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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission File Number: 001-36204
ENERGY FUELS INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ontario, | Canada | 98-1067994
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

225 Union Blvd., | Suite 600 |
Lakewood, | Colorado | 80228
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(303) 974-2140
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common shares, no par value | UUUU | NYSE American
| EFR | Toronto Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes ☐ No ☒
As of November 3, 2022, the registrant had 157,625,403 common shares, without par value, outstanding.

ENERGY FUELS INC.
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2022
INDEX

| Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 9
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 26
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 39
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 40
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 41
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 41
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 41
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 41
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE | 41
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION | 41
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 41
SIGNATURES

3

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report and the exhibits attached hereto (the “Quarterly Report”) contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of applicable United States (“U.S.”) and Canadian securities laws, which may include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to Energy Fuels Inc.’s (the “Company” or “Energy Fuels”): anticipated results and progress of our operations in future periods, planned exploration, if warranted, development of our properties, plans related to our business, including our rare earth element (“REE”) initiatives, and other matters that may occur in the future, any expectation related to the newly established uranium reserve program for the United States (the “U.S. Uranium Reserve Program”) pursuant to the COVID-Relief and Omnibus Spending Bill, which includes $75 million for the establishment of a strategic U.S. uranium reserve and was signed into law on December 27, 2020, any plans we may have with regard to REE production, any plans we may have with respect to the recovery of radioisotopes for use in the production of medical isotope therapeutics, any plans we may have to evaluate the ramp-up of production at any of our properties, and the expected costs of production of any properties that may be ramped up. These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable and assumptions of management.
Any statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, schedules, assumptions, future events, or performance (often, but not always, using words or phrases such as “expects” or “does not expect,” “is expected,” “is likely,” “budgets,” “scheduled,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “anticipates” or “does not anticipate,” “continues,” “plans,” “estimates,” or “believes,” and similar expressions or variations of such words and phrases or statements stating that certain actions, events or results “may,” “could,” “would,” “might,” or “will” be taken, occur or be achieved) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are based on the opinions and estimates of management as of the date such statements are made. We believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct, and such forward-looking statements included in, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report should not be unduly relied upon. This information speaks only as of the date of this Quarterly Report.
Readers are cautioned that it would be unreasonable to rely on any such forward-looking statements and information as creating any legal rights, and that the statements and information are not guarantees and may involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, and that actual results are likely to differ (and may differ materially) and objectives and strategies may differ or change from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements or information as a result of various factors. Such risks and uncertainties include global economic risks such as the occurrence of a pandemic, risks associated with our ramp-up to commercial production of an REE carbonate (“RE Carbonate”), risks associated with the potential recovery of radioisotopes for use in the production of medical isotope therapeutics, and risks generally encountered in the exploration, development, operation, closure and reclamation of mineral properties and processing and recovery facilities, as well as risks related to the U.S. Uranium Reserve Program. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause actual events or results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation the following risks (the “Risk Factor Summary”):
•global economic risks, including the occurrence of unforeseen or catastrophic events, such as political unrest, wars or the emergence of a pandemic or other widespread health emergency, which could create economic and financial disruptions and require us to reduce or cease operations at some or all of our facilities for an indeterminate period of time, and which could have a material impact on our business, operations, personnel and financial condition;
•risks associated with Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource estimates, including the risk of errors in assumptions or methodologies and changes to estimate disclosure rules and regulations;
•risks associated with estimating mineral extraction and recovery, forecasting future price levels necessary to support mineral extraction and recovery, and our ability to increase mineral extraction and recovery in response to any increases in commodity prices or other market conditions;
•uncertainties and liabilities inherent to conventional mineral extraction and recovery and/or in situ recovery (“ISR”);
•risks associated with our ramp-up to commercial production of RE Carbonate and potentially other REE and REE-related value-added processes and facilities, at our White Mesa Mill (the “White Mesa Mill” or the “Mill”) in Utah or elsewhere including the risk: that we may not be able to produce RE Carbonate that meets commercial specifications at commercial levels or at all, or at acceptable cost levels; of not being able to secure adequate supplies of uranium and REE-bearing ores in the future at satisfactory costs to us; of not being able to increase our sources of uranium and REE-bearing ores to meet future planned production goals; of not being able to sell the RE Carbonate we produce at acceptable prices to us; of not being able to successfully construct and operate an REE separation facility, and potentially other downstream REE activities, including metal-making and alloying, in the future, which are currently being evaluated; of legal and regulatory challenges and delays; and the risk of technological or market changes that could impact the REE industry or our competitive position;
4

•risks associated with the new U.S. Uranium Reserve Program, being subject to appropriation by the U.S. Congress, and details of implementation and expansion of the U.S. Uranium Reserve Program;
•risks associated with current federal, state and local administrations and changes thereto, including a lack of support of mining, uranium mining, nuclear energy or other aspects of our business, such as the new U.S. Uranium Reserve Program;
•geological, technical and processing problems, including unanticipated metallurgical difficulties, less than expected recoveries, ground control problems, process upsets, and equipment malfunctions;
•risks associated with the depletion of existing Mineral Resources through mining or extraction, without replacement with comparable Mineral Resources;
•risks associated with identifying and obtaining adequate quantities of other uranium-bearing materials not derived from conventional material and sourced by third parties (“Alternate Feed Materials”) and other feed sources required for the operation of our Mill;
•risks associated with labor costs, labor disturbances, and unavailability of skilled labor;
•risks associated with the availability and/or fluctuations in the costs of raw materials and consumables used in our production processes;
•risks and costs associated with environmental compliance and permitting, including those created by changes in environmental legislation and regulation, and delays in obtaining permits and licenses that could impact expected mineral extraction and recovery levels and costs;
•actions taken by regulatory authorities with respect to mineral extraction and recovery activities;
•risks associated with our dependence on third parties in the provision of transportation and other critical services;
•risks associated with our ability to obtain, extend or renew land tenure, including mineral leases and surface use agreements, on favorable terms or at all;
•risks associated with our ability to negotiate access rights on certain properties on favorable terms or at all;
•risks associated with potential information security incidents, including cybersecurity breaches;
•risks that we may compromise or lose our proprietary technology or intellectual property in certain circumstances, which could result in a loss in our competitive position and/or the value of our intangible assets;
•risks associated with our ongoing ability to successfully develop, attract and retain qualified management, Board members and other key personnel critical to the success of our business, given that the number of individuals with significant experience in the uranium, vanadium, REE and radioisotope industries is relatively small;
•competition for, among other things, capital, mineral properties, and skilled personnel;
•the adequacy of our insurance coverage;
•uncertainty as to reclamation and decommissioning liabilities;
•the ability of our bonding companies to require increases in the collateral required to secure reclamation obligations;
•the potential for, and outcome of, litigation and other legal proceedings, including potential injunctions pending the outcome of such litigation and proceedings;
•our ability to meet our obligations to our creditors;
•our ability to access credit facilities on favorable terms;
•risks associated with our relationships with our business and joint venture partners;
•failure to obtain industry partner, government, and other third-party consents and approvals, when required;
•failure to complete and integrate proposed acquisitions, or incorrect assessment of the value of completed acquisitions, including our proposed acquisition of mineral concessions in the State of Bahia, Brazil;
•risks posed by fluctuations in share price levels, exchange rates and interest rates, and general economic conditions;
•risks inherent in our and industry analysts’ forecasts or predictions of future uranium, vanadium, copper (if and when produced) and REE price levels, including the prices for RE Carbonates, REE oxides, REE metals and REE metal alloys;
•market prices of uranium, vanadium, copper (if and when produced) and REEs, which are cyclical and subject to substantial price fluctuations;
•risks associated with future uranium sales, if any, being required to be made at spot prices, unless we are able to continue entering into new long-term contracts at satisfactory prices in the future;
•risks associated with our vanadium sales, if any, generally being required to be made at spot prices;
•risks associated with our RE Carbonate sales, if any, being tied in whole or in part to REE spot prices;
•failure to obtain suitable uranium sales terms at satisfactory prices in the future, including spot and term sale contracts;
•failure to obtain suitable vanadium sales terms at satisfactory prices in the future;
•failure to obtain suitable copper (if and when produced) or REE sales terms at satisfactory prices in the future;
•risks associated with any expectation that we will be successful in helping the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and Navajo Nation address the clean-up of historic abandoned uranium mines;
•risks associated with asset impairment as a result of market conditions;
•risks associated with lack of access to markets and the ability to access capital;
•the market price of our securities;
5

•public resistance to nuclear energy or uranium extraction and recovery;
•political resistance to nuclear energy or uranium extraction or recovery;
•risks associated with inaccurate or nonobjective media coverage of our activities and the impact such coverage may have on the public, the market for our securities, government relations, commercial relations, permitting activities and legal challenges, as well as the costs to us of responding to such coverage;
•risks associated with potential impacts of public perceptions on our commercial relations;
•uranium industry competition, international trade restrictions and the impacts they have on world commodity prices of foreign state-subsidized production, and wars/conflicts influencing international demand and commercial relations;
•risks associated with foreign governmental actions, policies, laws, rules and regulations, and foreign state-subsidized enterprises, with respect to REE production and sales, which could impact REE prices available to us and impact our access to global and domestic markets for the supply of REE-bearing ores and the sale of RE Carbonate and other REE products and services to world and domestic markets;
•risks associated with our involvement in industry petitions for trade remedies and the extension of the Russian Suspension Agreement, including the costs of pursuing such remedies and the potential for negative responses or repercussions from various interest groups, consumers of uranium, and participants in other phases of the nuclear fuel cycle, both domestically and abroad;
•risks associated with governmental actions, policies, laws, rules and regulations with respect to nuclear energy or uranium extraction and recovery;
•risks related to potentially higher than expected costs related to any of our projects or facilities;
•risks related to our ability to potentially recover copper from our Pinyon Plain uranium project mineralized materials;
•risks related to stock price, volume volatility and recent market events;
•risks related to our ability to maintain our listings on the NYSE American and the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”);
•risks related to our ability to maintain our inclusion in various stock indices;
•risks related to dilution of currently outstanding shares from additional share issuances, depletion of assets, etc.;
•risks related to our securities, including securities regulations, and our lack of dividends;
•risks related to our issuance of additional common shares under our At-the-Market (“ATM”) program or otherwise to provide adequate liquidity in depressed commodity market circumstances;
•risks related to acquisition and integration issues, or related to defects in title to our mineral properties;
•risks related to our method of accounting for equity investments in other companies potentially resulting in material changes to our financial results that are not fully within our control;
•risks related to conducting business operations in foreign countries;
•risks related to any material weaknesses that may be identified in our internal controls over financial reporting. If we are unable to implement/maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, negatively affecting the market price of our common stock;
•risks of amendment to mining laws, including the imposition of any royalties on minerals extracted from federal lands, the designation of national monuments, mineral withdrawals or similar actions, which could adversely impact our affected properties or our ability to operate our affected properties; and
•risks related to our potential recovery of radioisotopes at the Mill for use in the development and production of emerging targeted alpha therapy (“TAT”) cancer therapeutics, including any expectation that: such potential recovery will be feasible or that the radioisotopes will be able to be sold on a commercial basis; all required licenses, permits and regulatory approvals will be obtained on a timely basis or at all; the cancer treatment therapeutics will receive all approvals and will be commercially successful; and the risk of technological or market changes that could impact the TAT industry or our competitive position.
Such statements are based on a number of assumptions which may prove to be incorrect, including, but not limited to, the following assumptions: that there is no material deterioration in general business and economic conditions; that there is no unanticipated fluctuation of interest rates and foreign exchange rates; that the supply and demand for, deliveries of, and the level and volatility of prices of uranium, vanadium, REEs and our other primary metals, radioisotopes and minerals develop as expected; that uranium, vanadium and REE prices required to reach, sustain or increase expected or forecasted production levels are realized as expected; that our proposed RE Carbonate production or any other REE activities, our proposed radioisotope program, or other potential production activities will be technically or commercially successful; that we receive regulatory and governmental approvals for our development projects and other operations on a timely basis; that we are able to operate our mineral properties and processing facilities as expected; that we are able to implement new process technologies and operations as expected; that existing licenses and permits are renewed as required; that we are able to obtain financing for our development projects on reasonable terms; that we are able to procure mining equipment and operating supplies in sufficient quantities and on a timely basis; that engineering and construction timetables and capital costs for our development and expansion projects and restarting projects on standby are not incorrectly estimated or affected by unforeseen circumstances; that costs of closure of various operations are accurately estimated; that there are no unanticipated changes in collateral requirements for surety bonds; that there are no unanticipated changes to market competition; that our Mineral Reserve and
6

Mineral Resource estimates are within reasonable bounds of accuracy (including with respect to size, grade and recoverability) and that the geological, operational and price assumptions on which these are based are reasonable; that environmental and other administrative and legal proceedings or disputes are satisfactorily resolved; that there are no significant changes to regulatory programs and requirements that would materially increase regulatory compliance costs, bonding costs or licensing/permitting requirements; and that we maintain ongoing relations with our employees and with our business and joint venture partners.
This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect our forward-looking statements. Some of the important risks and uncertainties that could affect forward-looking statements are described further under the section heading: Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Quarterly Report. Although we have attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, believed, estimated, or expected. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to subsequently revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events. Statements relating to “Mineral Reserves” or “Mineral Resources” are deemed to be forward-looking statements, as they involve the implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions that the Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources described may be profitably extracted in the future.
We qualify all forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report by the foregoing cautionary statements.
7

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO INVESTORS CONCERNING
DISCLOSURE OF MINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES
We are a U.S. Domestic Issuer for United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) purposes, most of our shareholders are U.S. residents, we are required to report our financial results under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and our primary trading market is the NYSE American. However, because we are incorporated in Ontario, Canada and also listed on the TSX, this Quarterly Report also contains or incorporates by reference certain disclosure that satisfies the additional requirements of Canadian securities laws that differ from the requirements of U.S. securities laws.
On October 31, 2018, the SEC adopted the Modernization of Property Disclosures for Mining Registrants (the “New Rule”), introducing significant changes to the existing mining disclosure framework to better align it with international industry and regulatory practice, including Canadian National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”), a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators (the “CSA”) that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. The New Rule was codified as 17 CFR Subpart 220.1300 and 229.601(b)(96) (collectively, “S-K 1300”) and replaced SEC Industry Guide 7. Pursuant to the New Rule, issuers are required to comply with S-K 1300 as of their annual reports for the first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021, and earlier in certain circumstances.
As such, all mineral estimates constituting mining operations that are material to our business or financial condition included in this Quarterly Report, and in the documents incorporated by reference herein, have been prepared in accordance with both S-K 1300 and NI 43-101 and are supported by pre-feasibility studies and/or initial assessments prepared in accordance with both the requirements of S-K 1300 and NI 43-101. S-K 1300 and NI 43-101 both provide for the disclosure of: (i) “Inferred Mineral Resources,” which investors should understand have the lowest level of geological confidence of all mineral resources and thus may not be considered when assessing the economic viability of a mining project and may not be converted to a Mineral Reserve; (ii) “Indicated Mineral Resources,” which investors should understand have a lower level of confidence than that of a “Measured Mineral Resource” and thus may be converted only to a “Probable Mineral Reserve”; and (iii) “Measured Mineral Resources,” which investors should understand have sufficient geological certainty to be converted to a “Proven Mineral Reserve” or to a “Probable Mineral Reserve.” Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of Measured or Indicated Mineral Resources will ever be converted into Mineral Reserves as defined by S-K 1300 or NI 43-101. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an Inferred Mineral Resource exists or is economically or legally mineable, or that an Inferred Mineral Resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category.
All mineral disclosure reported in this Quarterly Report has been prepared in accordance with the definitions of both S-K 1300 and NI 43-101.
8

