10-Q 1 viavq2fy1810-q.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 30, 2017
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from |  |  |  | to |  |

Commission File Number 0-22874
Viavi Solutions Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 94-2579683
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

6001 America Center Drive, 6th Floor, San Jose, California 95002
(Address of principal executive offices including Zip code)
(408) 404-3600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer,
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | o | Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | o | Smaller reporting company | o | Emerging growth company | o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. | o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of January 26, 2018 the Registrant had 225,924,290 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS | Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2
| Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 | 3
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017 | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 | 5
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 29
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risks | 42
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 42
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION | 42
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 42
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 42
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 43
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 43
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 43
| Item 5. | Other Information | 43
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 44
SIGNATURES | 45

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Table of Contents
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product revenue | $ | 177.5 |  |  | $ | 184.2 |  |  | $ | 349.4 |  |  | $ | 372.5 |
Service revenue | 24.3 |  |  | 22.3 |  |  | 47.6 |  |  | 44.8 |
Total net revenues | 201.8 |  |  | 206.5 |  |  | 397.0 |  |  | 417.3 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product cost of revenue | 69.6 |  |  | 64.7 |  |  | 133.1 |  |  | 133.3 |
Service cost of revenue | 12.0 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 23.4 |  |  | 26.7 |
Amortization of acquired technologies | 4.1 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 8.2 |  |  | 7.5 |
Total cost of revenues | 85.7 |  |  | 81.8 |  |  | 164.7 |  |  | 167.5 |
Gross profit | 116.1 |  |  | 124.7 |  |  | 232.3 |  |  | 249.8 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 29.9 |  |  | 35.9 |  |  | 59.0 |  |  | 72.0 |
Selling, general and administrative | 76.6 |  |  | 76.9 |  |  | 149.1 |  |  | 152.3 |
Amortization of other intangibles | 3.4 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 6.9 |
Restructuring and related charges | 2.5 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 1.8 |
Total operating expenses | 112.4 |  |  | 118.0 |  |  | 218.6 |  |  | 233.0 |
Income from operations | 3.7 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | 13.7 |  |  | 16.8 |
Interest and other income, net | 2.9 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 5.1 |
Gain on sale of investments | — |  |  | 53.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 135.4 |
Interest expense | (11.7 | ) |  | (9.4 | ) |  | (24.2 | ) |  | (18.6 | )
(Loss) income before taxes | (5.1 | ) |  | 55.0 |  |  | (7.4 | ) |  | 138.7 |
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes | (1.4 | ) |  | 5.8 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 11.5 |
Net (loss) income | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | (8.5 | ) |  | $ | 127.2 |
Net (loss) income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.55 |
Diluted | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.54 |
Shares used in per-share calculation - basic | 227.4 |  |  | 230.5 |  |  | 227.7 |  |  | 231.4 |
Shares used in per-share calculation - diluted | 227.4 |  |  | 234.2 |  |  | 227.7 |  |  | 235.8 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Net (loss) income | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | (8.5 | ) |  | $ | 127.2 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax | 7.1 |  |  | (25.6 | ) |  | 17.3 |  |  | (22.2 | )
Net change in available-for-sale investments, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during period | (0.4 | ) |  | (10.2 | ) |  | (0.4 | ) |  | 74.2 |
Less: reclassification adjustments included in net (loss) income | — |  |  | (52.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (134.2 | )
Net change in defined benefit obligation, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial losses | 0.5 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.9 |
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss | 7.2 |  |  | (88.1 | ) |  | 17.8 |  |  | (81.3 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | (38.9 | ) |  | $ | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 45.9 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except share and par value data)
(unaudited)

| December 30, 2017 |  | July 1, 2017
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 753.1 |  |  | $ | 1,004.4 |
Short-term investments | 452.3 |  |  | 432.2 |
Restricted cash | 7.4 |  |  | 11.2 |
Accounts receivable, net | 139.9 |  |  | 120.4 |
Inventories, net | 77.3 |  |  | 48.0 |
Prepayments and other current assets | 49.7 |  |  | 50.8 |
Total current assets | 1,479.7 |  |  | 1,667.0 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 135.5 |  |  | 136.9 |
Goodwill | 170.7 |  |  | 151.6 |
Intangibles, net | 43.3 |  |  | 31.1 |
Deferred income taxes | 115.0 |  |  | 109.5 |
Other non-current assets | 14.2 |  |  | 14.4 |
Total assets | $ | 1,958.4 |  |  | $ | 2,110.5 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 38.7 |  |  | $ | 32.6 |
Accrued payroll and related expenses | 44.6 |  |  | 43.8 |
Deferred revenue | 67.6 |  |  | 60.2 |
Accrued expenses | 29.7 |  |  | 30.8 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 436.8 |  |  | — |
Other current liabilities | 62.6 |  |  | 61.4 |
Total current liabilities | 680.0 |  |  | 228.8 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion | 362.2 |  |  | 931.4 |
Other non-current liabilities | 162.8 |  |  | 163.9 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 1 million shares authorized; 1 share at December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 1 billion shares authorized; 227 million shares at December 30, 2017 and 228 million shares at July 1, 2017, issued and outstanding | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Additional paid-in capital | 70,173.8 |  |  | 70,184.4 |
Accumulated deficit | (69,346.0 | ) |  | (69,305.8 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (74.6 | ) |  | (92.4 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 753.4 |  |  | 786.4 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,958.4 |  |  | $ | 2,110.5 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(unaudited)

| Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (8.5 | ) |  | $ | 127.2 |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation expense | 16.7 |  |  | 15.5 |
Amortization of acquired technologies and other intangibles | 14.7 |  |  | 14.4 |
Stock-based compensation | 15.2 |  |  | 17.8 |
Asset retirement obligations and deferred rent expenses | 0.3 |  |  | (0.2 | )
Amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of debt discount | 18.8 |  |  | 15.0 |
Amortization of discount and premium on investments, net | 0.2 |  |  | 0.8 |
Gain on sale of investments | — |  |  | (135.4 | )
Loss on disposal of assets | 1.5 |  |  | 1.7 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt | 3.8 |  |  | — |
Noncash accounts receivable charges | 4.3 |  |  | 1.6 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of impact of acquisitions of businesses: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (18.7 | ) |  | (21.2 | )
Inventories | (19.1 | ) |  | (0.6 | )
Other current and non-currents assets | 5.1 |  |  | (7.1 | )
Accounts payable | 2.4 |  |  | (9.8 | )
Income taxes payable | (0.6 | ) |  | 3.7 |
Deferred revenue, current and non-current | 4.4 |  |  | (16.9 | )
Deferred taxes, net | (2.4 | ) |  | (0.9 | )
Accrued payroll and related expenses | (0.8 | ) |  | (1.5 | )
Accrued expenses and other current and non-current liabilities | (2.4 | ) |  | 32.6 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 34.9 |  |  | 36.7 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Purchases of available-for-sale investments | (297.6 | ) |  | (373.0 | )
Maturities of available-for-sale investments | 250.3 |  |  | 201.2 |
Sales of available-for-sale investments | 26.6 |  |  | 234.3 |
Changes in restricted cash | 4.5 |  |  | 0.9 |
Capital expenditures | (14.9 | ) |  | (20.1 | )
Proceeds from the sale of assets | 2.3 |  |  | 2.8 |
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired | (56.2 | ) |  | — |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (85.0 | ) |  | 46.1 |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (31.0 | ) |  | (39.7 | )
Withholding tax payment on vesting of restricted stock awards | (8.9 | ) |  | (7.8 | )
Repurchase and redemption of convertible debt | (175.0 | ) |  | — |
Payment of financing obligations | (0.9 | ) |  | (0.4 | )
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options and employee stock purchase plan | 2.5 |  |  | 4.0 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (213.3 | ) |  | (43.9 | )
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | 12.1 |  |  | (16.1 | )
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (251.3 | ) |  | 22.8 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period | 1,004.4 |  |  | 482.9 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period | $ | 753.1 |  |  | $ | 505.7 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Basis of Presentation
The financial information for Viavi Solutions Inc. (“VIAVI” also referred to as “the Company”, “we”, “our” and “us”) as of December 30, 2017 and for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is unaudited, and includes all normal and recurring adjustments Company management (“Management”) considers necessary for a fair statement of the financial information set forth herein, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, such information does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 1, 2017.
The balance sheet as of July 1, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The results for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 may not be indicative of results for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018 or any future periods.
Fiscal Years
The Company utilizes a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to June 30th. The Company’s fiscal 2018 is a 52-week year ending on June 30, 2018. The Company’s fiscal 2017 was a 52-week year ending on July 1, 2017.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the reported amount of net revenues and expenses and the disclosure of commitments and contingencies during the reporting periods. The Company bases estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions about the future that are believed to be reasonable based on available information. The Company’s reported financial positions or results of operations may be materially different under changed conditions or when using different estimates and assumptions, particularly with respect to significant accounting policies. If estimates or assumptions differ from actual results, subsequent periods are adjusted to reflect more current information.
Note 2. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that clarifies the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under the relevant authoritative guidance. The guidance is to be applied prospectively, and is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements, absent any award(s) modified on or after adoption date.
In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance that will require that the amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents would be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The new guidance also requires certain disclosures to supplement the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Other than changes in the presentation within the statements of cash flows and additional required disclosures, the adoption of this new accounting guidance will not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance that requires entities to recognize at the transaction date the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance that changes the accounting for recognizing impairments of financial assets. Under the new guidance, credit losses for certain types of financial instruments will be estimated based on expected losses. The new guidance also modifies the impairment models for available-for-sale debt securities and for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and earlier adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance regarding both operating and financing leases, requiring lessees to recognize on their balance sheets “right-of-use assets” and corresponding lease liabilities, measured on a discounted basis over the lease term. Virtually all leases will be subject to this treatment except leases that meet the definition of a “short-term lease.” The guidance requires a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The guidance is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. While the Company is not yet in a position to assess the full impact of the application of the new guidance, the Company expects adoption of this guidance will materially increase the assets and liabilities recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In May 2014, the FASB issued new authoritative guidance related to revenue recognition from contracts with customers. This new guidance will replace current U.S. GAAP guidance on this topic and eliminate industry-specific guidance. The new guidance provides a unified model to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of the new guidance is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This new guidance allows for either full retrospective adoption or modified retrospective adoption. The FASB deferred the effective date for this new guidance by one year to December 15, 2017 for annual reporting periods beginning after such date.The Company will adopt the guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 using the full retrospective method, reflecting the application of the new standard in each prior reporting period.
In preparation for the implementation and adoption of the new guidance, the Company has established a cross-functional team and implementation plan to identify processes, systems and internal controls over financial reporting impacted by the new guidance. The implementation plan includes comparison of the Company’s historical accounting policies and practices to the requirements of the new guidance, and identifying differences from applying the requirements of the new guidance to the Company’s contracts, consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
While the Company’s assessment of the potential impacts of the new guidance is not yet complete, initially the Company believes the most significant impact on the accounting for contracts with customers will be for certain arrangements that include sales of software solutions bundled with post-contract support (PCS) and/or services, where VSOE has not been established for the PCS and/or the services. Due to lack of VSOE under the current guidance, the Company defers recognition of any revenue attributable to such arrangements until the services lacking VSOE are complete. Such revenue is then recognized ratably over the remaining support term. The requirement to have VSOE for undelivered elements to enable the separation of the revenue for delivered software is eliminated under the new guidance and the Company will be required to allocate total contract revenue to each element (referred to as a distinct performance obligation under the new standard) based on either an established or estimated standalone selling price. Accordingly, a portion of the revenue for these types of contracts with customers will be recognized when the software or software solution is transferred to the customer. Dependent on contract-specific terms, the Company expects the actual revenue recognition treatment and timing will vary under the new guidance for some of these arrangements. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 3. Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share (in millions, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | (8.5 | ) |  | $ | 127.2 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 227.4 |  |  | 230.5 |  |  | 227.7 |  |  | 231.4 |
Effect of dilutive securities from stock-based benefit plans | — |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.4 |
Diluted | 227.4 |  |  | 234.2 |  |  | 227.7 |  |  | 235.8 |
Net (loss) income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.55 |
Diluted | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.54 |

The following table sets forth the weighted-average potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of the diluted net (loss) income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 (1) (2) |  | December 31, 2016 (1) |  | December 30, 2017 (1) (2) |  | December 31, 2016 (1)
Stock options and ESPP | 1.6 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 1.6 |
Restricted Stock Units | 7.7 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | — |
Total potentially dilutive securities | 9.3 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | 1.6 |

(1) The Company’s 0.625% Senior Convertible Notes due 2033 are not included in the table above. The par amount of convertible notes is payable in cash equal to the principal amount of the notes plus any accrued and unpaid interest and then the “in-the-money” conversion benefit feature at the conversion price above $11.28 per share is payable in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of both at the Company’s election. Refer to “Note 10. Debt” for more details.
(2) The Company’s 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes due 2024 are not included in the table above. The par amount of convertible notes is payable in cash equal to the principal amount of the notes plus any accrued and unpaid interest and then the “in-the-money” conversion benefit feature at the conversion price above $13.22 per share is payable in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of both at the Company’s election. Refer to “Note 10. Debt” for more details.
Note 4. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the accumulated net unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments, foreign currency translation adjustments and change in unrealized components of defined benefit obligations.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

