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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 30, 2023
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from |  |  |  | to |  |

Commission File Number 000-22874
Viavi Solutions Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 94-2579683
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1445 South Spectrum Blvd, Suite 102, Chandler, Arizona 85286
(Address of principal executive offices including Zip code)
(408) 404-3600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of the exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value of $0.001 per share |  | VIAV |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of January 27, 2024, the Registrant had 222,565,774 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS | Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2
| Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended Dec ember 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 3
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of Dec ember 30, 2023 and July 1, 2023 | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 5
|  | Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 6
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 35
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risks | 49
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 49
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION | 50
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 50
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 51
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 66
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 66
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 66
| Item 5. | Other Information | 66
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 67
SIGNATURES | 68

1

Table of Contents
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product revenue | $ | 210.9 |  |  | $ | 241.5 |  |  | $ | 416.5 |  |  | $ | 509.2 |
Service revenue | 43.6 |  |  | 43.0 |  |  | 85.9 |  |  | 85.5 |
Total net revenue | 254.5 |  |  | 284.5 |  |  | 502.4 |  |  | 594.7 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product cost of revenue | 83.2 |  |  | 92.5 |  |  | 161.4 |  |  | 191.4 |
Service cost of revenue | 19.9 |  |  | 19.3 |  |  | 41.7 |  |  | 38.7 |
Amortization of acquired technologies | 3.4 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 12.8 |
Total cost of revenues | 106.5 |  |  | 117.5 |  |  | 210.0 |  |  | 242.9 |
Gross profit | 148.0 |  |  | 167.0 |  |  | 292.4 |  |  | 351.8 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 49.5 |  |  | 51.9 |  |  | 99.4 |  |  | 104.5 |
Selling, general and administrative | 74.8 |  |  | 90.0 |  |  | 152.0 |  |  | 170.2 |
Amortization of other intangibles | 1.4 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 4.4 |
Restructuring and related benefits | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses | 125.6 |  |  | 144.1 |  |  | 254.0 |  |  | 279.1 |
Income from operations | 22.4 |  |  | 22.9 |  |  | 38.4 |  |  | 72.7 |
Interest and other income, net | 3.8 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 3.3 |
Interest expense | (7.9) |  |  | (6.2) |  |  | (15.7) |  |  | (12.3) |
Income before income taxes | 18.3 |  |  | 18.9 |  |  | 36.7 |  |  | 63.7 |
Provision for income taxes | 7.6 |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 16.2 |  |  | 22.7 |
Net income | $ | 10.7 |  |  | $ | 8.4 |  |  | $ | 20.5 |  |  | $ | 41.0 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Diluted | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Shares used in per share calculations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 222.5 |  |  | 225.9 |  |  | 222.2 |  |  | 226.1 |
Diluted | 223.5 |  |  | 227.1 |  |  | 223.9 |  |  | 228.8 |

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Net income | $ | 10.7 |  |  | $ | 8.4 |  |  | $ | 20.5 |  |  | $ | 41.0 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in cumulative translation adjustment, net of tax | 29.7 |  |  | 43.3 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | 0.7 |
Amortization of net actuarial gains and other pension adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.3) |
Net change in accumulated other comprehensive loss | 29.7 |  |  | 43.3 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 0.4 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 40.4 |  |  | $ | 51.7 |  |  | $ | 29.7 |  |  | $ | 41.4 |

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except share and par value data)
(unaudited)

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 543.7 |  |  | $ | 506.5 |
Short-term investments | 25.0 |  |  | 14.6 |
Restricted cash | 3.1 |  |  | 4.5 |
Accounts receivable, net | 208.9 |  |  | 231.2 |
Inventories, net | 115.1 |  |  | 116.1 |
Prepayments and other current assets | 69.5 |  |  | 72.1 |
Total current assets | 965.3 |  |  | 945.0 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 236.5 |  |  | 243.0 |
Goodwill, net | 455.2 |  |  | 455.2 |
Intangibles, net | 48.2 |  |  | 58.6 |
Deferred income taxes | 90.4 |  |  | 87.0 |
Other non-current assets | 60.6 |  |  | 61.7 |
Total assets | $ | 1,856.2 |  |  | $ | 1,850.5 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 43.8 |  |  | $ | 47.2 |
Accrued payroll and related expenses | 46.6 |  |  | 50.5 |
Deferred revenue | 60.8 |  |  | 78.6 |
Accrued expenses | 21.9 |  |  | 21.2 |
Short-term debt | 96.3 |  |  | 96.2 |
Other current liabilities | 42.7 |  |  | 49.8 |
Total current liabilities | 312.1 |  |  | 343.5 |
Long-term debt | 632.8 |  |  | 629.5 |
Other non-current liabilities | 183.3 |  |  | 186.7 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 1 million shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding at December 30, 2023 and July 1, 2023 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 1 billion shares authorized; 223 million shares at December 30, 2023 and 222 million shares at July 1, 2023, issued and outstanding | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Additional paid-in capital | 70,444.8 |  |  | 70,427.3 |
Accumulated deficit | (69,590.2) |  |  | (69,600.7) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (126.8) |  |  | (136.0) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 728.0 |  |  | 690.8 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,856.2 |  |  | $ | 1,850.5 |

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(unaudited)

| Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 20.5 |  |  | $ | 41.0 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation expense | 19.5 |  |  | 17.1 |
Amortization of acquired technologies and other intangibles | 10.4 |  |  | 17.2 |
Stock-based compensation | 23.7 |  |  | 26.0 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 3.8 |  |  | 1.2 |
Net change in fair value of contingent liabilities | (8.4) |  |  | 1.8 |
Deferred taxes, net | 3.1 |  |  | 3.3 |
Restructuring | (0.9) |  |  | — |
Gain on legal settlement | — |  |  | (6.7) |
Other | 2.3 |  |  | 2.9 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 22.8 |  |  | 42.2 |
Inventories | (0.7) |  |  | (14.4) |
Other current and non-currents assets | 1.3 |  |  | 12.0 |
Accounts payable | (2.4) |  |  | (6.9) |
Income taxes payable | (0.3) |  |  | (9.0) |
Deferred revenue, current and non-current | (17.5) |  |  | (8.3) |
Accrued payroll and related expenses | (4.4) |  |  | (21.6) |
Accrued expenses and other current and non-current liabilities | (2.1) |  |  | (25.0) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 70.7 |  |  | $ | 72.8 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Purchases of short-term investments | $ | (115.0) |  |  | $ | — |
Maturities of short-term investments | 105.3 |  |  | — |
Capital expenditures | (12.5) |  |  | (32.9) |
Proceeds from the sale of assets | 1.9 |  |  | 2.4 |
Acquisitions, net of cash hold back | — |  |  | (64.4) |
Purchase price adjustment related to business acquisition | — |  |  | (1.0) |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (20.3) |  |  | $ | (95.9) |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock | $ | (10.0) |  |  | $ | (43.9) |
Withholding tax payment on vesting of restricted stock and performance based-awards | (9.3) |  |  | (11.2) |
Payment of financing obligations | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan | 3.0 |  |  | 3.7 |
Payment of acquisition related obligations | (1.0) |  |  | (0.7) |
Payment of acquisition related contingent consideration | (0.9) |  |  | (0.5) |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (18.3) |  |  | $ | (52.7) |
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 4.9 |  |  | $ | (0.1) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 37.0 |  |  | (75.9) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period (1) | 515.6 |  |  | 572.8 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period (2) | $ | 552.6 |  |  | $ | 496.9 |

(1)These amounts include both current and non-current balances of restricted cash totaling $9.1 million and $12.9 million as of July 1, 2023 and July 2, 2022, respectively.
(2)These amounts include both current and non-current balances of restricted cash totaling $8.9 million and $12.8 million as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)
(unaudited)

Three Months Ended December 30, 2023
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  | 222.4 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 70,432.4 |  |  | $ | (69,600.9) |  |  | $ | (156.5) |  |  | $ | 675.2 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 10.7 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29.7 |  |  | 29.7 |
Shares issued under employee stock plans, net of tax |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12.6 |
Balance at December 30, 2023 |  | 222.6 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 70,444.8 |  |  | $ | (69,590.2) |  |  | $ | (126.8) |  |  | $ | 728.0 |

Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance at October 1, 2022 |  | 226.8 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 70,375.9 |  |  | $ | (69,528.4) |  |  | $ | (199.3) |  |  | $ | 648.4 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.4 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43.3 |  |  | 43.3 |
Shares issued under employee stock plans, net of tax |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13.1 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | (2.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (25.2) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 224.8 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 70,388.8 |  |  | $ | (69,545.2) |  |  | $ | (156.0) |  |  | $ | 687.8 |

Six Months Ended December 30, 2023
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance at July 1, 2023 |  | 221.5 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 70,427.3 |  |  | $ | (69,600.7) |  |  | $ | (136.0) |  |  | $ | 690.8 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 20.5 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 9.2 |
Shares issued under employee stock plans, net of tax |  | 2.1 |  |  | — |  |  | (6.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6.3) |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23.8 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10.0) |  |  | — |  |  | (10.0) |
Balance at December 30, 2023 |  | 222.6 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 70,444.8 |  |  | $ | (69,590.2) |  |  | $ | (126.8) |  |  | $ | 728.0 |

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Six Months Ended December 31, 2022
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance at July 2, 2022 |  | 226.4 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 70,370.2 |  |  | $ | (69,542.3) |  |  | $ | (156.4) |  |  | $ | 671.7 |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 41.0 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |
Shares issued under employee stock plans, net of tax |  | 1.9 |  |  | — |  |  | (7.5) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.5) |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26.1 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | (3.5) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43.9) |  |  | — |  |  | (43.9) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 224.8 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 70,388.8 |  |  | $ | (69,545.2) |  |  | $ | (156.0) |  |  | $ | 687.8 |

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Basis of Presentation
The financial information for Viavi Solutions Inc. (VIAVI, also referred to as the Company, we, our and us) for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is unaudited, and includes all normal and recurring adjustments the Company’s management considers necessary for a fair statement of the financial information set forth herein. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, such information does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information, please refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended July 1, 2023.
There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 as compared to the significant accounting policies presented in “Note 1. Basis of Presentation” of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report for the year ended July 1, 2023 on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on August 17, 2023.
The Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 1, 2023 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The results for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 may not be indicative of results for the fiscal year ending June 29, 2024 or any future periods.
Fiscal Years
The Company utilizes a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to June 30th. The Company’s fiscal 2024 is a 52-week year ending on June 29, 2024. The Company’s fiscal 2023 was a 52-week year ending on July 1, 2023.
Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Reclassification of Prior Period Balances
Certain reclassifications of prior period balances have been made to conform to current presentation. Refer to “Note 9. Goodwill” and “Note 19. Operating Segments and Geographic Information” for further information.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that effect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the reported amount of net revenues and expenses and the disclosure of commitments and contingencies during the reporting periods. Estimates are based on historical factors, current circumstances and the experience and judgment of management. Under changed conditions the Company’s reported financial positions or results of operations may be materially impacted when using different estimates and assumptions, particularly with respect to significant accounting policies. If estimates or assumptions differ from actual results, subsequent periods are adjusted to reflect more readily available information.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 2. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The amendments clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements on various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, earnings per share, debt, equity, and derivatives. The amendments will align the requirements in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) with the SEC’s regulations. The amendments in this ASU will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC, and will not be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is prohibited. As we are currently subject to these SEC requirements, this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280), to improve reportable segment disclosures, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update will require public entities to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, as the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and included within segment profit and loss. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 (fiscal 2025 for the Company), and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted and will be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740), to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal 2026 for the Company), with early and retrospective adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
We reviewed all other accounting pronouncements issued during the six months ended December 30, 2023 and concluded that they were not applicable to the Company.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 3. Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in millions, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 10.7 |  |  | $ | 8.4 |  |  | $ | 20.5 |  |  | $ | 41.0 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 222.5 |  |  | 225.9 |  |  | 222.2 |  |  | 226.1 |
Shares issuable assuming conversion of convertible notes (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |
Effect of dilutive securities from stock-based compensation plans | 1.0 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 2.0 |
Diluted | 223.5 |  |  | 227.1 |  |  | 223.9 |  |  | 228.8 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Diluted | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |

(1)Represents the dilutive impact for the Company’s 1.75% Senior Convertible Notes due 2023 (2023 Notes), the 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes due 2024 (2024 Notes) and the 1.625% Senior Convertible Notes due 2026 (2026 Notes). As of December 30, 2023, the if-converted value is less than the outstanding principal of the 2024 and 2026 Notes, respectively, and are therefore anti-dilutive. Refer to “Note 11. Debt” for more details.
The following table sets forth the weighted-average potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of the diluted net income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Restricted stock units | 5.6 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3.2 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 4. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the accumulated net unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments, foreign currency translation adjustments and change in unrealized components of defined benefit obligations.
For the six months ended December 30, 2023, the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component were as follows (in millions):

| Unrealized losses on available-for sale investments |  | Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  | Change in unrealized components of defined benefit obligations (1) |  | Total
Beginning balance as of July 1, 2023 | $ | (5.3) |  |  | $ | (125.4) |  |  | $ | (5.3) |  |  | $ | (136.0) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassification | — |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.3 |
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 9.2 |
Ending balance as of December 30, 2023 | $ | (5.3) |  |  | $ | (116.1) |  |  | $ | (5.4) |  |  | $ | (126.8) |

