loans | $ | 6,503,053 |  | $ | 6,481,644 |  |  | $ | 21,409 |  | 0.3 | %

The table below breaks out the change in loans outstanding, excluding those at the Carolina Alliance Bank Division, by loan type.

PNB less Carolina Alliance Bank Division |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 |  | change | % change
Home equity | $ | 187,112 |  | $ | 208,452 |  |  | $ | (21,340) |  | (10.2) | %
Installment | 1,435,313 |  | 1,288,904 |  |  | 146,409 |  | 11.4 | %
Real estate | 1,231,020 |  | 1,201,999 |  |  | 29,021 |  | 2.4 | %
Commercial | 3,083,123 |  | 3,015,008 |  |  | 68,115 |  | 2.3 | %
Other | 2,553 |  | 5,010 |  |  | (2,457) |  | (49.0) | %
Total loans | $ | 5,939,121 |  | $ | 5,719,373 |  |  | $ | 219,748 |  | 3.8 | %

PNB's allowance for loan losses increased by $4.8 million, or 8.8%, to $59.5 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $54.7 million at December 31, 2019. Net charge-offs were $742,000, or 0.05% of total average loans (annualized), for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and were $2.7 million, or 0.04% of total average loans, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. Refer to the “Credit Metrics and Provision for Loan Losses” section for additional information regarding PNB's loan portfolio and the level of provision for loan losses recognized in each period presented.
Total deposits at March 31, 2020 were $7.36 billion, compared to $7.13 billion at December 31, 2019, an increase of $230.3 million, or 3.2%. Total deposits at March 31, 2020 were $7.36 billion, compared to $6.42 billion at March 31, 2019, an increase of $936.9 million, or 14.6%. Excluding $630.5 million of total deposits at the Carolina Alliance Bank Division at March 31, 2020, total deposits at March 31, 2020 were $6.72 billion, compared to $6.42 billion at March 31, 2019, an increase of $306.4 million, or 4.8%. The table below breaks out the change in deposit balances, by deposit type.

PNB |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 |  | change | % change
Non-interest bearing deposits | $ | 2,045,377 |  | $ | 2,036,359 |  |  | $ | 9,018 |  | 0.4 | %
Transaction accounts | 1,798,721 |  | 1,628,741 |  |  | 169,980 |  | 10.4 | %
Savings | 2,450,474 |  | 2,320,880 |  |  | 129,594 |  | 5.6 | %
Certificates of deposits | 1,060,835 |  | 1,139,131 |  |  | (78,296) |  | (6.9) | %
Total deposits | $ | 7,355,407 |  | $ | 7,125,111 |  |  | $ | 230,296 |  | 3.2 | %

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The table below breaks out the change in deposit balances, excluding those at the Carolina Alliance Bank Division, by deposit type.

PNB less Carolina Alliance Bank Division |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 |  | change | % change
Non-interest bearing deposits | $ | 1,907,905 |  | $ | 1,864,932 |  |  | $ | 42,973 |  | 2.3 | %
Transaction accounts | 1,573,042 |  | 1,418,759 |  |  | 154,283 |  | 10.9 | %
Savings | 2,327,441 |  | 2,151,797 |  |  | 175,644 |  | 8.2 | %
Certificates of deposits | 916,470 |  | 982,983 |  |  | (66,513) |  | (6.8) | %
Total deposits | $ | 6,724,858 |  | $ | 6,418,471 |  |  | $ | 306,387 |  | 4.8 | %

Guardian Financial Services Company (GFSC)
The table below reflects GFSC's net income for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. During 2020, Park made the decision to no longer seek new loans through the GFSC subsidiary.

(In thousands) | Q1 2020 | Q1 2019 | 2019 | 2018
Net interest income | $ | 1,152 |  | $ | 1,325 |  | $ | 5,013 |  | $ | 5,048 |
Provision for loan losses | 277 |  | 145 |  | 754 |  | 1,328 |
Other income | 32 |  | 32 |  | 170 |  | 187 |
Other expense | 765 |  | 845 |  | 3,478 |  | 3,245 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 142 |  | $ | 367 |  | $ | 951 |  | $ | 662 |
Income tax expense | 30 |  | 80 |  | 189 |  | 141 |
Net income | $ | 112 |  | $ | 287 |  | $ | 762 |  | $ | 521 |

The table below provides certain balance sheet information and financial ratios for GFSC as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and as of or for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.

(In thousands) | March 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | March 31, 2019 |  | % change from 12/31/19 | % change from 03/31/19
Loans | $ | 24,954 |  | $ | 28,143 |  | $ | 31,098 |  |  | (11.33) | % | (19.76) | %
Allowance for loan losses | 2,019 |  | 1,987 |  | 2,304 |  |  | 1.61 | % | (12.37) | %
Net loans | 22,935 |  | 26,156 |  | 28,794 |  |  | (12.31) | % | (20.35) | %
Total assets | 24,354 |  | 27,593 |  | 30,238 |  |  | (11.74) | % | (19.46) | %
Average assets (1) | 26,746 |  | 29,119 |  | 30,782 |  |  | (8.15) | % | (13.11) | %
Return on average assets (2) | 1.69 | % | 2.62 | % | 3.78 | % |  | (35.50) | % | (55.29) | %

(1) Average assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(2) Annualized for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
All Other
The table below reflects All Other net (loss) income for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
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(In thousands) | Q1 2020 | Q1 2019 | 2019 | 2018
Net interest (expense) income | $ | (83) |  | $ | 169 |  | $ | (406) |  | $ | 3,303 |
Recovery of loan losses | (658) |  | (87) |  | (2,939) |  | (952) |
Other (loss) income | (1,027) |  | 1,285 |  | 4,631 |  | 11,933 |
Other expense | 4,143 |  | 4,008 |  | 23,077 |  | 18,667 |
Net loss before income tax benefit | $ | (4,595) |  | $ | (2,467) |  | $ | (15,913) |  | $ | (2,479) |
Income tax benefit | (947) |  | (943) |  | (4,251) |  | (2,873) |
Net (loss) income | $ | (3,648) |  | $ | (1,524) |  | $ | (11,662) |  | $ | 394 |

The net interest (expense) income for All Other included, for all periods presented, interest income on subordinated debt investments in PNB, which were eliminated in the consolidated Park National Corporation totals, as well as interest income on SEPH impaired loan relationships.
Net interest (expense) income reflected net expense of $83,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to net income of $169,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The change was largely the result of an increase in borrowings at the Parent Company.
SEPH had net recoveries of $658,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $87,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
All Other had an other loss of $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to other income of $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The change was largely due to a $1.5 million decrease in income related to Partnership Investments, which went from a $1.1 million gain for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to a $455,000 loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and a $754,000 decrease in unrealized equity gain (loss), net, which went from a $70,000 unrealized gain for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to a $683,000 unrealized loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Park National Corporation
The table below reflects Park's consolidated net income for the first quarters of 2020 and 2019 and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

(In thousands) | Q1 2020 | Q1 2019 | 2019 | 2018
Net interest income | $ | 76,283 |  | $ | 67,776 |  | $ | 297,737 |  | $ | 266,898 |
Provision for loan losses | 5,153 |  | 2,498 |  | 6,171 |  | 7,945 |
Other income | 22,486 |  | 22,025 |  | 97,193 |  | 101,101 |
Other expense | 66,276 |  | 56,827 |  | 263,988 |  | 228,755 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 27,340 |  | $ | 30,476 |  | $ | 124,771 |  | $ | 131,299 |
Income tax expense | 4,968 |  | 5,021 |  | 22,071 |  | 20,912 |
Net income | $ | 22,372 |  | $ | 25,455 |  | $ | 102,700 |  | $ | 110,387 |

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Net Interest Income
Park’s principal source of earnings is net interest income, the difference between total interest income and total interest expense. Net interest income results from average balances outstanding for interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities in conjunction with the average rates earned and paid on them.
Comparison for the First Quarters of 2020 and 2019
Net interest income increased by $8.5 million, or 12.6%, to $76.3 million for the first quarter of 2020, compared to $67.8 million for the first quarter of 2019. See the discussion under the table below.