For the six months ended December 30, 2017 the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component net of tax were as follows (in millions):

| Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for sale investments |  | Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | Change in unrealized components of defined benefit obligations (1) |  | Total
Beginning balance as of July 1, 2017 | $ | (5.3 | ) |  | $ | (65.3 | ) |  | $ | (21.8 | ) |  | $ | (92.4 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification | (0.4 | ) |  | 17.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 16.9 |
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.9 |
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income | (0.4 | ) |  | 17.3 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 17.8 |
Ending balance as of December 30, 2017 | $ | (5.7 | ) |  | $ | (48.0 | ) |  | $ | (20.9 | ) |  | $ | (74.6 | )

(1) The amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss represents the amortization of actuarial losses included as a component of cost of revenues, research and development (“R&D”) and selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the six months ended December 30, 2017. There was no tax impact for the six months ended December 30, 2017. Refer to “Note 15. Employee Pension and Other Benefit Plans” for more details on the computation of net periodic cost for pension plans.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 5. Mergers and Acquisitions
On August 9, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Trilithic, Inc. (“Trilithic”), a privately-held provider of electronic test and measurement equipment for telecommunications service providers. The Company acquired all outstanding shares of Trilithic for $55.5 million in cash, subject to working capital adjustments. The Company finalized working capital adjustments in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 and made an additional $0.9 million cash payment. The Trilithic acquisition is being integrated into the Company’s Network Enablement (“NE”) segment.
The Company accounted for the transaction in accordance with the authoritative guidance on business combinations. Therefore, the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date, and acquisition-related costs totaling $0.9 million were included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations during the six months ended December 30, 2017.
The purchase price was allocated as follows (in millions) :

Net tangible assets acquired |  | $ | 11.8 |
Intangible assets acquired: |  |
Developed technology |  | 15.5 |
Customer relationships |  | 11.0 |
Other |  | 0.3 |
Goodwill |  | 17.8 |
Total purchase price |  | $ | 56.4 |

.
The following table summarizes the components of the tangible assets acquired at fair value (in millions):

Cash |  | $ | 0.2 |
Accounts receivable |  | 3.2 |
Inventory |  | 10.1 |
Property and equipment |  | 1.2 |
Accounts payable |  | (1.7 | )
Other liabilities, net of other assets |  | (1.2 | )
Net tangible assets acquired |  | $ | 11.8 |

Acquired intangible assets are classified as Level 3 assets for which fair value is derived from valuation based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The fair value of acquired developed technology, customer relationships, and other intangible assets was determined based on an income approach using the discounted cash flow method. The intangible assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives that range from three to five years for the acquired developed technology and customer relationships.
The goodwill arising from this acquisition is primarily attributed to sales of future products and services and the assembled workforce of Trilithic. Goodwill has been assigned to the NE segment and is not deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is not being amortized but is reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, in accordance with authoritative guidance.
Trilithic’s results of operations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements subsequent to the date of acquisition. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material to prior period financial statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 6. Balance Sheet and Other Details
Accounts receivable reserves and allowances
The components of accounts receivable reserves and allowances were as follows (in millions):

| December 30, 2017 |  | July 1, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |
Sales allowance | 5.2 |  |  | 3.4 |
Total accounts receivable reserves and allowances | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 5.0 |

The activities and balances for allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows (in millions):

| July 1, 2017 |  | Acquisition of Trilithic (1) |  | Charged to Costs and Expenses |  | Deduction |  | December 30, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 1.6 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | 1.6 |

(1) See “Note 5. Mergers and Acquisitions” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for detail of acquisition.
Inventories, net
The components of inventories, net were as follows (in millions):

| December 30, 2017 |  | July 1, 2017
Finished goods | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 24.9 |
Work in process | 12.8 |  |  | 10.3 |
Raw materials | 20.9 |  |  | 12.8 |
Inventories, net | $ | 77.3 |  |  | $ | 48.0 |

Prepayments and other current assets
The components of prepayments and other current assets were as follo ws (in millions):

| December 30, 2017 |  | July 1, 2017
Prepayments | $ | 10.7 |  |  | $ | 8.3 |
Asset held for sale | 3.0 |  |  | — |
Other current assets | 36.0 |  |  | 42.5 |
Prepayments and other current assets | $ | 49.7 |  |  | $ | 50.8 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Other current liabilities
The components of other current liabilities were as follows (in millions):

| December 30, 2017 |  | July 1, 2017
Customer prepayments | $ | 35.8 |  |  | $ | 35.2 |
Restructuring accrual | 7.5 |  |  | 8.8 |
Income tax payable | 5.5 |  |  | 3.3 |
Warranty accrual | 3.6 |  |  | 2.9 |
VAT liabilities | 2.4 |  |  | 2.2 |
Deferred compensation plan | 2.2 |  |  | 2.0 |
Other | 5.6 |  |  | 7.0 |
Other current liabilities | $ | 62.6 |  |  | $ | 61.4 |

Other non-current liabilities
The components of other non-current liabilities were as follo ws (in millions):

| December 30, 2017 |  | July 1, 2017
Pension and post-employment benefits | $ | 102.7 |  |  | $ | 99.4 |
Financing obligation | 27.5 |  |  | 27.8 |
Long-term deferred revenue | 11.7 |  |  | 14.0 |
Other | 20.9 |  |  | 22.7 |
Other non-current liabilities | $ | 162.8 |  |  | $ | 163.9 |

Note 7. Investments, Forward Contracts and Fair Value Measurements
Available-For-Sale Investments
The Company’s investments in marketable debt securities were primarily classified as available-for-sale securities. As of December 30, 2017, the Company’s available-for-sale securities were as follows (in millions):

| Amortized Cost/ Carrying Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries | $ | 94.1 |  |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | 94.0 |
U.S. agencies | 23.0 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 22.9 |
Municipal bonds and sovereign debt instruments | 2.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.9 |
Asset-backed securities | 55.9 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | 55.5 |
Corporate securities | 336.4 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | 336.0 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 512.3 |  |  | $ | (1.0 | ) |  | $ | 511.3 |

The Company generally classifies debt securities as cash equivalents, short-term investments or other non-current assets based on the stated maturities; however, certain securities with stated maturities of longer than twelve months which are highly liquid and available to support current operations are also classified as short-term investments. As of December 30, 2017, of the total estimated fair value, $60.6 million was classified as cash equivalents, $450.1 million was classified as short-term investments and $0.6 million was classified as other non-current assets.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

In addition to the amounts presented above, as of December 30, 2017, the Company’s short-term investments classified as trading securities related to the deferred compensation plan were $2.2 million, of which $0.5 million was invested in debt securities, $0.3 million was invested in money market instruments and funds and $1.4 million was invested in equity securities. Trading securities are reported at fair value, with the unrealized gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value recognized in interest and other income, net.
During the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company recorded no other-than-temporary impairment charges in each respective period.
As of December 30, 2017, contractual maturities of the Company’s debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities were as follows (in millions):

| Amortized Cost/ Carrying Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Amounts maturing in less than 1 year | $ | 413.5 |  |  | $ | 413.3 |
Amounts maturing in 1 - 5 years | 97.8 |  |  | 97.4 |
Amounts maturing in more than 5 years | 1.0 |  |  | 0.6 |
Total debt available-for-sale securities | $ | 512.3 |  |  | $ | 511.3 |

As of July 1, 2017, the Company’s available-for-sale securities were as follows (in millions):

| Amortized Cost/ Carrying Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries | $ | 56.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | 56.7 |
U.S. agencies | 45.0 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 44.9 |
Municipal bonds and sovereign debt instruments | 4.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.4 |
Asset-backed securities | 71.5 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | 71.1 |
Corporate securities | 326.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 326.0 |
Certificates of deposit | 6.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6.0 |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 509.8 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (0.8 | ) |  | $ | 509.1 |

As of July 1, 2017, of the total estimated fair value, $78.2 million was classified as cash equivalents, $430.2 million was classified as short-term investments and $0.7 million was classified as other non-current assets.
In addition to the amounts presented above, as of July 1, 2017, the Company’s short-term investments classified as trading securities, related to the deferred compensation plan, were $2.0 million, of which $0.5 million was invested in debt securities, $0.3 million was invested in money market instruments and funds and $1.2 million was invested in equity securities. Trading securities are reported at fair value, with the unrealized gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value recognized in interest and other income, net.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Fair Value Measurements
Assets measured at fair value as of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017 are summarized below (in millions):

| Fair value measurement as of |  | Fair value measurement as of
| December 30, 2017 |  | July 1, 2017
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries | $ | 94.0 |  |  | $ | 94.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56.7 |  |  | $ | 56.7 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. agencies | 22.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 22.9 |  |  | 44.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 44.9 |
Municipal bonds and sovereign debt instruments | 2.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.4 |
Asset-backed securities | 55.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 55.5 |  |  | 71.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 71.1 |
Corporate securities | 336.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 336.0 |  |  | 326.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 326.0 |
Certificate of deposits | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.0 |
Total debt available-for-sale securities | 511.3 |  |  | 94.0 |  |  | 417.3 |  |  | 509.1 |  |  | 56.7 |  |  | 452.4 |
Money market funds | 479.9 |  |  | 479.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 726.4 |  |  | 726.4 |  |  | — |
Trading securities | 2.2 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 1.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.3 |
Total assets (1) | $ | 995.3 |  |  | $ | 576.1 |  |  | $ | 419.2 |  |  | $ | 1,244.8 |  |  | $ | 785.1 |  |  | $ | 459.7 |
Liability: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |
Total liabilities (2) | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1.3 |

(1) $529.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, $452.3 million in short-term investments, $7.2 million in restricted cash, $1.9 million in prepayments and other current assets, and $4.9 million in other non-current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 30, 2017. $789.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, $432.2 million in short-term investments, $11.0 million in restricted cash, $7.3 million in prepayments and other current assets, and $5.1 million in other non-current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 1, 2017.
(2) $0.8 million and $1.3 million in other current liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, respectively.
Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. There is an established hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability.
The Company’s cash and investment instruments are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy based on quoted prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

• | Level 1 includes financial instruments for which quoted market prices for identical instruments are available in active markets. Level 1 assets of the Company include money market funds, U.S. Treasury securities and marketable equity securities as they are traded with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions.

• | Level 2 includes financial instruments for which the valuations are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 instruments of the Company generally include certain U.S. and foreign government and agency securities, commercial paper, corporate and municipal bonds and notes, asset-backed securities, certificates of deposit, and foreign currency forward contracts. To estimate their fair value, the Company utilizes pricing models based on market data. The significant inputs for the valuation model usually include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker and dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data, and industry and economic events.

• | Level 3 includes financial instruments for which fair value is derived from valuation based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. As of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, the Company did not hold any Level 3 investment securities.

Non-Designated Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
The Company has foreign subsidiaries that operate and sell the Company’s products in various markets around the world. As a result, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risks. The Company utilizes foreign exchange forward contracts to manage foreign currency risk associated with foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily certain short-term intercompany receivables and payables, and to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows related to foreign-currency transactions. The Company does not use these foreign currency forward contracts for trading purposes.
As of December 30, 2017, the Company had forward contracts that were effectively closed but not settled with the counterparties by quarter end. Therefore, the fair value of these contracts of $1.9 million and $0.8 million is reflected as prepayments and other current assets and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 30, 2017, respectively. As of July 1, 2017, the fair value of these contracts of $7.3 million and $1.3 million is reflected as prepayments and other current assets and other current liabilities, respectively.
The forward contracts outstanding and not effectively closed, with a term of less than 120 days, were transacted near quarter end; therefore, the fair value of the contracts is not significant. As of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, the notional amounts of the forward contracts the Company held to purchase foreign currencies were $139.4 million and $134.3 million, respectively, and the notional amounts of forward contracts the Company held to sell foreign currencies were $26.0 million and $25.4 million, respectively.
The change in the fair value of foreign currency forward contracts is recorded as gain or loss in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of interest and other income, net. The cash flows related to the settlement of foreign currency forward contracts are classified as operating activities. The gains on foreign exchange forward contracts were $1.1 million and $4.2 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, respectively. The losses on foreign exchange forward contracts were $5.6 million and $5.3 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively.
Note 8. Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments (in millions):

| Network Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  | Total
Balance as of July 1, 2017 | $ | 143.3 |  |  | $ | 8.3 |  |  | $ | 151.6 |
Goodwill - Trilithic (1) | 17.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 17.8 |
Currency translation adjustments | 1.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |
Balance as of December 30, 2017 | $ | 162.4 |  |  | $ | 8.3 |  |  | $ | 170.7 |

(1) See “Note 5. Mergers and Acquisitions” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for detail.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Company reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have occurred. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, the Company completed the annual impairment test of goodwill with no goodwill impairments for the NE and OSP reporting units.
There were no events or changes in circumstances which triggered an impairment review during the three and six months ended December 30, 2017.
Note 9. Acquired Developed Technology and Other Intangibles
The following tables present details of the Company’s acquired developed technology, customer relationships and other intangibles (in millions):

As of December 30, 2017 | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Acquired developed technology | $ | 387.2 |  |  | $ | (362.2 | ) |  | $ | 25.0 |
Customer relationships | 106.4 |  |  | (88.2 | ) |  | 18.2 |
Other (1) | 10.2 |  |  | (10.1 | ) |  | 0.1 |
Total intangibles | $ | 503.8 |  |  | $ | (460.5 | ) |  | $ | 43.3 |

As of July 1, 2017 | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Acquired developed technology | $ | 369.3 |  |  | $ | (352.0 | ) |  | $ | 17.3 |
Customer relationships | 94.9 |  |  | (81.3 | ) |  | 13.6 |
Other (1) | 9.9 |  |  | (9.7 | ) |  | 0.2 |
Total intangibles | $ | 474.1 |  |  | $ | (443.0 | ) |  | $ | 31.1 |

(1) | Other intangibles consist of customer backlog, non-competition agreements, patents, proprietary know-how and trade secrets, trademarks and trade names.