PART I
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
ENERGY FUELS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(unaudited) (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RE Carbonate | $ | 1,673 |  |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 2,122 |  |  | $ | 269 |
Vanadium concentrates | 1,071 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,778 |  |  | — |
Alternate Feed Materials processing and other | 189 |  |  | 446 |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 1,255 |
Total revenues | 2,933 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 12,337 |  |  | 1,524 |
Costs and expenses applicable to revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs and expenses applicable to RE Carbonate | 1,091 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 1,313 |  |  | 278 |
Costs and expenses applicable to vanadium concentrates | 438 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,769 |  |  | — |
Underutilized capacity production costs applicable to RE Carbonate | — |  |  | 450 |  |  | 2,758 |  |  | 450 |
Total costs and expenses applicable to revenues | 1,529 |  |  | 728 |  |  | 7,840 |  |  | 728 |
Other operating costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Development, permitting and land holding | 4,032 |  |  | 2,795 |  |  | 6,424 |  |  | 8,683 |
Standby costs | 3,564 |  |  | 2,250 |  |  | 10,362 |  |  | 6,503 |
Accretion of asset retirement obligation | 397 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | 1,022 |
Selling, general and administration | 7,075 |  |  | 2,973 |  |  | 16,994 |  |  | 10,158 |
Total operating loss | (13,664) |  |  | (8,381) |  |  | (30,584) |  |  | (25,570) |
Other income (loss) (Note 11) | 4,410 |  |  | 424 |  |  | (11,459) |  |  | (4,088) |
Net loss | (9,254) |  |  | (7,957) |  |  | (42,043) |  |  | (29,658) |
Items that may be reclassified in the future to profit and loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (2,802) |  |  | 714 |  |  | (4,524) |  |  | 170 |
Other comprehensive income | (2,802) |  |  | 714 |  |  | (4,524) |  |  | 170 |
Comprehensive loss | $ | (12,056) |  |  | $ | (7,243) |  |  | $ | (46,567) |  |  | $ | (29,488) |
Net loss attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company | $ | (9,167) |  |  | $ | (7,870) |  |  | $ | (41,950) |  |  | $ | (29,562) |
Non-controlling interests | (87) |  |  | (87) |  |  | (93) |  |  | (96) |
| $ | (9,254) |  |  | $ | (7,957) |  |  | $ | (42,043) |  |  | $ | (29,658) |
Comprehensive loss attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company | $ | (11,969) |  |  | $ | (7,156) |  |  | $ | (46,474) |  |  | $ | (29,392) |
Non-controlling interests | (87) |  |  | (87) |  |  | (93) |  |  | (96) |
| $ | (12,056) |  |  | $ | (7,243) |  |  | $ | (46,567) |  |  | $ | (29,488) |
Basic and diluted net loss per common share (Note 8) | $ | (0.06) |  |  | $ | (0.05) |  |  | $ | (0.27) |  |  | $ | (0.21) |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
9

ENERGY FUELS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited) (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share amounts)

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 77,090 |  |  | $ | 112,517 |
Marketable securities (Notes 3 and 14) | 11,625 |  |  | 494 |
Trade and other receivables, net of allowance for credit losses of $223 and $223, respectively | 1,795 |  |  | 3,954 |
Inventories (Note 4) | 27,331 |  |  | 30,772 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 9,182 |  |  | 1,568 |
Total current assets | 127,023 |  |  | 149,305 |
Other long-term receivables | 1,517 |  |  | — |
Inventories (Note 4) | 2,080 |  |  | 1,368 |
Operating lease right of use asset | 175 |  |  | 408 |
Investments accounted for at fair value (Note 14) | 22,865 |  |  | 38,538 |
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 5) | 20,899 |  |  | 21,983 |
Mineral properties (Note 5) | 83,539 |  |  | 83,539 |
Restricted cash (Note 6) | 20,986 |  |  | 20,305 |
Total assets | $ | 279,084 |  |  | $ | 315,446 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 11) | $ | 4,268 |  |  | $ | 5,764 |
Current portion of operating lease liability | 202 |  |  | 324 |
Current portion of asset retirement obligation (Note 6) | 219 |  |  | 27 |
Total current liabilities | 4,689 |  |  | 6,115 |
Operating lease liability | — |  |  | 145 |
Asset retirement obligation (Note 6) | 14,531 |  |  | 13,660 |
Total liabilities | 19,220 |  |  | 19,920 |
Equity |  |  |
Share capital Common shares, without par value, unlimited shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding 157,607,156 at September 30, 2022 and 156,262,199 at December 31, 2021 | 696,808 |  |  | 685,903 |
Accumulated deficit | (438,221) |  |  | (396,271) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | (2,581) |  |  | 1,943 |
Total shareholders' equity | 256,006 |  |  | 291,575 |
Non-controlling interests | 3,858 |  |  | 3,951 |
Total equity | 259,864 |  |  | 295,526 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 279,084 |  |  | $ | 315,446 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) |  |  |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
10

ENERGY FUELS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(unaudited) (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share amounts)

| Common Stock |  | Deficit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | Total shareholders' equity |  | Non-controlling interests |  | Total equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 156,262,199 |  |  | $ | 685,903 |  |  | $ | (396,271) |  |  | $ | 1,943 |  |  | $ | 291,575 |  |  | $ | 3,951 |  |  | $ | 295,526 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,729) |  |  | — |  |  | (14,729) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (14,730) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,766 |  |  | 1,766 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,766 |
Shares issued for cash by at-the-market offering | 413,751 |  |  | 4,260 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,260 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,260 |
Share issuance cost | — |  |  | (96) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (96) |  |  | — |  |  | (96) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | 862 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 862 |  |  | — |  |  | 862 |
Shares issued for exercise of stock options | 135,926 |  |  | 328 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 328 |  |  | — |  |  | 328 |
Shares issued for the vesting of restricted stock units | 362,350 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash paid to fund employee income tax withholding due upon vesting of restricted stock units | — |  |  | (884) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (884) |  |  | — |  |  | (884) |
Shares issued for consulting services | 6,022 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | 157,180,248 |  |  | $ | 690,424 |  |  | $ | (411,000) |  |  | $ | 3,709 |  |  | $ | 283,133 |  |  | $ | 3,950 |  |  | $ | 287,083 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,054) |  |  | — |  |  | (18,054) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (18,059) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,488) |  |  | (3,488) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,488) |
Shares issued for cash by at-the-market offering | 356,028 |  |  | 3,808 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,808 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,808 |
Share issuance cost | — |  |  | (86) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (86) |  |  | — |  |  | (86) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | 1,147 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,147 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,147 |
Shares issued for exercise of stock options | 24,326 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |
Shares issued for consulting services | 5,183 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |
Shares issued for exercise of stock appreciation rights | 3,635 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash paid to settle and fund employee income tax withholding due upon exercise of stock appreciation rights | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |
Balance at June 30, 2022 | 157,569,420 |  |  | $ | 695,404 |  |  | $ | (429,054) |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 266,571 |  |  | $ | 3,945 |  |  | $ | 270,516 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,167) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,167) |  |  | (87) |  |  | (9,254) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,802) |  |  | (2,802) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,802) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | 1,283 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,283 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,283 |
Shares issued for exercise of stock options | 28,781 |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |
Shares issued for consulting services | 8,955 |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |
Balance at September 30, 2022 | 157,607,156 |  |  | $ | 696,808 |  |  | $ | (438,221) |  |  | $ | (2,581) |  |  | $ | 256,006 |  |  | $ | 3,858 |  |  | $ | 259,864 |

11

| Common Stock |  | Deficit |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | Total shareholders' equity |  | Non-controlling interests |  | Total equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2020 | 134,311,033 |  |  | $ | 549,317 |  |  | $ | (397,812) |  |  | $ | 2,308 |  |  | $ | 153,813 |  |  | $ | 3,733 |  |  | $ | 157,546 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,908) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,908) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (10,910) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 353 |  |  | 353 |  |  | — |  |  | 353 |
Shares issued for cash by at-the-market offering | 5,534,166 |  |  | 30,603 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,603 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,603 |
Share issuance cost | — |  |  | (689) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (689) |  |  | — |  |  | (689) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | 697 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 697 |  |  | — |  |  | 697 |
Shares issued for exercise of stock options | 278,111 |  |  | 666 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 666 |  |  | — |  |  | 666 |
Shares issued for the vesting of restricted stock units | 478,781 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash paid to fund employee income tax withholding due upon vesting of restricted stock units | — |  |  | (659) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (659) |  |  | — |  |  | (659) |
Shares issued for exercise of warrants | 190,405 |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,105 |
Shares issued for consulting services | 24,000 |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | 140,816,496 |  |  | $ | 581,135 |  |  | $ | (408,720) |  |  | $ | 2,661 |  |  | $ | 175,076 |  |  | $ | 3,731 |  |  | $ | 178,807 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,784) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,784) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (10,791) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (897) |  |  | (897) |  |  | — |  |  | (897) |
Shares issued for cash by at-the-market offering | 6,043,937 |  |  | 38,040 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,040 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,040 |
Share issuance cost | — |  |  | (855) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (855) |  |  | — |  |  | (855) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | 493 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 493 |  |  | — |  |  | 493 |
Shares issued for exercise of stock options | 251,960 |  |  | 710 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 710 |  |  | — |  |  | 710 |
Shares issued for exercise of warrants | 1,474,439 |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,093 |
Shares issued for consulting services | 8,369 |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
Shares issued for exercise of stock appreciation rights | 2,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash paid to settle and fund employee income tax withholding due upon exercise of stock appreciation rights | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |
Contributions attributable to non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 229 |  |  | 229 |
Balance at June 30, 2021 | 148,597,701 |  |  | $ | 629,618 |  |  | $ | (419,504) |  |  | $ | 1,764 |  |  | $ | 211,878 |  |  | $ | 3,953 |  |  | $ | 215,831 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,870) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,870) |  |  | (87) |  |  | (7,957) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 714 |  |  | 714 |  |  | — |  |  | 714 |
Shares issued for cash by at-the-market offering | 3,451,860 |  |  | 25,599 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,599 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,599 |
Share issuance cost | — |  |  | (576) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (576) |  |  | — |  |  | (576) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | 512 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 512 |  |  | — |  |  | 512 |
Shares issued for exercise of stock options | 85,521 |  |  | 255 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |
Shares issued for exercise of warrants | 2,351,179 |  |  | 15,405 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,405 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,405 |
Shares issued for consulting services | 7,817 |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Balance at September 30, 2021 | 154,494,078 |  |  | $ | 670,861 |  |  | $ | (427,374) |  |  | $ | 2,478 |  |  | $ | 245,965 |  |  | $ | 3,866 |  |  | $ | 249,831 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
12

ENERGY FUELS INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited) (Expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars)

| Nine months ended
| September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net loss for the period | $ | (42,043) |  |  | $ | (29,658) |
Items not involving cash: |  |  |
Depletion, depreciation and amortization | 2,529 |  |  | 2,363 |
Share-based compensation | 3,292 |  |  | 1,702 |
Change in value of warrant liabilities | — |  |  | 8,050 |
Accretion of asset retirement obligation | 1,301 |  |  | 1,022 |
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss | (2,284) |  |  | 440 |
Revision and settlement of asset retirement obligation | (238) |  |  | (39) |
Change in investments accounted for at fair value | 13,716 |  |  | — |
Other non-cash expenses (income) | 297 |  |  | (3,017) |
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in inventories | 2,729 |  |  | (1,673) |
(Increase) decrease in trade and other receivables | 565 |  |  | (61) |
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets | (7,614) |  |  | (678) |
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (1,703) |  |  | (434) |
Net cash used in operating activities | (29,453) |  |  | (21,983) |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (1,237) |  |  | (953) |
Purchases of marketable securities | (11,435) |  |  | — |
Maturities and sales of marketable securities | — |  |  | 2,554 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (12,672) |  |  | 1,601 |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Issuance of common shares for cash, net of issuance cost | 7,886 |  |  | 92,122 |
Cash paid to fund employee income tax withholding due upon vesting of restricted stock units | (884) |  |  | (659) |
Cash received from exercise of stock options | 472 |  |  | 1,718 |
Cash received from exercise of warrants | — |  |  | 6,627 |
Cash paid to settle and fund employee income tax withholding due upon exercise of stock appreciation rights | (11) |  |  | (48) |
Cash received from non-controlling interest | — |  |  | 229 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 7,463 |  |  | 99,989 |
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held in foreign currencies | (84) |  |  | (61) |
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (34,746) |  |  | 79,546 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 132,822 |  |  | 40,985 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD | $ | 98,076 |  |  | $ | 120,531 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |
Net cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in accrued capital expenditures and accounts payable for property, plant and equipment | $ | (116) |  |  | $ | — |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
13

ENERGY FUELS INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022
(unaudited) (Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)