(1)The amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss represents the amortization of actuarial gains included as a component of Cost of revenues, Research and development (R&D) and Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, net of reclassification adjustments, for the six months ended December 30, 2023. There was no tax impact for the six months ended December 30, 2023. Refer to “Note 17. Employee Pension and Other Benefit Plans” for more details on the computation of net periodic cost for pension plans.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 5. Acquisitions
On October 5, 2022, the Company acquired all of the equity of Jackson Labs Technologies, LLC (Jackson Labs), a privately held company which specializes in Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) solutions for critical infrastructure serving both military and civilian applications. The acquisition enables the Company to broaden its solutions offering into the rapidly developing PNT landscape.
The total purchase consideration included approximately $49.9 million paid in cash at closing and additional contingent consideration of up to $117.0 million for which future cash payments are dependent on the achievement of certain operational and revenue targets over the course of a three-year period beginning in January 2023. The cash consideration paid at closing included escrow payments of $5.0 million for indemnity holdback and $2.0 million subject to final cash and net working capital adjustments. The acquisition has been accounted for in accordance with the authoritative guidance on business combinations; therefore, the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date. In connection with this acquisition, the Company recorded approximately $48.3 million of goodwill and $30.6 million of developed technology and other intangibles. The acquired developed technology and other intangible assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from one to six years.
Goodwill represents the excess of the preliminary estimated purchase consideration over the preliminary estimates of the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and has been allocated to the Network Enablement segment. Goodwill is primarily attributable to expected synergies in the acquired technologies that may be leveraged by the Company in future PNT offerings. The goodwill was deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.
The Company has included the financial results of Jackson Labs in its Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material to the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Other Acquisitions:
On March 29, 2023, April 21, 2023 and June 8, 2023, the Company completed acquisitions accounted for as asset purchases consisting of an aggregate cash paid at closing of $2.9 million and $0.2 million of indemnity holdback. In connection with these acquisitions, the Company recorded developed technology intangibles of $2.5 million which are being amortized over their estimated useful life of five years.
On July 18, 2022, the Company completed an acquisition accounted for as a business combination consisting of cash paid at closing of $17.5 million and $2.0 million of indemnity holdback. In connection with this acquisition, the Company recorded approximately $11.2 million of goodwill, $5.1 million of developed technology and $1.8 million of deferred tax liability. The acquired developed technology asset is being amortized over its estimated useful life of four years.
Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration
The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of the Company’s earn-out liabilities associated with the Company’s acquisitions for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Beginning period balance |  | $ | 18.3 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 19.7 |  |  | $ | 2.5 |
Additions to Contingent Consideration |  | — |  |  | 29.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 29.4 |
Payments of Contingent Consideration |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.5) |
Fair value adjustment of earn-out liabilities |  | (7.0) |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | (8.4) |  |  | 1.8 |
Currency translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Ending period balance |  | $ | 10.6 |  |  | $ | 33.2 |  |  | $ | 10.6 |  |  | $ | 33.2 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 6. Balance Sheet and Other Details
Contract Balances
Gross receivables include both billed and unbilled receivables (including Contract assets). As of December 30, 2023, and July 1, 2023, the Company had total unbilled receivables of $13.6 million and $13.7 million, respectively.
The Company also has short-term and long-term deferred revenues related to undelivered product and professional services, consisting of installations and consulting engagements, which are recognized as the Company's performance obligations under the contract are completed and accepted by the customer.
The following tables summarize the activity related to deferred revenue (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  |
| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  |
Deferred revenue: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 90.5 |  |  | $ | 102.0 |  |  |
Revenue deferrals for new contracts (1) | 24.7 |  |  | 44.9 |  |  |
Revenue recognized during the period (2) | (30.5) |  |  | (62.2) |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 84.7 |  |  | $ | 84.7 |  |  |

(1)Included in these amounts is the impact from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
(2)Revenue recognized during the period represents releases from the balance at the beginning of the period as well as releases from the current period deferrals.
Remaining performance obligation estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, adjustments for revenue that have not materialized, and adjustments for currency.
The value of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations as of December 30, 2023, was $248.4 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 89% of remaining performance obligations as revenue within the next 12 months, and the remainder thereafter.
Accounts receivable allowances - Credit losses
The following table presents the activities and balances for allowance for credit losses (in millions):

| July 1, 2023 |  |  |  | Charged to Costs and Expenses |  | Deductions (1) |  | December 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses | $ | 1.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | 1.6 |

(1)Represents the effect of currency translation adjustments and write-offs of uncollectible accounts, net of recoveries.
Inventories, net
The following table presents the components of inventories, net (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
Finished goods | $ | 53.4 |  |  | $ | 49.0 |
Work in process | 16.6 |  |  | 17.7 |
Raw materials | 45.1 |  |  | 49.4 |
Inventories, net | $ | 115.1 |  |  | $ | 116.1 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Prepayments and other current assets
The following table presents the components of prepayments and other current assets (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
Refundable income taxes | $ | 28.3 |  |  | $ | 27.6 |
Prepayments | 14.0 |  |  | 16.5 |
Advances to contract manufacturers | 8.2 |  |  | 9.8 |
Fair value of forward contracts | 5.4 |  |  | 3.5 |
Transaction tax receivables | 3.7 |  |  | 5.1 |
Asset held for sale | 2.5 |  |  | 2.5 |
Other current assets | 7.4 |  |  | 7.1 |
Prepayments and other current assets | $ | 69.5 |  |  | $ | 72.1 |

Other non-current assets
The following table presents the components of other non-current assets (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
Operating ROU assets (Note 12) | $ | 37.5 |  |  | $ | 40.4 |
Long-term restricted cash | 5.8 |  |  | 4.6 |
Deposits | 2.6 |  |  | 2.3 |
Deferred contract cost | 2.5 |  |  | 2.9 |
Debt issuance cost - Revolving Credit Facility | 2.3 |  |  | 2.8 |
Other non-current assets | 9.9 |  |  | 8.7 |
Other non-current assets | $ | 60.6 |  |  | $ | 61.7 |

Other current liabilities
The following table presents the components of other current liabilities (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
Operating lease liabilities (Note 12) | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 10.1 |
Interest payable | 5.4 |  |  | 5.5 |
Income tax payable | 4.5 |  |  | 4.4 |
Warranty accrual | 4.0 |  |  | 4.2 |
Acquisition related holdback and related accruals | 3.0 |  |  | 4.1 |
Transaction tax payable | 2.6 |  |  | 4.3 |
Fair value of forward contracts | 2.0 |  |  | 2.4 |
Restructuring accrual (Note 13) | 1.2 |  |  | 5.8 |
Fair value of contingent consideration (Note 5) | — |  |  | 1.1 |
Other | 10.0 |  |  | 7.9 |
Other current liabilities | $ | 42.7 |  |  | $ | 49.8 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Other non-current liabilities
The following table presents components of other non-current liabilities (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
Pension and post-employment benefits | $ | 54.9 |  |  | $ | 53.2 |
Operating lease liabilities (Note 12) | 27.0 |  |  | 29.4 |
Long-term deferred revenue | 23.9 |  |  | 23.4 |
Deferred tax liability | 19.1 |  |  | 13.9 |
Uncertain tax position | 15.9 |  |  | 15.8 |
Financing obligation | 15.8 |  |  | 15.8 |
Fair value of contingent consideration (Note 5) | 10.6 |  |  | 18.6 |
Warranty accrual | 4.5 |  |  | 4.8 |
Asset retirement obligations | 3.9 |  |  | 3.8 |
Other | 7.7 |  |  | 8.0 |
Other non-current liabilities | $ | 183.3 |  |  | $ | 186.7 |

Note 7. Investments and Forward Contracts
Short-Term Investments
As of December 30, 2023, the Company’s short-term investments of $25.0 million were comprised of a 30-day term deposit of $23.3 million and trading securities related to the deferred compensation plan of $1.7 million, of which $1.5 million was invested in equity securities, $0.1 million was invested in debt securities and $0.1 million was invested in money market instruments.
As of July 1, 2023, the Company’s short-term investments of $14.6 million were comprised of a 30-day term deposit of $13.1 million and trading securities related to the deferred compensation plan of $1.5 million, of which $1.2 million was invested in equity securities, $0.1 million was invested in debt securities and $0.2 million was invested in money market instruments.
Trading securities are reported at fair value, with the unrealized gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of Interest and other income, net.
Non-Designated Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
The Company has foreign subsidiaries that operate and sell the Company’s products in various markets around the world. As a result, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risks. The Company utilizes foreign exchange forward contracts to manage foreign currency risk associated with foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily certain short-term intercompany receivables and payables, and to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows related to foreign-currency transactions. The Company does not use these foreign currency forward contracts for trading purposes.
As of December 30, 2023, the Company had forward contracts that were effectively closed but not settled with the counterparties as of the balance sheet date. Therefore, the fair value of these contracts of $5.4 million and $2.0 million is reflected as Prepayments and other current assets and Other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. As of July 1, 2023, the fair value of these contracts of $3.5 million and $2.4 million is reflected as Prepayments and other current assets and Other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.
The forward contracts outstanding and not effectively closed, with a term of less than 120 days, were transacted near quarter end; therefore, the fair value of the contracts is not significant. As of December 30, 2023 and July 1, 2023, the notional amounts of the forward contracts that the Company held to purchase foreign currencies were $96.4 million and $87.5 million, respectively, and the notional amounts of forward contracts that the Company held to sell foreign currencies were $82.4 million and $19.3 million, respectively.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The change in the fair value of these foreign currency forward contracts is recorded as gain or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of Interest and other income, net. The cash flows related to the settlement of foreign currency forward contracts are classified as operating activities. The foreign exchange forward contracts incurred a gain of $3.4 million and loss of $0.1 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023, respectively, and a gain of $6.0 million and loss of $0.7 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 8. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. There is an established hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs which market participants would use in valuing an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs which reflect the assumptions market participants would use in valuing an asset or liability.
The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:
•Level 1: includes financial instruments for which quoted market prices for identical instruments are available in active markets. Level 1 assets of the Company include money market funds, U.S. Treasury securities and marketable equity securities as they are traded with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions.
•Level 2: includes financial instruments for which the valuations are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 instruments of the Company include asset-backed securities, foreign currency forward contracts and debt. To estimate their fair value, the Company utilizes pricing models based on market data. The significant inputs for the valuation model usually include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker and dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data, and industry and economic events.
•Level 3: includes financial instruments for which fair value is derived from valuation-based inputs, that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. As of December 30, 2023 and July 1, 2023, the Company did not hold any Level 3 investment securities. The Company’s Level 3 liabilities consist of contingent purchase consideration liabilities related to business acquisitions. The fair value of such earn-out liabilities are generally determined using a Monte Carlo Simulation that includes significant unobservable inputs such as the risk-adjusted discount rate, gross profit volatility, and projected financial forecast of acquired business over the earn-out period. The fair value of certain earn-out liabilities is derived using the estimated probability of success of achieving the earn-out milestones discounted to present value. The fair value of contingent consideration liabilities is remeasured at each reporting period at the estimated fair value based on the inputs on the date of remeasurement, with the change in fair value recognized in the Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense of the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Fair Value Measurements
The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value for the periods presented are as follows (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities(1) | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | — |
Total debt available-for-sale securities | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |
Money market funds(2) | 377.7 |  |  | 377.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 344.8 |  |  | 344.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Trading securities(3) | 1.7 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts(4) | 5.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |
Total assets | $ | 385.1 |  |  | $ | 379.4 |  |  | $ | 5.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 350.1 |  |  | $ | 346.3 |  |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts(5) | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | — |
Contingent consideration (6) | 10.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19.7 |
Total liabilities | $ | 12.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 10.6 |  |  | $ | 22.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 19.7 |

(1)Included in Other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)Includes, as of December 30, 2023, $370.6 million in Cash and cash equivalents, $3.0 million in Restricted cash and $4.1 million in Other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Includes, as of July 1, 2023, $336.5 million in Cash and cash equivalents, $4.3 million in Restricted cash and $4.0 million in Other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3)Included in Short-term investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(4)Included in Other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(5)Included in Other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(6)As of December 30, 2023, included in Other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of July 1, 2023, includes certain amounts in Other current liabilities and Other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Other Fair Value Measures
Fair Value of Debt: If measured at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the Company’s 3.75% Senior Notes (2029 Notes), 1.625% Senior Convertible Notes (2026 Notes) and 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes (2024 Notes) would be classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as they are not actively traded in the markets. The Company’s debt measured at fair value for the periods presented are as follows (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.75% Senior Notes | $ | 351.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 351.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 341.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 341.8 |  |  | $ | — |
1.625% Senior Convertible Notes | 249.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 249.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 262.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 262.7 |  |  | — |
1.00% Senior Convertible Notes | 95.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 95.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 95.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 95.6 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 696.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 696.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 700.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 700.1 |  |  | $ | — |

See “Note 11. Debt”, for further discussion of the Company’s debt.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 9. Goodwill
The following table presents changes in goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments (in millions):

| Network Enablement (1) |  | Service Enablement (1) |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  | Total
Balance as of July 1, 2023 | $ | 399.2 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  | $ | 42.2 |  |  | $ | 455.2 |
Currency translation | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Other adjustment (2) | — |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |
Balance as of December 30, 2023 | $ | 400.2 |  |  | $ | 12.8 |  |  | $ | 42.2 |  |  | $ | 455.2 |

(1)Balance as of July 1, 2023 adjusted to reflect a reclass of $1.2 million from Service Enablement to Network Enablement due to a product line movement (see Note 19. “Operating Segments and Geographic Information” for further details).
(2)Adjustment related to Goodwill acquired as part of a prior acquisition.
The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment and concluded the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units was at least two times the carrying value, and therefore no impairment was identified.
There were no events or changes in circumstances which triggered an impairment review during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023.
Note 10. Acquired Developed Technology and Other Intangibles
The following tables present details of the Company’s acquired developed technology, customer relationships and other intangibles (in millions):

As of December 30, 2023 |  |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Acquired developed technology |  |  | $ | 438.9 |  |  | $ | (397.5) |  |  | $ | 41.4 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 195.5 |  |  | (189.0) |  |  | 6.5 |
Other (1) |  |  | 39.8 |  |  | (39.5) |  |  | 0.3 |
Total intangibles |  |  | $ | 674.2 |  |  | $ | (626.0) |  |  | $ | 48.2 |

As of July 1, 2023 |  |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Acquired developed technology |  |  | $ | 438.5 |  |  | $ | (390.2) |  |  | $ | 48.3 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 195.2 |  |  | (185.9) |  |  | 9.3 |
Other (1) |  |  | 39.8 |  |  | (38.8) |  |  | 1.0 |
Total intangibles |  |  | $ | 673.5 |  |  | $ | (614.9) |  |  | $ | 58.6 |

(1)Other intangibles consist of customer backlog, patents, proprietary know-how and trade secrets, trademarks and trade names.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table presents the amortization recorded relating to acquired developed technology, customer relationships and other intangibles (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Cost of revenues | $ | 3.4 |  |  | $ | 5.7 |  |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  | $ | 12.8 |
Operating expenses | 1.4 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 4.4 |
Total amortization of intangible assets | $ | 4.8 |  |  | $ | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 10.4 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |

Based on the carrying amount of acquired developed technology, customer relationships and other intangibles as of December 30, 2023, and assuming no future impairment of the underlying assets, the estimated future amortization is as follows (in millions):

Fiscal Years |
Remainder of 2024 | $ | 9.6 |
2025 | 15.9 |
2026 | 11.4 |
2027 | 7.6 |
2028 | 3.0 |
Thereafter | 0.7 |
Total amortization | $ | 48.2 |