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | Three months ended March 31, 2019 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average balance | Interest | Tax equivalent yield/cost |  | Average balance | Interest | Tax equivalent yield/cost
Loans (1) |  | $ | 6,482,137 |  | $ | 80,827 |  | 5.02 | % |  | $ | 5,689,173 |  | $ | 72,148 |  | 5.14 | %
Taxable investments |  | 927,479 |  | 5,531 |  | 2.40 | % |  | 1,106,209 |  | 6,995 |  | 2.56 | %
Tax-exempt investments (2) |  | 302,622 |  | 2,785 |  | 3.70 | % |  | 304,982 |  | 2,806 |  | 3.73 | %
Money market instruments |  | 176,805 |  | 491 |  | 1.12 | % |  | 94,262 |  | 641 |  | 2.76 | %
Interest earning assets |  | $ | 7,889,043 |  | $ | 89,634 |  | 4.57 | % |  | $ | 7,194,626 |  | $ | 82,590 |  | 4.66 | %
Interest bearing deposits |  | $ | 5,260,385 |  | 10,627 |  | 0.81 | % |  | $ | 4,536,501 |  | 10,870 |  | 0.97 | %
Short-term borrowings |  | 202,665 |  | 462 |  | 0.92 | % |  | 255,436 |  | 739 |  | 1.17 | %
Long-term debt |  | 183,846 |  | 1,537 |  | 3.36 | % |  | 392,222 |  | 2,471 |  | 2.56 | %
Interest bearing liabilities |  | $ | 5,646,896 |  | $ | 12,626 |  | 0.90 | % |  | $ | 5,184,159 |  | $ | 14,080 |  | 1.10 | %
Excess interest earning assets |  | $ | 2,242,147 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,010,467 |  |  |
Tax equivalent net interest income |  |  | $ | 77,008 |  |  |  |  | $ | 68,510 |  |
Net interest spread |  |  |  | 3.67 | % |  |  |  | 3.56 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  | 3.93 | % |  |  |  | 3.86 | %

(1) Loan interest income includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 21% federal corporate income tax rate. The taxable equivalent adjustment was $140,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $145,000 for the same period of 2019.
(2) Interest income on tax-exempt investment securities includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 21% federal corporate income tax rate. The taxable equivalent adjustment was $585,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $589,000 for the same period of 2019.
Average interest earnings assets for the first quarter of 2020 increased by $694 million, or 9.7%, to $7,889 million, compared to $7,195 million for the first quarter of 2019. The average yield on interest earning assets decreased by 9 basis points to 4.57% for the first quarter of 2020, compared to 4.66% for the first quarter of 2019.
Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included purchase accounting accretion of $1.3 million related to the acquisitions of NewDominion and Carolina Alliance. Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 included purchase accounting accretion of $229,000 related to the acquisition of NewDominion. Excluding the impact of these items, the yield on loans was 4.93% and 5.12% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and the yield on earning assets was 4.50% and 4.64% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Average interest bearing liabilities for the first quarter of 2020 increased by $463 million, or 8.9%, to $5,647 million, compared to $5,184 million for the first quarter of 2019. The average cost of interest bearing liabilities decreased by 20 basis points to 0.90% for the first quarter of 2020, compared to 1.10% for the first quarter of 2019.
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included a benefit from purchase accounting accretion of $90,000 related to the acquisitions of NewDominion and Carolina Alliance. Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 included $37,000 of purchase accounting accretion related to the acquisition of NewDominion. Excluding the impact of these items, the average cost of interest bearing liabilities was 0.91% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and was 1.10% for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
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Removing the impacts of the accretion of purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisitions of NewDominion and Carolina Alliance, the net interest margin was 3.85% and 3.84% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Yield on Loans: Average loan balances increased $793 million, or 13.9%, to $6,482 million for the first quarter of 2020, compared to $5,689 million for the first quarter of 2019. The average yield on the loan portfolio decreased by 12 basis points to 5.02% for the first quarter of 2020, compared to 5.14% for the first quarter of 2019.
The table below shows the average balance and tax equivalent yield by type of loan for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | Three months ended March 31, 2019 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average balance |  | Tax equivalent yield |  | Average balance |  | Tax equivalent yield
Home equity |  | $ | 223,069 |  |  | 4.77 | % |  | $ | 211,548 |  |  | 5.69 | %
Installment loans |  | 1,459,790 |  |  | 5.35 | % |  | 1,308,379 |  |  | 5.28 | %
Real estate loans |  | 1,267,754 |  |  | 4.27 | % |  | 1,202,748 |  |  | 4.28 | %
Commercial loans (1) |  | 3,527,269 |  |  | 5.15 | % |  | 2,961,772 |  |  | 5.38 | %
Other |  | 4,255 |  |  | 11.54 | % |  | 4,726 |  |  | 11.87 | %
Total loans and leases before allowance |  | $ | 6,482,137 |  |  | 5.02 | % |  | $ | 5,689,173 |  |  | 5.14 | %

(1) Commercial loan interest income includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 21% federal corporate income tax rate. The taxable equivalent adjustment was $140,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $145,000 for the same period of 2019.
Loan interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included the accretion of purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisitions of NewDominion and Carolina Alliance. Excluding this income, the yield on home equity loans was 4.60%, the yield on installment loans was 5.34%, the yield on real estate loans was 4.24%, the yield on commercial loans was 5.01% and the yield on total loans and leases before allowance was 4.93%.
Loan interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 includes the accretion of purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisition of NewDominion. Excluding this income, the yield on home equity loans was 5.62%, the yield on real estate loans was 4.24%, the yield on commercial loans was 5.37% and the yield on total loans and leases before allowance was 5.12%.
Cost of Deposits: Average interest bearing deposit balances increased $724 million, or 16.0%, to $5,260 million for the first quarter of 2020, compared to $4,536 for the first quarter of 2019. The average cost of funds on deposit balances decreased by 16 basis points to 0.81% for the first quarter of 2020, compared to 0.97% for the first quarter of 2019.
The table below shows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the average balance and cost of funds by type of deposit.

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  | Three months ended March 31, 2019 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average balance |  | Cost of funds |  | Average balance |  | Cost of funds
Transaction accounts |  | $ | 1,714,506 |  |  | 0.59 | % |  | $ | 1,416,043 |  |  | 0.73 | %
Savings deposits and clubs |  | 2,435,260 |  |  | 0.63 | % |  | 2,086,991 |  |  | 0.89 | %
Time deposits |  | 1,110,619 |  |  | 1.55 | % |  | 1,033,467 |  |  | 1.48 | %
Total interest bearing deposits |  | $ | 5,260,385 |  |  | 0.81 | % |  | $ | 4,536,501 |  |  | 0.97 | %

Deposit interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included the accretion of purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisitions of NewDominion and Carolina Alliance. Excluding this income, the cost of funds for time deposits was 1.58% and the cost of total interest bearing deposits was 0.82%.
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Deposit interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 included the accretion of purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisition of NewDominion. Excluding these items, the cost of funds for cost of time deposits was 1.50% and the cost of total interest bearing deposits was 0.98%.
Yield on Average Interest Earning Assets: The following table shows the tax equivalent yield on average interest earning assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

|  | Loans (1) (3) |  | Investments (2) |  | Money Market Instruments |  | Total(3)
2017 - year |  | 4.69 | % |  | 2.47 | % |  | 1.18 | % |  | 4.08 | %
2018 - year |  | 4.98 | % |  | 2.72 | % |  | 1.93 | % |  | 4.46 | %
2019 - year |  | 5.19 | % |  | 2.76 | % |  | 2.33 | % |  | 4.70 | %
2020 - first three months |  | 5.02 | % |  | 2.72 | % |  | 1.12 | % |  | 4.57 | %

(1) Loan interest income includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 21% federal corporate income tax rate for 2020, 2019 and 2018 and a 35% federal corporate income tax rate for 2017. The taxable equivalent adjustment was $140,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and $576,000, $528,000 and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(2) Interest income on tax-exempt investment securities includes the effects of taxable equivalent adjustments using a 21% federal corporate income tax rate for 2020, 2019 and 2018 and a 35% federal corporate income tax rate for 2017. The taxable equivalent adjustment was $585,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and $2.4 million, $2.3 million and $3.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(3) Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 included $77,000, $256,000, $3.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively, related to payments received on former Vision Bank impaired loan relationships, some of which are participated with PNB, as well as $1.3 million, $5.2 million and $1.1 million of the accretion of purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisitions of NewDominion and Carolina Alliance for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Excluding these sources of income, the yield on loans was 4.92%, 5.09%, 4.89% and 4.66%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and the yield on earning assets was 4.49%, 4.62%, 4.40% and 4.05%, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Cost of Average Interest Bearing Liabilities: The following table shows the cost of funds on average interest bearing liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

|  | Interest bearing deposits (1) |  | Short-term borrowings |  | Long-term debt |  | Total (1)
2017 - year |  | 0.44 | % |  | 0.43 | % |  | 2.86 | % |  | 0.80 | %
2018 - year |  | 0.72 | % |  | 0.74 | % |  | 2.38 | % |  | 0.86 | %
2019 - year |  | 1.01 | % |  | 1.15 | % |  | 2.77 | % |  | 1.12 | %
2020 - first three months |  | 0.81 | % |  | 0.92 | % |  | 3.36 | % |  | 0.90 | %

