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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2014
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Attributable to Continuing Operations | Income tax expense (benefit) attributable to continuing operations —
| 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal and state | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 18 |
Non-U.S. | 134 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 113 |
Total current | 129 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 131 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal and state | (177 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  |  |
Non-U.S. | (22 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (80 | )
Total deferred | (199 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (80 | )
Total expense (benefit) | $ | (70 | ) |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 51 |
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes | Income from continuing operations before income taxes —
| 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
U.S. operations | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 77 |
Non-U.S. operations | 85 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 287 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 364 |
Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation | Effective tax rate reconciliation for continuing operations —
| 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
U.S. federal income tax rate | 35 | % |  | 35 | % |  | 35 | %
Adjustments resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-U.S. income | (6 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (4 | )
Non-U.S. tax incentives | (4 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
Non-U.S. withholding taxes on undistributed earnings of non-U.S. operations | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |
Settlement and return adjustments | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Miscellaneous items |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | )
Valuation allowance adjustments | (60 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (17 | )
Effective income tax rate for operations | (27 | )% |  | 32 | % |  | 14 | %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Deferred tax assets and liabilities — Temporary differences and carryforwards give rise to the following deferred tax assets and liabilities.
| 2014 |  | 2013
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | 788 |
Postretirement benefits, including pensions | 148 |  |  | 123 |
Research and development costs | 110 |  |  | 104 |
Expense accruals | 57 |  |  | 62 |
Other tax credits recoverable | 60 |  |  | 56 |
Capital loss carryforwards | 55 |  |  | 65 |
Inventory reserves | 18 |  |  | 17 |
Postemployment and other benefits | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Other | 25 |  |  | 28 |
Total | 1,131 |  |  | 1,247 |
Valuation allowance | (728 | ) |  | (982 | )
Deferred tax assets | 403 |  |  | 265 |
Unremitted earnings | (31 | ) |  | (86 | )
Intangibles | (41 | ) |  | (52 | )
Depreciation | (39 | ) |  | (39 | )
Other | (58 | ) |  | (59 | )
Deferred tax liabilities | (169 | ) |  | (236 | )
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Net Operating Loss Deferred Tax Asset Components and Related Allowances | The following table identifies the net operating loss deferred tax asset components and the related allowances that existed at December 31, 2014. Due to time limitations on the ability to realize the benefit of the carryforwards, additional portions of these deferred tax assets may become unrealizable in the future.
| Deferred Tax Asset |  | Valuation Allowance |  | Carryforward Period |  | Earliest Year of Expiration
Net operating losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | 432 |  |  | $ | (261 | ) |  | 20 |  | 2028
U.S. state | 122 |  |  | (114 | ) |  | Various |  | 2015
Brazil | 26 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | Unlimited |  |
France | 13 |  |  |  |  |  | Unlimited |  |
Australia | 33 |  |  | (33 | ) |  | Unlimited |  |
U.K. | 8 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | Unlimited |  |
Argentina | 17 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | 5 |  | 2015
Other | 3 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | Unlimited |  |
Total | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | (446 | ) |  |  |  |
Reconciliation of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | Reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits —
| 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 46 |
Decrease related to expiration of statute of limitations | (3 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (9 | )
Increase (decrease) related to prior years tax positions |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 63 |
Increases related to current year tax positions | 25 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |
Decrease related to settlements | (14 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 108 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 55 -Paragraph 217 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=32707879&loc=d3e36027-109320 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6907707&loc=SL6600010-109319 + Details
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