The acquired developed technology, customer relationships and other intangible balances are adjusted quarterly to record the effect of currency translation adjustments.
Note 11. Debt
As of December 30, 2023 and July 1, 2023, the Company’s debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets represented the carrying amount of the Senior Convertible and Senior Notes, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.
The following table presents the carrying amounts of the Company’s debt (in millions):

| December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
Principal amount of 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes | $ | 96.4 |  |  | $ | 96.4 |
Unamortized 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes debt issuance cost | (0.1) |  |  | (0.2) |
Short-term debt | $ | 96.3 |  |  | $ | 96.2 |
Principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes | $ | 400.0 |  |  | $ | 400.0 |
Unamortized 3.75% Senior Notes debt issuance cost | (5.0) |  |  | (5.5) |
Principal amount of 1.625% Senior Convertible Notes | 250.0 |  |  | 250.0 |
Unamortized 1.625% Senior Convertible Notes debt discount | (10.5) |  |  | (12.9) |
Unamortized 1.625% Senior Convertible Notes debt issuance cost | (1.7) |  |  | (2.1) |
Long-term debt | $ | 632.8 |  |  | $ | 629.5 |

The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of December 30, 2023 and July 1, 2023.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

1.625% Senior Convertible Notes (2026 Notes)
On March 6, 2023, the Company issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.625% Senior Convertible Notes due 2026 in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company issued $132.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes to certain holders of the 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes due 2024 (2024 Notes) in exchange for $127.5 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes (the Exchange Transaction) and issued and sold $118.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes in a private placement to accredited institutional buyers (the Subscription Transactions).
The Exchange Transaction was accounted for as a modification. The $127.5 million principal of the 2024 Notes was reduced by $10.1 million, with offsetting increase to additional paid-in capital, to account for the increase in the fair value of the embedded conversion option in the modification. The increase in principal and coupon interest, along with the increased option value, totaled $14.6 million and is a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. This amount will be accreted as an adjustment to interest expense on a straight-line basis and will accrete up to the full face value of the 2026 Notes at maturity.
The proceeds of the Subscription Transactions amounted to $113.8 million after issuance costs of $4.2 million. The exchange resulted in $2.2 million of the issuance costs to be recorded as Loss on convertible note modification in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The remaining issuance costs of $2.0 million as well as $0.3 million of unamortized costs carried over from the 2024 Notes at the exchange date were capitalized and will be amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method until maturity.
The 2026 Notes are an unsecured obligation of the Company and bear annual interest of 1.625%, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning September 15, 2023. The 2026 Notes mature on March 15, 2026 unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. As of December 30, 2023, the expected remaining term of the 2026 Notes is 2.2 years.
3.75% Senior Notes (2029 Notes)
On September 29, 2021, the Company issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2029 in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Proceeds of the 2029 Notes amounted to $393.0 million after issuance costs of $7.0 million. The debt issuance costs were capitalized and will be amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method until maturity. The 2029 Notes are an unsecured obligation of the Company and bear annual interest of 3.75%, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning April 1, 2022. The 2029 Notes mature on October 1, 2029 unless earlier redeemed or repurchased. As of December 30, 2023, the expected remaining term of the 2029 Notes is 5.8 years.
1.75% Senior Convertible Notes (2023 Notes)
On May 29, 2018, the Company issued $225.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Senior Convertible Notes due 2023 in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company issued $155.5 million aggregate principal of the 2023 Notes to certain holders of the 2033 Notes in exchange for $151.5 million principal of the 2033 Notes and issued and sold $69.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes in a private placement to accredited institutional buyers (the Private Placement).
In connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes, the Company incurred $2.2 million of issuance costs. The debt issuance costs were capitalized and amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method from issuance date through maturity on June 1, 2023.
See Senior Convertible Notes Settlement section below for details of the 2023 Notes exchange transactions during fiscal 2022. On June 1, 2023, the remaining 2023 Notes were retired upon maturity.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

1.00% Senior Convertible Notes (2024 Notes)
On March 3, 2017, the Company issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes due 2024 in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. On March 22, 2017, the Company issued an additional $60.0 million upon exercise of the over-allotment option of the initial purchasers. The total proceeds from the 2024 Notes amounted to $451.1 million after issuance costs of $8.9 million. The debt issuance costs were capitalized and will be amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method until maturity.
The 2024 Notes are an unsecured obligation of the Company and bear interest at an annual rate of 1.00% payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year. As of December 30, 2023, the expected remaining term of the 2024 Notes is 0.2 years. The 2024 Notes mature on March 1, 2024 unless earlier converted or repurchased. See Senior Convertible Notes Settlement section below.
During the periods from, and including December 1, 2023 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 1, 2024, holders may convert the 2024 Notes at any time regardless of the foregoing circumstances. The Company has received trivial requests for conversion.
Senior Convertible Notes Settlement
On September 2, 2021, the Company entered into separate privately-negotiated agreements with certain holders of its 2023 and 2024 Notes. The Company settled $93.8 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes and $181.2 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes in exchange for an aggregate of 10.6 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and $196.5 million in cash. The Company recorded a loss of $85.9 million in connection with the settlement transactions which is presented as Loss on convertible note settlement in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
On November 17, 2021 and November 22, 2021, the Company entered into separate privately-negotiated agreements with certain holders of its 2023 and 2024 Notes. The Company settled $20.6 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes and $25.0 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes in exchange for $59.0 million in cash. The Company recorded a loss of $6.4 million in connection with the settlement transactions which is presented as Loss on convertible note settlement in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
On March 2, 2022, the Company entered into separate privately-negotiated agreements with certain holders of its 2023 and 2024 Notes. The Company settled $23.2 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes and $26.8 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes in exchange for $64.7 million in cash. The Company recorded a loss of $6.4 million in connection with the settlement transactions which is presented as Loss on convertible note settlement in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
On June 3, 2022, the Company entered into separate privately-negotiated agreements with certain holders of its 2023 and 2024 Notes. The Company settled $19.3 million principal amount of the 2023 Notes and $3.1 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes in exchange for $27.1 million in cash. The Company recorded a loss of $3.1 million in connection with the settlement transactions which is presented as Loss on convertible note settlement in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Senior Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility
On December 30, 2021, we entered into a credit agreement (the Credit Agreement) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (Wells Fargo) as administrative agent, and other lender related parties. The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility in a maximum aggregate amount of $300 million, which matures on December 30, 2026. The Credit Agreement also provides that, under certain circumstances, the Company may increase the aggregate amount of revolving commitments thereunder by an aggregate amount of up to $100 million so long as certain conditions are met. The proceeds from the credit facility established under the Credit Agreement will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and those of its subsidiaries that are borrowers and guarantors under the Credit Agreement.
Amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement accrue interest as follows: (i) if the amounts outstanding are denominated in US Dollars, at a per annum rate equal to either, at the Company’s election, Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a margin of 1.35% to 1.85% per annum, or a specified base rate plus a margin of 0.25% to 0.75%, in each case, depending on the average excess availability under the facility, (ii) if the amounts outstanding are denominated in Sterling, at a per annum rate equal to the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate (SONIA) plus a margin of 1.2825% to 1.7825%, depending on the average excess availability under the facility, (iii) if the amounts outstanding are denominated in Euros, at a per annum rate equal to the Euro Interbank Offered Rate plus a margin of 1.25% to 1.75%, depending on the average excess availability under the facility, or (iv) if the amounts outstanding are denominated in Canadian Dollars, at a per annum rate equal to either, at the Company’s election, the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate plus a margin of 1.25% to 1.75%, or a specified base rate plus a margin of 0.25% to 0.75%, in each case, depending on the average excess availability under the facility.
The covenants of the Credit Agreement include customary restrictive covenants that, among other things, restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, grant liens and make certain acquisitions, investments, asset dispositions and restricted payments. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants that require the Company to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 if excess availability under the facility is less than the greater of 10% of the lesser of maximum revolver amount and borrowing base and $20 million.
As of December 30, 2023, we had no borrowings under this facility and our available borrowing capacity was approximately $159.0 million, net of outstanding standby letters of credit of $4.1 million.
Revolving Credit Facility
On May 5, 2020, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Wells Fargo as administrative agent, and other lender related parties. The Company borrowed $150 million and repaid $150 million under this Credit Agreement during the first quarter of fiscal 2022. In connection with the entry into the Senior Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility noted above, the Company terminated this facility.
Interest Expense
The following table presents the interest expense for contractual interest, amortization of debt issuance costs, accretion of debt discount and other (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Interest expense-contractual interest | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 4.6 |  |  | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 9.2 |
Amortization of debt issuance cost | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.2 |
Accretion of debt discount | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | — |
Other | 1.0 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 1.9 |
Total interest expense | $ | 7.8 |  |  | $ | 6.2 |  |  | $ | 15.7 |  |  | $ | 12.3 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 12. Leases
The Company is a lessee in several operating leases, primarily real estate facilities for office space. The Company's lease arrangements are comprised of operating leases with various expiration dates through March 31, 2042. The Company's leases do not contain any material residual value guarantees.
Lease expense and cash flow information are as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Operating lease costs (1) | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 3.2 |  |  | $ | 6.6 |  |  | $ | 6.5 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | 3.2 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 8.2 |
Operating ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations | 1.5 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 3.0 |

(1)Total variable lease costs were immaterial during the six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The total operating costs were included in Cost of revenues, R&D, and SG&A in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Balance sheet information related to our operating leases is as follows (in millions):

|  | December 30, 2023 |  | July 1, 2023
Operating ROU assets (Other non-current assets) |  | $ | 37.5 |  |  | $ | 40.4 |
Other current liabilities |  | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 10.1 |
Other non-current liabilities |  | 27.0 |  |  | 29.4 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 37.0 |  |  | $ | 39.5 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term |  | 6.5 years |  | 6.8 years
Weighted-average discount rate |  | 4.8 | % |  | 4.8 | %

Future minimum operating lease payments as of December 30, 2023 are as follows (in millions):

|  |  | Operating Leases
Remainder of 2024 |  |  | $ | 4.9 |
Fiscal 2025 |  |  | 10.3 |
Fiscal 2026 |  |  | 7.9 |
Fiscal 2027 |  |  | 6.0 |
Fiscal 2028 |  |  | 4.1 |
Thereafter |  |  | 9.9 |
Total lease payments |  |  | 43.1 |
Less: Interest |  |  | (6.1) |
Present value of lease liabilities |  |  | $ | 37.0 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 13. Restructuring and Related Charges
The Company’s restructuring events are primarily intended to reduce costs, consolidate operations, integrate various acquisitions, streamline product manufacturing and address market conditions. Restructuring charges primarily include severance, benefits and outplacement costs to eliminate a specified number of positions. The timing of associated cash payments is dependent upon the jurisdiction of the affected employees and can extend over multiple periods.
Fiscal 2023 Plan
During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, Management approved a restructuring and workforce reduction plan (the Fiscal 2023 Plan) to better align the Company’s workforce with current business needs and strategic growth opportunities. The Company expects approximately 5% of its global workforce to be affected.
The first phase of the Fiscal 2023 Plan impacted our Network and Service Enablement (NSE) and Optical Security and Performance Products (OSP) segments and Corporate (Corp) functions and was substantially complete as of December 30, 2023. The second phase of the Fiscal 2023 Plan is primarily focused on reducing costs in our Service Enablement (SE) segment and the Company anticipates this phase to be substantially complete by the end of fiscal 2024.
A summary of the activity in the restructuring accrual is outlined below (in millions):

| Balance as of July 1, 2023 | Restructuring and related (benefits) charges | Cash Settlements |  | Balance as of December 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Fiscal 2023 Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NSE/Corp | $ | 3.5 |  | $ | (0.8) |  | $ | (2.5) |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OSP | 0.6 |  | 0.1 |  | (0.6) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fiscal 2023 Plan Phase I | 4.1 |  | (0.7) |  | (3.1) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NSE/Corp | 1.7 |  | (0.2) |  | (0.6) |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fiscal 2023 Plan Phase II | 1.7 |  | (0.2) |  | (0.6) |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total (1) | $ | 5.8 |  | $ | (0.9) |  | $ | (3.7) |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)Included in Other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 30, 2023 and July 1, 2023.
Note 14. Income Taxes
The Company recorded an income tax provision of $7.6 million and $16.2 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023, respectively. The Company recorded an income tax provision of $10.5 million and $22.7 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively.
The income tax provision for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 primarily relates to income tax in certain foreign and state jurisdictions based on the Company’s forecasted pre-tax income or loss.
The income tax provision recorded differs from the expected tax provision that would be calculated by applying the federal statutory rate to the Company’s income from continuing operations before taxes primarily due to the changes in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets attributable to the Company’s domestic and foreign income from continuing operations.
As of December 30, 2023 and July 1, 2023, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits totaled $50.8 million and $51.1 million, respectively, and are included in deferred taxes and other non-current tax liabilities, net. The Company had $3.3 million accrued for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 30, 2023. The timing and resolution of income tax examinations is uncertain, and the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ from the amounts accrued for each year. Although the Company does not expect that our balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits will change materially in the next 12 months, given the uncertainty in the development of ongoing income tax examinations, the Company is unable to estimate the full range of possible adjustments to this balance.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 15. Stockholders' Equity
Repurchase of Common Stock
In September 2022 the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan (2022 Repurchase Plan) of up to $300 million effective October 1, 2022 which will remain in effect until the amount authorized has been fully repurchased or until suspension or termination of the program. Under the 2022 Repurchase Plan, the Company is authorized to repurchase shares through a variety of methods, including open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The timing of repurchases under the plan will depend upon business and financial market conditions. During the six months ended December 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 1.0 million shares of its common stock for $10.0 million under the 2022 Repurchase Plan. As of December 30, 2023, the Company had remaining authorization of $224.8 million for future share repurchases under the 2022 Repurchase Plan.
Note 16. Stock-Based Compensation
The Company's stock-based compensation includes a combination of time-based restricted stock awards and performance-based awards. Restricted stock awards are granted without an exercise price and are converted to shares immediately upon vesting. When converted into shares upon vesting, shares equivalent in value to the minimum withholding taxes liability on the vested shares are withheld by the Company for the payment of such taxes.
The Company generally estimates the fair value of stock-based awards based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. In the case of performance-based awards that include a market condition, the Company will estimate the fair value of the award using a combination of the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and the Monte Carlo simulation model. For performance-based awards, shares attained over target upon vesting are reflected as awards granted during the period.
Time-based restricted stock awards granted to eligible employees will generally vest in annual installments over a period of three to four years subject to the employees’ continuing service to the Company and do not have an expiration date. The Company's performance-based awards may include performance conditions, market conditions, time-based service conditions or a combination thereof and are generally expected to vest in annual installments over a period of three to four years. In addition, the actual number of shares awarded upon vesting of performance-based grants may vary from the target shares depending upon the achievement of the relevant performance or market-based conditions.
During the six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company granted 3.5 million and 2.6 million time-based restricted stock awards, respectively. The aggregate grant-date fair value of time-based restricted stock awards granted during the six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were estimated to be $34.8 million and $36.7 million, respectively.
During the six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company granted 1.2 million and 0.7 million performance-based awards, respectively. There were no performance-based shares attained over target during the six months ended December 30, 2023. There were 0.1 million performance-based shares attained over target during the six months ended December 31, 2022. The aggregate grant-date fair value of performance-based awards granted during the six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were estimated to be $13.4 million and $11.5 million, respectively.
As of December 30, 2023, $80.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation costs remain to be amortized.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The impact on the Company’s results of operations of recording stock-based compensation by function for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, is as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Cost of revenues | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 2.4 |
Research and development | 2.3 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | 4.3 |
Selling, general and administrative | 9.0 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 16.9 |  |  | 19.3 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 12.5 |  |  | $ | 13.0 |  |  | $ | 23.7 |  |  | $ | 26.0 |