The following table presents the amortization recorded relating to acquired developed technology, customer relationships and other intangibles (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Cost of revenues | $ | 4.1 |  |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 8.2 |  |  | $ | 7.5 |
Operating expenses | 3.4 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 6.9 |
Total amortization of intangible assets | $ | 7.5 |  |  | $ | 7.1 |  |  | $ | 14.7 |  |  | $ | 14.4 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Based on the carrying amount of acquired developed technology, customer relationships and other intangibles as of December 30, 2017, and assuming no future impairment of the underlying assets, the estimated future amortization is as follows (in millions):

Fiscal Years |
Remainder of 2018 | $ | 12.3 |
2019 | 16.3 |
2020 | 8.4 |
2021 | 4.1 |
2022 | 2.0 |
Thereafter | 0.2 |
Total amortization | $ | 43.3 |

The acquired developed technology, customer relationships and other intangibles balance are adjusted quarterly to record the effect of currency translation adjustments.
Note 10. Debt
As of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, the Company’s short-term debt and long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represented the carrying amount of the liability component, net of unamortized debt discounts and issuance cost, of the Senior Convertible Notes as discussed below. The following table presents the carrying amounts of the liability and equity components (in millions):

| December 30, 2017 |  | July 1, 2017
Principal amount of 0.625% Senior Convertible Notes | $ | 451.0 |  |  | $ | 610.0 |
Principal amount of 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes | 460.0 |  |  | 460.0 |
Unamortized discount of liability component | (104.7 | ) |  | (129.4 | )
Unamortized debt issuance cost | (7.3 | ) |  | (9.2 | )
Carrying amount of liability component | $ | 799.0 |  |  | $ | 931.4 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 436.8 |  |  | — |
Long-term debt, net of current portion | $ | 362.2 |  |  | $ | 931.4 |
Carrying amount of equity component (1) | $ | 209.7 |  |  | $ | 229.7 |

(1) | Included in additional paid-in-capital on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017.
1.00% Senior Convertible Notes (“2024 Notes”)
On March 3, 2017, the Company issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes due 2024 in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. On March 22, 2017, the Company issued an additional $60 million upon exercise of the over-allotment option of the initial purchasers. The total proceeds from the 2024 Notes amounted to $451.1 million after issuance costs. The 2024 Notes are an unsecured obligation of the Company and bear interest at an annual rate of 1.00% payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The 2024 Notes mature on March 1, 2024 unless earlier converted or repurchased. The carrying value of the liability component at issuance was calculated as the present value of its cash flows using a discount rate of 4.8% based on the 7-year swap rate plus credit spread as of the issuance date.
Based on quoted market prices as of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, the fair value of the 2024 Notes was approximately $453.4 million and $481.7 million, respectively. The 2024 Notes are classified within Level 2 as they are not actively traded in markets.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

0.625% Senior Convertible Notes (“2033 Notes”)
On August 21, 2013, the Company issued $650.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.625% Senior Convertible Notes due 2033 in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The proceeds from the 2033 Notes amounted to $636.3 million after issuance costs. The 2033 Notes are an unsecured obligation of the Company and bear interest at an annual rate of 0.625% payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The 2033 Notes mature on August 15, 2033 unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The carrying value of the liability component at issuance was calculated as the present value of its cash flows using a discount rate of 5.4% based on the 5-year swap rate plus credit spread as of the issuance date.
Holders of the 2033 Notes may require the Company to purchase all or a portion of the 2033 Notes on each of August 15, 2018, August 15, 2023 and August 15, 2028, or upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, in each case, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2033 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding the purchase date. As of December 30, 2017, the expected remaining term of the 2033 Notes is 0.6 years and thus was classified as current portion of long-term debt.
During the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, the Company repurchased $12.5 million and $159.0 million aggregate principal amount of the notes, respectively, for $13.0 million and $175.0 million in cash. In connection with the repurchase, a loss on extinguishment of $0.2 million and $3.8 million was recognized in interest and other income, net in compliance with the authoritative guidance for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, respectively. After giving effect to the repurchase, the total amount of 0.625% Senior Convertible Notes outstanding as of December 30, 2017 was $451.0 million.
Based on quoted market prices as of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, the fair value of the 2033 Notes was approximately $465.7 million and $676.1 million, respectively. The 2033 Notes are classified within Level 2 as they are not actively traded in markets.
Interest Expense
The following table presents the interest expense for contractual interest, amortization of debt issuance cost and accretion of debt discount (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Interest expense-contractual interest | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 2.0 |
Amortization of debt issuance cost | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.1 |
Accretion of debt discount | 8.4 |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | 17.5 |  |  | 13.9 |

Note 11. Restructuring and Related Charges
The Company has initiated various strategic restructuring events primarily intended to reduce its costs, consolidate its operations, rationalize the manufacturing of its products and align its businesses in response to market conditions. As of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, the Company’s total restructuring accrual was $8.6 million and $11.0 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, the Company recorded restructuring and related charges of $2.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded restructuring and related charges of $1.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively. The Company’s restructuring charges can include severance and benefit costs to eliminate a specified number of positions, facilities and equipment costs to vacate facilities and consolidate operations, and lease termination costs. The timing of associated cash payments is dependent upon the type of restructuring charge and can extend over multiple periods.
Summary of Restructuring Plans
The adjustments to the accrued restructuring expenses related to all of the Company’s restructuring plans described below for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 were as follows (in millions):
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

| Balance July 1, 2017 |  | Six Months Ended December 30, 2017 Charges (Benefits) |  | Cash Settlements |  | Non-cash Settlements and Other Adjustments |  | Balance December 30, 2017 |  | Three Months Ended December 30, 2017 Charges (Benefits)
Fiscal 2018 Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trilithic Restructuring Plan (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |
Fiscal 2017 Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OSP Restructuring Plan (1) | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |
Focused NSE Restructuring Plan (1) (2) | 4.9 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | (4.9 | ) |  | 0.4 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 1.9 |
Other Plans (2) | — |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Fiscal 2016 Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NE, SE and Shared Services Agile Restructuring Plan (1) (2) | 0.2 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
NE and SE Agile Restructuring Plan (1) | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |
Plans Prior to Fiscal 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NE Product Strategy Restructuring Plan (1) | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |
NE Lease Restructuring Plan (2) | 2.6 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | — |
Other Plans (1)(2) | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 11.0 |  |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | $ | (6.9 | ) |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 8.6 |  |  | $ | 2.5 |

(1) Plan type includes workforce reduction cost.
(2) Plan type includes lease exit cost.
As of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017, $1.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively, of our restructuring liability was long-term in nature and included as a component of other non-current liabilities, with the remaining short-term portion included as a component of other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Fiscal 2018 Plans
Trilithic Restructuring Plan
During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, Management approved a plan within the NE business segment to consolidate and integrate the Trilithic acquisition. As a result, a restructuring charge of $0.5 million was recorded for severance and employee benefits for approximately 20 employees primarily in manufacturing, and SG&A functions located in the United States. Payments related to the severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2019.
Fiscal 2017 Plans
OSP Restructuring Plan
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, Management approved a plan within the OSP business segment to realign its operations and exit from the printed security business. As a result, approximately 30 employees in manufacturing and SG&A functions located in the United States were impacted. Payments related to the severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2018.
Focused NSE Restructuring Plan
During fiscal 2017, Management approved a plan within the NE and SE business segments as part of VIAVI’s continued strategy to improve profitability in the Company’s Network and Service Enablement (NSE) business by narrowing the scope of the Service Enablement business and reducing costs by streamlining NSE operations. During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the headcount impact by this plan increased by approximately 20 employees and, as a result, a restructuring charge of $1.7 million was recorded for severance and employee benefits. In total, approximately 340 employees in manufacturing, R&D and SG&A functions located in North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia were impacted. Payments related to the severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. During the third quarter of fiscal 2017, Management also approved a plan in the NE and SE segment to exit the space in Colorado Springs, Colorado. As of September 30, 2017, the Company exited the workspace in Colorado Springs under the plan. The fair value of the remaining contractual obligations as of
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December 30, 2017 was $1.1 million. Payments related to the Colorado Springs lease costs are expected to be paid by the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2021.
Fiscal 2016 Plans
NE, SE and Shared Service Agile Restructuring Plan
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, Management approved a plan within the NE and SE business segments and Shared Services function for organizational alignment and consolidation as part of the Company’s continued commitment for a more cost effective organization. As a result approximately 170 employees primarily in manufacturing and SG&A functions located in North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia were impacted. Payments related to the remaining severance and benefits accrual were paid by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2018.
NE and SE Agile Restructuring Plan
During the sec ond quarter of fiscal 2016, Management approved a plan primarily impacting the NE and SE business segments as part of Company’s ongoing commitment for an agile and more efficient operating structure. As a result approximately 40 employees primarily in manufacturing, R&D and SG&A functions located in North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia were impacted. Payments related to the remaining severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.
Plans Prior to Fiscal 2016
NE Product Strategy Restructuring Plan
During the third quarter of fiscal 2014, Management approved a NE plan to realign its services, support and product resources in response to market conditions in the mobile assurance market and to increase focus on software products and next generation solutions through acquisitions and R&D. As a result, approximately 60 employees primarily in SG&A and manufacturing functions located in North America, Latin America, Asia and Europe were impacted. Payments related to the remaining severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2020.
NE Lease Restructuring Plan
During the second quarter of fiscal 2014, Management approved a NE plan to exit the remaining space in Germantown, Maryland. As of June 28, 2014, the Company exited the space in Germantown under the plan. The fair value of the remaining contractual obligations, net of sublease income, as of December 30, 2017 was $1.8 million. Payments related to the Germantown lease costs are expected to be paid by the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2019.
As of December 30, 2017, the restructuring accrual for other plans that commenced prior to fiscal year 2016 was $1.0 million, which consists of immaterial accruals from various restructuring plans.
Note 12. Income Taxes
The Company recorded income tax (benefit) expense of $(1.4) million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 respectively. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $5.8 million and $11.5 million related to the income from continuing operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively.
The income tax (benefit) expense for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 primarily relates to income tax in certain foreign and state jurisdictions based on the Company’s forecasted pre-tax income or loss for the respective fiscal year. For the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, this foreign and state tax is offset by a tax benefit of $0.4 million and $3.1 million, respectively, which was recorded in the Company’s income tax provision related to the income tax intraperiod allocation rules in relation to other comprehensive income. In accordance with authoritative guidance, this benefit may reverse during the fiscal year. Additionally, for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, the tax provision includes a benefit of $6.5 million resulting from the passage of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Act”), the impacts of which are detailed below.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted. Income tax effects resulting from changes in tax laws are accounted for by the Company in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires that these tax effects be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted, and the effects are recorded as a component of the provision for income taxes from
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continuing operations. The law has significantly changed the way the U.S. taxes corporations. The Act repealed the alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) for corporations and provided that the existing AMT credit carryforwards would be refunded in 2022 if not utilized. As a result, the Company recognized a benefit of $4.5 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 for the release of the valuation allowance previously maintained against the AMT credit deferred tax asset. In addition, under the Act, the Company’s current year net operating losses and any future net operating losses can now be carried forward indefinitely. As a result, the Company’s deferred tax liability associated with indefinite-lived intangible assets may now offset these indefinite-lived deferred tax assets, resulting in a benefit of $2.0 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 due to release of the valuation allowance.
The Act imposed a deemed repatriation of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries’ post-1986 earnings and profits (“E&P”) which had previously been deferred from US income tax. The Company has made a provisional estimate of this deemed repatriation of E&P and has determined that there is no current period expense or liability due to the Company having sufficient estimated losses for the fiscal year to offset the income associated with the deemed repatriation. As previously noted, the impact of the deemed repatriation is a provisional estimate. The Company has not yet completed the calculation of the total post-1986 foreign E&P for all foreign subsidiaries. Further, this transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. This amount may change when the Company finalizes the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalizes the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. In addition, further interpretations from U.S. federal and state governments and regulatory organizations may change the provisional estimate or the accounting treatment of the provisional estimate.
The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% as of January 1, 2018. The Company has not made sufficient progress on remeasuring its deferred tax assets and liabilities to determine a reasonable estimate at this time. However, the Company expects that there will be an equal and offsetting reduction in the valuation allowance such that there should be no impact to its (benefit from) provision for income taxes for the fiscal year related to the rate reduction.
Upon adoption of the new guidance on share-based payment awards, previously unrecognized excess tax benefits were recorded as a deferred tax asset, which was fully offset by a corresponding increase in valuation allowance, resulting in no impact to opening accumulated deficit. In addition, due to the full valuation allowance on the U.S. deferred tax assets, there was no impact to the income tax provision from excess tax benefits for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017.
The income tax expense (benefit) recorded differs from the expected tax expense (benefit) that would be calculated by applying the federal statutory rate to the Company’s income from continuing operations before taxes primarily due to the changes in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets attributable to the Company’s domestic and foreign income (loss) from continuing operations, impacts of the Act and due to the income tax benefit recorded in continuing operations under the income tax intraperiod allocation rules.
As of December 30, 2017, and July 1, 2017, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits totaled $39.1 million and $38.9 million, respectively, and are included in deferred taxes and other non-current tax liabilities, net. The Company had $2.1 million accrued for the payment of interest and penalties at December 30, 2017. The unrecognized tax benefits that may be recognized during the next twelve months are approximately $0.1 million.
Note 13. Stockholders' Equity
Repurchase of Common Stock
In September 2016, the Board of Directors increased the Company’s previously authorized stock repurchase program from $100 million to $150 million. Under the revised repurchase authorization, the Company may repurchase up to $150 million of the Company’s common stock from time to time at the discretion of the Company’s management. The Board previously authorized expiration of the share repurchase to be extended to December 31, 2017. In December 2017, the Board authorized a further extension of the Company's stock repurchase program for an additional 3 months to expire on March 31, 2018.
During the three months ended December 30, 2017, the Company repurchased approximately 2.4 million shares of its common stock for $21.8 million. As of December 30, 2017, the Company had remaining authorization of $22.5 million for future share repurchases. The number of shares to be repurchased and the timing of such repurchases will be based on several factors, including business and financial market conditions.
All common shares repurchased under this program have been canceled and retired.
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Note 14. Stock-Based Compensation
Overview
The impact on the Company’s results of operations of recording stock-based compensation by function for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Cost of revenues | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 2.0 |
Research and development | 1.4 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 3.3 |
Selling, general and administrative | 5.6 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 12.5 |
Stock-based compensation | $ | 7.7 |  |  | $ | 9.1 |  |  | $ | 15.2 |  |  | $ | 17.8 |

