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BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER COMMON SHARE | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract] |
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share | BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER COMMON SHARE The following is a reconciliation of weighted average shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, respectively:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Issued common shares at beginning of period | 74,366,824 |  |  | 66,205,153 |  |  | 46,519,132 |
Effect of share options exercised | 115,330 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,471 |
Effect of shares issued for settlement of vesting of restricted share units | 829,610 |  |  | 831,393 |  |  | 196,242 |
Effect of shares issued for exercise of share purchase warrants | 44,185 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Shares issued for consulting services | 122,854 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effect of shares issued in asset acquisitions | 419,986 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,184,175 |
Effect of shares issued for conversion of debentures | 323 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Effect of shares issued in public offerings | 7,576,288 |  |  | 3,822,561 |  |  | 6,538,038 |
Weighted average shares outstanding | 83,475,400 |  |  | 70,859,107 |  |  | 56,441,058 |
Basic and diluted loss per share The calculation of diluted earnings per share after adjustment for the effects of all potential dilutive common shares, calculated as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net loss to owners of the Company | $ | (25,245 | ) |  | $ | (27,766 | ) |  | $ | (39,413 | )
Basic and diluted weighted average number |  |  |  |  |
of common shares outstanding | 83,475,400 |  |  | 70,859,107 |  |  | 56,441,058 |
Loss per common share | $ | (0.30 | ) |  | $ | (0.39 | ) |  | $ | (0.70 | )
For the three years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, 8.23 million, 8.71 million and 10.19 million options and warrants, respectively, and the potential conversion of the Debentures have been excluded from the calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for earnings per share. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 260 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144383 + Details
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