Approximately $1.3 million and $1.2 million of stock-based compensation was capitalized to inventory as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Note 17. Employee Pension and Other Benefit Plans
The Company sponsors significant qualified and non-qualified pension plans for certain past and present employees in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and Germany. The Company also is responsible for the non-pension post-retirement benefit obligation assumed from a past acquisition.
Most of the plans have been closed to new participants and no additional service costs are being accrued, except for certain plans in Germany assumed in connection with an acquisition in fiscal 2010. Benefits are generally based upon years of service and compensation or stated amounts for each year of service.
As of December 30, 2023, the U.K. plan was fully funded while the other plans were unfunded. The Company’s policy for funded plans is to make contributions equal to or greater than the requirements prescribed by law or regulation. For unfunded plans, the Company pays the post-retirement benefits when due. During the six months ended December 30, 2023, the Company contributed $0.6 million to the U.K. plan and $1.9 million to the other plans. The funded plan assets consist primarily of managed investments.
The following table presents the components of net periodic cost for the pension and benefits plans (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Interest cost | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |
Expected return on plan assets | (0.5) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (0.8) |
Amortization of net actuarial gains | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |

Both the calculation of the projected benefit obligation and net periodic cost are based upon actuarial valuations. These valuations use participant-specific information such as salary, age, years of service, and assumptions about interest rates, compensation increases and other factors. At a minimum, the Company evaluates these assumptions annually and makes changes as necessary.
Based on actuarial assumptions, the Company expects to incur cash outlays of approximately $8.7 million related to its defined benefit pension plans during fiscal 2024 to make current benefit payments and fund future obligations. As of December 30, 2023, approximately $2.5 million had been incurred. These payments have been estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure the Company’s projected benefit obligation at July 1, 2023.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 18. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
Tel-Instruments Electronics Corp. Settlement
In July 2023, the Court of Appeals in the State of Kansas affirmed a lower court decision in a case filed by Aeroflex Wichita, (“Aeroflex”, a VIAVI subsidiary), against Tel-Instrument Electronics Corp. (TIC) and two of its employees with total damages of $7.3 million owed to VIAVI. The lower court case, filed by Aeroflex prior to the acquisition by VIAVI and affirmed by the Kansas Court of Appeals, awarded damages caused by tortious interference and improper use and disclosure of Aeroflex’s confidential and proprietary business information used by the defendants to win a competitive U.S. Army contract.
TIC did not file a petition to appeal the decision and acknowledged its obligation to pay damages in full. VIAVI subsequently then received total payments of $7.3 million from TIC and the two former employees and recorded a gain to Interest and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
U.K. Pension Settlement
In June 2016, the Company received a court decision regarding the validity of an amendment to a pension deed of trust related to one of its foreign subsidiaries which the Company contends contained an error requiring the Company to increase the pension plan’s benefit. The Company had subsequently further amended the deed to rectify the error. The court ruled that the amendment increasing the pension plan benefit was valid until the subsequent amendment. The Company estimated the liability to range from (amounts represented as £ denote GBP) £5.7 million to £8.4 million. The Company determined the likelihood of loss to be probable and accrued £5.7 million as of July 2, 2016 in accordance with authoritative guidance on contingencies.
The Company pursued an appeal of the court decision. In March 2018, the appellate court affirmed the decision of the lower court. The Company pursued a motion for summary judgement on the deed of rectification claim and continued to pursue a claim against the U.K. law firm responsible for the error. As of July 2, 2022, the related accrued pension liability of £5.4 million or $6.5 million was included in pension and post-employment benefits within Other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In September 2022, the Company received a favorable court decision which removed completely and definitively the obligation to fund the increased pension benefit with retrospective effect to 1999. As a result of the judgment, and in accordance with authoritative guidance on contingencies, the Company reversed the liability and recorded a gain (reduction to SG&A expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations) of £5.7 million or $6.7 million during the three months ended October 1, 2022.
The Company is subject to a variety of claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business. While management currently believes that resolving claims against the Company, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or statement of cash flows, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. Were an unfavorable final outcome to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the period in which the effect becomes reasonably estimable.
Guarantees
Outstanding Letters of Credit, Performance Bonds and Other Claims
As of December 30, 2023, the Company had standby letters of credit of $7.1 million and performance bonds and other claims of $1.8 million collateralized by restricted cash.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Product Warranties
The following table presents the changes in the Company’s warranty reserve during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Balance as of beginning of period | $ | 8.8 |  |  | $ | 9.5 |  |  | $ | 9.0 |  |  | $ | 10.6 |
Provision for warranty | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 1.0 |
Utilization of reserve | (0.7) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (1.2) |
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties (includes changes in estimates) | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (1.0) |
Balance as of end of period | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | 9.4 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | 9.4 |

Note 19. Operating Segments and Geographic Information
The Company evaluates its reportable segments in accordance with the authoritative guidance on segment reporting. The Company’s CODM uses operating segment financial information to evaluate segment performance and to allocate resources.
The Company’s reportable segments are:
(i) Network Enablement (NE):
NE provides an integrated portfolio of testing solutions that access the network to perform build-out and maintenance tasks. These solutions include instruments, software and services to design, build, turn-up, certify, troubleshoot and optimize networks. The Company also offers a range of product support and professional services such as repair, calibration, software support and technical assistance for its products. NE’s avionics products provide test and measuring solutions for aviation, aerospace, government, defense, communications and public safety.
(ii) Service Enablement (SE):
SE provides embedded systems and enterprise performance management solutions that give global communications service providers, enterprises and cloud operators visibility into network, service and application data. These solutions—including instruments, microprobes and software—monitor, collect and analyze network data to reveal the actual customer experience and to identify opportunities for new revenue streams and network optimization.
(iii) Optical Security and Performance Products (OSP):
OSP leverages its core optical coating technologies and volume manufacturing capability to design, manufacture, and sell technologies for the anti-counterfeiting, consumer electronics, industrial, government and automotive markets.
Segment Reporting
The CODM manages the Company in two broad business categories: NSE and OSP. The CODM evaluates segment performance of the NSE business based on the combined segments (NE and SE) gross and operating margins. Operating expenses associated with the NSE business are not allocated to the individual segments within NSE, as they are managed centrally at the business unit level. The CODM evaluates segment performance of the OSP business based on segment operating margin. The Company allocates corporate-level operating expenses to its segment results, except for certain non-core operating and non-operating activities as discussed below.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Company does not allocate stock-based compensation, acquisition-related charges, amortization of intangibles, restructuring, impairment of goodwill, non-operating income and expenses, changes in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, or other charges unrelated to core operating performance to its segments because management does not include this information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments. These items are presented as “Other Items” in the table below. Additionally, the Company does not specifically identify and allocate all assets by operating segment.
The following tables present information on the Company’s reportable segments for the three months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended December 30, 2023
| Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Network Enablement |  | Service Enablement |  | Network and Service Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  |  |  | Other Items (1) |  | Consolidated GAAP Measures
Product revenue | $ | 125.2 |  |  | $ | 10.8 |  |  | $ | 136.0 |  |  | $ | 74.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 210.9 |
Service revenue | 30.3 |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 43.6 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 43.6 |
Net revenue | $ | 155.5 |  |  | $ | 24.1 |  |  | $ | 179.6 |  |  | $ | 74.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 254.5 |
Gross profit | $ | 97.2 |  |  | $ | 16.6 |  |  | $ | 113.8 |  |  | $ | 39.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | (4.8) |  |  | $ | 148.0 |
Gross margin | 62.5 | % |  | 68.9 | % |  | 63.4 | % |  | 52.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 58.2 | %
Operating income |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 27.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | (11.3) |  |  | $ | 22.4 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | 36.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 8.8 | %

| Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
| Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Network Enablement (2) |  | Service Enablement (2) |  | Network and Service Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  |  |  | Other Items (1) |  | Consolidated GAAP Measures
Product revenue (2) | $ | 152.6 |  |  | $ | 11.5 |  |  | $ | 164.1 |  |  | $ | 77.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 241.5 |
Service revenue (2) | 30.7 |  |  | 12.3 |  |  | 43.0 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 43.0 |
Net revenue | $ | 183.3 |  |  | $ | 23.8 |  |  | $ | 207.1 |  |  | $ | 77.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 284.5 |
Gross profit | $ | 118.1 |  |  | $ | 15.3 |  |  | $ | 133.4 |  |  | $ | 40.5 |  |  |  |  | $ | (6.9) |  |  | $ | 167.0 |
Gross margin | 64.4 | % |  | 64.3 | % |  | 64.4 | % |  | 52.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 58.7 | %
Operating income |  |  |  |  | $ | 18.5 |  |  | $ | 27.5 |  |  |  |  | $ | (23.1) |  |  | $ | 22.9 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  | 8.9 | % |  | 35.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 8.0 | %

(1)Other items include charges (benefits) unrelated to core operating performance primarily consisting of stock-based compensation, amortization of acquisition-related intangibles, restructuring, changes in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities and other charges unrelated to core operating performance.
(2)Effective for the first quarter of fiscal 2024, management of certain products moved from the SE segment to the NE segment to better align with operational and go-to-market strategies. As a result, prior period balances have been recast to reflect the impact to net revenue, gross profit and gross margin.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

| Three Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Corporate reconciling items impacting gross profit: |  |  |
Total segment gross profit | $ | 152.8 |  |  | $ | 173.9 |
Stock-based compensation | (1.2) |  |  | (1.2) |
Amortization of intangibles | (3.4) |  |  | (5.7) |
Other charges unrelated to core operating performance (1) | (0.2) |  |  | — |
GAAP gross profit | $ | 148.0 |  |  | $ | 167.0 |
Corporate reconciling items impacting operating income: |  |  |
Total segment operating income | $ | 33.7 |  |  | $ | 46.0 |
Stock-based compensation | (12.5) |  |  | (13.0) |
Amortization of intangibles | (4.8) |  |  | (7.9) |
Change in fair value of contingent liability | 7.0 |  |  | (1.3) |
Other charges unrelated to core operating performance (1) | (1.1) |  |  | (0.9) |
Restructuring and related benefits | 0.1 |  |  | — |
GAAP operating income from continuing operations | $ | 22.4 |  |  | $ | 22.9 |

(1) During the three months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other charges unrelated to core operating performance primarily consisting of certain acquisition and integration related charges, accretion of debt discount and loss on disposal of long-lived assets.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

| Six Months Ended December 30, 2023
| Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Network Enablement |  | Service Enablement |  | Network and Service Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  |  |  | Other Items (1) |  | Consolidated GAAP Measures
Product revenue | $ | 245.6 |  |  | $ | 18.5 |  |  | $ | 264.1 |  |  | $ | 152.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 416.5 |
Service revenue | 59.9 |  |  | 26.0 |  |  | 85.9 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 85.9 |
Net revenue | $ | 305.5 |  |  | $ | 44.5 |  |  | $ | 350.0 |  |  | $ | 152.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 502.4 |
Gross profit | $ | 191.8 |  |  | $ | 30.3 |  |  | $ | 222.1 |  |  | $ | 79.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | (9.4) |  |  | $ | 292.4 |
Gross margin | 62.8 | % |  | 68.1 | % |  | 63.5 | % |  | 52.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 58.2 | %
Operating income |  |  |  |  | $ | 7.9 |  |  | $ | 56.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | (26.1) |  |  | $ | 38.4 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 37.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 7.6 | %

| Six Months Ended December 31, 2022
| Network and Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Network Enablement (2) |  | Service Enablement (2) |  | Network and Service Enablement |  | Optical Security and Performance Products |  |  |  | Other Items (1) |  | Consolidated GAAP Measures
Product revenue (2) | $ | 318.9 |  |  | $ | 21.7 |  |  | $ | 340.6 |  |  | $ | 168.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 509.2 |
Service revenue (2) | 60.9 |  |  | 24.5 |  |  | 85.4 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 85.5 |
Net revenue | $ | 379.8 |  |  | $ | 46.2 |  |  | $ | 426.0 |  |  | $ | 168.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 594.7 |
Gross profit | $ | 244.9 |  |  | $ | 30.1 |  |  | $ | 275.0 |  |  | $ | 92.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | (15.5) |  |  | $ | 351.8 |
Gross margin | 64.5 | % |  | 65.2 | % |  | 64.6 | % |  | 54.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 59.2 | %
Operating income |  |  |  |  | $ | 47.3 |  |  | $ | 66.1 |  |  |  |  | $ | (40.7) |  |  | $ | 72.7 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  | 11.1 | % |  | 39.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 12.2 | %

(1)Other items include charges (benefits) unrelated to core operating performance primarily consisting of stock-based compensation, amortization of acquisition-related intangibles, restructuring, changes in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities and other charges unrelated to core operating performance.
(2)Effective for the first quarter of fiscal 2024, management of certain products moved from the SE segment to the NE segment to better align with operational and go-to-market strategies. As a result, prior period balances have been recast to reflect the impact to net revenue, gross profit and gross margin.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

| Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Corporate reconciling items impacting gross profit: |  |  |
Total segment gross profit | $ | 301.8 |  |  | $ | 367.3 |
Stock-based compensation | (2.4) |  |  | (2.4) |
Amortization of intangibles | (6.9) |  |  | (12.8) |
Other charges unrelated to core operating performance (1) | (0.1) |  |  | (0.3) |
GAAP gross profit | $ | 292.4 |  |  | $ | 351.8 |
Corporate reconciling items impacting operating income: |  |  |
Total segment operating income | $ | 64.5 |  |  | $ | 113.4 |
Stock-based compensation | (23.7) |  |  | (26.0) |
Amortization of intangibles | (10.4) |  |  | (17.2) |
Change in fair value of contingent liability | 8.4 |  |  | (1.8) |
Other (charges) benefits unrelated to core operating performance (1) | (1.3) |  |  | 4.3 |
Restructuring and related benefits | 0.9 |  |  | — |
GAAP operating income from continuing operations | $ | 38.4 |  |  | $ | 72.7 |