Approximately $0.9 million and $0.7 million of stock-based compensation were capitalized to inventory at December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 respectively.
Amendment and Restatement of Amended and Restated 2003 Equity Incentive Plan
On November 15, 2017, the Company's stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the Company’s Amended and Restated 2003 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2003 Plan, as most recently amended and restated, the “ Amended and Restated 2003 Plan”), under which:
(1) the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock reserved under the 2003 Plan increased by the sum of (i) 4,000,000 new shares, (ii) the number of shares remaining for issuance under the Company’s 2005 Acquisition Equity Incentive Plan (“Acquisition Plan”) as of November 15, 2017, the date such Acquisition Plan was terminated (the “Restatement Date”), and (iii) the number of shares subject to outstanding stock awards granted under the Acquisition Plan that on or after Restatement Date would have otherwise been available for reissuance under the Acquisition Plan;
(2) the 2003 Plan’s fungible share provision was eliminated;
(3) a limit on the total value of equity and cash compensation that may be paid to each of the Company's non-employee directors during each fiscal year was set; and
(4) the material terms of the 2003 Plan for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code were re-approved, including, but not limited to the performance goals and share limitations set forth in the 2003 Plan.
As such, an additional 5.5 million shares were authorized under the re-approved 2003 plan and the 2005 Acquisition plan was terminated effective as of November 15, 2017.
Amendment and Restatement of Amended and Restated 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On November 15, 2017, the Company's stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the Company’s Amended and Restated 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”, as most recently amended and restated, the “Amended and Restated ESPP”), to extend the termination date from August 1, 2018 to November 15, 2027.
Full Value Awards
Full Value Awards refer to restricted stock units that are granted with the exercise price equal to zero and are converted to shares immediately upon vesting. These Full Value Awards are time-based, performance-based or a combination of both and expected to vest over three to four years. When converted into shares upon vesting, shares equivalent in value to the minimum withholding taxes liability on the vested shares are withheld by the Company for the payment of such taxes.
During the six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company granted 3.1 million and 3.9 million time-based awards, respectively. The fair value of the time-based Full Value Awards is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of award. The majority of these time-based awards vest over three years, with 33% vesting after one year and the balance vesting quarterly over the remaining two years.
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During the six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company granted 0.5 million and 0.4 million, performance-based awards, respectively. These performance-based shares represent the target amount of grants, and the actual number of shares awarded upon vesting may vary depending upon the achievement of the relevant performance conditions. The shares attained over target upon vesting are reflected as awards granted during the period. Accordingly, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company granted additional 0.2 million and 0.1 million shares due to performance-bases shares attained over target. The aggregate grant-date fair value of performance-based awards granted during the six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were estimated to be $6.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively. The majority of performance-based awards vest in equal annual installments over three years based on the attainment of certain performance measures and the employee’s continued service through the vest date. The performance-based awards with market condition were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation.
As of December 30, 2017, $53.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to Full Value Awards remains to be amortized. That cost is expected to be recognized over an estimated amortization period of 2.0 years.
On July 2, 2017, the Company adopted the new authoritative guidance that simplified several aspects of accounting for share-based payment award transactions including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. Under the new guidance, companies can make an accounting policy election to either continue to estimate forfeitures or account for forfeitures as they occur. Upon adoption, the Company elected to account for forfeitures when they occur, on a modified retrospective basis. The Company recognized net cumulative effect of $0.6 million as an increase to accumulated deficit as of the first day of fiscal 2018. Additionally, the new authoritative guidance required the employee tax paid by withholding shares of restricted stock units on the statements of cash flows to be classified as financing cash flows. Accordingly, upon adoption, the Company reclassified $7.8 million of tax payment withheld on vesting of restricted stock from operating cash flows to financing cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2016. Further, the new authoritative guidance required previously unrecognized deferred tax benefits to be recorded as deferred tax assets. Upon adoption, the Company had $117.7 million of net operating loss carryforwards resulting from excess tax benefit deductions. However, there was no impact to the accumulated deficit resulting from adoption, as the deferred tax assets associated with these net operating loss carryforwards were fully offset by a corresponding valuation allowance. All other aspects of the guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Note 15. Employee Pension and Other Benefit Plans
The Company sponsors significant qualified and non-qualified pension plans for certain past and present employees in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Germany. The Company also is responsible for the non-pension post-retirement benefit obligation assumed from a past acquisition.
Most of the plans have been closed to new participants and no additional service costs are being accrued, except for certain plans in Germany assumed in connection with an acquisition during fiscal 2010. Benefits are generally based upon years of service and compensation or stated amounts for each year of service.
As of December 30, 2017, the U.K. plan was partially funded while the other plans were unfunded. The Company’s policy for funded plans is to make contributions equal to or greater than the requirements prescribed by law or regulation. For unfunded plans, the Company pays the post-retirement benefits when due. During the six months ended December 30, 2017, the Company contributed $1.0 million to the U.K. plan. The funded plan assets consist primarily of managed investments.
The following table presents the components of the net periodic cost for the pension and benefits plans (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
Pension Benefits | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.2 |
Interest cost | 0.7 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1.0 |
Expected return on plan assets | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.5 | )
Amortization of net actuarial losses | 0.5 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.9 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |

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Both the calculation of the projected benefit obligation and net periodic cost are based upon actuarial valuations. These valuations use participant-specific information such as salary, age, years of service, and assumptions about interest rates, compensation increases and other factors. At a minimum, the Company evaluates these assumptions annually and makes changes as necessary.
The Company expects to incur cash outlays of approximately $8.1 million related to its defined benefit pension plans during fiscal 2018 to make current benefit payments and fund future obligations. As of December 30, 2017, approximately $2.6 million had been incurred. These payments have been estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the Company’s projected benefit obligation at July 1, 2017.
Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
In June 2016, the Company received a court decision regarding the validity of an amendment to a pension deed of trust related to one of its foreign subsidiaries which the Company contends contained an error requiring the Company to increase the pension plan’s benefit. The Company had subsequently further amended the deed to rectify the error. The court ruled that the amendment increasing the pension plan benefit was valid until the subsequent amendment. The Company determined that the likelihood of loss to be probable as of July 2, 2016 and accrued GBP 5.7 million (USD 7.7 million as of December 30, 2017), in accordance with authoritative guidance on contingencies. The Company is pursuing an appeal of the court decision and is also pursuing a claim against the U.K. law firm responsible for the error. As of December 30, 2017, there was no change to the accrual.
The Company is subject to a variety of claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. While management currently believes that resolving claims against the Company, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or statement of cash flows, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. Were an unfavorable final outcome to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the period in which the effect becomes reasonably estimable.
Guarantees
The Company from time to time enters into certain types of contracts that contingently require the Company to indemnify parties against third-party claims. These contracts primarily relate to: (i) divestiture agreements, under which the Company may provide customary indemnifications to purchasers of the Company’s businesses or assets; (ii) certain real estate leases, under which the Company may be required to indemnify property owners for environmental and other liabilities, and other claims arising from the Company’s use of the applicable premises; and (iii) certain agreements with the Company’s officers, directors and employees, under which the Company may be required to indemnify such persons for liabilities arising out of their employment relationship.
The terms of such obligations vary. Generally, a maximum obligation is not explicitly stated. Because the obligated amounts of these types of agreements often are not explicitly stated, the overall maximum amount of the obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations, and no liabilities have been recorded for these obligations on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 30, 2017 and July 1, 2017.
Outstanding Letters of Credit and Performance Bonds
As of December 30, 2017, the Company had standby letters of credit of $11.5 million and performance bonds of $1.8 million collateralized by restricted cash.
Product Warranties
In general, the Company offers a three-year warranty for most of its products. The Company provides reserves for the estimated costs of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The Company estimates the costs of its warranty obligations based on its historical experience of known product failure rates, use of materials to repair or replace defective products and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failures. In addition, from time to time, specific warranty accruals may be made if unforeseen technical problems arise with specific products. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.
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The following table presents the changes in the Company’s warranty reserve during fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Balance as of beginning of period | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | 4.9 |
Provision for warranty | 1.7 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 3.2 |
Utilization of reserve | (2.6 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  | (3.5 | ) |  | (2.0 | )
Adjustments related to pre-existing warranties (including changes in estimates) | 1.3 |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  | 2.0 |  |  | (0.8 | )
Acquisition of Trilithic (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |
Balance as of end of period | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |

(1) See “Note 5. Mergers and Acquisitions” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for detail of acquisition.
Note 17. Operating Segments and Geographic Information
The Company evaluates its reportable segments in accordance with the authoritative guidance on segment reporting. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) pursuant to the guidance. The CODM allocates resources to the segments based on their business prospects, competitive factors, net revenue and operating results.
The Company’s reportable segments are:
(i) Network Enablement (“NE”):
NE provides testing solutions that access the network to perform build-out and maintenance tasks. These solutions include instruments, software and services to design, build, activate, certify, troubleshoot and optimize networks. The company also offers a range of product support and professional services such as repair, calibration, software support and technical assistance for our products.
(ii) Service Enablement (“SE”):
SE solutions are embedded systems that yield network, service and application performance data. These solutions—including instruments, microprobes and software—monitor, collect and analyze network data to reveal the actual customer experience and to identify opportunities for new revenue streams and network optimization.
(iii) Optical Security and Performance Products (“OSP”):
OSP provides innovative, precision, high performance optical products for anti-counterfeiting, government, industrial, automotive and consumer electronic markets, including 3D sensing applications.
The CODM manages the Company in two broad business categories: Network and Service Enablement ("NSE") and OSP. NSE operates in two segments, NE and SE, whereas OSP operates as a single segment. The CODM evaluates segment performance of the NSE business based on NE and SE segment gross margin and NSE operating margin as a whole. Operating expenses associated with the NSE business are not allocated to the NE and SE segments within NSE, as they are managed centrally at the business unit level. The CODM evaluates segment performance of the OSP business based on OSP segment operating margin.
The Company does not allocate stock-based compensation, acquisition-related charges, amortization of intangibles, restructuring and related charges, impairment of goodwill, non-operating income and expenses, or other charges unrelated to core operating performance to its segments because Management does not include this information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments. These items are presented as “Reconciling Items” in the table below. Additionally, the Company does not specifically identify and allocate all assets by operating segment.
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The segment information for all periods presented has been revised to be comparable with the changes in the Company’s segment reporting measures.
Information on reportable segments is as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended December 30, 2017
| Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Network Enablement |  | Service Enablement |  | Network and Service Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  | Total Segment Measures |  | Reconciling Items |  | Consolidated GAAP Measures
Net revenue | $ | 121.5 |  |  | $ | 32.1 |  |  | $ | 153.6 |  |  | $ | 48.2 |  |  | $ | 201.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 201.8 |
Gross profit | 73.8 |  |  | 22.4 |  |  | 96.2 |  |  | 26.2 |  |  | 122.4 |  |  | (6.3 | ) |  | 116.1 |
Gross margin | 60.7 | % |  | 69.8 | % |  | 62.6 | % |  | 54.4 | % |  | 60.7 | % |  |  |  | 57.5 | %
Operating income |  |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | 25.4 |  |  | (21.7 | ) |  | 3.7 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 36.1 | % |  | 12.6 | % |  |  |  | 1.8 | %

| Three Months Ended December 31, 2016
| Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Network Enablement |  | Service Enablement |  | Network and Service Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  | Total Segment Measures |  | Reconciling Items |  | Consolidated GAAP Measures
Net revenue | $ | 117.0 |  |  | $ | 40.6 |  |  | $ | 157.6 |  |  | $ | 48.9 |  |  | $ | 206.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 206.5 |
Gross profit | 74.6 |  |  | 27.1 |  |  | 101.7 |  |  | 28.2 |  |  | 129.9 |  |  | (5.2 | ) |  | 124.7 |
Gross margin | 63.8 | % |  | 66.7 | % |  | 64.5 | % |  | 57.7 | % |  | 62.9 | % |  |  |  | 60.4 | %
Operating income |  |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 20.9 |  |  | 26.9 |  |  | (20.2 | ) |  | 6.7 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | 42.7 | % |  | 13.0 | % |  |  |  | 3.2 | %

| Three Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Corporate reconciling items impacting gross profit: |  |  |
Total segment gross profit | $ | 122.4 |  |  | $ | 129.9 |
Stock-based compensation | (0.7 | ) |  | (1.0 | )
Amortization of intangibles | (4.1 | ) |  | (3.7 | )
Other charges unrelated to core operating performance (1) | (1.5 | ) |  | (0.5 | )
GAAP gross profit | $ | 116.1 |  |  | $ | 124.7 |
Corporate reconciling items impacting operating income: |  |  |
Total segment operating income | $ | 25.4 |  |  | $ | 26.9 |
Stock-based compensation | (7.7 | ) |  | (9.1 | )
Amortization of intangibles | (7.5 | ) |  | (7.1 | )
Other charges unrelated to core operating performance (1) | (4.0 | ) |  | (2.2 | )
Restructuring and related charges | (2.5 | ) |  | (1.8 | )
GAAP operating income | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 6.7 |

(1) During the three months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, other charges unrelated to core operating performance primarily consisted of acquisition related costs, amortization of inventory step-up and loss on disposal of long-lived assets.
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| Six Months Ended December 30, 2017
| Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Network Enablement |  | Service Enablement |  | Network and Service Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  | Total Segment Measures |  | Reconciling Items |  | Consolidated GAAP Measures
Net revenue | $ | 233.3 |  |  | $ | 61.1 |  |  | $ | 294.4 |  |  | $ | 102.6 |  |  | $ | 397.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 397.0 |
Gross profit | 144.4 |  |  | 42.9 |  |  | 187.3 |  |  | 57.6 |  |  | 244.9 |  |  | (12.6 | ) |  | 232.3 |
Gross margin | 61.9 | % |  | 70.2 | % |  | 63.6 | % |  | 56.1 | % |  | 61.7 | % |  |  |  | 58.5 | %
Operating income |  |  |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | 39.6 |  |  | 54.8 |  |  | (41.1 | ) |  | 13.7 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 38.6 | % |  | 13.8 | % |  |  |  | 3.5 | %

| Six Months Ended December 31, 2016
| Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Network Enablement |  | Service Enablement |  | Network and Service Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  | Total Segment Measures |  | Reconciling Items |  | Consolidated GAAP Measures
Net revenue | $ | 235.6 |  |  | $ | 77.0 |  |  | $ | 312.6 |  |  | $ | 104.7 |  |  | $ | 417.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 417.3 |
Gross profit | 152.0 |  |  | 48.4 |  |  | 200.4 |  |  | 59.8 |  |  | 260.2 |  |  | (10.4 | ) |  | 249.8 |
Gross margin | 64.5 | % |  | 62.9 | % |  | 64.1 | % |  | 57.1 | % |  | 62.4 | % |  |  |  | 59.9 | %
Operating income |  |  |  |  | 10.1 |  |  | 44.3 |  |  | 54.4 |  |  | (37.6 | ) |  | 16.8 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | 42.3 | % |  | 13.0 | % |  |  |  | 4.0 | %

| Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Corporate reconciling items impacting gross profit: |  |  |
Total segment gross profit | $ | 244.9 |  |  | $ | 260.2 |
Stock-based compensation | (1.6 | ) |  | (2.0 | )
Amortization of intangibles | (8.2 | ) |  | (7.5 | )
Other charges unrelated to core operating performance (1) | (2.8 | ) |  | (0.9 | )
GAAP gross profit | $ | 232.3 |  |  | $ | 249.8 |
Corporate reconciling items impacting operating income: |  |  |
Total segment operating income | $ | 54.8 |  |  | $ | 54.4 |
Stock-based compensation | (15.2 | ) |  | (17.8 | )
Amortization of intangibles | (14.7 | ) |  | (14.4 | )
Other charges unrelated to core operating performance (1) | (7.2 | ) |  | (3.6 | )
Restructuring and related charges | (4.0 | ) |  | (1.8 | )
GAAP operating income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 13.7 |  |  | $ | 16.8 |

(1) During the six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, other charges unrelated to core operating performance primarily consisted of acquisition related costs, amortization of inventory step-up, loss on disposal of long-lived assets and VIAVI specific charges related to the separation.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 18. Subsequent Events
Repurchase of Common Stock
Subsequent to our fiscal quarter ended December 30, 2017, the Company repurchased approximately 1.1 million shares of common stock at an average price of $8.78 per share under the stock repurchase program authorized on February 1, 2016.
Repurchase of 2033 Notes
Subsequent to our fiscal quarter ended December 30, 2017, the Company repurchased $22.5 million of its 2033 Notes for $23.1 million in cash.
Definitive Agreement
On February 1, 2018, the Company announced its entry into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain subsidiaries of Cobham plc (“Cobham”) to acquire Cobham’s Test and Measurement business for $455 million cash consideration, subject to certain customary closing adjustments. The acquisition is expected to close subject to satisfaction of the closing conditions under the Purchase Agreement.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements contained in this Quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which we also refer to as the Report, which are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. A forward-looking statement may contain words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “can impact,” “could,” “continue,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plans,” “potential,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “will continue to be,” “would,” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include statements such as:

• | Our expectations regarding demand for our products, including industry trends and technological advancements that may drive such demand, the role we will play in those advancements and our ability to benefit from such advancements;

• | Our plans for growth and innovation opportunities;

• | Financial projections and expectations, including profitability of certain business units, plans to reduce costs and improve efficiencies, the effects of seasonality on certain business units, continued reliance on key customers for a significant portion of our revenue, future sources of revenue, competition and pricing pressures, the future impact of certain accounting pronouncements and our estimation of the potential impact and materiality of litigation;

• | Our plans for continued development, use and protection of our intellectual property;

• | Our strategies for achieving our current business objectives, including related risks and uncertainties;

• | Our plans or expectations relating to investments, acquisitions, partnerships and other strategic opportunities;

• | Our strategies for reducing our dependence on sole suppliers or otherwise mitigating the risk of supply chain interruptions;

• | Our research and development plans and the expected impact of such plans on our financial performance; and

• | Our expectations related to our products, including costs associated with the development of new products, product yields, quality and other issues.

Management cautions that forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks and uncertainties including those set forth in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other documents we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this Report and subsequent facts or circumstances may contradict, obviate, undermine or otherwise fail to support or substantiate such statements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.
In addition, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 1, 2017.
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You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements.”
OUR INDUSTRIES AND QUARTERLY DEVELOPMENTS
Viavi Solutions Inc. (“VIAVI,” also referred to as “the Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us”), is a global provider of network test, monitoring and assurance solutions to communications service providers (“CSPs”), enterprises and their ecosystems, supported by a worldwide channel community including VIAVI Velocity Solution Partners (“Velocity”). Our Velocity program allows us to optimize the use of direct or partner sales depending on application and sales volume. Its strategy is to expand our reach into new market segments as well as expand our capability to sell and deliver solutions. Our solutions deliver end-to-end visibility across physical, virtual and hybrid networks, enabling customers to optimize connectivity, quality of experience and profitability. VIAVI is also a leader in high performance thin film optical coatings, providing light management solutions to anti-counterfeiting, consumer and industrial, government and healthcare and other markets.
To serve our markets we operate in the following business segments:

• | Network Enablement (“NE”)

• | Service Enablement (“SE”)

• | Optical Security and Performance Products (“OSP”)