(1) Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 included $90,000, $593,000 and $287,000 of the accretion of purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisitions of NewDominion (for all periods) and Carolina Alliance (for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019). Excluding this income, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the cost of funds on interest bearing deposits was 0.82%, 1.02% and 0.73%, respectively, and the cost of interest bearing liabilities was 0.91%, 1.13% and 0.86%, respectively.
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Credit Metrics and Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses is the amount added to the allowance for loan and lease losses to ensure the allowance is sufficient to absorb probable, incurred loan losses. The amount of the provision for loan losses is determined by management after reviewing the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, historic and current loan loss experience and current economic conditions.
The table below provides additional information on the provision for loan losses for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |
(Dollars in thousands) | 2020 | 2019
Allowance for loan losses: |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 56,679 |  | $ | 51,512 |
Charge-offs | 2,685 |  | 2,987 |
Recoveries | 2,356 |  | 2,345 |
Net charge-offs | 329 |  | 642 |
Provision for loan losses | 5,153 |  | 2,498 |
Ending balance | $ | 61,503 |  | 53,368 |
Net charge-offs as a % of average loans (annualized) | 0.02 | % | 0.05 | %

Loans acquired as part of the acquisitions of NewDominion and Carolina Alliance were recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition. An allowance is only established on these loans as a result of credit deterioration post acquisition. As of March 31, 2020, there was no allowance related to performing acquired loans.
SEPH, as a non-bank subsidiary of Park, does not carry an ALLL balance, but recognizes a provision for loan losses when a charge-off is taken and recognizes a recovery of loan losses when a recovery is received.
The following table provides additional information related to the allowance for loan losses for Park including information related to specific reserves and general reserves, at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019.

Park - Allowance for Loan Losses |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
Total allowance for loan losses |  | $ | 61,503 |  |  | $ | 56,679 |  |  | $ | 53,368 |
Allowance on PCI loans |  | 119 |  |  | 268 |  |  | — |
Specific reserves |  | 5,531 |  |  | 5,230 |  |  | 2,468 |
General reserves |  | $ | 55,853 |  |  | $ | 51,181 |  |  | $ | 50,900 |
Total loans |  | $ | 6,522,519 |  |  | $ | 6,501,404 |  |  | $ | 5,740,760 |
PCI loans (1) |  | 13,765 |  |  | 14,331 |  |  | 3,362 |
Impaired commercial loans |  | 85,646 |  |  | 77,459 |  |  | 50,881 |
Non-impaired loans |  | $ | 6,423,108 |  |  | $ | 6,409,614 |  |  | $ | 5,686,517 |
Total allowance for loan losses to total loans ratio |  | 0.94 | % |  | 0.87 | % |  | 0.93 | %
General reserves as a % of non-impaired loans |  | 0.87 | % |  | 0.80 | % |  | 0.90 | %
General reserves as a % of total loans less non-impaired loans (excluding performing acquired loans) |  | 0.94 | % |  | 0.88 | % |  | 0.93 | %

(1) Excludes PCI loans which are individually evaluated for impairment due to additional credit deterioration post acquisition. These loans had a balance of $0, $5,000 and $924,000 at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
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The allowance for loan losses of $61.5 million at March 31, 2020 represented a $4.8 million, or 8.5%, increase compared to $56.7 million at December 31, 2019. This increase was the result of a $4.7 million increase in general reserves, a $301,000 increase in specific reserves and a $149,000 decrease in additional reserves on PCI loans. At March 31, 2020, no allowance had been established for performing acquired loans. The $4.7 million increase in general reserves was largely the result of the estimated increase in incurred losses as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This estimate was established based on consideration of Park's existing environmental loss factors as well as modification programs Park has put in place. Much is still unknown about the long-term economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and management will continue to evaluate this estimate of incurred losses as new information becomes available. See the section entitled "Allowance for loan losses" for further details.
Generally, management obtains updated valuations for all nonperforming loans at least annually. As new valuation information is received, management performs an evaluation and applies a discount for anticipated disposition costs to determine the net realizable value of the collateral, which is compared against the outstanding principal balance to determine if additional write-downs are necessary.
Nonperforming Assets: Nonperforming assets include: (1) loans whose interest is accounted for on a nonaccrual basis; (2) TDRs on accrual status; (3) loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments but whose interest continues to accrue; (4) OREO which results from taking possession of property that served as collateral for a defaulted loan; and (5) other nonperforming assets. At March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, other nonperforming assets consisted of aircraft acquired as part of a loan workout.
The following table compares Park’s nonperforming assets at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019.
Park National Corporation - Nonperforming Assets

(In thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
Nonaccrual loans |  | $ | 90,354 |  |  | $ | 90,080 |  |  | $ | 69,175 |
Accruing TDRs |  | 27,168 |  |  | 21,215 |  |  | 15,757 |
Loans past due 90 days or more |  | 1,789 |  |  | 2,658 |  |  | 1,539 |
Total nonperforming loans |  | $ | 119,311 |  |  | $ | 113,953 |  |  | $ | 86,471 |
OREO |  | 3,600 |  |  | 4,029 |  |  | 4,629 |
Other nonperforming assets - PNB |  | 3,599 |  |  | 3,599 |  |  | 3,496 |
Total nonperforming assets |  | $ | 126,510 |  |  | $ | 121,581 |  |  | $ | 94,596 |
Percentage of nonaccrual loans to total loans |  | 1.39 | % |  | 1.39 | % |  | 1.20 | %
Percentage of nonperforming loans to total loans |  | 1.83 | % |  | 1.75 | % |  | 1.51 | %
Percentage of nonperforming assets to total loans |  | 1.94 | % |  | 1.87 | % |  | 1.65 | %
Percentage of nonperforming assets to total assets |  | 1.45 | % |  | 1.42 | % |  | 1.20 | %