(1) During the six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, other (charges) benefits unrelated to core operating performance primarily consisting of certain acquisition and integration related charges, legal settlement, accretion of debt discount and losses on disposal of long-lived assets.
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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The Company operates primarily in three geographic regions: Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA). Net revenue is assigned to the geographic region and country where the Company’s product is initially shipped. For example, certain customers may request shipment of the Company’s product to a contract manufacturer in one country, which may differ from the location of their end customers. The following table presents net revenue by the three geographic regions in which the Company operates and net revenue from countries that exceeded 10% of the Company’s total net revenue for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Product Revenue |  | Service Revenue |  | Total |  | Product Revenue |  | Service Revenue |  | Total
Americas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 68.6 |  |  | $ | 16.1 |  |  | $ | 84.7 |  |  | $ | 77.5 |  |  | $ | 15.0 |  |  | $ | 92.5 |
Other Americas | 14.6 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 18.4 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 13.8 |
Total Americas | $ | 83.2 |  |  | $ | 19.9 |  |  | $ | 103.1 |  |  | $ | 87.8 |  |  | $ | 18.5 |  |  | $ | 106.3 |
Asia-Pacific: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater China | $ | 45.9 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 47.4 |  |  | $ | 58.9 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 60.7 |
Other Asia-Pacific | 24.9 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 32.1 |  |  | 36.7 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 44.4 |
Total Asia-Pacific | $ | 70.8 |  |  | $ | 8.7 |  |  | $ | 79.5 |  |  | $ | 95.6 |  |  | $ | 9.5 |  |  | $ | 105.1 |
EMEA: | $ | 56.9 |  |  | $ | 15.0 |  |  | $ | 71.9 |  |  | $ | 58.1 |  |  | $ | 15.0 |  |  | $ | 73.1 |
Total net revenue | $ | 210.9 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 254.5 |  |  | $ | 241.5 |  |  | $ | 43.0 |  |  | $ | 284.5 |

| Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Product Revenue |  | Service Revenue |  | Total |  | Product Revenue |  | Service Revenue |  | Total
Americas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 136.2 |  |  | $ | 31.3 |  |  | $ | 167.5 |  |  | $ | 158.5 |  |  | $ | 30.6 |  |  | $ | 189.1 |
Other Americas | 28.3 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 36.1 |  |  | 33.4 |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 40.2 |
Total Americas | $ | 164.5 |  |  | $ | 39.1 |  |  | $ | 203.6 |  |  | $ | 191.9 |  |  | $ | 37.4 |  |  | $ | 229.3 |
Asia-Pacific: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater China | $ | 95.3 |  |  | $ | 3.2 |  |  | $ | 98.5 |  |  | $ | 122.4 |  |  | $ | 3.9 |  |  | $ | 126.3 |
Other Asia | 53.2 |  |  | 13.7 |  |  | 66.9 |  |  | 76.7 |  |  | 13.7 |  |  | 90.4 |
Total Asia-Pacific | $ | 148.5 |  |  | $ | 16.9 |  |  | $ | 165.4 |  |  | $ | 199.1 |  |  | $ | 17.6 |  |  | $ | 216.7 |
EMEA: | $ | 103.5 |  |  | $ | 29.9 |  |  | $ | 133.4 |  |  | $ | 118.2 |  |  | $ | 30.5 |  |  | $ | 148.7 |
Total net revenue | $ | 416.5 |  |  | $ | 85.9 |  |  | $ | 502.4 |  |  | $ | 509.2 |  |  | $ | 85.5 |  |  | $ | 594.7 |

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VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 20. Subsequent Events
On January 11, 2024, VIAVI announced that the U.S. National Telecommunications and Information Administration has awarded the Company a grant from the Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund. The grant is expected to provide approximately $21.7 million in funding over a three-year period to be used by the Company to create an advanced test lab to enable and accelerate the development of Open Radio Access Network technology and components.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which we also refer to as the Report, which are not historical facts, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. A forward-looking statement may contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “can impact,” “could,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “will continue to be,” “would,” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include statements, but are not limited to statements such as:
•Financial projections and expectations, including profitability of certain business units, plans to reduce costs and improve efficiencies including through restructuring programs, the effects of seasonality on certain business units, continued reliance on key customers for a significant portion of our revenue, future sources of revenue, competition and pricing pressures, the future impact of certain accounting pronouncements, and our estimation of the potential impact and materiality of litigation;
•Our expectations regarding demand for our products and services, including industry trends and technological advancements that may drive such demand, the role we will play in those advancements and our ability to benefit from such advancements;
•Our plans for growth and innovation opportunities;
•Our plans for continued development, use and protection of our intellectual property;
•Our strategies for achieving our current business objectives, including related risks and uncertainties;
•Our plans or expectations relating to investments, execution of capital allocation and debt management strategies, acquisitions, partnerships and other strategic opportunities;
•Our research and development plans and investments and the expected impact of such plans on our financial performance;
•Our expectations related to our products, including costs associated with the development of new products, product yields, quality and other issues; and
•Our expectations related to macro-economic conditions, including the impact of inflation, fiscal tightening at central banks, changes in foreign exchange rates, the risk of increased tensions and trade actions between China and the U.S. and the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine and escalating armed conflict between Israel and Hamas, on our business, operations and financial results.
Management cautions that forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks and uncertainties including those set forth in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other documents we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this Report and subsequent facts or circumstances may contradict, obviate, undermine or otherwise fail to support or substantiate such statements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.
In addition, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 1, 2023.
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements.”
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Overview
VIAVI is a global provider of network test, monitoring, and assurance solutions for communications service providers (CSPs), hyperscalers, network equipment manufacturers (NEMs), enterprises, original equipment manufacturers, government and avionics. We help these customers harness the power of instruments, automation, intelligence, and virtualization. VIAVI is also a leader in light management technologies for 3D sensing, anti-counterfeiting, consumer electronics, industrial, automotive, government and aerospace applications.
To serve our markets we operate the following business segments:
•Network Enablement (NE);
•Service Enablement (SE); and,
•Optical Security and Performance Products (OSP).
During the second quarter we continued to see lower capital expenditure spend by NEMs and weaker spend by service providers, which impacted our Field, Fiber and Wireless Lab products. Partially offsetting this was increased demand for our Avionics, PNT and SE products.
Any prolonged disruption of manufacturing of our products, commerce and related activity or significant decrease in demand for our products could materially and adversely affect our results of business, operations, and financial conditions.
Our financial results and long-term growth model will continue to be driven by revenue growth, non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP diluted earnings per share (EPS) and cash flow from operations. We believe these key operating metrics are useful to investors because management uses these metrics to assess the growth of our business and the effectiveness of our marketing and operational strategies.
Looking Ahead
We continue to be impacted by macroeconomic conditions and end market demand volatility. As we look ahead to the third fiscal quarter of fiscal 2024, we expect revenue to be relatively flat sequentially primarily due to continued slow recovery in service provider spend and reduced seasonal demand in 3D sensing.
Despite near-term macroeconomic headwinds, our long-term focus remains on executing against our strategic priorities to drive revenue and earnings growth, capture market share and continue to optimize our capital structure. We remain positive on our long-term growth drivers in Wireless, Fiber, 3D sensing and PNT. We will continue to focus on executing against our strategic priorities over the long-term to:
•Defend and consolidate leadership in core business segments;
•Invest in secular trends to drive growth and expand Total Addressable Market (TAM);
•Extend VIAVI technologies and platforms into adjacent markets and applications; and,
•Continued productivity improvements in Operations, Research & Development (R&D) and Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A).
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Financial Highlights
Second quarter fiscal 2024 results included the following notable items:
• Net revenue of $254.5 million, down $30.0 million or 10.5% year-over-year.
• GAAP operating margin of 8.8%, up 80 bps year-over-year.
• Non-GAAP operating margin of 13.2%, down 300 bps year-over-year.
• GAAP diluted EPS of $0.05, up $0.01 or 25.0% year-over-year.
• Non-GAAP diluted EPS of $0.11, down $0.03 or 21.4% year-over-year.
A reconciliation of GAAP financial measures to Non-GAAP financial measures is provided below (in millions, except EPS amounts):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Operating Income |  | Operating Margin |  | Operating Income |  | Operating Margin |  | Operating Income |  | Operating Margin |  | Operating Income |  | Operating Margin
GAAP measures | $ | 22.4 |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | $ | 22.9 |  |  | 8.0 | % |  | $ | 38.4 |  |  | 7.6 | % |  | $ | 72.7 |  |  | 12.2 | %
Stock-based compensation | 12.5 |  |  | 4.9 | % |  | 13.0 |  |  | 4.6 | % |  | 23.7 |  |  | 4.7 | % |  | 26.0 |  |  | 4.4 | %
Change in fair value of contingent liability | (7.0) |  |  | (2.8) | % |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | (8.4) |  |  | (1.7) | % |  | 1.8 |  |  | 0.3 | %
Other charges (benefits) unrelated to core operating performance (1) | 1.1 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | (4.3) |  |  | (0.7) | %
Amortization of intangibles | 4.8 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 7.9 |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | 10.4 |  |  | 2.1 | % |  | 17.2 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Restructuring and related benefits | (0.1) |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | (0.9) |  |  | (0.2) | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Total related to Cost of Revenue and Operating Expenses | 11.3 |  |  | 4.4 | % |  | 23.1 |  |  | 8.2 | % |  | 26.1 |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 40.7 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Non-GAAP measures | $ | 33.7 |  |  | 13.2 | % |  | $ | 46.0 |  |  | 16.2 | % |  | $ | 64.5 |  |  | 12.8 | % |  | $ | 113.4 |  |  | 19.1 | %

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Net Income |  | Diluted EPS |  | Net Income |  | Diluted EPS |  | Net Income |  | Diluted EPS |  | Net income |  | Diluted EPS
GAAP measures | $ | 10.7 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 8.4 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | 20.5 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 41.0 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Items reconciling GAAP Net income and EPS to Non-GAAP Net income and EPS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 12.5 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 13.0 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 23.7 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 26.0 |  |  | 0.11 |
Change in fair value of contingent liability | (7.0) |  |  | (0.03) |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | (8.4) |  |  | (0.04) |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 0.01 |
Other charges (benefits) unrelated to core operating performance (1) | 1.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | (4.3) |  |  | (0.02) |
Amortization of intangibles | 4.8 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 17.2 |  |  | 0.08 |
Restructuring and related benefits | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Litigation settlement (2) | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.0) |  |  | (0.03) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-cash interest expense and other expense | 1.2 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Provision for income taxes | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 0.01 |
Total related to Net income and EPS | 13.0 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 23.1 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 22.7 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 43.0 |  |  | 0.19 |
Non-GAAP measures | $ | 23.7 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 31.5 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 43.2 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 84.0 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |
Shares used in per share calculation for Non-GAAP EPS |  |  | 223.5 |  |  |  |  | 227.1 |  |  |  |  | 223.9 |  |  |  |  | 228.8 |