Network Enablement
NE provides an integrated portfolio of testing solutions that access the network to perform build-out and maintenance tasks. These solutions include instruments, software and services to design, build, activate, certify, troubleshoot and optimize networks. They also support more profitable, higher-performing networks and facilitate time-to-revenue.
Our solutions address lab and production environments, field deployment and service assurance for wireless and fixed communications networks, including storage networks. Our test instrument portfolio is one of the largest in the industry, with hundreds of thousands of units in active use by major NEMs, operators and services providers worldwide. Designed to be mobile, these products include instruments and software that access the network to perform installation and maintenance tasks. They help service provider technicians assess the performance of network elements and segments and verify the integrity of the information being transmitted across the network. These instruments are highly intelligent and have user interfaces that are designed to simplify operations and minimize the training required to operate them. Our NE solutions are also used by network-equipment manufacturers (“NEMs”) in the design and production of next-generation network equipment.
VIAVI also offers a range of product support and professional services designed to comprehensively address our customers’ requirements. These services include repair, calibration, software support and technical assistance for our products. We offer product and technology training as well as consulting services. Our professional services, provided in conjunction with system integration projects, include project management, installation and implementation.
NE customers include CSPs, NEMs, government organizations and large corporate customers, such as major telecom, mobility and cable operators, chip and infrastructure vendors, storage-device manufacturers, storage-network and switch vendors, and deployed private enterprise customers. Our customers include América Móvil, AT&T Inc., Charter Communications, Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., Comcast Corporation, Nokia Solutions and Networks and Verizon Communications, Inc..
We grouped our NE products and associated services to two product groupings: Field Instruments and Lab Instruments.
On August 9, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Trilithic, a privately-held provider of electronic test and measurement equipment for telecommunications service providers. Trilithic serves the cable, Ethernet and leakage test market and is being integrated into the Company’s NE segment.
Service Enablement
SE provides embedded systems and enterprise performance management solutions that give global CSPs, enterprises and cloud operators visibility into network, service and application data. These solutions - which primarily consist of instruments, microprobes and software - monitor, collect and analyze network data to reveal the actual customer experience and identify opportunities for new revenue streams and network optimization.
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Our portfolio of SE solutions addresses the same lab and production environments, field deployment and service assurance for wireless and fixed communications networks, including storage networks, as our NE portfolio. Our solutions let carriers remotely monitor performance and quality of network, service and applications performance throughout the entire network. This provides our customers with enhanced network management, control, and optimization that allow network operators to initiate service to new customers faster, decrease the need for technicians to make on-site service calls, help to make necessary repairs faster and, as a result, lower costs while providing higher quality and more reliable services. Remote monitoring decreases operating expenses, while early detection helps increase uptime, preserve revenue, and helps operators better monetize their networks.
SE customers include similar CSPs, NEMs, government organizations, large corporate customers, and storage-segment customers that are served by our NE segment.
We grouped our SE products and associated services to two product groupings: Data Center and Assurance.
Optical Security and Performance Products
Our OSP segment leverages its core optical coating technologies and volume manufacturing capability to design, manufacture, and sell products targeting anti-counterfeiting, consumer and industrial, government, healthcare and other markets.
Our security offerings for the currency market include OVP®, OVMP® and banknote thread substrates. OVP® enables a color-shifting effect used by banknote issuers and security printers worldwide for anti-counterfeiting applications on banknotes and other high-value documents. Our technologies are deployed on the banknotes of more than 100 countries today. OSP also develops and delivers overt and covert anti-counterfeiting products that utilize its proprietary printing platform and are targeted primarily at the pharmaceutical and consumer-electronics markets.
Leveraging our expertise in spectral management and our unique high-precision coating capabilities, OSP provides a range of products and technologies for the consumer and industrial market, including, for example, 3D sensing optical filters.
OSP value-added solutions meet the stringent requirements of commercial and government customers. Our products are used in a variety of aerospace and defense applications, including optics for guidance systems, laser eye protection and night vision systems. These products, including coatings and optical filters, are optimized for each specific application.
OSP serves customers such as FLIR Systems, Lockheed Martin, SICPA and STMicroelectronics.
In October 2017, the OSP operations in Santa Rosa, California were temporarily impacted due to the Sonoma County wildfires and then resumed shortly thereafter.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Refer to “Note 2. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” regarding the effect of certain recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
For a description of the critical accounting policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, refer to Item 7 on Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Fiscal 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for future periods. The following table summarizes selected Consolidated Statements of Operations items (in millions, except for percentages):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | Change |  | Percent Change |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | Change |  | Percent Change
Segment net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NE | $ | 121.5 |  |  | $ | 117.0 |  |  | $ | 4.5 |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | $ | 233.3 |  |  | $ | 235.6 |  |  | $ | (2.3 | ) |  | (1.0 | )%
SE | 32.1 |  |  | 40.6 |  |  | (8.5 | ) |  | (20.9 | )% |  | 61.1 |  |  | 77.0 |  |  | (15.9 | ) |  | (20.6 | )%
OSP | 48.2 |  |  | 48.9 |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (1.4 | )% |  | 102.6 |  |  | 104.7 |  |  | (2.1 | ) |  | (2.0 | )%
Total net revenue | $ | 201.8 |  |  | $ | 206.5 |  |  | $ | (4.7 | ) |  | (2.3 | )% |  | $ | 397.0 |  |  | $ | 417.3 |  |  | $ | (20.3 | ) |  | (4.9 | )%
Gross profit | $ | 116.1 |  |  | $ | 124.7 |  |  | $ | (8.6 | ) |  | (6.9 | )% |  | $ | 232.3 |  |  | $ | 249.8 |  |  | $ | (17.5 | ) |  | (7.0 | )%
Gross margin | 57.5 | % |  | 60.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 58.5 | % |  | 59.9 | % |  |  |  |
Research and development | $ | 29.9 |  |  | $ | 35.9 |  |  | $ | (6.0 | ) |  | (16.7 | )% |  | $ | 59.0 |  |  | $ | 72.0 |  |  | $ | (13.0 | ) |  | (18.1 | )%
Percentage of net revenue | 14.8 | % |  | 17.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 14.9 | % |  | 17.3 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | $ | 76.6 |  |  | $ | 76.9 |  |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.4 | )% |  | $ | 149.1 |  |  | $ | 152.3 |  |  | $ | (3.2 | ) |  | (2.1 | )%
Percentage of net revenue | 38.0 | % |  | 37.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 37.6 | % |  | 36.5 | % |  |  |  |
Restructuring and related charges | $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | 38.9 | % |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | 122.2 | %
Percentage of net revenue | 1.2 | % |  | 0.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 0.4 | % |  |  |  |
Interest and other income, net | 2.9 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | (23.7 | )% |  | 3.1 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  | (39.2 | )%
Percentage of net revenue | 1.4 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.8 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of investments | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53.9 |  |  | $ | (53.9 | ) |  | (100.0 | )% |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 135.4 |  |  | $ | (135.4 | ) |  | (100.0 | )%
Percentage of net revenue | — | % |  | 26.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  | — | % |  | 32.4 | % |  |  |  |
Interest expense | $ | (11.7 | ) |  | $ | (9.4 | ) |  | $ | (2.3 | ) |  | 24.5 | % |  | $ | (24.2 | ) |  | $ | (18.6 | ) |  | $ | (5.6 | ) |  | 30.1 | %
Percentage of net revenue | (5.8 | )% |  | (4.6 | )% |  |  |  |  |  | (6.1 | )% |  | (4.5 | )% |  |  |  |
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes | $ | (1.4 | ) |  | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | (7.2 | ) |  | (124.1 | )% |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 11.5 |  |  | $ | (10.4 | ) |  | (90.4 | )%
Percentage of net revenue | (0.7 | )% |  | 2.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  |  |  |

Net Revenue
Revenue from our service offerings exceeds 10% of our total consolidated net revenue and is presented separately in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Service revenue primarily consists of maintenance and support, extended warranty, professional services and post-contract support in addition to other services such as calibration and repair services. When evaluating the performance of our segments, Management focuses on total net revenue, gross profit and operating income and not the product or service categories. Consequently, the following discussion of business segment performance focuses on total net revenue, gross profit, and operating income consistent with our approach for managing the business.
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Three months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
Net revenue decrease d by $4.7 million, or 2.3%, during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily due to decrease s in SE due to lower volume of sales as discussed below.
Product revenues decrease d by $6.7 million, or 3.6%, during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago, primarily due to continued run-off of our Mature Assurance portfolio and our planned restructuring announced in January 2017 to narrow the scope of SE product lines. Service revenues increase d by $2.0 million, or 9.0%, during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago primarily due to increased support activities in our SE segment.
NE net revenue increase d by $4.5 million, or 3.8%, during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This increase was driven by revenue from the Trilithic business acquired in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, and a $14.4 million net increase in Field Instruments contributed by strength in Cable, which was driven by the DOCSIS 3.1 deployment and high demand for other products in Field Instruments in North America. The increase was mostly offset by revenue declines of $13.7 million in Lab Instruments as the continued China slowdown negatively impacted our optical components customers.
SE net revenue decrease d by $8.5 million, or 20.9%, during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by continued run-off of our Mature Assurance portfolio solutions, which contributed a decline of $5.5 million, and a decline of $3.2 million from Growth Assurance offerings due to our planned restructuring announced in January 2017 to narrow the scope of SE product lines. Data center revenue was relatively flat compared to prior period.
OSP net revenue decrease d by $0.7 million, or 1.4%, during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by weaker demand in our Anti-Counterfeiting products, partially offset by 3D Sensing revenue increase in our Consumer and Industrial products and increase in our Government products.
Six Months Ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
Net revenue decrease d by $20.3 million, or 4.9%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago due to decrease s in all of our segments as discussed below.
Product revenues decrease d by $23.1 million, or 6.2%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago, primarily due to continued run-off of our Mature Assurance portfolio and our planned restructuring announced in January 2017 to narrow the scope of SE product lines. Service revenues increase d by $2.8 million, or 6.3%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago primarily due to increased support activities in our SE segment.
NE net revenue decrease d by $2.3 million, or 1.0%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by a $25.8 million net revenue decrease in Lab instruments as the continued China slowdown negatively impacted our optical components customers. This decrease was partially offset by revenue from the Trilithic business acquired in the first quarter of fiscal 2018, and a $15.7 million net revenue increase in Field Instruments demand contributed by strength in Cable, which was driven by the DOCSIS 3.1 deployment and high demand for other products in Field Instruments in North America.
SE net revenue decrease d by $15.9 million, or 20.6%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by continued run-off of our Mature Assurance portfolio solutions, which contributed a decline of $9.8 million, and a decline of $6.1 million from Growth Assurance offerings due to our planned restructuring announced in January 2017 to narrow the scope of SE product lines. Data center revenue was relatively flat compared to prior period.
OSP net revenue decrease d by $2.1 million, or 2.0%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by net revenue decrease from our Anti-Counterfeiting product line. The Company expects the Anti-Counterfeiting business to continue to follow its historical pattern of cyclicality as currency customers continually rebalance their inventories relative to market demand. The decrease was partially offset by revenue increase in 3D Sensing within our Consumer and Industrial product lines and increases in our Government product line.
Going forward, we expect to continue to encounter a number of industry and market risks and uncertainties that may limit our visibility, and consequently, our ability to predict future revenue, profitability and general financial performance, and that could create quarter over quarter variability in our financial measures. For example, while the majority of our net revenue and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars, a portion of our international operations are denominated in foreign currencies. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could negatively impact reported revenue and expenses. Additionally,
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we have seen demand for our NE and SE products affected by macroeconomic uncertainty. We cannot predict when or to what extent these uncertainties will be resolved. Our revenues, profitability, and general financial performance may also be affected by: (a) pricing pressures due to, among other things, a highly concentrated customer base, increasing competition, particularly from Asia-based competitors, and a general commoditization trend for certain products; (b) product mix variability in our NE and SE markets, which affects revenue and gross margin; (c) fluctuations in customer buying patterns, which cause demand, revenue and profitability volatility; and (d) the current trend of communication industry consolidation, which is expected to continue, that directly affects our NE and SE customer bases and adds additional risk and uncertainty to our financial and business projections.
In fiscal 2018, we expect to continue to see a decline in net revenue from our mature Assurance product offerings within our SE segment. In our OSP segment, we expect the revenue to rebound in the second half of fiscal 2018. In the first half of fiscal 2018, we commenced shipment of 3D sensing products. We expect 3D sensing products to be more meaningful to OSP segment longer term as the market adopts security authentication technology in mobile devices and other applications.
Revenue by Region
We operate in three geographic regions: Americas, Asia-Pacific and Europe Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). Net revenue is assigned to the geographic region and country where our product is initially shipped. For example, certain customers may request shipment of our product to a contract manufacturer in one country, which may differ from the location of their end customers. The following table presents net revenue by the three geographic regions we operate in and net revenue from countries that exceeded 10% of our total net revenue (dollars in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Americas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 89.1 |  |  | 44.2 | % |  | $ | 80.0 |  |  | 38.7 | % |  | $ | 166.8 |  |  | 42.0 | % |  | $ | 161.4 |  |  | 38.7 | %
Other Americas | 21.1 |  |  | 10.4 | % |  | 20.6 |  |  | 10.0 | % |  | 40.2 |  |  | 10.1 | % |  | 41.4 |  |  | 9.9 | %
Total Americas | 110.2 |  |  | 54.6 | % |  | 100.6 |  |  | 48.7 | % |  | 207.0 |  |  | 52.1 | % |  | 202.8 |  |  | 48.6 | %
Asia-Pacific |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater China | $ | 29.1 |  |  | 14.5 | % |  | $ | 28.0 |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | $ | 76.8 |  |  | 19.3 | % |  | $ | 54.3 |  |  | 13.0 | %
Other Asia | 16.4 |  |  | 8.1 | % |  | 17.7 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 6.6 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | 37.8 |  |  | 9.1 | %
Total Asia-Pacific | 45.5 |  |  | 22.6 | % |  | 45.7 |  |  | 22.1 | % |  | 83.4 |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | 92.1 |  |  | 22.1 | %
EMEA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Switzerland | 12.1 |  |  | 6.0 | % |  | 21.5 |  |  | 10.4 | % |  | 40.4 |  |  | 10.2 | % |  | 50.5 |  |  | 12.1 | %
Other EMEA | 34.0 |  |  | 16.8 | % |  | 38.7 |  |  | 18.8 | % |  | 66.2 |  |  | 16.7 | % |  | 71.9 |  |  | 17.2 | %
Total EMEA | 46.1 |  |  | 22.8 | % |  | 60.2 |  |  | 29.2 | % |  | 106.6 |  |  | 26.9 | % |  | 122.4 |  |  | 29.3 | %
Total net revenue | $ | 201.8 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 206.5 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 397.0 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 417.3 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Net revenue from customers outside the Americas during the three months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 represented 45.4% and 51.3% of net revenue, respectively. Net revenue from customers outside the Americas during the six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 represented 47.9% and 51.4% of net revenue, respectively. We expect revenue from customers outside of United States to continue to be an important part of our overall net revenue and an increasing focus for net revenue growth opportunities.
Gross Margin
Gross margin decrease d by 2.9 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2017 from 60.4% in the same period a year ago to 57.5% in the current period. This decrease was primarily driven by gross margin reduction in our NE and OSP segments and higher cost related to the inventory fair value step-up amortization from Trilithic. This decrease was partially offset by gross margin improvement in our SE segment.
Gross margin decrease d by 1.4 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2017 from 59.9% in the same period a year ago to 58.5% in the current period. This decrease was primarily driven by gross margin reduction in our NE and OSP
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segment and higher cost related to the inventory fair value step-up amortization from Trilithic. This decrease was partially offset by gross margin improvement in our SE segment.
As discussed in more detail under “Net Revenue” above, we sell products in certain markets that are consolidating, undergoing product, architectural and business model transitions, have high customer concentrations, are highly competitive (increasingly due to Asia-Pacific-based competition), are price sensitive and/or are affected by customer seasonal and mix variant buying patterns. We expect these factors to continue to result in variability of our gross margin.
Research and Development
R&D expense decrease d by $6.0 million, or 16.7%, during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by net cost savings realized from our strategic restructuring activities related to site consolidations and internal reorganizations to align our investment strategy. As a percentage of net revenue R&D decrease d by 2.6 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago as the Company continued to execute targeted cost savings initiatives.
R&D expense decrease d by $13.0 million, or 18.1%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by net cost savings realized from our strategic restructuring activities related to site consolidations and internal reorganizations to align our investment strategy. As a percentage of net revenue R&D decrease d by 2.4 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago as the Company continued to execute targeted cost savings initiatives.
We believe that continuing our investments in R&D is critical to attaining our strategic objectives. We plan to continue to invest in R&D and new products that will further differentiate us in the marketplace.
Selling, General and Administrative
SG&A expense remained relatively flat during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. As a percentage of net revenue SG&A increase d 0.8 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago, driven by decreased revenue as discussed above.
SG&A expense decrease d by $3.2 million, or 2.1%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily due to reduction in labor and facilities expenses associated with our strategic restructuring activities and ongoing cost reduction efforts. As a percentage of net revenue SG&A increase d 1.1 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago, driven by decreased revenue as discussed above.
We intend to continue to focus on reducing our SG&A expense as a percentage of net revenue. Specifically, in January 2017 we announced a restructuring and global workforce reduction plan designed to improve profitability and reduce costs by streamlining NSE operations. However, we have in the past experienced, and may continue to experience in the future, certain non-core expenses, such as mergers and acquisitions-related expenses and litigation expenses, which could increase our SG&A expenses and potentially impact our profitability expectations in any particular quarter.
Restructuring and Related Charges
From time to time we have initiated strategic restructuring events primarily intended to reduce costs, consolidate our operations, rationalize the manufacturing of our products and align our businesses in response to market conditions. We estimate annualized gross cost savings of approximately $49 million excluding any one-time charges as a result of the restructuring activities initiated in the past year. Refer to “Note 11. Restructuring and Related Charges” for more information.
During the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, we incurred $2.5 million and $4.0 million in restructuring and related charges, respectively, due to new and previously announced restructuring plans. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, we incurred restructuring and related charges of $1.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, we recorded $2.5 million in restructuring and related charges. These charges are primarily the result of the following:
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• | During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, Management approved a plan within the NE business segment to consolidate and integrate the Trilithic acquisition. As a result, a restructuring charge of $0.5 million was recorded for severance and employee benefits for approximately 20 employees primarily in manufacturing and SG&A functions located in the United States. Payments related to the severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