1. THE COMPANY AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Energy Fuels Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the Province of Alberta and was continued under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario).
Energy Fuels Inc. and its subsidiary companies (collectively “the Company” or “Energy Fuels”) are engaged in uranium extraction, recovery and sales of uranium from mineral properties and the recycling of uranium-bearing materials generated by third parties. As a part of these activities, the Company also acquires, explores, evaluates and, if warranted, permits uranium properties. The Company’s final uranium product, uranium oxide concentrate (“U 3 O 8” or “uranium concentrate”), known more commonly as “yellowcake,” is sold to customers for further processing into fuel for nuclear reactors. The Company also produces vanadium pentoxide (“V 2 O 5”), along with uranium at its White Mesa Mill (the “White Mesa Mill” or the “Mill”), from certain of its Colorado Plateau properties as market conditions warrant and at times from solutions in its Mill tailings impoundment system. The Mill is also currently ramping up to commercial production of rare earth element (“REE”) carbonate (“RE Carbonate”) from various uranium- and REE-bearing materials acquired from third parties and is additionally evaluating the potential to recover radioisotopes from its existing process streams for use in targeted alpha therapy (“TAT”) therapeutics for the treatment of cancer.
With its uranium, vanadium, REE and potential radioisotope production, the Mill is quickly becoming a critical minerals hub for the United States (“U.S.”). Uranium is the fuel for carbon-free, emission-free baseload nuclear power – one of the cleanest forms of energy in the world. The REEs we are now producing are used for the manufacture of permanent magnets for electric vehicles, wind turbines and other clean energy and modern technologies. The very heart of our business – uranium and REE production and recycling – helps us play a big part in addressing global climate change and reducing air pollution, and the radioisotopes we are evaluating for recovery from our REE and uranium processing streams have the potential to provide the isotopes needed for emerging TAT cancer-fighting therapeutics.
The Company is a “development stage issuer,” as defined by S-K 1300, as it is engaged in the preparation of Mineral Reserves for extraction on at least one material property.
2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for share and per share amounts.
The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures included are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.
In management’s opinion, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring items, which are necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows on a basis consistent with that of the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. However, the results of operations for the interim periods may not be indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and the summary of significant accounting policies included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in order to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
14

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting standards update (“ASU”) 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructuring and Vintage Disclosures.” This ASU clarifies the recognition and measurement guidance for troubled debt restructurings for creditors under ASC 310-40 and requires enhanced disclosure about modifications of borrowings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. It also requires the disclosure of current period write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of ASU 326-20. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this statement and plans to adopt this prospectively on its effective date of January 1, 2023.
Fair Value Measurement
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sales Restrictions.” ASU 2022-03 clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security should not be considered in measuring its fair value. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard and expects to adopt this prospectively on its effective date of January 1, 2024.
3. MARKETABLE SECURITIES
For marketable debt securities, we have elected the fair value option for which changes in fair value are recorded in Other Income (Loss) in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The fair value option was elected for these debt securities, as we may sell them prior to their stated maturities after consideration of our risks versus reward objectives, as well as our liquidity requirements. The stated contractual maturity dates of marketable debt securities held as of September 30, 2022 are due in one to two years. No marketable debt securities were held as of December 31, 2021.
The following table summarizes our marketable securities by significant investment categories as of September 30, 2022:

| Cost Basis | Gross Unrealized Losses | Gross Unrealized Gains | Fair Value
Marketable debt securities(1) | $ | 11,435 |  | $ | (181) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 11,254 |
Marketable equity securities | 756 |  | (385) |  | — |  | 371 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 12,191 |  | $ | (566) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 11,625 |

(1) Marketable debt securities are comprised primarily of notes of U.S. government agency bonds.
The following table summarizes our marketable securities by significant investment categories as of December 31, 2021:

| Cost Basis | Gross Unrealized Losses | Gross Unrealized Gains | Fair Value
Marketable equity securities | $ | 756 |  | $ | (262) |  | $ | — |  | $ | 494 |

4. INVENTORIES

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Concentrates and work-in-progress | $ | 24,628 |  |  | $ | 27,619 |
Ore stockpiles | 241 |  |  | 351 |
Raw materials and consumables | 4,542 |  |  | 4,170 |
| $ | 29,411 |  |  | $ | 32,140 |
Inventories |  |  |
Current | $ | 27,331 |  |  | $ | 30,772 |
Long term - raw materials and consumables | 2,080 |  |  | 1,368 |
| $ | 29,411 |  |  | $ | 32,140 |

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5. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND MINERAL PROPERTIES
The following is a summary of property, plant and equipment:

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Cost |  | Accumulated Depreciation |  | Net Book Value |  | Cost |  | Accumulated Depreciation |  | Net Book Value
Property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nichols Ranch | $ | 29,210 |  |  | $ | (19,712) |  |  | $ | 9,498 |  |  | $ | 29,210 |  |  | $ | (18,185) |  |  | $ | 11,025 |
Alta Mesa | 13,626 |  |  | (5,678) |  |  | 7,948 |  |  | 13,626 |  |  | (4,996) |  |  | 8,630 |
Equipment and other | 16,524 |  |  | (13,071) |  |  | 3,453 |  |  | 15,079 |  |  | (12,751) |  |  | 2,328 |
Property, plant and equipment total | $ | 59,360 |  |  | $ | (38,461) |  |  | $ | 20,899 |  |  | $ | 57,915 |  |  | $ | (35,932) |  |  | $ | 21,983 |

Depreciation expense totaled $0.85 million and $2.53 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $0.80 million and $2.36 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, which was recorded in Development, Permitting and Land Holding in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The following is a summary of mineral properties:

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Mineral properties |  |  |
Uranerz ISR properties | $ | 25,974 |  |  | $ | 25,974 |
Sheep Mountain | 34,183 |  |  | 34,183 |
Roca Honda | 22,095 |  |  | 22,095 |
Other | 1,287 |  |  | 1,287 |
Mineral properties total | $ | 83,539 |  |  | $ | 83,539 |

On May 19, 2022, the Company announced that it had entered into two purchase agreements to acquire a total of 17 mineral concessions in the State of Bahia, Brazil totaling approximately 37,300 acres or 58.3 square miles (the “Bahia Project”). Under the terms of the purchase agreements, the Company has entered into mineral rights transfer agreements with the sellers to acquire the 17 mineral sand concessions. The transfers have been initiated and the transactions are expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2022 or first quarter of 2023 upon the approval from Brazilian governmental authorities.
The total purchase price under the purchase agreements is $27.50 million consisting of deposit payments of $5.50 million due upon reaching certain milestones stated within the purchase agreements, and $22.00 million due at closing with the completed transfer and assignment of the mineral rights.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company has made deposit payments totaling $5.50 million that will be attributable to the final purchase price under the purchase agreements, pending the close of the transactions. Additionally, direct deal costs of $1.00 million have been incurred related to such asset acquisitions. The purchase deposit payments and direct deal costs have been capitalized as Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
6. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS AND RESTRICTED CASH
The following table summarizes the Company’s asset retirement obligations:
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| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Asset retirement obligation, beginning of period | $ | 13,687 |  |  | $ | 13,038 |
Revision of estimate | (238) |  |  | (235) |
Disposal of non-core obligations | — |  |  | (269) |
Accretion of liabilities | 1,301 |  |  | 1,284 |
Settlements | — |  |  | (131) |
Asset retirement obligation, end of period | $ | 14,750 |  |  | $ | 13,687 |
Asset retirement obligation: |  |  |
Current | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | 27 |
Non-current | 14,531 |  |  | 13,660 |
Asset retirement obligation, end of period | $ | 14,750 |  |  | $ | 13,687 |

The asset retirement obligations of the Company are subject to legal and regulatory requirements. Estimates of the costs of reclamation are reviewed periodically by the Company and the applicable regulatory authorities. The above provision represents the Company’s best estimate of the present value of future reclamation costs, discounted using credit adjusted risk-free interest rates ranging from 9.50% to 11.67% and inflation rates ranging from 2.00% to 2.41%. The total undiscounted decommissioning liability at September 30, 2022 is $42.91 million (December 31, 2021 - $41.34 million).
The Company has cash, cash equivalents and fixed income securities as collateral for various bonds posted in favor of the applicable state regulatory agencies in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah and Wyoming, and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) and U.S. Forest Service (“USFS”) for estimated reclamation costs associated with the Mill, Nichols Ranch, Alta Mesa and other mining properties. The restricted cash will be released when the Company has reclaimed a mineral property, sold a mineral property to a party having assumed the applicable bond requirements, or restructured the surety and collateral arrangements. See Note 12 for a discussion of the Company’s surety bond commitments.
The following table summarizes the Company’s restricted cash:

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Restricted cash, beginning of period | $ | 20,305 |  |  | $ | 20,817 |
Additional collateral posted | 681 |  |  | 48 |
Refunds of collateral | — |  |  | (560) |
Restricted cash, end of period | $ | 20,986 |  |  | $ | 20,305 |

7. CAPITAL STOCK
Authorized capital stock
The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares without par value, unlimited Preferred Shares issuable in series, and unlimited Series A Preferred Shares. The Series A Preferred Shares issuable are non-redeemable, non-callable, non-voting and have no right to dividends. The Preferred Shares issuable in series will have the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions assigned to the particular series upon the Board of Directors approving their issuance.
Issued capital stock
In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 0.77 million Common Shares under the Company’s ATM for net proceeds of $7.89 million after share issuance costs.
8. BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER COMMON SHARE
The calculation of basic and diluted loss per share after adjustment for the effects of all potential dilutive Common Shares, is as follows:
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| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net loss attributable to owners of the Company | $ | (9,167) |  |  | $ | (7,870) |  |  | $ | (41,950) |  |  | $ | (29,562) |
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding | 157,590,318 |  |  | 149,792,788 |  |  | 157,242,332 |  |  | 143,912,182 |
Net loss per common share | $ | (0.06) |  |  | $ | (0.05) |  |  | $ | (0.27) |  |  | $ | (0.21) |

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 4.03 million stock options, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, and warrants have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (September 30, 2021 - 3.71 million).
9. SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
The Company maintains an equity incentive plan, known as the 2021 Amended and Restated Omnibus Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Compensation Plan”), for directors, executives, eligible employees and consultants. Existing equity incentive awards include employee non-qualified stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”). The Company issues new Common Shares to satisfy exercises and vesting under its equity incentive awards. At September 30, 2022, a total of 15,760,716 Common Shares were authorized for future equity incentive plan awards.
Employee Stock Options
The Company, under the Compensation Plan, may grant stock options to directors, executives, employees and consultants to purchase Common Shares of the Company. The exercise price of the stock options is set as the higher of the Company’s closing share price on the NYSE American on the last trading day before the grant date and the five-day volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) on the NYSE American ending on the last trading day before the grant date. Stock options granted under the Compensation Plan generally vest over a period of two years or more and are generally exercisable over a period of five years from the grant date, such period not to exceed 10 years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted 0.11 million stock options under the Compensation Plan (September 30, 2021 - 0.17 million).
The fair value of the stock options granted under the Compensation Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was estimated at the date of grant, using the Black-Scholes Option Valuation Model, with the following weighted average assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate | 2.37 | %
Expected life (in years) | 3.18
Expected volatility(1) | 73.14 | %
Expected dividend yield | — | %
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 4.98 |

(1)Expected volatility is measured based on the Company’s historical share price volatility over a period equivalent to the expected life of the stock options.
The summary of the Company’s stock options at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and the changes for the fiscal periods ending on those dates, are presented below:
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| Range of Exercise Prices |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  | Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2020 | $1.70 - $15.61 |  | 1,609,087 |  |  | $ | 2.91 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 3.89 - 8.41 |  | 169,310 |  |  | 3.99 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | 1.70 - 7.42 |  | (775,814) |  |  | 2.95 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | 1.76 - 5.91 |  | (8,048) |  |  | 3.16 |  |  |  |  |
Expired | 1.70 - 15.61 |  | (51,653) |  |  | 8.14 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, December 31, 2021 | $1.70 - $8.41 |  | 942,882 |  |  | $ | 2.79 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 5.84 - 10.03 |  | 114,785 |  |  | 6.51 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | 1.70 - 5.46 |  | (189,035) |  |  | 2.49 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | 3.06 - 10.03 |  | (19,918) |  |  | 5.87 |  |  |  |  |
Expired | 2.35 |  | (15,506) |  |  | 2.35 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, September 30, 2022 | $1.70 - $8.41 |  | 833,208 |  |  | $ | 3.30 |  |  | 2.07 |  | $ | 2,384 |
Exercisable, September 30, 2022 | $1.70 - $7.14 |  | 695,323 |  |  | $ | 2.80 |  |  | 1.67 |  | $ | 2,307 |

The total intrinsic value of options exercised in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.28 million (September 30, 2021 – $2.12 million).
The summary of the Company’s non-vested stock options at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and the changes for the fiscal periods ending on those dates, are presented below:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested, December 31, 2020 | 403,990 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |
Granted | 169,310 |  |  | 2.06 |
Vested | (351,934) |  |  | 1.23 |
Forfeited | (8,049) |  |  | 1.60 |
Non-vested, December 31, 2021 | 213,317 |  |  | $ | 1.34 |
Granted | 114,785 |  |  | 4.98 |
Vested | (170,299) |  |  | 1.15 |
Forfeited | (19,918) |  |  | 4.58 |
Non-vested, September 30, 2022 | 137,885 |  |  | $ | 4.13 |

Restricted Stock Units
The Company grants RSUs to directors, executives and eligible employees. Awards for executives and eligible employees are determined as a target percentage of base salary and generally vest over three years. Holders of unvested RSUs do not have voting rights on those RSUs. The RSUs are subject to forfeiture risk and other restrictions. Upon vesting, the employee is entitled to receive one Common Share of the Company for each RSU at no additional payment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors issued 0.41 million RSUs under the Compensation Plan (September 30, 2021 - 0.44 million). The fair value of RSUs granted was determined at the date of grant based on the Company’s share price on the NYSE American.
The summary of the Company’s non-vested RSUs at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and the changes for the fiscal periods ending on those dates, are presented below:
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| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested, December 31, 2020 | 1,094,056 |  |  | $ | 1.98 |
Granted | 441,241 |  |  | 3.89 |
Vested | (635,233) |  |  | 1.94 |
Non-vested, December 31, 2021 | 900,064 |  |  | $ | 2.94 |
Granted | 411,467 |  |  | 6.52 |
Vested | (518,856) |  |  | 2.93 |
Forfeited | (45,250) |  |  | 5.40 |
Non-vested, September 30, 2022 | 747,425 |  |  | $ | 4.77 |