(1)Other items include charges (benefits) unrelated to core operating performance primarily consisting of certain acquisition and integration related charges, legal settlement, accretion of debt discount and losses on disposal of long-lived assets.
(2)Unfavorable (favorable) litigation settlement recorded to Interest and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023.
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Use of Non-GAAP (Adjusted) Financial Measures
The Company provides non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP EPS financial measures as supplemental information regarding the Company’s operational performance. The Company uses the measures disclosed in this Report to evaluate the Company’s historical and prospective financial performance, as well as its performance relative to its competitors. Specifically, management uses these items to further its own understanding of the Company’s core operating performance, which the Company believes represents its performance in the ordinary, ongoing and customary course of its operations. Accordingly, management excludes from core operating performance items such as those relating to certain purchase price accounting adjustments, amortization of acquisition-related intangibles, stock-based compensation, legal settlements, restructuring, changes in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities and certain investing expenses and other activities that management believes are not reflective of such ordinary, ongoing and core operating activities. The Company believes excluding these items enables investors to evaluate more clearly and consistently the Company’s core operational performance.
The Company believes providing this additional information allows investors to see Company results through the eyes of management. The Company further believes that providing this information allows investors to better understand the Company’s financial performance and, importantly, to evaluate the efficacy of the methodology and information used by management to evaluate and measure such performance.
The non-GAAP adjustments described in this Form 10-Q are excluded by the Company from its GAAP financial measures because the Company believes excluding these items enables investors to evaluate more clearly and consistently the Company’s core operational performance. The non-GAAP adjustments are outlined below.
Cost of revenues, costs of research and development and costs of selling, general and administrative: The Company’s GAAP presentation of operating expenses may include (i) additional depreciation and amortization from changes in estimated useful life and the write-down of certain property, equipment and intangibles that have been identified for disposal but remained in use until the date of disposal, (ii) charges such as severance, benefits and outplacement costs related to restructuring plans, (iii) costs for facilities not required for ongoing operations, and costs related to the relocation of certain equipment from these facilities and/or contract manufacturer facilities, (iv) stock-based compensation, (v) amortization expense related to acquired intangibles, (vi) changes in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities and (vii) other charges unrelated to our core operating performance comprised mainly of acquisition related transaction costs, integration costs related to acquired entities, litigation and legal settlements and other costs and contingencies unrelated to current and future operations, including transformational initiatives such as the implementation of simplified automated processes, site consolidations, and reorganizations. The Company excludes these items in calculating non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP EPS.
Non-cash interest expense and other expense: The Company excludes certain investing expenses, including accretion of debt discount, and other non-cash activities that management believes are not reflective of such ordinary, ongoing and core operating activities, in calculating non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP EPS.
Income tax expense or benefit: The Company excludes certain non-cash tax expense or benefit items, such as the utilization of net operating losses where valuation allowances were released, intra-period tax allocation benefit and the tax effect for amortization of non-tax deductible intangible assets, in calculating non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP EPS.
Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, preferable to, or an alternative for, generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to non-GAAP operating income is operating income. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to non-GAAP operating margin is operating margin. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to non-GAAP net income is net income. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to non-GAAP EPS is net income per share. The Company believes these GAAP measures alone are not fully indicative of its core operating expenses and performance and that providing non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with GAAP measures provides valuable supplemental information regarding the Company’s overall performance.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for future periods. The following table summarizes selected Consolidated Statements of Operations items (in millions, except for percentages):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | Change |  | Percent Change |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | Change |  | Percent Change
Segment net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NE | $ | 155.5 |  | $ | 183.3 |  | $ | (27.8) |  |  | (15.2) | % |  | $ | 305.5 |  | $ | 379.8 |  | $ | (74.3) |  |  | (19.6) | %
SE | 24.1 |  | 23.8 |  | 0.3 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 44.5 |  | 46.2 |  | (1.7) |  |  | (3.7) | %
OSP | 74.9 |  | 77.4 |  | (2.5) |  |  | (3.2) | % |  | 152.4 |  | 168.7 |  | (16.3) |  |  | (9.7) | %
Total net revenue | $ | 254.5 |  | $ | 284.5 |  | $ | (30.0) |  |  | (10.5) | % |  | $ | 502.4 |  | $ | 594.7 |  | $ | (92.3) |  |  | (15.5) | %
Amortization of acquired technologies | $ | 3.4 |  |  | $ | 5.7 |  |  | $ | (2.3) |  |  | (40.4) | % |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  | $ | 12.8 |  |  | $ | (5.9) |  |  | (46.1) | %
Percentage of net revenue | 1.3 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  |  |  |
Gross profit | $ | 148.0 |  |  | $ | 167.0 |  |  | $ | (19.0) |  |  | (11.4) | % |  | $ | 292.4 |  |  | $ | 351.8 |  |  | $ | (59.4) |  |  | (16.9) | %
Gross margin | 58.2 | % |  | 58.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 58.2 | % |  | 59.2 | % |  |  |  |
Research and development | $ | 49.5 |  |  | $ | 51.9 |  |  | $ | (2.4) |  |  | (4.6) | % |  | $ | 99.4 |  |  | $ | 104.5 |  |  | $ | (5.1) |  |  | (4.9) | %
Percentage of net revenue | 19.4 | % |  | 18.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 19.8 | % |  | 17.6 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | $ | 74.8 |  |  | $ | 90.0 |  |  | $ | (15.2) |  |  | (16.9) | % |  | $ | 152.0 |  |  | $ | 170.2 |  |  | $ | (18.2) |  |  | (10.7) | %
Percentage of net revenue | 29.4 | % |  | 31.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 30.3 | % |  | 28.6 | % |  |  |  |
Amortization of other intangibles | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | (0.8) |  |  | (36.4) | % |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 4.4 |  |  | $ | (0.9) |  |  | (20.5) | %
Percentage of net revenue | 0.6 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.7 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  |  |  |
Restructuring and related benefits | $ | (0.1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.1) |  |  | NM |  | $ | (0.9) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.9) |  |  | NM
Percentage of net revenue | — | % |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | — | % |  |  |  |
Interest and other income, net | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | 72.7 | % |  | $ | 14.0 |  |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 10.7 |  |  | 324.2 | %
Percentage of net revenue | 1.5 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | 0.6 | % |  |  |  |
Interest expense | $ | (7.9) |  |  | $ | (6.2) |  |  | $ | (1.7) |  |  | (27.4) | % |  | $ | (15.7) |  |  | $ | (12.3) |  |  | $ | (3.4) |  |  | (27.6) | %
Percentage of net revenue | 3.1 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 7.6 |  |  | $ | 10.5 |  |  | $ | (2.9) |  |  | (27.6) | % |  | $ | 16.2 |  |  | $ | 22.7 |  |  | $ | (6.5) |  |  | (28.6) | %
Percentage of net revenue | 3.0 | % |  | 3.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | 3.8 | % |  |  |  |

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Net Revenue
Revenue from our service offerings exceeds 10% of our total consolidated net revenue and is presented separately in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Service revenue primarily consists of maintenance and support, extended warranty, professional services and post-contract support in addition to other services such as calibration and repair services. When evaluating the performance of our segments, management focuses on total net revenue, gross profit and operating income and not the product or service categories. Consequently, the following discussion of business segment performance focuses on total net revenue, gross profit, and operating income consistent with our approach for managing the business.
Three months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Net revenue decreased by $30.0 million, or 10.5%, during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease reflects the continuing weakness in service provider spending and softness in anti-counterfeiting.
Product revenues decreased by $30.6 million, or 12.7%, during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago, driven by decreases in all segments.
Service revenues increased by $0.6 million, or 1.4%, during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago. This was driven by revenue increase from our SE segment offset by revenue decrease in our NE segment.
Going forward, we expect to continue to encounter a number of industry and market risks and uncertainties. For example, uncertainty around the timing of our customers procurement decisions on infrastructure maintenance and upgrades and decisions on new infrastructure investments or uncertainty about speed of adoption of 5G technology at a commercially viable scale. This may limit our visibility, and consequently, our ability to predict future revenue, seasonality, profitability, and general financial performance, which could create period-over-period variability in our financial measures and present foreign exchange rate risks.
We cannot predict when or to what extent these uncertainties will be resolved. Our revenues, profitability, and general financial performance may also be affected by: (a) pricing pressures due to, among other things, a highly concentrated customer base, increasing competition, particularly from Asia-based competitors, and a general commoditization trend for certain products; (b) product mix variability in our markets, which affects revenue and gross margin; (c) fluctuations in customer buying patterns, which cause demand, revenue and profitability volatility; (d) the current trend of communication industry consolidation, which is expected to continue, that directly affects our NE and SE customer bases and adds additional risk and uncertainty to our financial and business projections; (e) chip component shortages, supply chain and shipping logistic constraints; (f) the impact of ongoing global trade policies, tariffs and sanctions; and (g) regulatory or economic developments and/or technology challenges that slow or change the rate of adoption of 5G, 3D sensing and other emerging secular technologies and platforms.
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Revenue by Region
We operate in three geographic regions: Americas, Asia-Pacific and Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA). Net revenue is assigned to the geographic region and country where our product is initially shipped. For example, certain customers may request shipment of our product to a contract manufacturer in one country, which may differ from the location of their end customers. The following table presents net revenue by the three geographic regions we operate in and net revenue from countries that exceeded 10% of our total net revenue (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Americas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 84.7 |  |  | 33.3 | % |  | $ | 92.5 |  |  | 32.5 | % |  | $ | 167.5 |  |  | 33.3 | % |  | $ | 189.1 |  |  | 31.8 | %
Other Americas | 18.4 |  |  | 7.2 | % |  | 13.8 |  |  | 4.9 | % |  | 36.1 |  |  | 7.2 | % |  | 40.2 |  |  | 6.8 | %
Total Americas | $ | 103.1 |  |  | 40.5 | % |  | $ | 106.3 |  |  | 37.4 | % |  | $ | 203.6 |  |  | 40.5 | % |  | $ | 229.3 |  |  | 38.6 | %
Asia-Pacific: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater China | $ | 47.4 |  |  | 18.6 | % |  | $ | 60.7 |  |  | 21.3 | % |  | $ | 98.5 |  |  | 19.6 | % |  | $ | 126.3 |  |  | 21.2 | %
Other Asia-Pacific | 32.1 |  |  | 12.6 | % |  | 44.4 |  |  | 15.6 | % |  | 66.9 |  |  | 13.3 | % |  | 90.4 |  |  | 15.2 | %
Total Asia-Pacific | $ | 79.5 |  |  | 31.2 | % |  | $ | 105.1 |  |  | 36.9 | % |  | $ | 165.4 |  |  | 32.9 | % |  | $ | 216.7 |  |  | 36.4 | %
EMEA: | $ | 71.9 |  |  | 28.3 | % |  | $ | 73.1 |  |  | 25.7 | % |  | $ | 133.4 |  |  | 26.6 | % |  | $ | 148.7 |  |  | 25.0 | %
Total net revenue | $ | 254.5 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 284.5 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 502.4 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 594.7 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Net revenue from customers outside the Americas represented 59.5% of net revenue during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023. Net revenue from customers outside the Americas during the three and six months ended December 31, 2022 represented 62.6% and 61.4% of net revenue, respectively.
We expect revenue from customers outside of the United States to continue to be an important part of our overall net revenue and an increasing focus for net revenue growth opportunities.
Amortization of Acquired Technologies (Cost of revenues)
Amortization of acquired technologies within Cost of revenues decreased $2.3 million or 40.4% and $5.9 million or 46.1% during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago. These decreases are primarily due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized in fiscal 2023 offset in part by amortization of intangibles acquired through acquisitions in fiscal 2023.
Gross Margin
Gross margin decreased by 0.5 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2023 from 58.7% in the same period a year ago to 58.2% in the current period. The decrease was primarily due to gross margin reduction from our NE and OSP segments, partially offset by gross margin increase in our SE segment, as discussed below in the Operating Segment Information section.
Gross margin decreased by 1.0 percentage point during the six months ended December 30, 2023 from 59.2% in the same period a year ago to 58.2% in the current period. The decrease was primarily due to gross margin reduction from our NE and OSP segments, partially offset by gross margin increase in our SE segment, as discussed below in the Operating Segment Information section.
As discussed in more detail under “Net Revenue” above, we sell products in certain markets that are consolidating, undergoing product, architectural and business model transitions, have high customer concentrations, are highly competitive (increasingly due to Asia-Pacific-based competition), are price sensitive and/or are affected by customer seasonal and mix variant buying patterns. We expect these factors to continue to result in variability of our gross margin.
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Research and Development
R&D expense decreased by $2.4 million, or 4.6% and $5.1 million, or 4.9% during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago. These decreases were primarily due to benefits from our restructuring activities and variable expense reductions. As a percentage of net revenue, R&D expense increased by 1.2 percentage points during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same periods a year ago.
We believe that continuing our investments in R&D is critical to attaining our strategic objectives. We plan to continue to invest in R&D and new products that will further differentiate us in the marketplace.
Selling, General and Administrative
SG&A expense decreased by $15.2 million, or 16.9%, during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily due to the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions, benefits from our restructuring activities and variable expense reductions including lower commissions. As a percentage of net revenue, SG&A decreased 2.2 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago.
SG&A expense decreased by $18.2 million, or 10.7%, during the six months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily due to the fair value adjustment of contingent consideration related to acquisitions, benefits from our restructuring activities and variable expense reductions including lower commissions. As a percentage of net revenue, SG&A increased 1.7 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago.
Amortization of Intangibles (Operating expenses)
Amortization of intangibles within Operating expenses decreased $0.8 million or 36.4% and $0.9 million or 20.5% during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago. These decreases are primarily due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized in fiscal 2023 offset in part by amortization of intangibles acquired through acquisitions in fiscal 2023.
Restructuring
The Company’s restructuring events are primarily intended to reduce costs, consolidate operations, integrate various acquisitions, streamline product manufacturing and address market conditions. During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, Management approved a restructuring and workforce reduction plan (the Fiscal 2023 Plan) to better align the Company’s workforce with current business needs and strategic growth opportunities. The Fiscal 2023 Plan, which affected approximately 5% of the Company's workforce, resulted in an estimated annualized gross cost savings of approximately $25.0 million excluding any one-time charges as a result of the restructuring activities.
The first phase of the Fiscal 2023 Plan impacted all segments and corporate functions and was substantially complete as of December 30, 2023. The second phase of the Fiscal 2023 Plan is primarily focused on reducing costs in our SE segment and the Company anticipates this phase to be substantially complete by the end of fiscal 2024.
We estimate future cash payments of $1.2 million under the Fiscal 2023 Plan during the remainder of fiscal 2024, funded by operating cash flow.
During the three and six months ended December 30, 2023, the Company recorded restructuring benefits of $0.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively, related to the Fiscal 2023 Plan. Refer to “Note 13. Restructuring and Related Charges” for more information.
Interest and other income, net
Interest and other income, net, was $3.8 million during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to $2.2 million during the same period a year ago. This $1.6 million increase was primarily driven by higher interest income during the current period partially offset by an unfavorable foreign exchange impact as the balance sheet hedging program provided a less favorable offset to the remeasurement of underlying foreign exchange exposures during the current period.
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Interest and other income, net, was $14.0 million during the six months ended December 30, 2023 compared to $3.3 million during the same period a year ago. This $10.7 million increase was primarily driven by a legal settlement in our favor in the amount of $7.3 million and higher interest income during the current period partially offset by an unfavorable foreign exchange impact as the balance sheet hedging program provided a less favorable offset to the remeasurement of underlying foreign exchange exposures during the current period.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $1.7 million, or 27.4% and $3.4 million, or 27.6% during the three and six months ended December 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods a year ago. These increases were primarily driven by the accretion of debt discount and interest expense on the Senior Convertible Notes due 2026 as a result of the issuance in March 2023.
Provision for Income Taxes
We recorded an income tax provision of $7.6 million and $16.2 million for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023, respectively. We recorded an income tax provision of $10.5 million and $22.7 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively.
The income tax provision for the three and six months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 primarily relates to income tax in certain foreign and state jurisdictions based on our forecasted pre-tax income or loss.
The income tax provision recorded differs from the expected tax provision that would be calculated by applying the federal statutory rate to our income from continuing operations before taxes primarily due to the changes in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets attributable to our domestic and foreign income from continuing operations.
As of December 30, 2023, and July 1, 2023, our unrecognized tax benefits totaling $50.8 million and $51.1 million, respectively, are included in deferred taxes and other non-current tax liabilities, net. We had $3.3 million accrued for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 30, 2023. The timing and resolution of income tax examinations is uncertain, and the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ from the amounts accrued for each year. Although we do not expect that our balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits will change materially in the next 12 months, given the uncertainty in the development of ongoing income tax examinations, we are unable to estimate the full range of possible adjustments to this balance.
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Operating Segment Information
Information related to our operating segments were as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | Change |  | Percentage Change |  | December 30, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022 |  | Change |  | Percentage Change
Network Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | $ | 155.5 |  |  | $ | 183.3 |  |  | $ | (27.8) |  |  | (15.2) | % |  | $ | 305.5 |  |  | $ | 379.8 |  |  | $ | (74.3) |  |  | (19.6) | %
Gross profit | 97.2 |  |  | 118.1 |  |  | (20.9) |  |  | (17.7) | % |  | 191.8 |  |  | 244.9 |  |  | (53.1) |  |  | (21.7) | %
Gross margin | 62.5 | % |  | 64.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 62.8 | % |  | 64.5 | % |  |  |  |
Service Enablement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | $ | 24.1 |  |  | $ | 23.8 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | $ | 44.5 |  |  | $ | 46.2 |  |  | $ | (1.7) |  |  | (3.7) | %
Gross profit | 16.6 |  |  | 15.3 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 8.5 | % |  | 30.3 |  |  | 30.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.7 | %
Gross margin | 68.9 | % |  | 64.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 68.1 | % |  | 65.2 | % |  |  |  |
Network and Service Enablement
Net revenue | $ | 179.6 |  |  | $ | 207.1 |  |  | $ | (27.5) |  |  | (13.3) | % |  | $ | 350.0 |  |  | $ | 426.0 |  |  | $ | (76.0) |  |  | (17.8) | %
Operating income | 6.4 |  |  | 18.5 |  |  | (12.1) |  |  | (65.4) | % |  | 7.9 |  |  | 47.3 |  |  | (39.4) |  |  | (83.3) | %
Operating margin | 3.6 | % |  | 8.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 11.1 | % |  |  |  |
Optical Security and Performance
Net revenue | $ | 74.9 |  |  | $ | 77.4 |  |  | $ | (2.5) |  |  | (3.2) | % |  | $ | 152.4 |  |  | $ | 168.7 |  |  | $ | (16.3) |  |  | (9.7) | %
Gross profit | 39.0 |  |  | 40.5 |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (3.7) | % |  | 79.7 |  |  | 92.3 |  |  | (12.6) |  |  | (13.7) | %
Gross margin | 52.1 | % |  | 52.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 52.3 | % |  | 54.7 | % |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 27.3 |  |  | $ | 27.5 |  |  | $ | (0.2) |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | $ | 56.6 |  |  | $ | 66.1 |  |  | (9.5) |  |  | (14.4) | %
Operating margin | 36.4 | % |  | 35.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 37.1 | % |  | 39.2 | % |  |  |  |