• | During fiscal 2017, Management approved a plan in the NE and SE business segments as part of VIAVI’s continued strategy to improve profitability in the Company’s Network and Service Enablement (NSE) business by narrowing the scope of the Service Enablement business and reducing costs by streamlining NSE operations. During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the headcount impact by this plan has increased by approximately 20 employees and as a result a restructuring charge of $1.7 million was recorded for severance and employee benefits. As a result approximately 340 employees in manufacturing, R&D and SG&A functions located in North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia were impacted. Payments related to the severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, we recorded $1.8 million in restructuring and related charges. These charges were primarily the result of the following:

• | During the second quarter of fiscal 2017, as part of the strategy to narrow the scope of the SE business and reducing cost by streamlining NSE operations, VIAVI entered into a separation agreement with two key executives and as a result, a restructuring charge of $1.4 million was recorded for severance and employee benefits.

During the six months ended December 30, 2017, we incurred $4.0 million in restructuring and related charges. These charges are a combination of new and previously announced restructuring plans and are primarily the result of the following:

• | During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, Management approved a plan within NE business segment to related to the integration of the Trilithic business acquired in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. As a result, a restructuring charge of $0.5 million was recorded for severance and employee benefits for approximately 20 employees primarily in manufacturing and SG&A functions located in the United States who were impacted. Payments related to the remaining severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

• | During fiscal 2017, Management approved a plan in the NE and SE business segments as part of VIAVI’s continued strategy to improve profitability in the Company’s Network and Service Enablement (NSE) business by narrowing the scope of the Service Enablement business and reducing costs by streamlining NSE operations. During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the headcount impact by this plan has increased by approximately 20 employees and as a result a restructuring charge of $1.7 million was recorded for severance and employee benefits. As a result approximately 340 employees in manufacturing, R&D and SG&A functions located in North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia were impacted. Payments related to the severance and benefits accrual are expected to be paid by the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

• | During the third quarter of fiscal 2017, Management approved a plan in the NE and SE segment to exit the space in Colorado Springs, Colorado. As of September 30, 2017, the Company exited the workspace in Colorado Springs under the plan and recorded a lease exit cost of $1.2 million. Payments related to the Colorado Springs lease costs are expected to be paid by the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2021.

Our restructuring and other lease exit cost obligations are net of sublease income or lease settlement estimates of approximately $2.5 million. Our ability to generate sublease income, as well as our ability to terminate lease obligations and recognize the anticipated related savings, is highly dependent upon the economic conditions, particularly commercial real estate market conditions in certain geographies, at the time we negotiate the lease termination and sublease arrangements with third parties as well as the performances by such third parties of their respective obligations. While the amount we have accrued represents the best estimate of the remaining obligations we expect to incur in connection with these plans, estimates are subject to change. Routine adjustments are required and may be required in the future as conditions and facts change through the implementation period. If adverse macroeconomic conditions continue, particularly as they pertain to the commercial real estate market, or if, for any reason, tenants under subleases fail to perform their obligations, we may be required to reduce estimated future sublease income and adjust the
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estimated amounts of future settlement agreements, and accordingly, increase estimated costs to exit certain facilities. Amounts related to the lease expense, net of anticipated sublease proceeds, will be paid over the respective lease terms through fiscal 2021.
Interest and Other Income, Net
Interest and other income, net was $2.9 million during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to $3.8 million the same period a year ago. This $0.9 million decrease was primarily driven by a $0.2 million loss on repurchase of debt, a $0.9 million more unfavorable foreign exchange impact and a $1.8 million decrease in other income primarily due to gain on sale of other assets from prior period, partially offset by a $2.0 million increase in interest income.
Interest and other income, net was $3.1 million during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to $5.1 million the same period a year ago. This $2.0 million decrease was primarily driven by a $3.8 million loss on repurchase of debt, a $0.8 million more unfavorable foreign exchange impact and a $1.3 million decrease in other income primarily due to gain on sale of other assets from prior period, partially offset by a $4.3 million increase in interest income.
Gain on Sale of Investments
We sold 1.7 million and 5.6 million shares of Lumentum common stock during three and six months ended December 31, 2016 and recognized a gross realized gain of approximately $53.8 million and $135.3 million, respectively, reflected in "Gain on sale of investments" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of July 1, 2017, the Company had sold all ownership of Lumentum’s common stock.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $2.3 million, or 24.5%, during the three months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This increase was primarily due to $4.5 million interest expense in relation to the 2024 Notes issued in March 2017, partially offset by $2.2 million reduction in interest expense related to the 2033 Notes due to repurchase of debt.
Interest expense increase d by $5.6 million, or 30.1%, during the six months ended December 30, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago. This increase was primarily due to $9.1 million interest expense in relation to the 2024 Notes issued in March 2017, partially offset by $3.5 million reduction in interest expense related to the 2033 Notes due to repurchase of debt.
Provision for Income Taxes
We recorded income tax (benefit) expense of $(1.4) million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, respectively. We recorded income tax expense of $5.8 million and $11.5 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016, respectively.
The income tax (benefit) expense for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 primarily relates to income tax in certain foreign and state jurisdictions based on our forecasted pre-tax income or loss for the respective fiscal year. For the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, this foreign and state tax is offset by a tax benefit of $0.4 million and $3.1 million, respectively, which was recorded in our income tax provision related to the income tax intraperiod allocation rules in relation to other comprehensive income. In accordance with authoritative guidance, this benefit may reverse during the fiscal year. Additionally, for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017, the tax provision includes a benefit of $6.5 million resulting from the passage of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Act”), the impacts of which are detailed below.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted. Income tax effects resulting from changes in tax laws are accounted for by us in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires that these tax effects be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted, and the effects are recorded as a component of the provision for income taxes from continuing operations. The law has significantly changed the way the U.S. taxes corporations. The Act repealed the alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) for corporations and provided that the existing AMT credit carryforwards would be refunded in 2022 if not utilized. As a result, we recognized a benefit of $4.5 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 for the release of the valuation allowance previously maintained against the AMT credit deferred tax asset. In addition, under the Act, our current year net operating losses and any future net operating losses can now be carried forward indefinitely. As a result, our deferred tax liability associated with indefinite-lived intangible assets may now offset these indefinite-lived deferred tax assets, resulting in a benefit of $2.0 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017 due to release of valuation allowance.
The Act imposed a deemed repatriation of our foreign subsidiaries’ post-1986 earnings and profits (“E&P”) which had previously been deferred from US income tax. We have made a provisional estimate of this deemed repatriation of E&P and has
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determined that there is no current period expense or liability due our having sufficient estimated losses for the fiscal year to offset the income associated with the deemed repatriation. As previously noted, the impact of the deemed repatriation is a provisional estimate. We have not yet completed the calculation of the total post-1986 foreign E&P for all foreign subsidiaries. Further, the transition tax is based in part on the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. This amount may change when we finalize the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalizes the amounts held in cash or other specified assets. In addition, further interpretations from U.S. federal and state governments and regulatory organizations may change the provisional estimate or the accounting treatment of the provisional estimate.
The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% as of January 1, 2018. We have not made sufficient progress on remeasuring our deferred tax assets and liabilities to determine a reasonable estimate at this time. However, we expect that there will be an equal and offsetting reduction in the valuation allowance such that there should be no impact to our (benefit from) provision for income taxes for the fiscal year related to the rate reduction.
Upon adoption of the new guidance on share-based payment awards, previously unrecognized excess tax benefits were recorded as a deferred tax asset, which was fully offset by a corresponding increase in valuation allowance, resulting in no impact to opening accumulated deficit. In addition, due to the full valuation allowance on the U.S. deferred tax assets, there was no impact to the income tax provision from excess tax benefits for the three and six months ended December 30, 2017.
The income tax expense (benefit) recorded differs from the expected tax expense (benefit) that would be calculated by applying the federal statutory rate to our income from continuing operations before taxes primarily due to the changes in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets attributable to our domestic and foreign income (loss) from continuing operations, impacts of the Act, and due to the income tax benefit recorded in continuing operations under the income tax intraperiod allocation rules.
As of December 30, 2017, and July 1, 2017, our unrecognized tax benefits totaled $39.1 million and $38.9 million, respectively, and are included in deferred taxes and other non-current tax liabilities, net. We had $2.1 million accrued for the payment of interest and penalties at December 30, 2017. The unrecognized tax benefits that may be recognized during the next twelve months are approximately $0.1 million.
Operating Segment Information (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | Change |  | Percentage Change |  | December 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | Change |  | Percentage Change
Network Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | $ | 121.5 |  |  | $ | 117.0 |  |  | $ | 4.5 |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | $ | 233.3 |  |  | $ | 235.6 |  |  | $ | (2.3 | ) |  | (1.0 | )%
Gross profit | 73.8 |  |  | 74.6 |  |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (1.1 | )% |  | 144.4 |  |  | 152.0 |  |  | (7.6 | ) |  | (5.0 | )%
Gross margin | 60.7 | % |  | 63.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 61.9 | % |  | 64.5 | % |  |  |  |
Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | 32.1 |  |  | 40.6 |  |  | (8.5 | ) |  | (20.9 | )% |  | 61.1 |  |  | 77.0 |  |  | (15.9 | ) |  | (20.6 | )%
Gross profit | 22.4 |  |  | 27.1 |  |  | (4.7 | ) |  | (17.3 | )% |  | 42.9 |  |  | 48.4 |  |  | (5.5 | ) |  | (11.4 | )%
Gross margin | 69.8 | % |  | 66.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 70.2 | % |  | 62.9 | % |  |  |  |
Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | 153.6 |  |  | 157.6 |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  | (2.5 | )% |  | 294.4 |  |  | 312.6 |  |  | (18.2 | ) |  | (5.8 | )%
Operating income | 8.0 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 33.3 | % |  | 15.2 |  |  | 10.1 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 50.5 | %
Operating margin | 5.2 | % |  | 3.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 3.2 | % |  |  |  |
OSP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | $ | 48.2 |  |  | $ | 48.9 |  |  | $ | (0.7 | ) |  | (1.4 | )% |  | 102.6 |  |  | $ | 104.7 |  |  | $ | (2.1 | ) |  | (2.0 | )%
Gross profit | 26.2 |  |  | 28.2 |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  | (7.1 | )% |  | 57.6 |  |  | 59.8 |  |  | (2.2 | ) |  | (3.7 | )%
Gross margin | 54.4 | % |  | 57.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 56.1 | % |  | 57.1 | % |  |  |  |
Operating income | 17.4 |  |  | 20.9 |  |  | (3.5 | ) |  | (16.7 | )% |  | 39.6 |  |  | 44.3 |  |  | (4.7 | ) |  | (10.6 | )%
Operating margin | 36.1 | % |  | 42.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 38.6 | % |  | 42.3 | % |  |  |  |

