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SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Schedule of share-based compensation, stock options, activity | The summary of the Company’s stock options at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and the changes for the fiscal periods ending on those dates are presented below:
| Range of Exercise Prices $ |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price $ |  | Number of Options
Balance, December 31, 2015 | 2.55 - 32.10 |  | 6.54 |  | 2,122,897
Granted | 2.12 - 2.22 |  | 2.13 |  | 449,537
Exercised | 2.12 |  | 2.12 |  | (8,369)
Forfeited | 2.12 - 18.99 |  | 5.52 |  | (317,960)
Expired | 2.95 - 32.03 |  | 8.03 |  | (200,962)
Balance, December 31, 2016 | 2.12 - 15.61 |  | 5.69 |  | 2,045,143
Granted | 1.77 - 2.35 |  | 2.34 |  | 738,893
Exercised | — |  | — |  | —
Forfeited | 2.12 - 11.94 |  | 2.93 |  | (316,289)
Expired | 4.48 - 12.55 |  | 8.42 |  | (438,900)
Balance, December 31, 2017 | 1.77 - 15.61 |  | 4.48 |  | 2,028,847
Granted | 1.70 - 2.88 |  | 1.75 |  | 442,956
Exercised | 1.70 - 2.55 |  | 2.15 |  | (355,092)
Forfeited | 1.70 - 6.63 |  | 3.96 |  | (213,393)
Expired | 5.86 - 10.36 |  | 8.18 |  | (170,564)
Balance, December 31, 2018 | 1.70 - 15.61 |  | 3.84 |  | 1,732,754
Schedule of share-based compensation, shares authorized under stock option plans, by exercise price range | As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding stock options denominated in Cdn$ were as follows:
| Options outstanding |  | Options exercisable
Exercise price | Quantity |  | Weighted average price |  | Weighted average remaining contractual life |  | Intrinsic Value |  | Quantity |  | Weighted average price |  | Weighted average remaining contractual life |  | Intrinsic Value
$5.00 to $9.99 | 210,550 |  |  | 8.01 |  |  | 0.39 |  | — |  |  | 210,550 |  |  | 8.10 |  |  | 0.39 |  | — |
| 210,550 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 210,550 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
As of December 31, 2018, the outstanding stock options denominated in USD$ were as follows:
| Options outstanding |  | Options exercisable
Exercise price | Quantity |  | Weighted average price |  | Weighted average remaining contractual life |  | Intrinsic Value |  | Quantity |  | Weighted average price |  | Weighted average remaining contractual life |  | Intrinsic Value
$0.00 to $4.99 | 1,240,177 |  |  | $ | 2.83 |  |  | 3.90 |  | $ | 415 |  |  | 943,133 |  |  | $ | 3.08 |  |  | 3.98 |  | $ | 415 |
$5.00 to $9.99 | 255,762 |  |  | 6.00 |  |  | 3.10 |  | — |  |  | 255,762 |  |  | 6.00 |  |  | 3.10 |  | — |
$10.00 to $14.99 | 13,515 |  |  | 12.59 |  |  | 2.27 |  | — |  |  | 13,515 |  |  | 12.59 |  |  | 2.27 |  | — |
$15.00 to $19.99 | 12,750 |  |  | $ | 15.61 |  |  | 2.03 |  | — |  |  | 12,750 |  |  | $ | 15.61 |  |  | 2.03 |  | — |
| 1,522,204 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | 1,225,160 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 415 |
Schedule of compensation costs for share-based payment arrangements | The share-based compensation recorded during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
| Years ended
| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Share-based compensation (1)(2) | $ | 2,762 |  |  | $ | 3,525 |  |  | $ | 2,657 |
Value of stock options and RSUs granted | $ | 2,762 |  |  | $ | 3,525 |  |  | $ | 2,657 |
(1) | The fair value of the options granted under the Compensation Plan for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was estimated at the date of grant, using the Black-Scholes Option Valuation Model, with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions | The following weighted average assumptions were used for the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the $2.09 million of fair value for the 2,515,625 warrants issued in connection with the public offering in March 2016.