Network Enablement
NE net revenue decreased by $27.8 million, or 15.2% during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago, primarily driven by lower volumes in Fiber and Access, Wireless and Lab and Production partially offset by higher AvComm revenue.
NE net revenue decreased by $74.3 million, or 19.6% during the six months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago, primarily driven by lower volumes in Fiber and Access, Wireless and Lab and Production partially offset by higher AvComm revenue.
NE gross margin decreased by 1.9 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2023 to 62.5% from 64.4% in the same period a year ago primarily due to lower volumes and unfavorable product mix.
NE gross margin decreased by 1.7 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2023 to 62.8% from 64.5% in the same period a year ago primarily due to lower volumes and unfavorable product mix.
Service Enablement
SE net revenue increased by $0.3 million, or 1.3%, during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago primarily due to higher Assurance revenue offset in part by lower Data Center revenue.
SE net revenue decreased by $1.7 million, or 3.7%, during the six months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago primarily due to lower Assurance revenue offset in part by higher Data Center revenue.
SE gross margin increased by 4.6 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2023 to 68.9% from 64.3% in the same period a year ago primarily due to favorable product mix.
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SE gross margin increased by 2.9 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2023 to 68.1% from 65.2% in the same period a year ago primarily due to favorable product mix.
Network and Service Enablement
NSE operating margin decreased by 5.3 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2023 to 3.6% from 8.9% in the same period a year ago primarily due to lower volumes.
NSE operating margin decreased by 8.8 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2023 to 2.3% from 11.1% in the same period a year ago primarily due to lower volumes.
Optical Security and Performance Products
OSP net revenue decreased by $2.5 million, or 3.2%, during the three months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by lower anti-counterfeiting revenue partially offset by higher consumer and industrial and government revenues.
OSP net revenue decreased by $16.3 million, or 9.7%, during the six months ended December 30, 2023 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was primarily driven by lower anti-counterfeiting and consumer and industrial revenues partially offset by higher government revenue.
OSP gross margin decreased by 0.2 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2023 to 52.1% from 52.3% in the same period a year ago primarily due to lower volumes.
OSP gross margin decreased by 2.4 percentage points during the six months ended December 30, 2023 to 52.3% from 54.7% in the same period a year ago primarily due to unfavorable manufacturing variances and lower volumes.
OSP operating margin increased by 0.9 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2023 to 36.4% from 35.5% in the same period a year ago primarily due to lower operating expenses.
OSP operating margin decreased by 2.1 percentage points during the three months ended December 30, 2023 to 37.1% from 39.2% in the same period a year ago primarily due to the aforementioned reduction in gross margin.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe our existing liquidity and sources of liquidity, namely operating cash flows, credit facility capacity, and access to capital markets, will continue to be adequate to meet our liquidity needs, including but not limited to, contractual obligations, working capital and capital expenditure requirements, financing strategic initiatives, fund debt maturities, and execution of purchases under our share repurchase program over the next twelve months and beyond. However, there are a number of factors that could positively or negatively impact our liquidity position, including:
•Global economic conditions which affect demand for our products and services and impact the financial stability of our suppliers and customers;
•Changes in accounts receivable, inventory or other operating assets and liabilities which affect our working capital;
•Increase in capital expenditure to support the revenue growth opportunity of our business;
•Changes in customer payment terms and patterns, which typically results in customers delaying payments or negotiating favorable payment terms to manage their own liquidity positions;
•Timing of payments to our suppliers;
•Factoring or sale of accounts receivable;
•Volatility in fixed income and credit markets which impact the liquidity and valuation of our investment portfolios;
•Volatility in credit markets which would impact our ability to obtain additional financing on favorable terms or at all;
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•Volatility in foreign exchange markets which impacts our financial results;
•Possible investments or acquisitions of complementary businesses, products or technologies;
•While the principal payment obligations of our 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes due 2024, our 1.625% Senior Convertible Notes due 2026 and our 3.75% Senior Notes due 2029 (together the “Notes”) are substantial and have covenants that restrict our debt level and credit facility capacity, we may be able to incur substantially more debt;
•Issuance or repurchase of debt which may include open market purchases of our 2024 Notes, 2026 Notes and/or 2029 Notes prior to their maturity;
•Issuance or repurchase of our common stock or other equity securities;
•Potential funding of pension liabilities either voluntarily or as required by law or regulation;
•Compliance with covenants and other terms and conditions related to our financing arrangements; and
•The risks and uncertainties detailed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” section of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments consist mainly of investments in institutional money market funds and short-term deposits at major global financial institutions. Our strategy is focused on the preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity requirements that meet high credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy approved by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Our investments in debt securities and marketable equity securities are primarily classified as available for sale or trading assets and are recorded at fair value. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are recorded as Other comprehensive (loss) income and are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. As of December 30, 2023, U.S. subsidiaries owned approximately 29.6% of our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and restricted cash.
As of December 30, 2023, the majority of our cash investments have maturities of 90 days or less and are of high credit quality. Nonetheless we could realize investment losses under adverse market conditions. During the three months ended December 30, 2023, we have not realized material investment losses but can provide no assurance that the value or the liquidity of our investments will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. In addition, we maintain cash balances in operating accounts that are with third-party financial institutions. These balances in the U.S. may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limits. While we monitor the cash balances in our operating accounts and adjust the cash balances as appropriate, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail.
Senior Secured Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility
On December 30, 2021, we entered into a credit agreement (the Credit Agreement) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (Wells Fargo) as administrative agent, and other lender related parties. The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility in a maximum aggregate amount of $300.0 million, which matures on December 30, 2026. The Credit Agreement also provides that, under certain circumstances, we may increase the aggregate amount of revolving commitments thereunder by an aggregate amount of up to $100.0 million so long as certain conditions are met.
As of December 30, 2023, we had no borrowings under this facility and our available borrowing capacity was approximately $159.0 million, net of outstanding standby letters of credit of $4.1 million.
Refer to “Note 11. Debt” for more information.
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Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended December 30, 2023
As of December 30, 2023, our combined balance of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash increased by $37.0 million to $552.6 million from $515.6 million as of July 1, 2023.
During the six months ended December 30, 2023, Cash provided by operating activities was $70.7 million, consisting of net income of $20.5 million adjusted for non-cash charges (e.g., depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation and other non-cash items) which totaled $53.5 million, including changes in deferred tax balances, and changes in operating assets and liabilities that used $3.3 million. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities related primarily to a decrease in accounts receivable of $22.8 million due to collections outpacing billings and a decrease in other current and non-current assets of $1.3 million. These were offset by a decrease in deferred revenue of $17.5 million primarily due to timing of support billings and project acceptances, a decrease in accrued payroll and related expenses of $4.4 million due primarily to lower variable expenses and reduced headcount from restructuring activities, a decrease in accounts payable of $2.4 million driven by timing of purchases and related payments, a decrease in accrued expenses and other current and non-current liabilities of $2.1 million, an increase in inventory of $0.7 million and a decrease in income taxes payable of $0.3 million.
During the six months ended December 30, 2023, Cash used in investing activities was $20.3 million, primarily resulting from $12.5 million used for capital expenditures and $9.7 million net purchases of short-term investments offset by $1.9 million proceeds from sales of assets.
During the six months ended December 30, 2023, Cash used in financing activities was $18.3 million, primarily resulting from $10.0 million cash paid to repurchase common stock under our share repurchase program, $9.3 million in withholding tax payments on the vesting of restricted stock and performance-based awards and $1.9 million paid for acquisition related liabilities. These were offset by $3.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan.
Share Repurchase Program
During the six months ended December 30, 2023, we repurchased 1.0 million shares of our common stock for $10.0 million pursuant to our 2022 Repurchase Plan. As of December 30, 2023, the Company had remaining authorization of $224.8 million for future share repurchases under the 2022 Repurchase Plan.
Refer to “Note 15. Stockholders Equity” for more information.
Contractual Obligations
There were no material changes to our existing contractual commitments during the second quarter of fiscal 2024.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as such term is defined in rules promulgated by the SEC, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors, other than the guarantees discussed in “Note 18. Commitments and Contingencies.”
Employee Equity Incentive Plan
Our stock-based benefit plans are a broad-based, long-term retention program that is intended to attract and retain employees and align stockholder and employee interests. Refer to “Note 16. Stock-Based Compensation” for more details.
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Employee Defined Benefit Plans and Other Post-retirement Benefits
We sponsor significant qualified and non-qualified pension plans for certain past and present employees in the U.K. and Germany. Most of these plans have been closed to new participants and no additional service costs are being accrued.
The U.K. plan is fully funded, and the other Germany plans, which were initially established as “pay-as-you-go” plans, are unfunded. As of December 30, 2023, our pension plans were under-funded by $54.4 million since the post-retirement benefit obligation (PBO) exceeded the fair value of plan assets. Pension plan assets are managed by external third parties and we monitor the performance of our investment managers. As of December 30, 2023, the fair value of plan assets had increased approximately 5.6% since July 1, 2023, our most recent fiscal year end.
We are also responsible for the non-pension PBO assumed from a past acquisition of $0.4 million.
In estimating the expected return on plan assets, we consider historical returns on plan assets, adjusted for forward-looking considerations, inflation assumptions and the impact of active management of the plan’s invested assets. While it is not possible to accurately predict future rate movements, we believe our current assumptions are appropriate. Refer to “Note 17. Employee Pension and Other Benefit Plans” for more details.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to “Note 2. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” regarding the effect of certain recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, (U.S. GAAP), which require management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, net revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our estimates are based on historical experience and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. We believe that the accounting estimates employed and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences may be material.
A key actuarial assumption in calculating the net periodic cost and the PBO is the discount rate. Changes in the discount rate impact the interest cost component of the net periodic benefit cost calculation and PBO due to the fact that the PBO is calculated on a net present value basis. Decreases in the discount rate will generally increase pre-tax cost, recognized expense and the PBO. Increases in the discount rate tend to have the opposite effect. We estimate a 50-basis point decrease or increase in the discount rate would cause a corresponding increase or decrease, respectively, in the PBO of approximately $4.0 million based upon data as of July 1, 2023.
Goodwill is recognized and initially measured as the excess of the purchase price paid over the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not result in an impairment of goodwill. The Company tests goodwill at the reporting unit level for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired.
First, we assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a quantitative goodwill impairment test comparing the fair value of the applicable reporting unit with its carrying value. If the estimated fair value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. However, if the fair value of the reporting unit is less than book value, then goodwill will be impaired by the amount that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the fair value.
As part of the annual impairment test, the Company performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment for all reporting units during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023.
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The Company estimated the fair value of each reporting unit by applying a combination of the income approach and the market approach. The income approach used discounted future cash flows in which sales, operating income and cash flow projections were based on assumptions driven by current economic conditions. In developing these assumptions, we relied on various factors including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, and other market data. The market approach was based on trading multiples of companies comparable to each reporting unit and analysis of recent sales of comparable entities. We corroborated the fair value estimates by comparing the sum of the fair values of the reporting units and corporate net assets to VIAVI’s market capitalization as of the valuation date.
The Company believes the assumptions used in the goodwill impairment test were reasonable, but future changes in the underlying assumptions could occur due to the inherent uncertainty in making such estimates. Further declines in the Company’s operating results due to challenging economic conditions, an unfavorable industry or macroeconomic development or other adverse changes in market conditions could change one of the key assumptions the Company used in the goodwill impairment assessment, which could result in a further decline in fair value and require the Company to record an impairment charge in future periods.
Based on our testing, the fair value of each of the Company’s reporting units was at least two times the carrying value, and therefore no impairment was identified.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risks
The Company’s market risk has not changed materially from the foreign exchange and interest rate risks disclosed in Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 1, 2023.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 30, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures of our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control systems will be achieved. No evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company, have been detected. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objective.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to a variety of claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. While management currently believes that resolving claims against us, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or statement of cash flows, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. If an unfavorable final outcome were to occur, it may have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows for the period in which the effect becomes reasonably estimable.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Global Risks
Geopolitical conditions, including political turmoil and volatility, regional conflicts, terrorism and war could result in market instability, which could negatively impact our business results.
We operate globally and sell our products in countries throughout the world. Recent escalation in regional conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, resulting in ongoing economic sanctions, the escalating armed conflict between Israel and Hamas, resulting in instability in the Middle East, and the risk of increased tensions between the U.S. and China, could curtail or prohibit our ability to transfer certain technologies, to sell our products and solutions, or to continue to operate in certain locations. Foreign companies with a presence in China are facing increasing operational challenges and enhanced scrutiny from governmental entities in region. Further, it is possible that the U.S.-Chinese geopolitical tensions could result in government measures that could adversely impact our business. For example, in May 2023, China announced controls on the use of Micron products in China, following a cybersecurity review of Micron. At this time, the scope of these restrictions and entities impacted, and impact on VIAVI, is unclear. In September 2023, a bill was introduced by the House Financial Services Committee that could permit sanctions on certain Chinese entities in China’s defense and surveillance technology sectors. This could have an adverse impact on our revenues in this region. International conflict has resulted in (i) increased pressure on the supply chain and could further result in increased energy costs, which could increase the cost of manufacturing, selling and delivering products and solutions (ii) inflation, which could result in increases in the cost of manufacturing products, reduced customer purchasing power, increased price pressure, and reduced or cancelled orders (iii) increased risk of cybersecurity attacks and (iv) general market instability, all of which could adversely impact our financial results.
COVID-19 has and may continue to adversely affect how we and our customers are operating our businesses.
The worldwide spread of the COVID-19 virus resulted in a global slowdown of economic activity which led, at times, to slowdowns in shipping and commercial activities.
The lingering impacts of COVID-19 may continue to adversely affect the financial markets in many countries. In addition, the emergence of new and potentially more contagious variants of the virus, new shutdowns or quarantines, and the resulting staffing and labor supply challenges may impact our suppliers and our ability to source materials in a timely manner, may negatively impact manufacturing or shipment of our products and hence adversely affect our results of operations and financial conditions.