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Network Enablement
During the three months ended December 30, 2017, NE gross margin decrease d by 3.1 percentage points from 63.8% in the same period a year ago to 60.7% in the current period. This decrease was primarily due to unfavorable product mix as Lab Instruments revenue declined and higher product cost during the current period.
During the six months ended December 30, 2017, NE gross margin decrease d by 2.6 percentage points from 64.5% in the same period a year ago to 61.9% in the current period. This decrease was primarily due to unfavorable product mix as Lab Instruments revenue declined and higher product cost during the current period.
Service Enablement
During the three months ended December 30, 2017, SE gross margin increase d by 3.1 percentage points from 66.7% in the same period a year ago to 69.8% in the current period. This increase was primarily due to improved quality of revenue resulting from our planned restructuring announced in January 2017 to narrow the scope of SE product lines.
During the six months ended December 30, 2017, SE gross margin increase d by 7.3 percentage points from 62.9% in the same period a year ago to 70.2% in the current period. This increase was primarily due to improved quality of revenue resulting from our planned restructuring announced in January 2017 to narrow the scope of SE product lines and favorable product mix as a result of lower margin pass-through hardware revenue mix in our Growth Assurance offerings in the same period a year ago
Network and Service Enablement (“NSE”)
During the three months ended December 30, 2017, NSE operating margin increase d by 1.4 percentage points from 3.8% in the same period a year ago to 5.2% in the current period. This increase in operating margin was primarily driven by reduction in NSE operating expense across all function lines due to net cost savings realized from our prior fiscal year’s strategic restructuring activities as we continue to drive efficiencies and streamline operations to improve profitability, partially offset by NE gross margin reduction.
During the six months ended December 30, 2017, NSE operating margin increase d by 2.0 percentage points from 3.2% in the same period a year ago to 5.2% in the current period. This increase in operating margin was primarily driven by reduction in NSE operating expense across all function lines due to net cost savings realized from our prior fiscal year’s strategic restructuring activities as we continue to drive efficiencies and streamline operations to improve profitability, partially offset by NE gross margin reduction.
Optical Security and Performance Products
During the three months ended December 30, 2017, OSP gross margin decrease d by 3.3 percentage points from 57.7% in the same period a year ago to 54.4% in the current period. This decrease was primarily due to unfavorable product mix driven by lower revenue from Anti-Counterfeiting products coupled with incremental revenue from 3D Sensing products.
During the six months ended December 30, 2017, OSP gross margin decrease d by 1.0 percentage points from 57.1% in the same period a year ago to 56.1% in the current period. This decrease was primarily due to unfavorable product mix driven by lower revenue from Anti-Counterfeiting products coupled with incremental revenue from 3D Sensing products.
OSP operating margin decrease d by 6.6 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2017 from 42.7% in the same period a year ago to 36.1% in the current period. The decrease in operating margin was primarily due to decrease in gross margin as discussed above and increased operating expense associated with R&D investment in growth initiatives.
OSP operating margin decrease d by 3.7 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2017 from 42.3% in the same period a year ago to 38.6% in the current period. The decrease in operating margin was primarily due to decrease in gross margin as discussed above and increased operating expense associated with R&D investment in growth initiatives and headcount growth in sales.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash investments are made in accordance with an investment policy approved by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and has not changed from that disclosed in our 10-K. Virtually all debt securities held were minimum BBB/Baa2. As of December 30, 2017, U.S. entities owned approximately 68.2% of our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and restricted cash.
As of December 30, 2017, the majority of our cash investments have maturities of 90 days or less and are of high credit quality. Although we intend to hold these investments to maturity, in the event that we are required to sell any of these securities
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under adverse market conditions, losses could be recognized on such sales. During the three months ended December 30, 2017, we have not realized material investment losses but can provide no assurance that the value or the liquidity of our investments will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. In addition, we maintain cash balances in operating accounts that are with third party financial institutions. These balances in the U.S. may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. While we monitor the cash balances in our operating accounts and adjust the cash balances as appropriate, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company repurchased $12.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2033 Notes for $13.0 million in cash. In connection with the repurchase, a loss on extinguishment of $0.2 million was recognized in interest and other income, net in compliance with the authoritative guidance. After giving effect to the repurchase, the total amount of 2033 Notes outstanding as of December 30, 2017 was $451.0 million. As of December 30, 2017, the expected remaining term of the 2033 Notes is 0.6 years and thus was classified as current portion of long-term debt.
On February 1, 2018, the Company announced its entry into the Purchase Agreement with certain subsidiaries of Cobham to acquire Cobham’s Test and Measurement business for $455 million cash consideration, subject to certain customary closing adjustments. Please refer to Note 18. Subsequent events for more details.
Six Months Ended December 30, 2017
As of December 30, 2017 our combined balance of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, including marketable equity securities, and restricted cash decreased by $235.0 million to $1,212.8 million from $1,447.8 million as of July 1, 2017.
During the six months ended December 30, 2017, cash provided by operating activities was $34.9 million, consisted of net loss of $8.5 million adjusted for non-cash charges (e.g., depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation) which totaled $73.1 million, including changes in deferred tax balance, offset by net decrease in operating assets and liabilities of $29.7 million. Net decreases in our operating assets and liabilities related primarily to an increase in inventories of $19.1 million due to inventory build-up primarily for our 3D sensing products, an increase in accounts receivables of $18.7 million due to the higher billings in the current quarter, and a decrease in accrued expenses and other current and non-current liabilities of $2.4 million due to payment for severance related liabilities. This was offset by a decrease in other current and non-current assets of $5.1 million primarily driven by change in forward contract and prepaid inventory, an increase in deferred revenue of $4.4 million primarily from our 3D sensing products offset by amortization of support agreements and the release of revenue upon customer acceptance, and an increase in accounts payable of $2.4 million driven by the timing of payments.
During the six months ended December 30, 2017, cash used in investing activities was $85.0 million, primarily related to $56.2 million of cash used for the acquisition of Trilithic, $14.9 million of cash used for capital expenditures and $20.7 million of net purchase, sales and maturities of available-for-sale debt securities offset by $4.5 million decrease in restricted cash and $2.3 million proceeds from sales of assets.
During the six months ended December 30, 2017, cash used in financing activities was $213.3 million, primarily resulting from $175.0 million used for repurchase of our 2033 Notes, $31.0 million of cash used to repurchase common stock under our share repurchase program, $8.9 million in withholding tax payment on vesting of restricted stock awards and $0.9 million in payment of financing obligations offset by $2.5 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan.
Six Months Ended December 31, 2016
As of December 31, 2016, our combined balance of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, including marketable equity securities, and restricted cash increased by $35.1 million to $1,014.9 million from $979.8 million as of July 2, 2016.
During the six months ended December 31, 2016, cash provided by operating activities was $36.7 million, consisted of net income of $127.2 million adjusted for non-cash charges (e.g., depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation) which totaled $65.7 million, including changes in deferred tax balance less gain on sale of investment of $135.4 million, offset by net decrease in operating assets and liabilities of $20.8 million. Net decreases in our operating assets and liabilities related primarily to an increase in accounts receivable of $21.2 million primarily driven by timing of collections, a decrease in deferred revenue of $16.9 million due to amortization of support agreements and the release of revenue upon customer acceptance, a decrease in accounts payable of $9.8 million driven by the timing of payments, an increase in other current and non-current assets of $7.1 million due to prepaid inventory, and a decrease in accrued payroll and related expenses of $1.5 million due to the timing of salary payments. This was offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other current and non-current liabilities of $32.6 million due to a customer prepayment offset by restructuring payments and an increase in income taxes payable of $3.7 million.
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During the six months ended December 31, 2016, cash provided by investing activities was $46.1 million, primarily from the sale of 5.6 million shares of marketable equity securities relating to Lumentum stock which generated $183.2 million of cash proceeds offset by $120.7 million of net purchase, sales and maturities of available-for-sale debt securities and $20.1 million of cash used for capital expenditures.
During the six months ended December 31, 2016, cash used in financing activities was $43.9 million, primarily resulting from $39.7 million in repurchase of our common stock, $7.8 million in withholding tax payment on vesting of restricted stock awards, offset by $4.0 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan.
We believe that our existing cash balances and investments will be sufficient to meet our liquidity and capital spending requirements over the next twelve months. However, there are a number of factors that could positively or negatively impact our liquidity position, including:

• | global economic conditions which affect demand for our products and services and impact the financial stability of our suppliers and customers;

• | changes in accounts receivable, inventory or other operating assets and liabilities which affect our working capital;

• | increase in capital expenditure to support the revenue growth opportunity of our business;

• | changes in customer payment terms and patterns, which typically results in customers delaying payments or negotiating favorable payment terms to manage their own liquidity positions;

• | timing of payments to our suppliers;

• | factoring or sale of accounts receivable;

• | volatility in fixed income and credit market which impact the liquidity and valuation of our investment portfolios;

• | volatility in foreign exchange market which impacts our financial results;

• | possible investments or acquisitions of complementary businesses, products or technologies;

• | issuance or repurchase of debt or equity securities, which may include open market purchases of our 2033 Notes prior to their maturity or of our common stock;

• | potential funding of pension liabilities either voluntarily or as required by law or regulation; and

• | compliance with covenants and other terms and conditions related to our financing arrangements.

Contractual Obligations
There were no material changes to our existing contractual commitments during the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements, other than the guarantees discussed in “Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies.”
Employee Equity Incentive Plan
Our stock-based benefit plans are a broad-based, long-term retention program that is intended to attract and retain employees and align stockholder and employee interests. Refer to “Note 14. Stock-Based Compensation” for more details.
Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefits
We sponsor significant pension plans for certain past and present employees in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Germany. We are also responsible for the non-pension post-retirement benefit obligation or PBO assumed from a past acquisition. All of these plans have been closed to new participants and no additional service costs are being accrued, except for certain plans in Germany assumed in connection with acquisitions during fiscal 2010. The U.K. plan is partially funded and the Germany plans, which were initially established as “pay-as-you-go” plans, are unfunded. As of December 30, 2017, our pension plans were under funded by $107.9 million since the PBO exceeded the fair value of its plan assets. Similarly, we had a liability of $1.1 million related to our non-pension post-retirement benefit plan. Pension plan assets are managed by external third parties and we monitor
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the performance of our investment managers. As of December 30, 2017, the fair value of plan assets had increased approximately 4.8% since July 1, 2017, our most recent fiscal year end.
A key actuarial assumption in calculating the net periodic cost and the PBO is the discount rate. Changes in the discount rate impact the interest cost component of the net periodic benefit cost calculation and PBO due to the fact that the PBO is calculated on a net present value basis. Decreases in the discount rate will generally increase pre-tax cost, recognized expense and the PBO. Increases in the discount rate tend to have the opposite effect. We estimate a 50 basis point (“BPS”) decrease or increase in the discount rate would cause a corresponding increase or decrease, respectively, in the PBO of approximately $9.5 million based upon data as of July 1, 2017.
In estimating the expected return on plan assets, we consider historical returns on plan assets, adjusted for forward-looking considerations, inflation assumptions and the impact of active management of the plan’s invested assets. While it is not possible to accurately predict future rate movements, we believe our current assumptions are appropriate. Refer to “Note 15. Employee Pension and Other Benefit Plans” for more details.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risks
The Company’s market risk has not changed materially from the foreign exchange and interest rate risks disclosed in Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 1, 2017.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 30, 2017.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to a variety of claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. While management currently believes that resolving claims against us, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or statement of cash flows, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. If an unfavorable final outcome were to occur, it may have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the period in which the effect becomes reasonably estimable.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report for the fiscal year ended July 1, 2017 except as noted below.
In October 2017, we temporarily closed our Santa Rosa, California facility, which resulted in production stoppage due to wildfires in the region and the facility’s close proximity to the wildfire evacuation zone. The location of our production facility could subject us to production delays and/or equipment and property damage.
The geographic location of our Northern California headquarters and production facilities subject them to earthquake and wildfire risks. It is impossible to predict the timing, magnitude or location of such natural disasters or their impacts on the local economy and on our operations. If a major earthquake, wildfire or other natural disaster were to damage or destroy our facilities
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or manufacturing equipment, we may experience potential impacts ranging from production and shipping delays to lost profits and revenues.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Share repurchase activity during the three months ended December 30, 2017 was as follows:

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)
October 1, 2017 to October 28, 2017 | 986,419 |  |  | $9.49 |  | 986,419 |  |  | $ | 35 |
October 29, 2017 to November 25, 2017 | 515,870 |  |  | $9.08 |  | 515,870 |  |  | 30 |
November 26, 2017 to December 30, 2017 | 869,898 |  |  | $8.90 |  | 869,898 |  |  | 23 |
| 2,372,187 |  |  | $9.19 |  | 2,372,187 |  |  | $ | 23 |

In September 2016, the Board of Directors increased the Company’s previously authorized stock repurchase program from $100 million to $150 million. Under the revised repurchase authorization, the Company may repurchase up to $150 million of the Company’s common stock from time to time at the discretion of the Company’s management. The Board previously authorized expiration of the share repurchase to be extended to December 31, 2017. In December 2017, the Board authorized a further extension of the Company's stock repurchase program for an additional 3 months to expire on March 31, 2018.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following documents are filed as Exhibits to this report:

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  | Filed
Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |  | Herewith
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Viavi Solutions Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.1 |  | Restated 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.2 |  | Restated 2003 Equity Incentive Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 7, 2018 | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
| (Registrant)
| By: | /s/ AMAR MALETIRA
| Name: | Amar Maletira
| Title: | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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