The total intrinsic value and fair value of RSUs that vested and were settled for equity in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $2.93 million (September 30, 2021 – $2.67 million).
Stock Appreciation Rights
The Company may grant SARs to directors, executives, and eligible employees.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors issued 2.20 million SARs under the Compensation Plan with a fair value of $1.25 per SAR. These SARs are intended to provide additional long-term performance-based equity incentives for the Company’s senior management. The SARs are performance-based because they only vest upon the achievement of performance goals designed to significantly increase shareholder value.
Each SAR granted entitles the holder to receive, upon a valid exercise, payment from the Company in cash or Common Shares (at the sole discretion of the Company) in an amount representing the difference between the fair market value (“FMV”) of the Company’s Common Shares on the date of exercise and $2.92 (the closing market price or “Grant Price” at the time of grant). Fair Market Value as used herein means the closing price of the Shares on the TSX or the NYSE American on the last trading day immediately prior to the date of exercise. The term of the SARs grant is five years, with SARs vesting only upon the achievement of the following performance goals: as to one-third of the SARs granted, automatically upon the 90-calendar-day VWAP of the Company’s Common Shares on the NYSE American equaling or exceeding $5.00 for any continuous 90-calendar-day period; as to an additional one-third of the SARs granted, automatically upon the 90-calendar-day VWAP of the Company’s Common Shares on the NYSE American equaling or exceeding $7.00 for any continuous 90-calendar-day period; and as to the final one-third of the SARs granted, automatically upon the 90-calendar-day VWAP of the Company’s Common Shares on the NYSE American equaling or exceeding $10.00 for any continuous 90-calendar-day period. Further, notwithstanding the foregoing vesting schedule, no SARs were able to be exercised by the holder for an initial period of one year from the Date of Grant; the date first exercisable being January 22, 2020. The first two tranches of these vesting performance goals were met prior to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors issued 0.83 million SARs under the Compensation Plan (September 30, 2021 – nil). The fair value of the SARs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation, with the following weighted average assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate | 1.68 | %
Expected life (in years)(1) | 4.98
Expected volatility(2) | 72.81 | %
Expected dividend yield | — | %
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 3.99 |

(1)Monte Carlo analysis of SARs assumes employee suboptimal exercise at first vesting time for each tranche.
(2)Expected volatility is measured based on the Company’s historical share price volatility over a period equivalent to the expected life of the SARs.
Each SAR granted entitles the holder to receive, upon a valid exercise, payment from the Company in cash or Common Shares (at the sole discretion of the Company) in an amount representing the difference between the FMV of the Company’s Common Shares on the date of exercise and $6.47 (the Grant Price at the time of grant). The term of the SARs grant is five years, with SARs vesting only upon the achievement of the following performance goals: as to one-third of the SARs granted,
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automatically upon the 90-calendar-day VWAP of the Company’s Common Shares on the NYSE American equaling or exceeding $12.00 for any continuous 90-calendar-day period; as to an additional one-third of the SARs granted, automatically upon the 90-calendar-day VWAP of the Company’s Common Shares on the NYSE American equaling or exceeding $14.00 for any continuous 90-calendar-day period; and as to the final one-third of the SARs granted, automatically upon the 90-calendar-day VWAP of the Company’s Common Shares on the NYSE American equaling or exceeding $16.00 for any continuous 90-calendar-day period. Further, notwithstanding the foregoing vesting schedule, no SARs may be exercised by the holder for an initial period of one year from the date of grant; the date first exercisable being January 25, 2023. As a result, the SARs granted in the first quarter of 2022 for 2021 performance are a long-term equity incentive and are 100% performance based.
The summary of the Company’s SARs at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and the changes for the fiscal periods ending on those dates, are presented below:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  | Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 1,720,623 |  |  | $ | 2.92 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (48,201) |  |  | 2.92 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, December 31, 2021 | 1,672,422 |  |  | $ | 2.92 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 833,315 |  |  | 6.47 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (6,730) |  |  | 2.92 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (46,239) |  |  | 5.95 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, September 30, 2022 | 2,452,768 |  |  | $ | 4.07 |  |  | 2.29 |  | $ | 5,309
Exercisable, September 30, 2022 | 1,092,143 |  |  | $ | 2.92 |  |  | 1.31 |  | $ | 3,495

The summary of the Company’s non-vested SARs at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and the changes for the fiscal periods ending on those dates, are presented below:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested, December 31, 2020 | 1,720,623 |  |  | $ | 1.25 |
Vested | (1,147,074) |  |  | 1.27 |
Non-vested, December 31, 2021 | 573,549 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |
Granted | 833,315 |  |  | 3.99 |
Forfeited | (46,239) |  |  | 4.13 |
Non-vested, September 30, 2022 | 1,360,625 |  |  | $ | 2.81 |

The components of share-based compensation are as follows:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Recognized expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | 281 |
RSU awards(1) | 618 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 1,589 |  |  | 1,162 |
SARs | 566 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 1,463 |  |  | 260 |
Total recognized expense(2) | $ | 1,282 |  |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 3,291 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |

(1)The fair value of the RSUs granted under the Compensation Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was estimated at the date of grant, using the stated market price on the NYSE American.
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(2)Share-based compensation is recorded in Selling, General and Administration in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
At September 30, 2022, there were $0.30 million, $1.53 million, and $1.68 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the unvested stock options, RSU awards and SARs, respectively, to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.34 years, 1.89 years, and 1.05 years, respectively.
10. INCOME TAXES
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded an income tax provision of $0 on a loss before taxes of $9.25 million and $42.04 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded an income tax provision of $0 on a loss before taxes of $7.96 million and $29.66 million, respectively. The effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate were each 0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 which was primarily a result of the full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets.
As of September 30, 2022, we maintained a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets. We continually review the adequacy of the valuation allowance and intend to continue maintaining a full valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or a portion of the allowance. Should our assessment change in a future period, we may release all or a portion of the valuation allowance, which would result in a deferred tax benefit in the period of adjustment.
11. SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The components of other income (loss) are as follows:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Change in value of investments accounted for at fair value | $ | 3,121 |  |  | $ | 1,294 |  |  | $ | (13,716) |  |  | $ | 2,315 |
Change in value of warrant liabilities | — |  |  | (1,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,050) |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) | 1,229 |  |  | (536) |  |  | 2,361 |  |  | (216) |
Other | 60 |  |  | 666 |  |  | (104) |  |  | 1,863 |
Other income (loss) | $ | 4,410 |  |  | $ | 424 |  |  | $ | (11,459) |  |  | $ | (4,088) |

The components of trade and other receivables are as follows:

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Trade receivables | $ | 1,295 |  |  | $ | 1,858 |
Other | 157 |  |  | 1,753 |
Notes receivable, net | 343 |  |  | 343 |
| $ | 1,795 |  |  | $ | 3,954 |

As of September 30, 2022, the Company has $1.67 million in current and long-term other receivables with $1.57 million due from Consolidated Uranium Inc. (“CUR”, f/k/a International Consolidated Uranium, Inc., TSX-V:CUR) pursuant to the terms of the asset purchase agreement related to the sale of certain non-core conventional uranium projects and resulting deferred cash payments, and pursuant to the terms of the ongoing operating agreement with CUR.
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The components of accounts payable and accrued liabilities are as follows:

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Accounts payable | $ | 2,626 |  |  | $ | 3,038 |
Payroll liabilities | 617 |  |  | 1,988 |
Other accrued liabilities | 1,025 |  |  | 738 |
| $ | 4,268 |  |  | $ | 5,764 |

12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
General legal matters
Other than routine litigation incidental to our business, or as described below, the Company is not currently a party to any material pending legal proceedings that management believes would be likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
White Mesa Mill
In 2013, the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe filed a Petition to Intervene and Request for Agency Action challenging the Corrective Action Plan approved by the State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality (“UDEQ”) relating to nitrate contamination in the shallow aquifer at the Mill. The challenge is currently being evaluated and may involve the appointment of an administrative law judge (“ALJ”) to hear the matter. The Company does not consider this action to have any merit. If the petition is successful, the likely outcome would be a requirement to modify or replace the existing Corrective Action Plan. At this time, the Company does not believe any such modification or replacement would materially affect its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, the scope and costs of remediation under a revised or replaced Corrective Action Plan have not yet been determined and could be significant.
The UDEQ renewed in January 2018, then reissued with minor corrections in February 2018, the Mill’s radioactive materials license (the “Mill License”) for another ten years and the Groundwater Discharge Permit (the “GWDP”) for another five years, after which further applications for renewal of the Mill License and GWDP are required to be submitted. During the review period for each application for renewal, the Mill can continue to operate under its existing Mill License and GWDP until such time as the renewed Mill License or GWDP is issued. Most recently, on July 15, 2022, the routine GWDP renewal application was submitted to UDEQ for consideration.
In 2018, the Grand Canyon Trust, Ute Mountain Ute Tribe and Uranium Watch (collectively, the “Mill Plaintiffs”) served Petitions for Review challenging UDEQ’s renewal of the Mill License and GWDP and Requests for Appointment of an ALJ, which they later agreed to suspend pursuant to a Stipulation and Agreement with UDEQ, effective June 4, 2018. The Company and the Mill Plaintiffs held multiple discussions over the course of 2018 and 2019 in an effort to settle the dispute outside of any judicial proceeding. In February 2019, the Mill Plaintiffs submitted to the Company their proposal for reaching a settlement agreement. The proposal remains under consideration by the Company. The Company does not consider these challenges to have any merit and, if a settlement cannot be reached, the Company intends to participate with UDEQ in defending against the challenges. If the challenges are successful, the likely outcome would be a requirement to modify the renewed Mill License and/or GWDP. At this time, the Company does not believe that any such modification would materially affect its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
On August 26, 2021, the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe filed a Petition to Intervene and Petition for Review challenging the UDEQ’s approval of Amendment No. 10 to the Mill License, which expanded the list of Alternate Feed Materials that the Mill is authorized to accept and process for its source material content. Then, on November 18, 2021, the Tribe filed its Request for Appointment of an ALJ, followed shortly thereafter by a stay on the request in accordance with a Stipulation and Agreement between the Tribe, UDEQ and the Company. Discussions between the Company and the Tribe are ongoing in an effort to resolve the dispute and other outstanding matters without formal adjudication. However, the Company does not consider this action to have any merit. If the stay is lifted, an ALJ is appointed and the petition is successful, the likely outcome would be a requirement to modify or revoke the Mill License amendment. At this time, the Company does not believe any such modification or revocation would materially affect its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Surety Bonds
The Company has indemnified third-party companies to provide surety bonds as collateral for the Company’s asset retirement obligations. The Company is obligated to replace this collateral in the event of a default and is obligated to repay any reclamation or closure costs due. As of September 30, 2022, the Company has $20.99 million posted as collateral against an
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undiscounted asset retirement obligation of $42.91 million (December 31, 2021 - $20.31 million posted as collateral against an undiscounted asset retirement obligation of $41.34 million).
Commitments
The Company is contractually obligated under a Sales and Agency Agreement appointing an exclusive sales and marketing agent for all vanadium pentoxide produced by the Company.
13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On May 17, 2017, the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Robert W. Kirkwood and Benjamin Eshleman III to the Board of Directors of the Company.
Mr. Kirkwood is a principal of the Kirkwood Companies, including Kirkwood Oil and Gas LLC, Wesco Operating, Inc., and United Nuclear LLC (“United Nuclear”). United Nuclear owns a 19% interest in the Company’s Arkose Mining Venture while the Company owns the remaining 81%. The Company acts as manager of the Arkose Mining Venture and has management and control over operations carried out by the Arkose Mining Ve nture. The Arkose Mining Venture is a contractual joint venture governed by a venture agreement dated as of January 15, 2008 and entered into by Uranerz Energy Corporation, a wholly owned, indirectly held subsidiary of the Company (“Uranerz”) and United Nuclear (the “Venture Agreement”).
United Nuclear contrib uted nil to the expenses of the Arkose Joint Venture based on the approved budget for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (September 30, 2021 - $0.23 million).
On June 1, 2022, Uranerz renewed for a third year its Casper, Wyoming-based Office Lease Agreement with Metro, Inc. where Mr. Kirkwood acts as General Manager. Consistent with the prior year’s lease, the term is for a period of 12 months with rent in the amount of $15,000 paid in $1,250 monthly increments. The original Office Lease Agreement was entered into by the parties on June 1, 2020, for a period of 12 months, with rent paid in monthly increments of $1,000; an amendment effective October 1, 2020 increased the rent to $1,250 monthly for the remainder of the original lease term, for a total of $15,000 paid.
Mr. Benjamin Eshleman III is President of Mesteña LLC, which became a shareholder of the Company through the Company’s acquisition of Mesteña Uranium, L.L.C (now Alta Mesa LLC) and certain of its affiliates (collectively, the “Acquired Companies”) in June 2016. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Alta Mesa Properties held by the Acquired Companies are subject to a royalty of 3.125% of the value of the recovered U 3 O 8 from the Alta Mesa Properties sold at a price of $65.00 per pound or less, 6.25% of the value of the recovered U 3 O 8 from the Alta Mesa Properties sold at a price greater than $65.00 per pound up to and including $95.00 per pound, and 7.5% of the value of the recovered U 3 O 8 from the Alta Mesa Properties sold at a price greater than $95.00 per pound. The royalties are held by Mr. Eshleman and his extended family. In addition, Mr. Eshleman and certain members of his extended family are parties to surface use agreements that entitle them to surface use payments from the Acquired Companies in certain circumstances. The Alta Mesa Properties are currently being maintained on care and maintenance to enable the Company to restart operations as market conditions warrant, and as such, no royalty payments were made during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. The Company makes surface use payments on an annual basis to Mr. Eshleman and his immediate family members and has accrued $0.33 million as of September 30, 2022 (December 31, 2021 - nil).
On October 27, 2021, the Company began providing services to CUR under a mine operating agreement. The Company earned approximately $0.45 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, with approximately $0.08 million due from CUR at September 30, 2022. The Company provided no services to CUR under the toll milling agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
14. FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As required by accounting guidance, assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair values of cash, restricted cash, short-term deposits, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
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September 30, 2022 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Cash equivalents(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,137 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,137 |
Investments accounted for at fair value | 22,618 |  |  | 247 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,865 |
Marketable equity securities | 329 |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 371 |
Marketable debt securities | — |  |  | 11,254 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,254 |
| $ | 22,947 |  |  | $ | 41,680 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,627 |

(1) Cash equivalents are comprised of United States Treasury Bills and Government Agency Bonds, purchased within three months of their maturity date.