Included in the nonaccrual loan totals above were $1.6 million of SEPH nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2019. There were no SEPH nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019. Included in the OREO totals above were $929,000 of SEPH OREO at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and $1.5 million at March 31, 2019.
Impaired Loans: Park’s allowance for loan losses includes an allocation for loans specifically identified as impaired under U.S. GAAP. At March 31, 2020, loans considered to be impaired consisted substantially of commercial loans graded as "substandard" or “doubtful” and placed on non-accrual status. Specific reserves on impaired commercial loans are typically based on management’s best estimate of the fair value of collateral securing these loans. The amount ultimately charged off for these loans may be different from the specific reserve as the ultimate liquidation of the collateral may be for an amount different from management’s estimates.
When determining the quarterly loan loss provision, Park reviews the grades of commercial loans. These loans are graded from 1 to 8. A grade of 1 indicates little or no credit risk and a grade of 8 is considered a loss. Commercial loans that are pass-rated (graded an 1 through a 4) are considered to be of acceptable credit risk. Commercial loans graded a 5 (special mention) are considered to be watch list credits and a higher loan loss reserve percentage is allocated to these loans. Commercial loans graded a 6 (substandard), also considered to be watch list credits, represent higher credit risk than those rated special mention
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and, as a result, a higher loan loss reserve percentage is allocated to these loans. Commercial loans that are graded a 7 (doubtful) are shown as nonperforming and Park charges these loans down to their fair value by taking a partial charge-off or recording a specific reserve. Certain 6-rated loans and all 7-rated loans are included within the impaired category. A loan is deemed impaired when management determines that the borrower's ability to perform in accordance with the contractual loan agreement is in doubt. Any commercial loan graded an 8 (loss) is completely charged-off.
At March 31, 2020, Park had taken partial charge-offs of $733,000 related to the $85.6 million of commercial loans considered to be impaired, compared to partial charge-offs of $719,000 related to the $77.5 million of impaired commercial loans at December 31, 2019.
Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality: In conjunction with the NewDominion acquisition, Park acquired loans with deteriorated credit quality with a book value of $5.1 million which were recorded at the initial fair value of $4.9 million. In conjunction with the Carolina Alliance acquisition, Park acquired loans with deteriorated credit quality with a book value of $19.9 million which were recorded at the initial fair value of $18.4 million. The carrying amount of loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality at March 31, 2020 was $13.8 million, of which none was considered impaired due to additional credit deterioration or modification post acquisition. The $13.8 million were not included in impaired loan totals. The carrying amount of loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality at December 31, 2019 was $14.3 million, of which $5,000 was considered impaired due to additional credit deterioration or modification post acquisition. The remaining $14.3 million were not included in impaired loan totals.
Allowance for loan losses: Loss factors are reviewed quarterly and updated at least annually to reflect recent loan loss history and incorporate current risks and trends which may not be recognized in historical data. The historical loss factors were last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019 to incorporate losses through December 31, 2019.
The judgmental increases discussed below incorporate management’s evaluation of the impact of environmental qualitative factors which pose additional risks and assignment of a component of the allowance for loan losses in consideration of these factors. Such environmental qualitative factors include: global, national and local economic trends and conditions; experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff; effects of any changes in lending policies and procedures; and levels of, and trends in, consumer bankruptcies, delinquencies, impaired loans and charge-offs and recoveries. The determination of this component of the allowance for loan losses requires considerable management judgment. Actual loss experience may be more or less than the amount allocated.
Commercial Loans
Excluding acquired loans, the allowance for loan losses related to performing commercial loans was $37.3 million, or 1.22% of the outstanding principal balance of performing commercial loans at March 31, 2020. Excluding acquired loans, at March 31, 2020, the coverage level within the commercial loan portfolio was approximately 3.63 years compared to 3.40 years at December 31, 2019. Historical loss experience, defined as charge-offs plus changes in specific reserves, over the 120-month period ended December 31, 2019, for the commercial loan portfolio was 0.34%. This 120-month loss experience includes only the performance of the PNB loan portfolio and excludes the impact of PNB participations in Vision Bank loans.
Excluding acquired loans, the overall reserve of 1.22% for other accruing commercial loans breaks down as follows: pass-rated commercial loans are reserved at 1.20%; special mention commercial loans are reserved at 4.95%; and substandard commercial loans are reserved at 3.74%. The reserve levels for pass-rated, special mention and substandard commercial loans in excess of the 120-month loss experience of 0.34% are due to the following factors which management reviews on a quarterly or annual basis:
•Historical Loss Factor: Management updated the historical loss calculation during the fourth quarter of 2019, incorporating net charge-offs plus changes in specific reserves through December 31, 2019. With the addition of 2019 historical losses, management extended the historical loss period to 120 months from 108 months. The 120-month historical loss period captures all annual periods subsequent to June 2009, the end of the most recent recession, thus encompassing the full economic cycle to date.
•Loss Emergence Period Factor: At least annually, management calculates the loss emergence period for each commercial loan segment. The loss emergence period is calculated based upon the average period of time it takes from the probable occurrence of a loss event to the loan being moved to nonaccrual. If the loss emergence period for any commercial loan segment is greater than one year, management applies additional general reserves to all performing loans within that segment of the commercial loan portfolio. The loss emergence period was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019.
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•Loss Migration Factor: Park’s commercial loans are individually risk graded. If loan downgrades occur, the probability of default increases, and accordingly, management allocates a higher percentage reserve to those accruing commercial loans graded special mention and substandard. Annually, management calculates a loss migration factor for each commercial loan segment for special mention and substandard credits based on a review of losses over the period of time a loan takes to migrate from pass-rated to impaired. The loss migration factor was last updated in the fourth quarter of 2019.
•Environmental Loss Factor: Management has identified certain macroeconomic factors that trend in accordance with losses in Park’s commercial loan portfolio. Certain environmental loss factors have been determined to correlate with higher charge-offs while other adjustments are based on a subjective evaluation of other environmental loss factors. Environmental factors applicable to the commercial loan portfolio include: the Ohio unemployment rate, the percent change in Ohio GDP, the consumer confidence index, the prevalence of fixed rate loans in the portfolio and other environmental factors. In evaluating the ongoing relevance and amount of the other environmental factors, management considers: changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off and recovery practices, changes in national and local economic and business conditions, and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, and the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated losses in Park's existing portfolio. All of these factors are evaluated in relation to the historical look back period. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, such subjective environmental loss factor inputs accounted for approximately one half of the allowance for loan losses driven by environmental loss factors.
These macroeconomic factors are reviewed quarterly and the adjustments made to the environmental loss factor impacting each segment in the performing commercial loan portfolio correlate to changes in the macroeconomic environment. The environmental loss factors were updated in the first quarter of 2020 to consider the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors were increased from 0.60% at December 31, 2019 to 0.675% at March 31, 2020. This was the result of adjusting the factors for Ohio unemployment, percent change in Ohio GDP and the consumer confidence near the top end of Park's established range. This increase considered the current economic environment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, modification programs Park has put in place, and the overall uncertainty of the economic impact of the pandemic. Much is still unknown about the economic impact of COVID-19 including the duration of the pandemic, future government programs that may be established as a result of the pandemic, and the resiliency of the U.S. economy. Management will continue to evaluate this estimate of incurred losses as new information becomes available. Given uncertainty about the magnitude and length of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic shutdown, additional loan loss provisions may be required that would adversely impact earnings in future periods.
Consumer Loans
Generally, consumer loans are not individually graded. Consumer loans include: (1) mortgage and installment loans included in the construction real estate segment of the loan portfolio; (2) mortgage, home equity lines of credit ("HELOC"), and installment loans included in the residential real estate segment of the loan portfolio; and (3) all loans included in the consumer segment of the loan portfolio. The amount of loan loss reserve assigned to these loans is based on historical loss experience over the past 120 months, through December 31, 2019. Management generally considers a one-year coverage period (the “Historical Loss Factor”) appropriate because the probable loss on any given loan in the consumer loan pool should ordinarily become apparent in that time frame. However, management may incorporate adjustments to the Historical Loss Factor as circumstances warrant additional reserves (e.g., increased loan delinquencies, improving or deteriorating economic conditions, changes in lending management and changes in underwriting standards). Excluding acquired loans, at March 31, 2020, the coverage level within the consumer loan portfolio was approximately 2.13 years compared to 1.90 years at December 31, 2019. Historical loss experience, over the 120-month period ended December 31, 2019, for the consumer loan portfolio was 0.31%.
For the consumer portfolio, a specific COVID-19 factor was added to each segment equal to 25% of the 120-month historical loss factor. This increase considers the payment deferrals being provided to consumer loan customers as well as the likely delays in delinquencies and charge-offs as a result.
Purchased Loans
Loans acquired as part of the acquisition of NewDominion and Carolina Alliance were recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition. An allowance is only established on these loans as a result of credit deterioration post acquisition. At March 31, 2020, there was no allowance related to performing acquired loans. At March 31, 2020, a reserve of $119,000 had been established related to PCI loans.
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Current Expected Credit Losses: In June 2016, FASB issued A SU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new accounting guidance in this ASU replaces the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred to as the CECL model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables, HTM debt securities, and reinsurance receivables. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. The CECL model requires an entity to estimate credit losses over the life of an asset or off-balance sheet exposure. The new accounting guidance was to have been effective for Park for annual reporting periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019.
Section 4014 of the CARES Act provides financial institutions with optional temporary relief from having to comply with ASU 2016-13 including the CECL methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses. This temporary relief will expire on the earlier of the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak declared by the President on March 15, 2020 terminates or December 31, 2020, with adoption being applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2020.
Park elected to delay the implementation of CECL following the approval of the CARES Act. The CECL standard requires financial institutions to calculate an allowance utilizing a reasonable and supportable forecast period which Park has established as a one-year period. Much is still unknown about the economic impact of COVID-19 including the duration of the pandemic, future government programs that may be established as a result of the pandemic, and the resiliency of the U.S. economy, making any forecast subject to large fluctuations in the coming months. In this unprecedented situation, Park believes that adoption of the CECL model in the first quarter 2020 would have added an unnecessary level of subjectivity and volatility to the calculation of the allowance for credit losses.
With the delay, management is currently evaluating the impact of this new accounting guidance on Park's consolidated financial statements. Adoption will be applied through a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. Management has developed a quantitative credit model and is completing the process of validation. Management is still finalizing the analysis of qualitative factors to capture inherent risks which are not included within the quantitative credit model. Management, along with Park's CECL Committee, is in the process of implementing the accounting, processes, controls and governance required to comply with the new accounting guidance.
Based on a preliminary analysis performed as of December 31, 2019 and forecasts of macroeconomic conditions and exposures as of December 31, 2019, the transition adjustment that was to have been effective January 1, 2020 was not expected to generate an allowance to loans ratio more than 120% of the current recorded allowance at December 31, 2019. The Company is using a blend of multiple economic forecasts to estimate expected credit losses over a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period and then revert, over a one-year period, to longer term historical loss experience to arrive at lifetime expected credit losses. The estimated increase in the allowance for credit losses as compared to Park's historical ALLL is primarily due to required increases for residential mortgage, home equity, and installment loans to address the requirement to estimate lifetime expected credit losses and the remaining length of time to maturity for these loans as well as an increase in reserves on acquired non-impaired loans which have low reserve levels under the incurred loss accounting guidance. Offsetting declines in the allowance are expected for commercial and commercial real estate loans due to their short-term nature. Additionally, management expects an increase in the allowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments.
While adoption of this ASU is expected to increase the allowance for credit losses, it will not change the overall credit risk in the Company's loan, lease and securities portfolios or the ultimate losses therein. The transition adjustment to increase the allowance will primarily result in a decrease to shareholders' equity, net of income taxes. The ultimate impact of the adoption of this ASU will depend on the composition of the loan, lease and securities portfolios, finalization of credit loss models, and macroeconomic conditions and forecast that exist at the date of adoption.
On March 27, 2020 Interagency Guidance was released with respect to the CECL Interim Final Capital Rule which allows banks that adopt CECL starting January 1, 2020 to use a transitional amount in regulatory capital for eight quarters, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of such capital benefit. Park will be able to take advantage of this regulatory capital relief upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13.
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Other Income
Other income increased by $461,000 to $22.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, compared to $22.0 million for the first quarter of 2019. Other income was impacted by the acquisition of Carolina Alliance. The Carolina Alliance Bank Division contributed an aggregate of $1.6 million to other income at Park for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily due to increases in other service income; other components of net periodic pension benefit income; debit card fee income; miscellaneous income; and income from fiduciary activities; partially offset by a decline in (loss) gain on equity securities, net.
The following table is a summary of the changes in the components of other income:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
Income from fiduciary activities |  | $ | 7,113 |  |  | $ | 6,723 |  |  | $ | 390 |
Service charges on deposit accounts |  | 2,528 |  |  | 2,559 |  |  | (31) |
Other service income |  | 3,766 |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 948 |
Debit card fee income |  | 4,960 |  |  | 4,369 |  |  | 591 |
Bank owned life insurance income |  | 1,248 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | 242 |
ATM fees |  | 412 |  |  | 440 |  |  | (28) |
Loss on sale of OREO, net |  | (196) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (184) |
(Loss) gain on equity securities, net |  | (973) |  |  | 1,742 |  |  | (2,715) |
Other components of net periodic pension benefit income |  | 1,988 |  |  | 1,183 |  |  | 805 |
Miscellaneous |  | 1,640 |  |  | 1,197 |  |  | 443 |
Total other income |  | $ | 22,486 |  |  | $ | 22,025 |  |  | $ | 461 |