Risk-free rate | 1.15%
Expected life | 3.0 years
Expected volatility | 106.0%*
Expected dividend yield | 0%
* Expected volatility is measured based on the Company’s historical share price volatility over the expected life of the warrants. The following weighted average assumptions were used for the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the $0.66 million of fair value for the 2,328,925 warrants at December 31, 2018.
Risk-free rate | 2.63%
Expected life | 0.2 years
Expected volatility | 80.5%*
Expected dividend yield | 0%
* Expected volatility is measured based on the Company’s historical share price volatility over the expected life of the warrants. The following weighted average assumptions were used for the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the $3.17 million of fair value for the 4,168,750 warrants issued in connection with the public offering in September 2016.
Risk-free rate | 1.2%
Expected life | 5.0 years
Expected volatility | 145.2%*
Expected dividend yield | 0%
* Expected volatility is measured based on the Company’s historical share price volatility over the expected life of the warrants.
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Risk-free interest rate | 2.84% |  |  | 1.93% |  |  | 1.03% - 1.43% |
Expected life | 5.0 years |  |  | 5.0 years |  |  | 5.0 years |
Expected volatility | 59.00%* |  |  | 63.0%* |  |  | 64.7% -74.8%* |
Expected dividend yield | 0 | % |  | 0 | % |  | 0 | %
Weighted-average expected life of option | 5.00 |  |  | 5.00 |  |  | 5.00 |
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $0.96 |  |  | $1.20 |  |  | $1.22 - $1.23 |
* Expected volatility is measured based on the Company’s historical share price volatility over a period equivalent to the expected life of the options. .
Schedule of share-based compensation, restricted stock and restricted stock units activity | A summary of the status and activity of non-vested RSUs at December 31, 2018 is as follows:
| Number of shares |  | Weighted Average Grant- Date Fair Value
Non-vested December 31, 2015 | 272,866 |  |  | 4.03 |
Granted | 1,205,336 |  |  | 2.14 |
Vested | (138,608 | ) |  | 4.65 |
Forfeited | (9,125 | ) |  | 5.39 |
Non-vested December 31, 2016 | 1,330,469 |  |  | 2.37 |
Granted | 1,390,705 |  |  | 2.09 |
Vested | (752,580 | ) |  | 2.35 |
Forfeited | (59,118 | ) |  | 2.29 |
Non-vested December 31, 2017 | 1,909,477 |  |  | 2.17 |
Granted | 1,191,132 |  |  | 1.70 |
Vested | (1,486,126 | ) |  | 2.24 |
Forfeited | (34,296 | ) |  | 2.00 |
Non-vested December 31, 2018 | 1,580,187 |  |  | $ | 1.99 |
A summary of the status and activity of non-vested stock options at December 31, 2018 is as follows:
| Number of shares |  | Weighted Average Grant- Date Fair Value
Non-vested December 31, 2015 | 177,698 |  |  | 3.44 |
Granted | 449,537 |  |  | 1.29 |
Vested | (331,482 | ) |  | 2.26 |
Forfeited | (68,575 | ) |  | 1.56 |
Non-vested December 31, 2016 | 227,178 |  |  | 1.48 |
Granted | 738,893 |  |  | 1.18 |
Vested | (486,386 | ) |  | 1.30 |
Forfeited | (114,505 | ) |  | 1.22 |
Non-vested December 31, 2017 | 365,180 |  |  | 1.20 |
Granted | 442,956 |  |  | 0.96 |
Vested | (448,662 | ) |  | 1.10 |
Forfeited | (62,430 | ) |  | 0.96 |
Non-vested December 31, 2018 | 297,044 |  |  | 1.06 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value of stock options, including, but not limited to: (a) expected term of share options and similar instruments, (b) expected volatility of the entity's shares, (c) expected dividends, (d) risk-free rate(s), and (e) discount for post-vesting restrictions. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (f)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=96867065&loc=d3e5070-113901 + Details
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