December 31, 2021 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Investments at fair value | 37,407 |  |  | 1,131 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,538 |
Marketable equity securities | 494 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 494 |
| $ | 37,901 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39,032 |

The Company’s investments in marketable equity securities are publicly traded stocks measured at fair value and classified within Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 marketable equity securities use quoted prices for identical assets in active markets, while Level 2 marketable equity securities utilize inputs based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. The Company's investments in marketable debt securities are valued using quoted prices of a pricing service and as such are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s investments accounted for at fair value consisting of Common Shares are valued using quoted market prices in active markets and as such are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s investments accounted for at fair value consisting of warrants are valued using the Black-Scholes option model based on observable inputs and as such are classified within Level 2 of the hierarchy.
Investments accounted for at fair value include the Company’s 14.8% investment in Virginia Energy Resources Inc. and its 17.6% investment in CUR. These investments provide the Company with the ability to have significant influence, but not control, over their operations. These investments were valued at $22.87 million as of September 30, 2022 (December 31, 2021- $38.54 million). During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized a loss of $13.72 million related to these investments in Other Income (Loss) in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (September 30, 2021- gain of $2.32 million). The fair value of the investments is calculated as the quoted market price of the marketable equity security multiplied by the quantity of shares held by the Company.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine-month period ended September 30, 2022 (the “Quarter”), and the related notes thereto, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Additionally, the following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. This Discussion and Analysis contains forward-looking statements and forward-looking information that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. See section heading “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” above.
While the Company has established the existence of multiple Mineral Resources and extracts and processes saleable uranium from these operations, the Company has only established Proven Mineral Reserves or Probable Mineral Reserves, as defined under SEC S-K 1300, at its Sheep Mountain Project. As a result, the Company is a “Development Stage Issuer” as defined by S-K 1300, as it is engaged in the preparation of Mineral Reserves for extraction on at least one material property. Under U.S. GAAP, for a property that has no Proven or Probable Reserves, the Company capitalizes the cost of acquiring the property (including mineral properties and rights) and expenses all costs related to the property incurred subsequent to the acquisition of such property. Acquisition costs of a property are depreciated over its estimated useful life for a revenue-generating property or expensed if the property is sold or abandoned. Acquisition costs are subject to impairment if so indicated.
All dollar amounts stated herein are in U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts and currency exchange rates unless specified otherwise. References to Cdn$ refer to Canadian currency, and $ to United States currency.
Overview
We responsibly produce several of the raw materials needed for clean energy and advanced technologies, including uranium, rare earth elements (“REEs”) and vanadium.
Our primary product is U 3 O 8 (also known as natural uranium concentrate or yellowcake), which, when further processed, becomes the fuel for the generation of clean nuclear energy. According to the Nuclear Energy Institute, nuclear energy provides nearly 20% of the total electricity and more than 50% of the clean, carbon-free electricity generated in the U.S. The Company generates revenues from extracting and processing materials for the recovery of uranium, vanadium and REEs for our own account, as well as from toll processing materials for others.
Our natural uranium concentrate is produced from multiple sources:
•Conventional recovery operations at the White Mesa Mill (the “White Mesa Mill” or “Mill”), including:
◦Processing ore from uranium mines; and
◦Recycling of Alternate Feed Materials, which are uranium-bearing materials that are not derived from conventional ore; and
•In Situ Recovery (“ISR”) operations.
The Company is also currently producing an intermediate REE product called mixed RE Carbonate. In 2020, the Company began evaluating the potential to recover REEs at the Mill. By October 2020, the Company had produced a mixed RE Carbonate, ready for separation, on a pilot scale from natural monazite sands. In December 2020, the Company entered into a contract to acquire natural monazite sands from a heavy mineral sands operation in Georgia, for the recovery of uranium and production of a commercially salable mixed RE Carbonate containing approximately 71% total rare earth oxide (“TREO”) on a dry basis. In March 2021, the Company began ramping up commercial-scale production of mixed RE Carbonate from these natural monazite sands. In July 2021, the Company announced the signing of a definitive supply agreement and began commercial shipments of RE Carbonate to a separation facility in Europe, which is the next step in producing usable REE products. Most recently, on May 19, 2022, the Company announced it had entered into binding mineral rights transfer agreements to acquire 17 mineral sand concessions in the State of Bahia, Brazil totaling approximately 37,300 acres or 58.3 square miles (the “Bahia Project”). The transactions are expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2022 or first quarter of 2023 upon the approval from Brazilian governmental authorities. Based on significant historical drilling performed to date, it is believed that the Bahia Project holds significant quantities of heavy minerals, including monazite, that will feed Energy Fuels’ quickly emerging U.S.-based REE supply chain. The mineral transfers have been initiated and the transactions are expected to close in late 2022 or early 2023 upon the approval of the Brazilian governmental authorities reviewing the pending transfers (see “Update on Rare Earth Element Initiative,” below).
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The Company is also in discussions with other entities around the world to acquire additional supplies of natural monazite sands and has worked with U.S. government agencies and national laboratories on various REE initiatives, including having completed work with the U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) to evaluate the potential to process other types of REE- and uranium-bearing ores at the Mill from coal-based resources. The Company is currently evaluating the potential to perform REE separation and other downstream REE activities, including metal-making and alloying, in the future at the Mill or elsewhere in the U.S., and is actively pursuing federal grants to help fund such efforts.
The Company also has a long history of conventional vanadium recovery at the Mill when vanadium prices support those activities. The Company holds several existing mines that contain vanadium resources, and the Mill has produced considerable quantities of vanadium from area mines during its operating history. From late 2018 to early 2020, the Company completed a campaign to recover vanadium from solutions in the tailings management system at the Mill (“Pond Return”) from which it recovered over 1.8 million pounds of high-purity V 2 O 5. The Company has also recovered uranium from Pond Return since 2015 and continues to evaluate opportunities for copper recovery from our Pinyon Plain Project.
Finally, pursuant to a strategic alliance with a technology development company, the Company is evaluating the feasibility of recovering radioisotopes from the Mill’s existing process streams for use in the development of medical isotopes for the potential treatment of cancer. This involves evaluating the potential to recover Th-232, and Ra-226 from the Company's existing RE Carbonate and uranium process streams at the Mill and the feasibility of recovering Ra-228 from the Th-232, Th-228 from the Ra-228 and concentrating Ra-226 at the Mill. Recovered Ra-228, Th-228 and Ra-226 would then be sold to pharmaceutical companies and others to produce Pb-212, Ac-225, Bi-213, Ra-224 and Ra-223, which are the leading medically attractive targeted alpha therapy (“TAT”) isotopes for the treatment of cancer. Existing supplies of these isotopes for TAT applications are in short supply, and methods of production are costly and currently cannot be scaled to meet the demand created as new drugs are developed and approved. This is a major roadblock in the research and development of new TAT drugs as pharmaceutical companies wait for scalable and affordable production technologies to become available. Under this initiative, the Company has the potential to recover valuable isotopes from its existing process streams for use in treating cancer, thereby recycling back into the market material that would otherwise not be recoverable from our Mill feed.
The Mill, located near Blanding, Utah, processes ore mined from the Four Corners region of the United States, as well as Alternate Feed Materials that can originate worldwide. The Mill is the only operating conventional uranium mill in the U.S. and the only operating facility in the U.S. with the ability to recover vanadium from primary ore sources. The Mill is licensed to process an average of 2,000 tons of ore per day and to produce approximately 8.0 million pounds of U 3 O 8 per year. The Mill has separate circuits to process conventional uranium and vanadium ores, as well as Alternate Feed Materials and REEs.
For the last several years, no mines have operated commercially in the vicinity of the Mill due to low uranium prices. As a result, in recent years, Mill activities have focused on processing Alternate Feed Materials for the recovery of uranium under multiple toll processing arrangements, as well as Alternate Feed Materials for our own account. Additionally, in recent years, the Mill has recovered dissolved uranium and vanadium through its Pond Return program from the Mill’s tailings management system that was not fully recovered during the Mill’s prior forty years of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Mill activities focused primarily on processing monazite sands for the recovery of uranium and production of RE Carbonate. The Company is actively pursuing additional monazite sands and Alternate Feed Materials for processing at the Mill.
The Company continues to pursue additional sources of feed materials for the Mill. For example, a significant opportunity exists for the Company to potentially participate in the clean-up of abandoned uranium mines in the Four Corners Region of the U.S. The U.S. Justice Department and Environmental Protection Agency announced settlements in various forms in excess of $1.5 billion to fund certain cleanup activities on the Navajo Nation. Additional cleanup settlements with other parties are also pending. Our Mill is within economic trucking distance, and is uniquely positioned in this region, to receive uranium-bearing materials from these cleanups and recycle the contained U 3 O 8, while, at the same time, permanently disposing of the cleanup materials outside the boundaries of the Navajo Nation in our licensed tailings management system. There are no other existing facilities in the U.S. capable of providing this service. In addition, as previously announced, beginning in the second quarter of 2019 and continuing through the second quarter of 2022, the Company received shipments of material generated in the cleanup of a large, historically producing conventional uranium mine located in northwest New Mexico. In addition to generating revenue for the Company, this project demonstrates the ability of the Mill to responsibly clean up projects similar to those requiring cleanup on the Navajo Nation.
The Company’s ISR operations consist of our Nichols Ranch Project and Alta Mesa Project, both of which are on standby at current uranium prices.
While the current spot price of uranium has not supported production for many global uranium producers over the past several years, having resulted in significant production cuts, the spot price of uranium has improved in recent months to levels that we believe could support production if these prices are sustained and result in long-term supply contracts with nuclear utilities. To date, the Company has entered into three long-term contracts with U.S. nuclear utilities with deliveries occurring from 2023 to
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2030 at supportive pricing and other terms. The Company also submitted bids to sell uranium to the new U.S. Uranium Reserve Program, which if accepted, could result in sales in 2022. In anticipation of potential price recoveries and additional contracts, we continue to maintain and advance our resource portfolio. We stand ready to: resume wellfield construction and resume production at our Nichols Ranch Project; resume wellfield construction, perform plant upgrades, conduct exploration, and resume production at our Alta Mesa facility; and mine and process resources from our Pinyon Plain Project, La Sal Project and/or Whirlwind Project. We believe we can bring this new production to the market within approximately six to eighteen months of a positive production decision. Longer term, we expect to develop our large conventional mines at Roca Honda, Henry Mountains and/or Sheep Mountain.
COVID-19
The Company continues to respond to the effects of the global coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on the Company’s business objectives, projections and workforce. To date, although the Company has made operational adjustments since the onset of the pandemic to ensure its workforce remains protected, the Company has not been required to shut down any operations as a result of COVID-19. None of these operational adjustments have been material to the Company. The Company has evaluated any potential future shutdown of Company production facilities as a result of COVID-19 and has determined that any such shutdown could be accommodated by the Company in a manner consistent with a typical shutdown of Company production facilities as a result of depressed commodity prices. Management believes the Company is well-capitalized and will be able to withstand facility shutdowns or depressed share prices as a result of COVID-19 for at least the next twelve months.
Update on Rare Earth Element Initiative
As previously disclosed, during the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company began commercial-scale partial separation of lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) on a small scale from its RE Carbonate, resulting in a higher-value carbonate (“Partially Separated RE Carbonate”) using an existing solvent extraction circuit at the Mill, which represents the first commercial level REE separation to occur in the U.S. in many years. The Partially Separated RE Carbonate, which is now our salable product, is an even more advanced RE Carbonate than was produced in 2021, as it contains a higher concentration of the valuable NdPr (“High Value TREO”). Then, on April 13, 2022, the Company announced that it had hired Carester SAS to support these REE separation initiatives, including more detailed scoping, cost estimation, permitting support, technical support, and design for commercial “light” REE separation infrastructure at the Mill.
On May 19, 2022, as discussed above, the Company announced it had entered into binding agreements to acquire the Bahia Project in Brazil for a total consideration of $27.50 million in cash, with $5.50 million due at signing and on completion of other benchmarks during a 90-day due diligence period and the remaining $22.00 million due at closing. Based on significant historical drilling performed to date, it is believed that the Bahia Project holds significant quantities of heavy minerals, including monazite, that can feed Energy Fuels’ quickly emerging U.S.-based REE supply chain. The Bahia Project is a well-known heavy mineral sand (“HMS”) deposit with over 3,300 historical vertical exploration auger holes drilled to date, indicating significant concentrations of titanium (ilmenite and rutile), zirconium (zircon), and REEs (monazite). Importantly, the mineralization is at or near the surface, so the material is expected to be relatively easy to recover using standard, low-cost sand mining techniques, including the use of front-end loaders, excavators and/or dredges. The Company is primarily interested in the monazite, which contains both REEs and uranium. Preliminary assay data indicates the monazite sand contained in the HMS concentrate ranges between 0.62% and 12.82%, and the uranium contained in the monazite is expected to be comparable to typical Colorado Plateau uranium deposits. Under the terms of the purchase agreements, the Company has entered into mineral rights transfer agreements with the sellers to acquire the 17 mineral sand concessions. The mineral transfers were initiated in mid-October 2022 and all other steps required by the parties to close have been taken at this time. The transactions are now expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2022 or first quarter of 2023 upon approval from the Brazilian governmental authorities. Upon acquisition, the Company plans to conduct an extensive exploration program to better define the HMS and monazite resource, including comprehensive sonic drilling and geophysical mapping, with the intent to undertake an Initial Assessment under SK-1300 (U.S.) and a Preliminary Economic Assessment under NI 43-101 (Canada) in 2023. Subject to closing, the acquisition of the Bahia Project is expected to be a significant step in Energy Fuels’ development as a major global REE producer based in the U.S.
Known Trends or Uncertainties
The Company has faced depressed uranium and vanadium prices in previous years, which have resulted in the Company having negative cash flows and net losses in previous years. We are not aware at this time of any trends or uncertainties that have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on revenues or income of the Company other than: (i) recent strengthening of uranium markets, which could result in the Company selling inventories at increased prices and/or signing additional contracts with nuclear utilities for the long-term supply of uranium; (ii) the recently implemented U.S. Uranium Reserve Program, which could result in improved uranium sales prices; and (iii) the Company’s REE and TAT radioisotope initiatives, which, if successful, could result in improved results from operations in future years. We are not aware at this time of any events that are reasonably likely to cause a material change in the relationship between costs and revenue of the Company.
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Uranium Market Update
According to monthly price data from TradeTech LLC (“TradeTech”), uranium spot prices fell during the Quarter. The uranium spot price began the Quarter at $50.50 per pound on June 30, 2022 and dropped 4% to $48.25 per pound by September 30, 2022. During the Quarter, the uranium spot price hit a high of $52.00 per pound during the week of September 2, 2022 and a low of $45.75 per pound during the week of July 15, 2022. TradeTech price data indicates that long-term U 3 O 8 prices were flat during the Quarter at $53.00 per pound. On October 28, 2022, TradeTech reported a spot price of $52.50 per pound and a long-term price of $53.00 per pound U 3 O 8.
The following important developments occurred during the Quarter:
–Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida asked for up to nine of the nation’s nuclear reactors to be ready for operation before winter to prepare for a possible power shortage, representing approximately 10% of Japan’s electricity demand (TradeTech, NMR, July 15, 2022).
–In July 2022, the UK government approved the development of the 3,200 MW Sizewell C nuclear power plant project, which is expected to be funded primarily by Electricite de France (EDF) (TradeTech, NMR, July 22, 2022).
–Term offers were due on August 1, 2022 for the DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration’s (“NNSA”) U.S. Uranium Reserve Program. The NNSA is seeking up to one million pounds of U 3 O 8, with individual awards ranging from 100,000 pounds to 500,000 pounds (TradeTech, NMR, July 29, 2022).
–The Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) became law in the U.S. after passing in both houses of Congress and signing by President Joe Biden, providing significant support for nuclear power in the U.S. The IRA creates a new tax credit for electricity produced by existing nuclear power plants for 2024 through 2032, along with a technology-neutral tax credit for all new clean electricity technologies, including advanced nuclear, placed into service in 2025 and later (TradeTech, NMR, August 12, 2022).
–Japanese Government Officials met on August 24, 2022 to discuss a “green transformation,” which will feature nuclear energy to meet climate goals. The plan includes the potential to restart up to 17 nuclear power plants beginning in the summer of 2023 (TradeTech, NMR, August 26, 2022).
–Nuclear power has been included in South Korea’s “green taxonomy,” reversing prior policy. This is a list of economic activities considered environmentally sustainable, making funding for nuclear reactors easier to achieve (TradeTech, NMR, September 23, 2022).
–Germany announced that one of its remaining nuclear reactors is expected to operate through March 2023, in line with the government’s plan to keep two of its three remaining reactors operational and in service longer than expected due to the European energy crisis (September 30, 2022).
The Company continues to believe that certain uranium supply and demand fundamentals point to higher sustained uranium prices in the future, including significant production cuts in recent years, along with significant increased demand from utilities, financial entities, traders and producers. Globally, the Company believes that nuclear energy is seeing greater acceptance by governments and policymakers as a solution to addressing the issues of climate change and energy security. The Company believes that financial entities purchasing uranium on the spot market for long-term investment continue to represent a fundamental shift in the uranium market due to increasing demand and removing readily available material from the market that would otherwise serve as supply to utilities, traders, and others. Further, the Company believes that Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine has sparked a widespread trend away from Russian-sourced nuclear fuel supply. The Company also continues to believe that a large degree of uncertainty exists in the market, primarily due to transportation issues, trade issues, the life of a given uranium mine, conversion and enrichment bottlenecks, the opaque nature of inventories and secondary supplies, unfilled utility demand, geopolitical risks including Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine, and the market activity of state-owned uranium and nuclear companies.
During the second quarter 2022, as a result of these factors, the Company successfully entered into three long-term uranium purchase and sale agreements with major U.S. utilities with satisfactory pricing and terms. No additional new uranium agreements were entered into during the Quarter. However, the Company continues to closely monitor uranium markets and seek additional opportunities to enter into long-term sales contracts with utilities at prices that sustain production, cover overhead costs, and provide a reasonable rate-of-return to investors while also providing the Company and its shareholders with exposure to further upside price movements. The Company is also continuing to evaluate its ramp-up back into production at certain of its conventional mines in anticipation of its fulfillment obligations, as well as the timing and method for the purchase and disposition of its existing uranium inventories, including selling into the spot market, selling to the U.S. Uranium Reserve Program, or as a part of one or more term contracts.
Rare Earth Market Update