Income from fiduciary activities, which represents revenue earned from Park's trust activities, increased by $390,000, or 5.8%, to $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $6.7 million for the same period in 2019. Fiduciary fees charged are generally based on the market value of customer accounts. The average market value for assets under management for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $5,860 million compared to $5,612 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Other service income increased by $948,000, or 33.6%, to $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $2.8 million for the same period of 2019. The primary reason for the increases was a $1.1 million increase in fee income related to mortgage loan originations and a $889,000 increase in income related to investor rate locks, partially offset by a $1.2 million decrease in mortgage servicing rights income. The $1.2 million descrease in mortgage servicing righs income was primarily the result of a $1.5 million increase in the valuation allowance of mortgage servicing rights.
Debit card fee income increased $591,000, or 13.5%, to $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $4.4 million for the same period in 2019. The increase in 2020 was attributable to a continued increase in the volume of debit card transactions and changes in our point of sale network. The number of transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased 6.5% from the same period in 2019.
(Loss) gain on equity securities, net decreased $2.7 million, to a net loss of $973,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to a net gain of $1.7 million for the same period in 2019. The $2.7 million decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was related to a $1.8 million decrease in the gain (loss) on equity securities held at NAV, which went from a $1.6 million gain for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to a $204,000 loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and a $890,000 decrease in unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities, which went from a $121,000 unrealized gain for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to a $769,000 unrealized loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Other components of net periodic benefit income increased by $805,000, or 68.0%, to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $1.2 million for the same period in 2019. The increase was largely due to an increase in the expected return on plan assets as a result of the increased value of plan assets. This increase corresponds with the increased pension service cost expense which is part of employee benefits expense below.
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Miscellaneous income increased by $443,000, or 37%, to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $1.2 million for the same period in 2019. The increase was largely due to a $472,000 increase in operating lease income.
Other Expense
Other expense increased by $9.4 million to $66.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, compared to $56.8 million for the first quarter of 2019. Other expense was impacted by the acquisition of Carolina Alliance. The Carolina Alliance Bank Division contributed an aggregate of $4.7 million to other expense at Park during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
The following table is a summary of the changes in the components of other expense:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change |
Salaries |  | $ | 28,429 |  |  | $ | 25,805 |  |  | $ | 2,624 |  |
Employee benefits |  | 10,043 |  |  | 8,430 |  |  | 1,613 |  |
Occupancy expense |  | 3,480 |  |  | 3,011 |  |  | 469 |  |
Furniture and equipment expense |  | 4,319 |  |  | 4,150 |  |  | 169 |  |
Data processing fees |  | 2,492 |  |  | 2,133 |  |  | 359 |  |
Professional fees and services |  | 7,066 |  |  | 6,006 |  |  | 1,060 |  |
Marketing |  | 1,486 |  |  | 1,226 |  |  | 260 |  |
Insurance |  | 1,550 |  |  | 1,156 |  |  | 394 |  |
Communication |  | 1,155 |  |  | 1,333 |  |  | (178) |  |
State tax expense |  | 1,145 |  |  | 1,005 |  |  | 140 |  |
Amortization of intangible assets |  | 606 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 317 |  |
Miscellaneous |  | 4,505 |  |  | 2,283 |  |  | 2,222 |  |
Total other expense |  | $ | 66,276 |  |  | $ | 56,827 |  |  | $ | 9,449 |  |

Salaries increased by $2.6 million, or 10.2%, to $28.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $25.8 million for the same period in 2019. The increase for the three months was due to a $3.5 million increase in salary expense, of which $1.8 million was related to the addition of employees of the Carolina Alliance Bank Division, partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in officer incentive compensation expense.
Employee benefits increased $1.6 million, or 19.1%, to $10.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $8.4 million for the same period in 2019. The $1.6 million increase for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was due to a $611,000 increase in pension service cost expense, a $483,000 increase in group insurance costs, a $227,000 increase related to Park's voluntary salary deferral plan and a $180,000 increase in payroll taxes.
Occupancy expense increased by $469,000, or 15.6%, to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $3.0 million for the same period in 2019. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily related to the addition of banking locations of the Carolina Alliance Bank Division.
Data processing fees increased by $359,000, or 16.8%, to $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $2.1 million for the same period in 2019. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily related to both increased data processing costs related to an increase in the volume of debit card transactions and increased card production costs, related to timing of ordering of bulk card plastic.
Professional fees and services increased $1.1 million, or 17.6%, to $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $6.0 million for the same period of 2019. This subcategory of total other expense includes legal fees, management consulting fees, credit costs, title and appraisal costs, director fees, audit fees, regulatory examination fees and membership in industry associations. The increase in professional fees and services expense was largely related to increased costs related to loan origination volume as well as increased audit fees, partially due to the Carolina Alliance acquisition.
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Insurance expense increased by $394,000, or 34.1%, to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $1.2 million for the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily related to increased FDIC insurance costs, due to both an increased assessment base and rate.
Amortization of intangible assets was $606,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and was $289,000 for the same period of 2019. The amortization of intangible assets was due to the core deposit intangibles from the acquisitions of both NewDominion and Carolina Alliance.
The subcategory "miscellaneous" other expense includes expenses for supplies, travel, charitable contributions, and other miscellaneous expense. The subcategory miscellaneous other expense increased $2.2 million, to $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to $2.3 million for the same period in 2019. The $2.2 million increase for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was related to a $1.8 million prepayment penalty on FHLB borrowings, a $509,000 increase in supplies expense (primarily related to outsourcing of statement printing and mailing which were partially offset by reduced postage costs, which reside in the communications expense subcategory), and a $456,000 increase in operating lease depreciation, partially offset by a $247,000 decrease in supplemental retirement expense and a $115,000 decrease in fraud losses.
Items Impacting Comparability
From time to time, revenue, expenses, and/or taxes are impacted by items judged by management of Park to be outside of ordinary banking activities and/or by items that, while they may be associated with ordinary banking activities, are so unusually large that their outsized impact is believed by management of Park at that time to be infrequent or short-term in nature. Most often, these items impacting comparability of period results result from merger and acquisition activities and revenue and expenses related to former Vision Bank loan relationships. In other cases, they may result from management's decisions associated with significant corporate actions outside of the ordinary course of business.
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The following table details those items which management believes impact the comparability of current and prior period amounts.