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REEs are a group of 17 chemical elements (the 15 elements in the lanthanum series, plus yttrium and scandium) that are used in a variety of clean energy and advanced technologies. Monazite, the source of REEs currently produced by the Company, also contains significant recoverable quantities of uranium, which fuels the production of carbon-free electricity using nuclear technology. According to industry analyst Wood MacKenzie (formerly, Roskill), most demand for REE’s is in the form of separated REEs, “as most end-use applications require only one or two separated rare earth compounds or products.” (Roskill, Rare Earths, Outlook to 2030, 20 th Edition). The main uses for REEs include: (i) battery alloys; (ii) catalysts; (iii) ceramics, pigments and glazes; (iv) glass polishing powders and additives; (v) metallurgy and alloys; (vi) permanent magnets; (vii) phosphors; and (viii) others (Adamas Intelligence). By volume, REEs used for permanent magnets (neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), dysprosium (Dy), and terbium (Tb)) and catalysts (cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La)) comprised 60% of total consumption, yet over 90% of the value consumed.
Typical natural monazite sands from the southeast U.S. average about 55% TREO and 0.20% uranium, which is the typical grade of uranium found in many uranium mines that have historically fed the Mill. Of the 55% TREO typically found in the monazite sands, the neodymium and praseodymium (“NdPr”) comprise approximately 22% of the TREO. NdPr are among the most valuable of the REEs, as they are the key ingredient in the manufacture of high-strength permanent magnets which are essential to the lightweight and powerful motors required in electric vehicles (“EVs”) and permanent magnet wind turbines used for renewable energy generation, as well as in an array of other modern technologies. Monazite also contains higher concentrations of “heavy” rare earths, including dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb) used in permanent magnets, relative to other common REE ores.
The Company is currently primarily focused on NdPr and, to a lesser extent, La, Ce, Sm, Dy and Tb. The REE supply chain starts at the mine. REEs are mined both as a primary target, like the Mountain Pass REE mine in California, and as a byproduct, which is the case for Chemours’ Offerman Mineral Sand Plant, where the natural monazite sands are physically separated from the other mined sands. Mining creates an ore, which in the case of the Chemours material is the natural monazite sands that are physically separated from the other mined mineral sands. The ore will then go through a process of cracking and cleaning at the Mill that may include acids or caustic solutions, elevated temperature, and pressure to recover the uranium and free the REEs from the mineral matrix. After removal of the uranium, which will be sold into the commercial nuclear fuel cycle for the creation of carbon-free nuclear energy, this solution is cleaned of any remaining deleterious elements (including remaining radioactive elements) and made into an RE Carbonate, which is a form acceptable as a solvent extraction (“SX”) feedstock for REE separation. SX facilities then use solvents and a series of mixer-settlers for the separation of the REEs in the RE Carbonate from each other and to create the desired purified REE products (often as oxides) for the market or particular end user. Separated REE products are typically sold to various markets, depending on the use. Separated REE products can be made into REE metals and metal-alloys, which are used for magnets and other applications.
To date in 2022, the Mill has produced an RE Carbonate, substantially all of which has been sold to Neo Performance Materials (“Neo”). The Mill is evaluating the potential to perform SX REE separation, and potentially other downstream REE activities, including metal-making and alloying, in the future at the Mill or elsewhere in the U.S.
REEs are commercially transacted in a number of forms and purities. Therefore, there is no single price for REEs collectively, but numerous prices for various REE compounds and materials. The primary value the Company expects to generate in the short- to medium-term will come from NdPr, Ce, and La, as the price the Company receives from the sale of its RE Carbonate is tied to the prices of those REE oxides. In addition, the Company expects to produce separated REE oxides in the future. According to data from Asian Metal, NdPr Oxide (Pr O 25%; Nd O 75%) mid-point prices in China dropped approximately 28% during the Quarter from ¥933 RMB/kg (about $139/kg) to ¥670 RMB/kg (about $94/kg). The price for NdPr Oxide at November 2, 2022 was ¥650 RMB/kg (about $89/kg). The Ce Oxide (99.9%) mid-point prices in China dropped approximately 10% during the Quarter from ¥8.15 RMB/kg (about $1.22/kg) to ¥7.35 RMB/kg (about $1.03/kg). The price for Ce Oxide at November 2, 2022 was ¥7.25 (Asian Metal). The La Oxide (99.9%) mid-point prices in China price dropped approximately 7% during the Quarter from ¥7.65 RMB/kg (about $1.14/kg) to ¥7.10 RMB/kg (about $0.99/kg). The price for La Oxide at November 2, 2022 was ¥7.05/kg (Asian Metal). The Dy Oxide (99.5%) mid-point prices in China dropped approximately 8% during the Quarter from ¥2,490 RMB/kg (about $372/kg) to ¥2,290 RMB/kg (about $320/kg). The price for Dy Oxide at November 2, 2022 was ¥2,280/kg (Asian Metal). The Tb Oxide (99.99%) mid-point prices in China dropped approximately 9% during the Quarter from ¥14,200 RMB/kg (about $2,121/kg) to ¥12,900 RMB/kg (about $1,803/kg). The price for Tb Oxide at November 2, 2022 was ¥13,300/kg (Asian Metal).
The REE market is dominated by China, which produces 83% of refined REE products with other Asia Pacific operations providing an additional 15%. According to Wood MacKenzie (formerly Roskill), “Prices for rare earths in the years to come will follow different trajectories based on their involvement with the magnet industry.” Wood MacKenzie forecasts that prices for magnet elements, including neodymium (Nd) and praseodymium (Pr), will remain elevated through 2050, supporting new primary and secondary supply. Prices for elements used as additives or fillers in magnets, namely terbium (Tb) and dysprosium (Dy), will see “short-term price support followed by a steady decline as supply availability improves.” Prices for other non-
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magnet elements, including cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La), will remain stable at roughly the cost of production. Adamas Intelligence projects global demand for magnet REE oxides to increase by five-fold between 2020 and 2030.
Vanadium Market Update
During the Quarter, the mid-point price of vanadium in Europe dropped 13%, beginning the Quarter at $9.15 per pound V 2 O 5 as of June 30, 2022 and ending the Quarter at $8.00 per pound V 2 O 5 as of September 30, 2022. The price of vanadium was at its high of $9.15 per pound V 2 O 5 at the beginning of the Quarter. The price of vanadium was at its low of $8.00 per pound V 2 O 5 between July 22, 2022 and August 18, 2022, and at the end of the Quarter. As of November 2, 2022, the current price of vanadium is $7.80 V 2 O 5.
According to Fastmarkets, “[b]uying interest from ferro-vanadium’s traditional end users in the European steel sector remained weak…” Ferro-alloys activity improves slightly in Europe; Russian material faces ban (September 23, 2022). However, “recent news about Brazil’s vanadium producer Largo was likely to have supported buying interest.” (Ibid.) “Largo is targeting investors willing to trade physical vanadium, thereby gaining exposure to a key component of vanadium redox flow batteries – a developing alternative to lithium-ion batteries. (Ibid.) Also, “[o]n September 19, 2022, the Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI), an international body that certifies conflict-free materials, suspended Russian companies, because of Russia’s unprovoked invasion of Ukraine.” (Ibid.) This means that “Russian materials cannot be deemed conflict-free …”, “mak[ing] it difficult to use Russian raw materials in the supply chain in the future.” (Ibid.)
Operations Update and Outlook for the Period Ending September 30, 2022
Overview
The Company continues to believe that uranium supply and demand fundamentals point to higher sustained uranium prices in the future. In addition, Russia’s recent invasion of Ukraine and the recent entry into the uranium market by financial entities purchasing uranium on the spot market to hold for the long-term has the potential to result in higher sustained spot and term prices and, perhaps, induce utilities to enter into more long-term contracts with non-Russian producers like Energy Fuels to ensure security of supply and more certain pricing. Having recently secured three long-term uranium contracts with major U.S. utilities, the Company is beginning to perform the work needed to recommence production at one or more of its mines and ISR facilities, starting as soon as 2023. Until such time when the Company has ramped back up to commercial uranium production, it can rely on its significant uranium inventories to fulfill its new contract requirements. To that end, the Company purchased an additional 68,552 pounds of U. S. origin U 3 O 8 on the spot market in October 2022. The Company continues to evaluate selling a portion of its inventories on the spot market in response to future upside price volatility, into the newly created U.S. Uranium Reserve Program, or for delivery into additional long-term supply contracts if procured. During the first half of 2022, the Company also sold a portion of its vanadium inventory into then strengthening markets.
The Company will also continue to seek new sources of revenue, including through its emerging REE business, as well as new sources of Alternate Feed Materials and new fee processing opportunities at the Mill that can be processed without reliance on current uranium sales prices. The Company is also seeking new sources of natural monazite sands (in addition to the pending acquisition of the Bahia Project) for its emerging REE business, is evaluating the potential to recover radioisotopes for use in the development of TAT medical isotopes for the treatment of cancer, and continues its support of U.S. governmental activities to assist the U.S. uranium mining industry, including the new U.S. Uranium Reserve Program and other efforts to restore domestic nuclear fuel capabilities.
We continue to evaluate the optimal mix of production, inventory and purchases in order to retain the flexibility to deliver long-term value.
Extraction and Recovery Activities Overview
During 2022, the Company plans to recover 130,000 to 140,000 pounds of uranium, which is an increase over our previous guidance of 100,000 to 120,000 pounds of uranium in 2022. This increased uranium production in 2022, combined with other factors, has resulted in a delayed start of our second REE processing campaign in 2022, which is now expected to commence in November 2022 and carry over into Q1 2023. As a result, the Company now expects to produce approximately 205 tonnes of Partially Separated RE Carbonate in 2022 containing approximately 95 tonnes of High Value TREO, with the remaining production from the second 2022 REE processing campaign of approximately 410 tonnes of Partially Separated RE Carbonate containing approximately 200 tonnes of High Value TREO being packaged in and attributable to Q1 2023. The total expected production from this second 2022 campaign plus production to date in 2022 is equivalent to approximately 831 tons of non-separated RE Carbonate containing approximately 400 tonnes of non-separated TREO, which falls within our 2022 guidance of 650-1,000 tons of non-separated RE Carbonate containing 300-650 tonnes of non-separated TREO, although a portion of that total expected production will carry over into 2023.
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No vanadium production is currently planned during 2022, though the Company sold some of its existing vanadium inventory into recent strong markets and is evaluating the potential to recommence vanadium production in 2023 or later years as market conditions may warrant for future sale and to replace sold inventory.
The Company secured three new long-term sales contracts with U.S. nuclear utilities in May 2022 and is continuing to strategically pursue additional uranium sales commitments with pricing expected to have both fixed and market-related components. The Company believes that recent price increases, volatility and focus on security of supply in light of Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine have increased the potential for the Company to make uranium sales and procure additional term sales contracts with utilities at pricing that sustains production and covers corporate overhead. Therefore, existing inventories may increase from 760,000 pounds of U 3 O 8 (692,000 pounds as of September 30, 2022 plus 68,552 pounds acquired after quarter end) to 890,000 to 900,000 pounds of U 3 O 8 at year-end 2022 or may increase to a lesser extent, or be reduced, in the event the Company sells a portion of its inventory on the spot market, to the U.S. Uranium Reserve Program, or pursuant to term contracts in 2022.
ISR Activities
The Company expects to produce insignificant quantities of U 3 O 8 in the year ending December 31, 2022 from Nichols Ranch. Until such time when market conditions improve sufficiently, suitable term sales contracts can be procured, or the U.S. Uranium Reserve Program is expanded, the Company expects to maintain the Nichols Ranch Project on standby and defer development of further wellfields and header houses. The Company currently holds 34 fully permitted, undeveloped wellfields at Nichols Ranch, including four additional wellfields at the Nichols Ranch wellfields, 22 wellfields at the adjacent Jane Dough wellfields, and eight wellfields at the Hank Project, which is fully permitted to be constructed as a satellite facility to the Nichols Ranch Plant. The Company expects to continue to keep the Alta Mesa Project on standby until such time that market conditions improve sufficiently, suitable term sales contracts can be procured, or the U.S. Uranium Reserve Program is expanded.
Conventional Activities
Conventional Extraction and Recovery Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Mill did not package any material quantities of U 3 O 8, focusing instead on developing its REE recovery business. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Mill produced approximately 205 tonnes of Partially Separated RE Carbonate, containing approximately 95 tonnes of High Value TREO. The Mill recovered small quantities of uranium during the Quarter, which were retained in circuit. During 2022, the Company expects to recover 130,000 to 140,000 pounds of uranium at the Mill as finished product. The Company expects to recover approximately 205 tonnes of Partially Separated RE Carbonate (equivalent to approximately 277 tonnes of non-separated RE Carbonate) containing approximately 95 tonnes of High Value TREO (equivalent to approximately 128 tonnes of non-separated TREO) at the Mill during 2022. The Company expects to sell all or a portion of its mixed RE Carbonate to Neo or other global separation facilities and/or to stockpile it for future production of separated REE oxides at the Mill or elsewhere. The Company is in advanced discussions with several sources of natural monazite sands (in addition to the Bahia Project) to secure additional supplies of monazite sands, which if successful, would be expected to allow the Company to increase RE Carbonate production.
In addition to its 760,000 pounds of finished uranium inventories currently located at North American conversion facilities and at the Mill (692,000 pounds as of September 30, 2022 plus 68,552 pounds acquired after quarter end) and the 130,000 to 140,000 pounds of U 3 O 8 expected to be produced in 2022, the Company has approximately 170,000 pounds of U 3 O 8 contained in stockpiled Alternate Feed Materials (after taking into account fourth quarter production) and other ore inventory at the Mill that can be recovered relatively quickly in the future, as general market conditions may warrant (totaling about 1,060,000 to 1,070,000 pounds of U 3 O 8 of total uranium inventory). The Company is also seeking to acquire additional ore inventory from third party mine cleanup activities that can be recovered relatively quickly in the future.
The Company currently holds 987,000 pounds of V 2 O 5 in inventory, and there remains an estimated 1.0 to 3.0 million pounds of additional solubilized recoverable V 2 O 5 remaining in tailings solutions awaiting future recovery, as market conditions may warrant.
The Company currently expects that planned uranium production from Alternate Feed Materials, processing natural monazite sands for the recovery of uranium and REEs, and the receipt of uranium-bearing materials from mine cleanup activities will keep the Mill in operation through and beyond 2022. The Company is also actively pursuing opportunities to process additional sources of natural monazite sands, new and additional Alternate Feed Material sources, and new and additional low-grade mineralized materials from third parties in connection with various uranium clean-up requirements. Successful results from these activities would allow the Mill to extend operations well into and beyond 2023. If, at any time, the Company is unable to justify full operation of the Mill, the Company would place uranium, REE and/or vanadium recovery activities at the Mill on standby. While on standby, the Mill would continue to dry and package material from the Nichols Ranch Plant, if operating, and continue to receive and stockpile Alternate Feed Materials for future milling campaigns. Each future milling campaign
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would be subject to receipt of sufficient mill feed and resulting cash flow that would allow the Company to operate the Mill on a profitable basis or to recover all or a portion of the Mill’s standby costs.
Conventional Standby, Permitting and Evaluation Activities
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, standby and environmental compliance activities continued at the fully permitted and substantially developed Pinyon Plain Project (uranium and, potentially, copper) and the fully permitted and developed La Sal Complex (uranium and vanadium). The Company increased its number of employees, and continued carrying out engineering, procurement and construction management activities, at its Pinyon Plain Project during the Quarter. The timing of the Company’s plans to extract and process mineralized materials from these Projects will be based on sustained improvements in general market conditions, procurement of suitable sales contracts and/or the expansion of the U.S. Uranium Reserve Program.
The Company is selectively advancing certain permits at its other major conventional uranium projects, such as the Roca Honda Project, which is a large, high-grade conventional project in New Mexico. The Company is also continuing to maintain required permits at its conventional projects, including the Whirlwind Project, which is now in the process of recommencing mining operations, and the Sheep Mountain project. In addition, the Company will continue to evaluate the Bullfrog Project. Expenditures for certain of these projects have been adjusted to coincide with expected dates of price recoveries based on the Company’s forecasts. All of these projects serve as important pipeline assets for the Company’s future conventional production capabilities, as market conditions may warrant.
Uranium Sales
During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company did not enter into any new uranium sales contracts, having recently entered into three uranium sale and purchase agreements with major U.S. utilities in May 2022, constituting its first new long-term supply contracts since 2018. Having observed a marked uptick in interest from nuclear utilities seeking long-term uranium supply, the Company remains actively engaged in pursuing additional selective long-term uranium sales contracts. The Company submitted an offer to sell a portion of its inventories currently located at the ConverDyn conversion facility to the DOE’s newly created U.S. Uranium Reserve Program. The Company expects the DOE to issue the awards by mid-November, with deliveries expected to occur by the end of 2022 or early 2023. Thus, if the offer is accepted, the Company may complete some sales of uranium during 2022.
Vanadium Sales
As a result of strengthening vanadium markets, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold approximately 642,000 pounds of the Company’s existing inventory of V 2 O 5 (as ferrovanadium (“FeV”)) at a net weighted average price of $13.69 per pound of V 2 O 5. The Company expects to sell its remaining finished vanadium product when justified into the metallurgical industry, as well as other markets that demand a higher purity product, including the aerospace, chemical, and potentially the vanadium battery industries. The Company expects to sell to a diverse group of customers in order to maximize revenues and profits. The vanadium produced in the 2018/19 Pond Return campaign was a high-purity vanadium product of 99.6%-99.7% V 2 O 5. The Company believes there may be opportunities to sell certain quantities of this high-purity material at a premium to reported spot prices. The Company may also retain vanadium product in inventory for future sale, depending on vanadium spot prices and general market conditions.
RE Carbonate Sales
The Company commenced its ramp-up to commercial production of a mixed RE Carbonate in March 2021 and has shipped all of its RE Carbonate produced to-date to Neo’s REE separation plant, Silmet, where it is currently being fed into their separation process. All RE Carbonate produced at the Mill in 2022 is expected to be sold to Neo for separation at Silmet. Until such time as the Company expects to permit and construct its own separation circuits at the Mill, production in future years is expected to be sold to Neo for separation at Silmet and, potentially, to other REE separation facilities outside of the U.S. To the extent not sold, the Company expects to stockpile mixed RE Carbonate at the Mill for future separation and other downstream REE processing at the Mill or elsewhere. During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold approximately 89,000 kilograms of TREO at an average price of $25.03 per kilogram of TREO.
While the Company continues to ramp up its mixed RE Carbonate production and additional funds are spent on process enhancements, improving recoveries, product quality and other optimization, profits from this initiative are expected to be minimal until such time when monazite throughput rates are increased and optimized. However, even at the current throughput rates, the Company is recovering most of its direct costs of this growing initiative, with the other costs associated with ramping up production, process enhancements and evaluating future separation capabilities at the Mill being expensed as underutilized capacity production costs applicable to RE Carbonate and development expenditures. Throughout this process, the Company is gaining important knowledge, experience and technical information, all of which are valuable for current and future mixed RE Carbonate production and expected future production of separated REE oxides and other advanced REE materials at the Mill.
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The Company continues to make excellent progress toward installing full REE separation capabilities at the Mill to produce both “light” and “heavy” separated REE oxides in the coming years. The Company plans to initially install a “light” REE separation circuit within the existing Mill facilities in the next 12-18 months with the expected ability to produce between 2,500 – 5,000 tonnes TREO (500 – 1,000 tonnes NdPr oxide or oxalates) per year, subject to receipt of sufficient monazite feed. As this circuit would be constructed within existing Mill facilities, the capital expenditures are expected to be low. The Company is also proceeding with the design, engineering and permitting of a separate crack and leach circuit and a second larger “light” and “heavy” separations circuit with capacity in the order of 10,000 – 15,000 tonnes TREO per year to provide additional REE processing capacity at the Mill in the coming years.
The Company also continues to pursue new sources of revenue, including additional Alternate Feed Materials and other sources of feed for the Mill.
Continued Efforts to Minimize Costs
Although the Company is pursuing two exciting new initiatives - its REE and TAT radioisotope initiatives - in addition to its existing uranium and vanadium lines of business, which will likely require the Company to grow certain of its operations, the Company will continue to seek ways to minimize the costs of all its operations where feasible while maintaining its critical capabilities, manpower, and properties.
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Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands of U.S. dollars):

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RE Carbonate | $ | 1,673 |  |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 2,122 |  |  | $ | 269 |
Vanadium concentrates | 1,071 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,778 |  |  | — |
Alternate Feed Materials processing and other | 189 |  |  | 446 |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 1,255 |
Total revenues | 2,933 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 12,337 |  |  | 1,524 |
Costs and expenses applicable to revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs and expenses applicable to RE Carbonate | 1,091 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 1,313 |  |  | 278 |
Costs and expenses applicable to vanadium concentrates | 438 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,769 |  |  | — |
Underutilized capacity production costs applicable to RE Carbonate | — |  |  | 450 |  |  | 2,758 |  |  | 450 |
Total costs and expenses applicable to revenues | 1,529 |  |  | 728 |  |  | 7,840 |  |  | 728 |
Gross margin | 1,404 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 4,497 |  |  | 796 |
Other operating costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Development, permitting and land holding | 4,032 |  |  | 2,795 |  |  | 6,424 |  |  | 8,683 |
Standby costs | 3,564 |  |  | 2,250 |  |  | 10,362 |  |  | 6,503 |
Accretion of asset retirement obligation | 397 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | 1,022 |
Total other operating costs and expenses | 7,993 |  |  | 5,395 |  |  | 18,087 |  |  | 16,208 |
Selling, general and administration |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administration | 5,793 |  |  | 2,460 |  |  | 13,703 |  |  | 8,455 |
Share-based compensation | 1,282 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 3,291 |  |  | 1,703 |
Total selling, general and administration | 7,075 |  |  | 2,973 |  |  | 16,994 |  |  | 10,158 |
Total operating loss | (13,664) |  |  | (8,381) |  |  | (30,584) |  |  | (25,570) |
Other income (loss) | 4,410 |  |  | 424 |  |  | (11,459) |  |  | (4,088) |
Net loss | $ | (9,254) |  |  | $ | (7,957) |  |  | $ | (42,043) |  |  | $ | (29,658) |
Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $ | (0.06) |  |  | $ | (0.05) |  |  | $ | (0.27) |  |  | $ | (0.21) |