| THREE MONTHS ENDED |  |  |
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | March 31, 2020 | March 31, 2019 |  | Affected Line Item
Net interest income | $ | 76,283 |  | $ | 67,776 |  |  |
less purchase accounting accretion related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | 1,288 |  | 229 |  |  | Interest and fees on loans |
less purchase accounting accretion related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | 90 |  | 37 |  |  | Interest on deposits |
less interest income on former Vision Bank relationships | 77 |  | 7 |  |  | Interest and fees on loans |
Net interest income - adjusted | $ | 74,828 |  | $ | 67,503 |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | $ | 5,153 |  | $ | 2,498 |  |  |
less recoveries on former Vision Bank relationships | (764) |  | (100) |  |  | Provision for loan losses |
Provision for loan losses - adjusted | $ | 5,917 |  | $ | 2,598 |  |  |
Other income | $ | 22,486 |  | $ | 22,025 |  |  |
Other expense | $ | 66,276 |  | $ | 56,827 |  |  |
less merger-related expenses related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | 87 |  | (15) |  |  | Salaries |
less merger-related expenses related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | 9 |  | — |  |  | Furniture and equipment expense |
less merger-related expenses related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | 143 |  | 177 |  |  | Professional fees and services |
less merger-related expenses related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | 4 |  | 4 |  |  | Insurance |
less merger-related expenses related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | — |  | 94 |  |  | Miscellaneous |
less merger-related expenses related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | — |  | 16 |  |  | Data processing fees |
less rebranding initiative related expenses | 75 |  | — |  |  | Furniture and equipment expense |
less rebranding initiative related expenses | 117 |  | — |  |  | Professional fees and services |
less rebranding initiative related expenses | 2 |  | — |  |  | Communication |
less rebranding initiative related expenses | 76 |  | — |  |  | Miscellaneous |
less core deposit intangible amortization related to NewDominion and Carolina Alliance acquisitions | 606 |  | 289 |  |  | Amortization of intangible assets |
less FHLB prepayment penalty | 1,793 |  | — |  |  | Miscellaneous |
Other expense - adjusted | $ | 63,364 |  | $ | 56,262 |  |  |
Tax effect of adjustments to net income identified above (1) | $ | 146 |  | $ | 40 |  |  |
Net income - reported | $ | 22,372 |  | $ | 25,455 |  |  |
Net income - adjusted | $ | 22,919 |  | $ | 25,607 |  |  |

(1) The tax effect of adjustments to net income was calculated assuming a 21% federal corporate income tax rate.
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Income Tax
Income tax expense was $5.0 million for both the first quarter of 2020 and the first quarter of 2019. The effective income tax rate for the first quarter of 2020 was 18.2%, compared to 16.5% for the same period in 2019. The difference between the statutory federal corporate income tax rate of 21% and Park's effective income tax rate reflects permanent tax differences, primarily consisting of tax-exempt interest income from municipal investments and loans, qualified affordable housing and historical tax credits, bank owned life insurance income, and dividends paid on the common shares held within Park's salary deferral plan. Park expects permanent federal income tax differences for the 2020 year will be approximately $5.9 million.
Comparison of Financial Condition
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Changes in Financial Condition
Total assets increased by $160.9 million, or 1.9%, during the first three months of 2020 to $8,719 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $8,558 million at December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to the following:
•Cash and cash equivalents increased by $161.0 million, to $320.9 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $160.0 million at December 31, 2019. Money market instruments were $175.9 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $24.4 million at December 31, 2019 and cash and due from banks were $145.1 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $135.6 million at December 31, 2019.
•Loans increased by $21.1 million, or 0.3%, to $6,523 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $6,501 million at December 31, 2019.
•Operating lease ROU assets increased by $7.0 million, or 51.2%, to $20.7 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $13.7 million at December 31, 2019.
•Investment securities decreased $26.4 million, or 2.1%, to $1,253 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $1,280 million at December 31, 2019.
Total liabilities increased by $148.1 million, or 2.0%, during the first three months of 2020 to $7,737 million at March 31, 2020, from $7,589 million at December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to the following:
•Total deposits increased by $237.5 million, or 3.4%, to $7,290 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $7,053 million at December 31, 2019.
•Operating lease liabilities increased by $7.0 million, or 48.3%, to $21.5 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $14.5 million at December 31, 2019.
•Long-term borrowings decreased by $52.5 million, or 27.3%, to $140.0 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $192.5 million at December 31, 2019.
•Short-term borrowings decreased by $37.3 million, or 16.2%, to $193.4 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $230.7 million at December 31, 2019.
Total shareholders’ equity increased by $12.9 million, or 1.3%, to $981.9 million at March 31, 2020, from $969.0 million at December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to the following:
•Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes improved by $17.7 million during the period as a result of unrealized net holding gains on AFS debt securities, net of taxes, of $18.2 million, partially offset by an unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivatives, net of taxes, of $483,000.
•Retained earnings increased by $2.8 million during the period primarily as a result of net income of $22.4 million, partially offset by common share dividends of $20.1 million.
•Treasury shares increased by $5.0 million during the period as a result of the repurchase of treasury shares, partially offset by the issuance of treasury shares under share-based compensation awards (net of common shares withheld to pay employee income taxes).
Increases or decreases in the investment securities portfolio, short-term borrowings and long-term debt are greatly dependent upon the growth in loans and deposits. The primary objective of management is to grow loan and deposit totals. To the extent that management is unable to grow loan totals at a desired growth rate, additional investment securities may be acquired. Likewise, both short-term borrowings and long-term debt are utilized to fund the growth in earning assets if the growth in deposits and cash flow from operations are not sufficient to do so.
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Liquidity
Cash provided by operating activities was $8.8 million and $24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net income was the primary source of cash from operating activities for each three-month period.
Cash provided by investing activities was $32.7 million and cash used in investing activities was $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Proceeds from the sale, repayment, or maturity of investment securities provide cash and purchases of investment securities use cash. Net investment securities transactions provided cash of $48.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and provided cash of $47.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Another major use or source of cash in investing activities is the net increase or decrease in the loan portfolio. Cash used by the net increase in the loan portfolio was $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and was $47.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Cash provided by financing activities was $119.5 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. A major source of cash for financing activities is the net change in deposits. Deposits increased and provided $237.6 million and $64.4 million of cash for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Another major source/use of cash from financing activities is borrowings in the form of short-term borrowings and long-term debt. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net short-term borrowings decreased and used $37.3 million in cash and net long-term borrowings decreased and used $52.5 million in cash. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net short-term borrowings decreased and used $9.4 million in cash, and net long-term borrowings decreased and used $25.0 million in cash. Finally, cash declined by $20.0 million and $19.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, from the payment of dividends.
Effective liquidity management ensures that the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers, as well as the operating cash needs of the Corporation, are met. Funds are available from a number of sources, including the securities portfolio, the core deposit base, FHLB borrowings, the capability to securitize or package loans for sale, and a $15.0 million revolving line of credit with another financial institution, which had no outstanding balance as of March 31, 2020. The Corporation’s loan to asset ratio was 74.81% at March 31, 2020, compared to 75.97% at December 31, 2019 and 73.11% at March 31, 2019. Cash and cash equivalents were $320.9 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $160.0 million at December 31, 2019 and $187.5 million at March 31, 2019. Management believes that the present funding sources provide more than adequate liquidity for the Corporation to meet its cash flow needs.
Capital Resources
Shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2020 was $981.9 million, or 11.3% of total assets, compared to $969.0 million, or 11.3% of total assets, at December 31, 2019 and $845.0 million, or 10.8% of total assets, at March 31, 2019.
Financial institution regulators have established guidelines for minimum capital ratios for banks, thrifts and bank holding companies. Park has elected not to include the net unrealized gain or loss on AFS debt securities in computing regulatory capital. During the first quarter of 2015, Park adopted the Basel III regulatory capital framework as approved by the federal banking agencies. The adoption of this framework modified the calculation of the various capital ratios, added an additional ratio, common equity tier 1, and revised the adequately and well-capitalized thresholds under the prompt corrective action regulations applicable to PNB. Additionally, under this framework, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and stock repurchases, Park must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was fully phased in at 2.50% on January 1, 2019. The amounts shown below as the adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer includes the 2.50% buffer. The Federal Reserve Board also adopted requirements Park must maintain to be deemed "well-capitalized" and to remain a financial holding company.
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Park and PNB met each of the well capitalized ratio guidelines applicable to them at March 31, 2020. The following table indicates the capital ratios for PNB and Park at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

| As of March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Leverage |  | Tier 1 Risk-Based |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  | Total Risk-Based
The Park National Bank | 8.60 | % |  | 10.46 | % |  | 10.46 | % |  | 11.67 | %
Park National Corporation | 9.61 | % |  | 11.66 | % |  | 11.45 | % |  | 12.54 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio | 4.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer | 4.00 | % |  | 8.50 | % |  | 7.00 | % |  | 10.50 | %
Well capitalized ratio (PNB) | 5.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 6.50 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Well capitalized ratio (Park) | N/A |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | 10.00 | %

| As of December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Leverage |  | Tier 1 Risk-Based |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  | Total Risk-Based
The Park National Bank | 8.62 | % |  | 11.05 | % |  | 11.05 | % |  | 12.25 | %
Park National Corporation | 9.64 | % |  | 12.33 | % |  | 12.11 | % |  | 13.19 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio | 4.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 4.50 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer | 4.00 | % |  | 8.50 | % |  | 7.00 | % |  | 10.50 | %
Well capitalized ratio (PNB) | 5.00 | % |  | 8.00 | % |  | 6.50 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Well capitalized ratio (Park) | N/A |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | 10.00 | %

Contractual Obligations and Commitments
In the ordinary course of operations, Park enters into certain contractual obligations. Such obligations include the funding of operations through debt issuances as well as leases for premises. See page 71 of Park’s 2019 Form 10-K (Table 35) for disclosure concerning contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2019. There were no significant changes in contractual obligations and commitments during the first three months of 2020.
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
PNB is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include loan commitments and standby letters of credit. The instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements.
The exposure to credit loss (for PNB) in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for loan commitments and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. PNB uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Since many of the loan commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments to customers.
The total amounts of off-balance sheet financial instruments with credit risk were as follows:

(In thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Loan commitments |  | $ | 1,305,506 |  |  | $ | 1,309,896 |
Standby letters of credit |  | $ | 16,180 |  |  | $ | 17,195 |

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ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Management reviews interest rate sensitivity on a monthly basis by modeling the consolidated financial statements under various interest rate scenarios. The primary reason for these efforts is to guard Park from adverse impacts of unforeseen changes in interest rates. Management continues to believe that further changes in interest rates will have a small impact on net income, consistent with the disclosure on page 70 of Park’s 2019 Form 10-K.
On page 70 (Table 34) of Park’s 2019 Form 10-K, management reported that Park’s twelve-month cumulative rate sensitivity gap was a positive (assets exceeding liabilities) $302.6 million or 3.89% of total interest earning assets at December 31, 2019. At March 31, 2020, Park’s twelve-month cumulative rate sensitivity gap was a positive (assets exceeding liabilities) $252.4 million or 3.19% of total interest earning assets.
Management supplements the interest rate sensitivity gap analysis with periodic simulations of balance sheet sensitivity under various interest rate and what-if scenarios to better forecast and manage the net interest margin. Management uses a 50 basis point change in market interest rates per quarter for a total of 200 basis points per year in evaluating the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income and net income over a twelve-month horizon.
On page 71 of Park’s 2019 Form 10-K, management reported that at December 31, 2019, the earnings simulation model projected that net income would decrease by 1.9% using a rising interest rate scenario and increase by 0.5% using a declining interest rate scenario over the next year. At March 31, 2020, the earnings simulation model projected that net income would decrease by 3.0% using a rising interest rate scenario and would decrease by 5.3% in a declining interest rate scenario. At March 31, 2020, management continues to believe that gradual changes in interest rates (50 basis points per quarter for a total of 200 basis points per year) will have a small impact on net income.
ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
With the participation of the Chief Executive Officer (the principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer (the principal financial officer) of Park, Park’s management has evaluated the effectiveness of Park’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, Park’s Chief Executive Officer and Park’s Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer have concluded that:
•information required to be disclosed by Park in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the other reports that Park files or submits under the Exchange Act would be accumulated and communicated to Park’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure;
•information required to be disclosed by Park in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the other reports that Park files or submits under the Exchange Act would be recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and
•Park’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in Park’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during Park’s quarter ended March 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Park’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
There are no pending legal proceedings to which Park or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of their property is subject, except for routine legal proceedings which Park's subsidiaries are parties to incidental to their respective businesses. Park considers none of those proceedings to be material.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There are certain risks and uncertainties in our business that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. In “ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS” of Part I of Park’s 2019 Form 10-K, we included a detailed discussion of our risk factors. All of these risk factors should be read carefully in connection with evaluating our business and in connection with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any of the risks described in Park's 2019 Form 10-K could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results and the actual outcome of matters as to which forward-looking statements are made. These are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. In the first quarter of 2020, we identified the following additional risk factor:
Our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations have been, and will likely continue to be, adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created economic and financial disruptions that have adversely affected, and are likely to continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively affect our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the continued effectiveness of our business continuity plan (including work-from-home arrangements and staffing in operational facilities), the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on our employees, customers, clients, counterparties and service providers, as well as other market participants, and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to:
•Increased unemployment and decreased consumer confidence and business generally, leading to an increased risk of delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures.
•Ratings downgrades, credit deterioration and defaults in many industries, including, in particular, hotel, restaurant, arts, entertainment, and recreation, real estate, healthcare, and rental and leasing industries, as to which Park has already entered into modification as described under "Loan Modifications" in MD&A.
•A sudden and significant reduction in the valuation of the equity, fixed-income and commodity markets and the significant increase in the volatility of those markets.
•A decrease in the rates and yields on U.S. Treasury securities and the Federal Reserve target for the federal funds rate which may lead to decreased net interest income.
•Draws in credit lines as customers and clients seek to increase liquidity.
•Increased demands on capital and liquidity and potentially the ability to fund liquidity through historical means.
•A reduction in the value of the assets that the Company manages or otherwise administers or services for others, affecting related fee income and demand for the Company’s services.
•Heightened cybersecurity, information security and operational risks as a result of work-from-home arrangements.
Governmental authorities have taken unprecedented measures to provide economic assistance to individual households and businesses, stabilize the markets and support economic growth. The success of these measures is unknown and they may not be sufficient to fully mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, some measures, such as a suspension of mortgage and other loan payments and foreclosures, may have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. We also face an increased risk of litigation and governmental and regulatory scrutiny as a result of the effects of COVID-19 on market and economic conditions, actions governmental authorities take in response to those conditions, and our participation in government programs, such as the PPP.
The length of the pandemic and the efficacy of the extraordinary measures being put in place to address it are unknown. Until the pandemic subsides, we expect continued draws on lines of credit, reduced revenues and increased customer and client defaults, including defaults on unsecured loans. Even after the pandemic subsides, the global and U.S. economy may continue to experience a recession, and we anticipate our businesses would be materially and adversely affected by a prolonged
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recession. To the extent the pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a)Not applicable
(b)Not applicable
(c)The following table provides information concerning purchases of Park’s common shares made by or on behalf of Park or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, as well as the maximum number of common shares that may be purchased under Park’s previously announced stock repurchase authorizations to fund the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Employees (the "2017 Employees LTIP") and the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP") and Park's previously announced 2017 and 2019 stock repurchase authorizations:

Period |  | Total number of common shares purchased |  | Average price paid per common share |  | Total number of common shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | Maximum number of common shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1)
January 1 through January 31, 2020 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,408,747 |
February 1 through February 29, 2020 |  | 76,000 |  |  | 98.77 |  |  | 76,000 |  |  | 1,332,747 |
March 1 through March 31, 2020 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,332,747 |
Total |  | 76,000 |  |  | $ | 98.77 |  |  | 76,000 |  |  | 1,332,747 |