Revenues
Previously, the Company’s revenues from uranium were based on delivery schedules under long-term contracts, which could vary from quarter to quarter. During the second quarter the Company entered into three new long-term Uranium sales contracts. Future sales of uranium may be subject to sale in the spot market if not covered by these new contracts, the Company is unable to agree to terms for additional long-term sales contracts or, potentially, pursuant to direct government purchases under the newly established U.S. Uranium Reserve Program. The Company continues to sell vanadium recovered from Pond Return at the Mill under a Sales and Agency Agreement appointing an exclusive sales and marketing agent for all V 2 O 5 produced by the Company.
Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 totaled $2.93 million and $0.72 million, respectively, which were primarily related to increased shipments of vanadium concentrates and RE Carbonate.
Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 totaled $12.34 million and $1.52 million, respectively, which were likewise primarily related to a significant increase in shipments of vanadium concentrates and RE Carbonate, as well as fees for mineralized material received from clean-up of a third-party uranium mine. Revenues have increased year-to-
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date as a result of higher shipments of V 2 O 5 for processing and sale as FeV, as well as the increased production of approximately 205 tonnes of mixed Partially Separated RE Carbonate, containing approximately 95 tonnes of High Value TREO.
Costs and Expenses Applicable to Revenues
Uranium, Vanadium, and RE Carbonate recovered and costs and expenses applicable to revenue
During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 the Company did not recover any material quantity of pounds of U 3 O 8 or V 2 O 5 at the White Mesa Mill.
Costs and expenses applicable to revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $1.09 million related to sales of approximately 72 tonnes of TREO, $0.44 million related to sales of approximately 44,000 pounds of vanadium as FeV and $— million related to underutilized capacity production costs applicable to RE Carbonate processing.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company likewise did not recover any material quantity of pounds of U 3 O 8 or V 2 O 5 at the White Mesa Mill.
Costs and expenses applicable to revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $1.31 million related to sales of approximately 91 tonnes of TREO, $3.77 million related to sales of approximately 419,000 pounds of vanadium as FeV and $2.76 million related to underutilized capacity production costs applicable to RE Carbonate processing.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company began its RE Carbonate production run, and recovered approximately 205 tonnes of mixed Partially Separated RE Carbonate, containing approximately 95 tonnes of High Value TREO. To date, the Mill has focused on producing commercially salable RE Carbonate at low throughput rates. The Company has been very pleased with the resulting product it is shipping to Silmet and has continued to improve the quality of this RE Carbonate product during the Quarter. The Mill expects to increase its throughput rates as its supplies of monazite sands increase. The Company is in advanced discussions with several monazite suppliers to secure additional supplies of monazite sands, and once secured, we expect these additional supplies will result in sufficient throughput to reduce underutilized capacity production costs and allow the Company to realize its expected margins on a continuous basis.
Other Operating Costs and Expenses
Development, permitting and land holding
For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company spent $4.03 million for the future development of the Company’s properties, primarily related to land holding expenses, compared to $2.80 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, which were primarily incurred for the first-time development and ramp-up of the RE Carbonate production program at the Mill.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company spent $6.42 million for the future development of the Company’s properties, primarily related to land holding expenses, compared to $8.68 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which were primarily incurred for the first-time development and ramp-up of the RE Carbonate production program at the Mill.
While we expect the amounts relative to the items listed above have added future value to the Company, the Company expenses these amounts, in part due to the fact that the Company does not have Proven Mineral Reserves or Probable Mineral Reserves at any of the Company’s projects under S-K 1300 or NI 43-101 other than at the Sheep Mountain Project.
Standby costs
The Company’s La Sal Project was placed on standby in 2012 as a result of market conditions. In February 2014, the Company placed its Arizona 1 Project on standby. In the beginning of 2018, as well as the beginning of 2020, the Mill operated at lower levels of uranium recovery, including prolonged periods of standby. The Nichols Ranch Project was also placed on standby in early 2020. Costs related to the care and maintenance of the standby mines, along with standby costs incurred while the Mill is operating at low levels of uranium, vanadium, and RE Carbonate recovery or on standby, are expensed.
For the three months ended September 30, 2022, standby costs totaled $3.56 million, compared with $2.25 million in the prior year. The increase is primarily related to expenses incurred after the completion of RE Carbonate recovery at the end of the second quarter.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, standby costs totaled $10.36 million, compared with $6.50 million in the prior year. The increase is primarily related to expenses incurred while the Mill was operating at lower levels of RE Carbonate recovery.
Accretion
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Accretion related to the asset retirement obligation for the Company’s properties increased slightly for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $0.40 million compared with the prior year of $0.35 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, accretion increased to $1.30 million compared with the prior year of $1.02 million.
Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses for personnel, contract and professional services, marketing costs, share-based compensation expense and other general overhead expenditures. Selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $5.79 million and $13.70 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $2.46 million and $8.46 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase is primarily related to professional service fees as well as salaries and benefits in connection with additional headcount incurred associated with the Company’s efforts to enhance its business processes to prepare for the current and future growth in activity in our Uranium and REE operations.
Share-based compensation expense totaled $1.28 million and $3.29 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $0.51 million and $1.70 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase is due to Board approved annual 2022 grant of awards coupled with a higher grant date fair value.
Other Income (Loss)
For the three months ended September 30, 2022, other income (loss) was $4.41 million income, net. These amounts consist of a mark-to-market gain on investments accounted for at fair value of $3.12 million, gain on foreign exchange of $1.23 million and other income of $0.06 million.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, other income (loss) was $0.42 million income, net. These amounts consist of a $1.29 million mark-to-market gain on investments accounted for at fair value and other income of $0.67 million, partially offset by a mark-to-market loss on the increase in fair value of warrant liabilities of $1.00 million and a loss on foreign exchange of $0.54 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other income (loss) was $11.46 million loss, net. These amounts consist of a mark-to-market loss on investments accounted for at fair value of $13.72 million and other loss of $0.10 million, partially offset by a gain on foreign exchange of $2.36 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, other income (loss) was $4.09 million loss, net. These amounts primarily consist of a mark-to-market loss on the increase in fair value of warrant liabilities of $8.05 million and a loss on foreign exchange of $0.22 million, partially offset by a $2.32 million mark-to-market gain on investments accounted for at fair value and other income of $1.86 million.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Shares issued for cash
On November 5, 2018, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to its U.S. registration statement, qualifying for distribution up to $24.50 million in aggregate Common Shares under the ATM. Then, on the same date, the Company filed a base shelf prospectus whereby the Company may sell any combination of the “Securities” as defined thereunder in one or more offerings having an aggregate offering price of up to $150.00 million. On May 5, 2019, the prospectus supplement to its U.S. registration statement expired and was replaced on May 7, 2019 by a new prospectus supplement in the same amount, qualifying for distribution up to $24.50 million in aggregate Common Shares under the ATM. On December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, the Company filed prospectus supplements to its U.S. registration statement, qualifying for distribution up to $30.00 million and $35.0 million, respectively, in additional Common Shares under the ATM. On April 8, 2021, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to its U.S. registration statement, qualifying for distribution up to $33.50 million in additional Common Shares under the ATM. The Company filed a base shelf prospectus that went effective on March 18, 2021 whereby the Company may sell any combination of the “Securities” as defined thereunder in one or more offerings having an aggregate offering price of up to $300.00 million. On June 7, 2021, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to its U.S. shelf registration statement, qualifying for distribution up to $50.00 million in additional Common Shares under the ATM. Most recently, on January 3, 2022, the Company filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement to its U.S. shelf registration statement, qualifying for distribution up to $50.00 million in additional Common Shares under the ATM. Sales made pursuant to the above summarized U.S. shelf registration statements and prospectus supplements are made on the NYSE American at then-prevailing market prices, or any other existing trading market of the Common Shares in the United States.
Working capital at September 30, 2022 and future requirements for funds
At September 30, 2022, the Company had working capital of $122.33 million, including $77.09 million in cash and cash equivalents, $11.63 million of marketable securities, approximately 692,000 pounds of uranium finished goods inventory and
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approximately 987,000 pounds of vanadium finished goods inventory. The Company believes it has sufficient cash and resources to carry out its business plan for at least the next twelve months.
The Company manages liquidity risk through the management of its working capital and its capital structure.
Cash and cash flows
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were $98.08 million at September 30, 2022, compared to $132.82 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease of $34.75 million was due primarily to cash used in operating activities of $29.45 million, cash used in investing activities of $12.67 million and the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on cash held in foreign currencies of $0.08 million, partially offset by cash provided by financing activities of $7.46 million.
Net cash used in operating activities of $29.45 million is comprised of the net loss of $42.04 million for the period adjusted for non-cash items and for changes in working capital items. Significant items not involving cash were $2.53 million of depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, share-based compensation expense of $3.29 million, accretion of asset retirement obligation of $1.30 million, unrealized foreign exchange gain of $2.28 million, revision of asset retirement obligations of $0.24 million, change in investments accounted for at fair value of $13.72 million and other non-cash expenses, primarily related to the fair market valuation of investments of $0.30 million. Other items include a decrease in inventories of $2.73 million, a decrease in trade and other receivables of $0.57 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $7.61 million and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $1.70 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $12.67 million, which primarily related to $1.24 million for the purchase of property, plant and equipment for utilization in RE Carbonate production at the Mill, as well as $11.44 million in purchases of marketable debt securities in order to realize higher interest rates on the Company’s excess cash.
Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $7.46 million and consisted of $7.89 million in net proceeds from the issuance of shares under the Company’s ATM facility and cash received from exercises of stock options of $0.47 million, partially offset by $0.88 million cash paid to fund employee income tax withholdings due upon the vesting of RSUs and $0.01 million cash paid to settle and fund employee income tax withholdings due upon exercises of SARs.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were $120.53 million at September 30, 2021, compared to $40.99 million at December 31, 2020. The increase of $79.55 million was due primarily to cash provided by financing activities of $99.99 million and cash provided by investing activities of $1.60 million, partially offset by cash used in operating activities of $21.98 million and the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on cash held in foreign currencies of $0.06 million.
Net cash used in operating activities of $21.98 million is comprised of the net loss of $29.66 million for the period adjusted for non-cash items and for changes in working capital items. Significant items not involving cash were $2.36 million of depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, share-based compensation expense of $1.70 million, a $8.05 million change in warrant liabilities, accretion of asset retirement obligation of $1.02 million and unrealized foreign exchange loss of $0.44 million, offset by other non-cash expenses of $3.02 million and a revision of asset retirement obligations of $0.04 million. Other items include an increase in inventories of $1.67 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.68 million, a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $0.43 million, and an increase in trade and other receivables of $0.06 million.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $1.60 million comprised of $2.55 million cash received from maturities of marketable securities partially offset by $0.95 million cash used for the purchase of property, plant and equipment.
Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $99.99 million and consisted of $92.12 million in net proceeds from the issuance of shares under the Company’s ATM facility, cash received from exercises of warrants of $6.63 million, cash received from exercises of stock options of $1.72 million, and $0.23 million cash received from non-controlling interest partially offset by $0.66 million cash paid to fund employee income tax withholdings due upon the vesting of RSUs and $0.05 million cash paid to settle and fund employee income tax withholdings due upon exercises of SARs.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
The Company is exposed to risks associated with commodity prices, interest rates and credit. Commodity price risk is defined as the potential loss that we may incur as a result of changes in the market value of uranium, vanadium and REEs. Interest rate risk results from our debt and equity instruments that we issue to provide financing and liquidity for our business. Credit risk arises from the extension of credit throughout all aspects of our business. Industry-wide risks can also affect our general ability to finance exploration, and development of exploitable resources; such effects are not predictable or quantifiable. Market risk is the risk to the Company of adverse financial impact due to change in the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments as a result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
Commodity Price Risk
Our profitability is directly related to the market price of uranium, vanadium and REEs recovered. We may, from time to time, undertake commodity and currency hedging programs, with the intention of maintaining adequate cash flows and profitability to contribute to the long-term viability of the business. We anticipate selling forward in the ordinary course of business if, and when, we have sufficient assets and recovery to support forward sale arrangements, and forward sale arrangements are available on suitable terms. There are, however, risks associated with forward sale programs. If we do not have sufficient recovered product to meet our forward sale commitments, we may have to buy or borrow (for later delivery back from recovered product) sufficient product in the spot market to deliver under the forward sales contracts, possibly at higher prices than provided for in the forward sales contracts, or potentially default on such deliveries. In addition, under forward contracts, we may be forced to sell at prices that are lower than the prices that may be available on the spot market when such deliveries are completed. Although we may employ various pricing mechanisms within our sales contracts to manage our exposure to price fluctuations, there can be no assurance that such mechanisms will be successful. There can also be no assurance that we will be able to enter into term contracts for future sales of uranium, vanadium or RE Carbonate at prices or in quantities that would allow us to successfully manage our exposure to price fluctuations.
The Company currently has three long-term uranium supply contracts. All uranium sales not made under these contracts will be required to be made at spot prices until the Company enters into additional long-term contracts at satisfactory prices in the future. Future revenue will be affected by both spot and long-term U 3 O 8 price fluctuations which are beyond our control, including: the demand for nuclear power; political and economic conditions; governmental legislation in uranium producing and consuming countries; and production levels and costs of production of other producing companies. The Company continuously monitors the market to determine its level of extraction and recovery of uranium in the future.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash. The Company does not use derivatives to manage interest rate risk. Our interest income is currently earned in United States dollars. See Note 2 for further information pertaining to the fair value of our marketable securities.
Currency Risk
The foreign exchange risk relates to the risk that the value of financial commitments, recognized assets or liabilities will fluctuate due to changes in foreign currency rates. The Company does not use any derivative instruments to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Canadian dollar is the functional currency of the Company while the majority of the Company’s operating subsidiaries hold the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Fluctuations in the Canadian dollar exchange rate in relation to the U.S. dollar can increase or decrease profit margins and cash flows to the extent costs are paid or assets and liabilities are held in U.S. dollars. The U.S. dollar is the Company’s financial reporting currency.
The following table summarizes, in U.S. dollar equivalents, the Company’s foreign currency (Cdn$) exposures as of September 30, 2022 ($000):

Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,029 |
Trade and other receivables | 35 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (101) |
Total | $ | 963 |

The table below summarizes a sensitivity analysis for significant unsettled currency risk exposure with respect to our financial instruments as of September 30, 2022 with all other variables held constant. It shows how net income would have been affected by changes in the relevant risk variables that were reasonably possible at that date.
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('000s) | Change for Sensitivity Analysis | Increase (decrease) in other comprehensive income
Strengthening net earnings | +1% change in U.S. dollar / Cdn$ | $ | 13 |
Weakening net earnings | -1% change in U.S. dollar / Cdn$ | $ | (13) |

Credit Risk
Credit risk relates to cash and cash equivalents, trade, and other receivables that arise from the possibility that any counterparty to an instrument fails to perform. The Company primarily transacts with highly rated counterparties and a limit on contingent exposure has been established for any counterparty based on that counterparty’s credit rating. As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk was the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and trade and note receivables.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and to ensure that material information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, with assistance from other members of management, have reviewed the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2022 and, based on their evaluation, have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date as was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
We are not aware of any material pending or threatened litigation or of any proceedings known to be contemplated by governmental authorities that are, or would be, likely to have a material adverse effect upon us or our operations, taken as a whole that was not disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, or in this Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.
The mine safety disclosures required by section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K are included in Exhibit 95.1 of this Quarterly Report, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 4.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.
Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:
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Exhibit |  |
Number | Description |
3.1 | Articles of Continuance dated September 2, 2005 (1) |
3.2 | Articles of Amendment dated May 26, 2006 (2) |
3.3 | By-laws (3) |
4.1 | Uranerz Energy Corporation 2005 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated as of June 15, 2011 (4) |
4.2 | Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement between Energy Fuels Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, dated March 18, 2021 (5) |
4.3 | 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated on March 18, 2021 (6) |
10.1 | Sales Agreement by and among Energy Fuels Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC and Roth Capital Partners, LLC, dated May 6, 2019 (7) |
10.2 | Employment Agreement by and between Energy Fuels Inc. and Mark Chalmers dated March 18, 2021 (8) |
10.3 | Employment Agreement by and between Energy Fuels Inc. and David C. Frydenlund dated March 18, 2021 (9) |
10.4 | Employment Agreement by and between Energy Fuels Inc. and Curtis Moore dated October 6, 2017 (10) |
10.5 | Employment Agreement by and between Energy Fuels Inc. and Dee Ann Nazarenus dated September 1, 2020 (11) |
10.6 | Employment Agreement by and between Energy Fuels Inc. and Scott Bakken dated September 1, 2020 (12) |
10.7 | Employment Agreement by and between Energy Fuels Inc. and John Uhrie dated June 24, 2022, effective as of August 1, 2022 (13) |
10.8 | Employment Agreement by and between Energy Fuels Inc. and Tom Brock dated July 11, 2022 (14) |
10.9 | Material Rights Purchase Agreement between G4 Esmeralda Ltda. and Energy Fuels Inc. dated May 19, 2022 (15) |
23.1 | Consent of Mark S. Chalmers |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
95.1 | Mine Safety Disclosure |
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document |
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension – Schema |
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension – Calculations |
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension – Definitions |
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension – Labels |
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension – Presentations |

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(1) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Energy Fuels’ Form F-4 filed with the SEC on May 8, 2015.
(2) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Energy Fuels’ Form F-4 filed with the SEC on May 8, 2015.
(3) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of Energy Fuels’ Form F-4 filed with the SEC on May 8, 2015.
(4) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Energy Fuels’ Form S-8 filed on June 24, 2015.
(5) | Incorporated by reference to Appendix B of Energy Fuels’ Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 2, 2021.
(6) | Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of Energy Fuels’ Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 2, 2021.
(7) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Energy Fuels’ Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 2019.
(8) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Energy Fuels’ Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 22, 2021.
(9) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Energy Fuels’ Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 22, 2021.
(10) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Energy Fuels’ Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020.
(11) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Energy Fuels’ Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020.
(12) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Energy Fuels’ Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 2, 2020.
(13) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Energy Fuels’ Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 30, 2022.
(14) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Energy Fuels’ Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 2022.
(15) | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Energy Fuels’ Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2022.

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
ENERGY FUELS INC.
(Registrant)

Dated: November 4, 2022 | By: | /s/ Mark S. Chalmers
|  | Mark S. Chalmers
|  | President & Chief Executive Officer
Dated: November 4, 2022 | By: | /s/ Tom L. Brock
|  | Tom L. Brock
|  | Chief Financial Officer

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