(1)The number shown represents, as of the end of each period, the maximum number of common shares that may yet be purchased as part of Park’s publicly announced stock repurchase authorizations to fund the 2017 Employees LTIP and to fund the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP, both of which became effective on April 24, 2017; Park's stock repurchase authorization covering 500,000 common shares which was announced on January 23, 2017; and Park's stock repurchase authorization covering 500,000 common shares which was announced on January 28, 2019 and as to which approval from the Federal Reserve was obtained in the form of correspondence from the Federal Reserve Bank dated April 19, 2019.
At the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on April 24, 2017, Park's shareholders approved the 2017 Employees LTIP and the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP. The common shares to be issued and delivered under the 2017 Employees LTIP and the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP may consist of either common shares currently held or common shares subsequently acquired by Park as treasury shares. No newly-issued common shares will be delivered under the 2017 Employees LTIP or the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP. On April 24, 2017, Park's Board of Directors authorized the purchase, from time to time, of up to 750,000 common shares and 150,000 common shares, respectively, to be held as treasury shares for subsequent issuance and delivery under the 2017 Employees LTIP and the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP.
On January 23, 2017, the Park Board of Directors authorized Park to purchase, from time to time, up to an aggregate of 500,000 Common Shares. On January 28, 2019, the Park Board of Directors authorized Park to repurchase, from time to time following receipt of any required approval from the Federal Reserve, up to 500,000 Park common shares in addition to the 500,000 Park common shares which had been authorized for repurchase by the Park Board of Directors on January 23, 2017 and remained available for repurchase as of January 28, 2019. The required approval was received by Park in the form of correspondence from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland dated April 19, 2019.
Purchases may be made through NYSE AMERICAN, in the over-the-counter market or in privately negotiated transactions, in each case in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and the rules applicable to issuers having securities listed on NYSE AMERICAN. Purchases will be made upon such terms and conditions and at such times and in such amounts as any one or more of the authorized officers of Park deem to be appropriate, subject to market conditions, regulatory requirements and other factors, and in the best interest of Park and Park's shareholders. The January 23, 2017 stock repurchase
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authorization and the January 28, 2019 stock repurchase authorization are distinct from the stock repurchase authorizations to fund the 2017 Employees LTIP and the 2017 Non-Employee Directors LTIP.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
(a), (b) Not applicable.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
(a), (b) Not applicable.
Item 6. Exhibits

| 2.1 |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization among Park National Corporation, The Park National Bank and NewDominion Bank, dated as of January 22, 2018 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Park National Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on January 26, 2018 (File No. 1-13006))*
| 2.2 |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of September 12, 2018, by and between Park National Corporation and CAB Financial Corporation (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Park National Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on September 14, 2018 (File No. 1-13006))*
| 3.1(a) | Articles of Incorporation of Park National Corporation as filed with the Ohio Secretary of State on March 24, 1992 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to Park National Corporation’s Form 8-B, filed on May 20, 1992 (File No. 0-18772) (“Park’s Form 8-B”)) P
| 3.1(b) | Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Park National Corporation as filed with the Ohio Secretary of State on May 6, 1993 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to Park National Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1993 (File No. 0-18772)) P
| 3.1(c) | Certificate of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Park National Corporation as filed with the Ohio Secretary of State on April 16, 1996 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to Park National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 1996 (File No. 1-13006))
| 3.1(d) | Certificate of Amendment by Shareholders to the Articles of Incorporation of Park National Corporation as filed with the Ohio Secretary of State on April 22, 1997 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a)(1) to Park National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1997 (File No. 1-13006) (“Park’s June 30, 1997 Form 10-Q”))
| 3.1(e) | Certificate of Amendment by Shareholders as filed with the Ohio Secretary of State on December 18, 2008 in order to evidence the adoption by the shareholders of Park National Corporation on December 18, 2008 of an amendment to Article FOURTH of Park National Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation to authorize Park National Corporation to issue up to 200,000 preferred shares, without par value (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Park National Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed December 19, 2008 (File No. 1-13006))
| 3.1(f) | Certificate of Amendment by Directors to Articles as filed with the Ohio Secretary of State on December 19, 2008, evidencing adoption of amendment by Board of Directors of Park National Corporation to Article FOURTH of Articles of Incorporation to establish express terms of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Shares, Series A, each without par value, of Park National Corporation (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Park National Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed December 23, 2008 (File No. 1-13006))

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| 3.1(g) | Certificate of Amendment by Shareholders as filed with the Ohio Secretary of State on April 18, 2011 in order to evidence the adoption by Park National Corporation’s shareholders of an amendment to Article SIXTH of Park National Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation in order to provide that shareholders do not have preemptive rights (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Park National Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed April 19, 2011 (File No. 1-13006))
| 3.1(h) | Articles of Incorporation of Park National Corporation [This document represents the Articles of Incorporation of Park National Corporation in compiled form incorporating all amendments. This compiled document has not been filed with the Ohio Secretary of State.] (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1(h) to Park National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011 (File No. 1-13006))
| 3.2(a) | Regulations of Park National Corporation (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to Park’s Form 8-B) P
| 3.2(b) | Certified Resolution regarding Adoption of Amendment to Subsection 2.02(A) of the Regulations of Park National Corporation by Shareholders on April 21, 1997 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(b)(1) to Park’s June 30, 1997 Form 10-Q)
| 3.2(c) | Certificate Regarding Adoption of Amendments to Sections 1.04 and 1.11 of Park National Corporation’s Regulations by the Shareholders on April 17, 2006 (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Park National Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on April 18, 2006 (File No. 1-13006))
| 3.2(d) | Certificate Regarding Adoption by the Shareholders of Park National Corporation on April 21, 2008 of Amendment to Regulations to Add New Section 5.10 to Article Five (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2(d) to Park National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008 (File No. 1-13006) (“Park’s March 31, 2008 Form 10-Q”))
| 3.2(e) | Regulations of Park National Corporation [This document represents the Regulations of Park National Corporation in compiled form incorporating all amendments] (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2(e) to Park’s March 31, 2008 Form 10-Q)
| 10.1 |  | Summary of Base Salaries for Executive Officers of Park National Corporation (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Park National Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (File No. 1-13006) ("Park's 2019 Form 10-K"))
| 10.2 |  | Summary of Certain Compensation for Directors of Park National Corporation (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Park's 2019 Form 10-K)
| 10.3 |  | Form of Park National Corporation 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Employees Amendment No. 1 to Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, made effective as of January 1, 2019, entered into with employees of Park National Corporation and its subsidiaries with respect to performance-based restricted stock unit awards granted effective January 1, 2019 (Filed herewith)
| 10.4 |  | Form of Park National Corporation 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Employees Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement used to evidence awards of performance-based restricted stock units to employees of Park National Corporation and its subsidiaries granted effective as of January 1, 2020 and to be used to evidence such awards granted after January 1, 2020 (Filed herewith)
| 10.5 |  | Amended and Restated Split-Dollar Agreement, made and entered into effective as of January 27, 2020, between The Park National Bank and Matthew R. Miller (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Park National Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on January 27, 2020 (File No. 1-13006)("Park's January 27, 2020 Form 8-K"))

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| 10.6 |  | First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Split-Dollar Agreement, made and entered into effective as of January 27, 2020, between The Park National Bank and Matthew R. Miller (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4(b) to Park's January 27, 2020 Form 8-K)
| 10.7 |  | Supplemental Executive Retirement Benefits Agreement, made and entered into effective January 27, 2020, between The Park National Bank and Matthew R. Miller (Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Park's January 27, 2020 Form 8-K)
| 31.1 |  | Rule 13a – 14(a) / 15d – 14(a) Certifications (Principal Executive Officer) (Filed herewith)
| 31.2 |  | Rule 13a – 14(a) / 15d – 14(a) Certifications (Principal Financial Officer) (Filed herewith)
| 32.1 |  | Certifications Pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (Principal Executive Officer) (Furnished herewith)
| 32.2 |  | Certifications Pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (Principal Financial Officer) (Furnished herewith)
| 101 |  | The following information from Park’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020 formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (unaudited); (ii) the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited); (iii) the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited); (iv) the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited); (v) the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited); and (vi) the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (electronically submitted herewith). **
| 104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibit 101) **

________________________________________
*Annexes, schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of SEC Regulation S-K, as in effect at the time of filing of the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization. A copy of any omitted attachment will be furnished supplementally to the SEC upon its request.
**The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
P Park National Corporation filed this exhibit with the SEC in paper form originally and this exhibit has not been filed with the SEC in electronic format.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | PARK NATIONAL CORPORATION
DATE: May 8, 2020 |  | /s/ David L. Trautman
|  | David L. Trautman
|  | Chief Executive Officer
|  | (Principal Executive Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)
DATE: May 8, 2020 |  | /s/ Brady T. Burt
|  | Brady T. Burt
|  | Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer
|  | (Principal Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

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