Risks Related to Our Business Strategy and Industry
Our future profitability is not assured.
Our profitability in a particular period will be impacted by revenue, product mix and operational costs that vary significantly across our product portfolio and business segments.
Specific factors that may undermine our profit and financial objectives include, among others:
•Uncertain future telecom carrier and cable operator capital and R&D spending levels, which particularly affects our NE and SE segments;
•Adverse changes to our product mix, both fundamentally (resulting from new product transitions, the declining profitability of certain legacy products and the termination of certain products with declining margins, among other things) and due to quarterly demand fluctuations;
•Pricing pressure across our NSE product lines due to competitive forces, advanced chip component shortages, and a highly concentrated customer base for many of our product lines, which may offset some of the cost improvements;
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•Our OSP operating margin may experience some downward pressure as a result of a higher mix of 3D sensing products and increased operating expenses;
•Limited availability of components and resources for our products which leads to higher component prices;
•Resource rationing, including rationing of utilities like electricity by governments and/or service providers;
•Fiscal policy constraints that impact or slow customer inventory consumption;
•Increasing commoditization of previously differentiated products, and the attendant negative effect on average selling prices and profit margins;
•Execution challenges, which limit revenue opportunities and harm profitability, market opportunities and customer relations;
•Decreased revenue associated with terminated or divested product lines;
•Redundant costs related to periodic transitioning of manufacturing and other functions to lower-cost locations;
•Ongoing costs associated with organizational transitions, consolidations and restructurings, which are expected to continue in the nearer term;
•Cyclical demand for our currency products;
•Changing market and economic conditions, including the impacts due to tariffs, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the escalating armed conflict between Israel and Hamas; tensions and trade sanctions between the U.S. and China, supply chain constraints, pricing and inflationary pressures;
•Ability of our customers, partners, manufacturers and suppliers to purchase, market, sell, manufacture and/or supply our products and services, including as a result of disruptions arising from supply chain constraints;
•Financial stability of our customers, including the solvency of private sector customers and statutory authority for government customers to purchase goods and services; and
•Factors beyond our control resulting from pandemics and similar outbreaks, manufacturing restrictions, travel restrictions and shelter-in-place orders to control the spread of a disease regionally and globally, and limitations on the ability of our employees and our suppliers’ and customers’ employees to work and travel.
Taken together, these factors limit our ability to predict future profitability levels and to achieve our long-term profitability objectives. If we fail to achieve profitability expectations, the price of our debt and equity securities, as well as our business and financial condition, may be materially adversely impacted.
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Rapid technological change in our industry presents us with significant risks and challenges, and if we are unable to keep up with the rapid changes, our customers may purchase less of our products.
The manufacture, quality and distribution of our products, as well as our customer relations, may be affected by several factors, including the rapidly changing market for our products, supply chain issues and internal restructuring efforts. We expect the impact of these issues will become more pronounced as we continue to introduce new product offerings and when overall demand increases.
Our success depends upon our ability to deliver both our current product offerings and new products and technologies on time and at an acceptable cost to our customers. The markets for our products are characterized by rapid technological change, frequent new product introductions, substantial capital investment, changes in customer requirements and a constantly evolving industry. Our future performance will depend on the successful development, introduction and market acceptance of new and enhanced products that address these issues and provide solutions that meet our customers’ current and future needs. As a technology company, we also constantly encounter quality, volume and cost concerns such as:
•Our continuing cost reduction programs which include site and organization consolidations, asset divestitures, outsourcing the manufacture of certain products to contract manufacturers, other outsourcing initiatives, and reductions in employee headcount, requirements related to re-establishment and re-qualification by our customers of complex manufacturing lines, and modifications to systems, planning and operational infrastructure. During this process, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, additional costs, delays in re-establishing volume production levels, planning difficulties, inventory issues, factory absorption concerns and systems integration problems.
•We have experienced variability of manufacturing yields caused by difficulties in the manufacturing process, the effects from a shift in product mix, changes in product specifications and the introduction of new product lines. These difficulties can reduce yields or disrupt production and thereby increase our manufacturing costs and adversely affect our margin.
• We may incur significant costs to correct defective products (despite rigorous testing for quality both by our customers and by us), which could include lost future sales of the affected product and other products, and potentially severe customer relations problems, litigation and damage to our reputation.
• We are dependent on a limited number of vendors, who are often small and specialized, for raw materials, packages and standard components. We also rely on contract manufacturers around the world to manufacture certain products. Our business could continue to be adversely affected by this dependency. Specific concerns we periodically encounter with our suppliers include stoppages or delays of supply, insufficient vendor resources to supply our requirements, substitution of more expensive or less reliable products, receipt of defective parts or contaminated materials, increases in the price of supplies and an inability to obtain reduced pricing from our suppliers in response to competitive pressures. Additionally, the ability of our contract manufacturers to fulfill their obligations may be affected by economic, political or other forces that are beyond our control. Any such failure could have a material impact on our ability to meet customers’ expectations and may materially impact our operating results.
• New product programs and introductions involve changing product specifications and customer requirements, unanticipated engineering complexities, difficulties in reallocating resources and overcoming resource limitations and increased complexity, which expose us to yield and product risk internally and with our suppliers.
These factors have caused considerable strain on our execution capabilities and customer relations. We have seen and could continue to see periodic difficulty responding to customer delivery expectations for some of our products, and yield and quality problems, particularly with some of our new products and higher volume products which could require additional funds and other resources to respond to these execution challenges. From time to time, we have had to divert resources from new product R&D and other functions to assist with resolving these matters. If we do not improve our performance in all of these areas, our operating results will be harmed, the commercial viability of new products may be challenged, and our customers may choose to reduce or terminate their purchases of our products and purchase additional products from our competitors.
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Unfavorable, uncertain or unexpected conditions in the transition to new technologies may cause our growth forecasts to be inaccurate and/or cause fluctuations in our financial results.
Growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates which may not prove to be accurate. Our estimates of the market opportunities related to 5G infrastructure, 3D sensing and other developing technologies are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates, including our internal analysis, industry experience and third-party data. Accordingly, these markets may not develop in the manner or in the time periods we anticipate and our estimated market opportunities may prove to be materially inaccurate.
If domestic and global economic conditions worsen, including as a result of pricing and inflationary pressures, overall spending on 5G infrastructure, 3D sensing and other developing technologies may be reduced, which would adversely impact demand for our products in these markets. In addition, unfavorable developments with evolving laws and regulations worldwide related to such technologies may limit or slow the rate of global adoption, impede our strategy, and negatively impact our long-term expectations in these markets.
Our growth and ability to serve a significant portion of these markets is subject to many factors including our success in implementing our business strategy as well as market adoption and expansion of 5G infrastructure, 3D sensing and other applications for consumer electronics. We cannot assure you that we will be able to serve a significant portion of these markets and the growth forecasts should not be taken as indicative of our future growth. Even if the markets and rates of adoption develop in the manner or in the time periods we anticipate, if we do not have timely, competitively priced, market-accepted products available to meet our customers’ planned roll-out of 5G platforms and systems, 3D sensing products and other technologies, we may miss a significant opportunity and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We may experience increased pressure on our pricing and contract terms due to our reliance on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our sales.
We believe that we will continue to rely upon a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Any failure by us to continue capturing a significant share of key customer sales could materially harm our business. Dependence on a limited number of customers exposes us to the risk that order reductions from any one customer can have a material adverse effect on periodic revenue. Further, to the extent that there is consolidation among communications equipment manufacturers and service providers, we will have increased dependence on fewer customers who may be able to exert increased pressure on our prices and other contract terms. Customer consolidation activity and periodic manufacturing and inventory initiatives could also create the potential for disruptions in demand for our products as a consequence of such customers streamlining, reducing or delaying purchasing decisions.
We have a strategic alliance with SICPA to market and sell our OVP and OVMP product lines for banknote anti-counterfeiting applications worldwide. A material reduction in sales, or loss of the relationship with SICPA, may harm our business and operating results as we may be unable to find a substitute marketing and sales partner or develop these capabilities ourselves in a timely manner.
Movement towards virtualized networks and software solutions may result in lower demand for our hardware products and increased competition.
The markets for our NE and SE segments are increasingly looking towards virtualized networks and software solutions. This trend may result in lower demand for our legacy hardware products. Additionally, barriers to entry are generally lower for software solutions, which may lead to increased competition for our products and services.
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We face a number of risks related to our strategic transactions.
Our strategy continues to include periodic acquisitions and divestitures of businesses and technologies. Strategic transactions of this nature involve numerous risks, including the following:
•Diversion of management’s attention from normal daily operations of the business;
•Potential difficulties in completing projects associated with in-process R&D;
•Difficulties in entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience and where competitors have stronger market positions;
•Difficulties in obtaining or providing sufficient transition services and accurately projecting the time and cost associated with providing these services;
•Inability of an acquisition to further our business strategy as expected or overpay for, or otherwise not realize the expected return on our investments;
•Expected earn-outs may not be achieved in the time frame or at the level expected or at all;
•Lack of ability to recognize or capitalize on expected growth, synergies or cost savings;
•Insufficient net revenue to offset increased expenses associated with acquisitions;
•Potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies;
•Difficulty in forecasting revenues and margins;
•Adverse public health developments, epidemic disease or pandemics in the countries in which we operate or our customers are located, including regional quarantines restricting the movement of people or goods, reductions in labor supply or staffing, the closure of facilities to protect employees, including those of our customers, disruptions to global supply chains and both our and our suppliers’ ability to deliver materials and products on a timely or cost-effective basis, shipment, acceptance or verification delays, the resulting overall significant volatility and disruption of financial markets, and economic instability affecting customer spending patterns; and
•Inadequate internal control procedures and disclosure controls to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or poor integration of a target company’s or business’s procedures and controls.
Acquisitions may also cause us to:
•Issue common stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership and may decrease earnings per share;
•Assume liabilities, some of which may be unknown at the time of the acquisitions;
•Record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to impairment testing and potential periodic impairment charges;
•Incur additional debt to finance such acquisitions;
•Incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets; or
•Acquire, assume, or become subject to litigation related to the acquired businesses or assets.
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We may not generate positive returns on our research and development strategy.
Developing our products is expensive, and the investment in product development may involve a long payback cycle. We expect to continue to invest heavily in R&D in order to expand the capabilities of 3D sensing and smart phone sensors, handheld spectrometer solution and portable test instruments, introduce new products and features and build upon our technology. We expect that our results of operations may be impacted by the timing and size of these investments. In addition, these investments may take several years to generate positive returns, if ever.
Operational Risks
Restructuring
We have from time to time engaged in restructuring activities to realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions, including one initiated during fiscal 2023. Significant risks associated with these types of actions that may impair our ability to achieve the anticipated cost reductions or disrupt our business include delays in the implementation of anticipated workforce reductions in highly regulated locations outside of the U.S. and the failure to meet operational targets due to the loss of key employees. In addition, our ability to achieve the anticipated cost savings and other benefits from these actions within the expected timeframe is subject to many estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions are subject to significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. If these estimates and assumptions are incorrect, if we experience delays, or if other unforeseen events occur, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Management transitions and talent retention create uncertainties and could harm our business.
Management changes could adversely impact our results of operations and our customer relationships and may make recruiting for future management positions more difficult. Our executives and other key personnel are generally at-will employees and we generally do not have employment or non-compete agreements with our other employees, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to retain them. We have in the past experienced, and could continue to experience changes in our leadership team. Competition for people with the specific technical and other skills we require is significant. Moreover, we may face new and unanticipated difficulties in attracting, retaining and motivating employees in connection with the change of our headquarters to Chandler, Arizona. As remote work has become more available the competition for highly qualified talent has intensified. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified executives and employees, or to successfully integrate any newly hired personnel within our organization, we may be unable to achieve our operating objectives, which could negatively impact our financial performance and results of operations.
We face risks related to our international operations and revenue.
Our customers are located throughout the world. In addition, we have significant operations outside North America, including product development, manufacturing, sales and customer support operations.
Our international presence exposes us to certain risks, including the following:
•Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and among the currencies of the countries in which we do business may adversely affect our operating results by negatively impacting our revenues or increasing our expenses;
•Our ability to comply with a wide variety of laws and regulations of the countries in which we do business, including, among other things, customs, import/export, anti-bribery, anti-competition, tax and data privacy laws, which may be subject to sudden and unexpected changes;
•Difficulties in establishing and enforcing our intellectual property rights;
•Tariffs and other trade barriers;
•Political, legal and economic instability in foreign markets, particularly in those markets in which we maintain manufacturing and product development facilities;
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•Strained or worsening relations between the United States, Russia and China and related impacts on other countries;
•Difficulties in staffing and management;
•Language and cultural barriers;
•Seasonal reductions in business activities in the countries where our international customers are located;
•Integration of foreign operations;
•Longer payment cycles;
•Difficulties in management of foreign distributors; and
•Potential adverse tax consequences.
The spread of COVID-19 has affected the manufacturing and shipment of goods globally. Any delay in production or delivery of our products due to an extended closure of our suppliers’ plants could adversely impact our business, along with delays in shipment of our products as well as increased logistics costs.
We expect that net revenue from customers outside North America will continue to account for a significant portion of our total net revenue. Lower sales levels that typically occur during the summer months in Europe and some other overseas markets may materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, the revenues we derive from many of our customers depend on international sales and further expose us to the risks associated with such international sales.
Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks
Certain of our products are subject to governmental and industry regulations, certifications and approvals.
The commercialization of certain of the products we design, manufacture and distribute through our OSP segment may be more costly due to required government approval and industry acceptance processes. Development of applications for our anti-counterfeiting and special effects pigments may require significant testing that could delay our sales. For example, durability testing by the automobile industry of our special effects pigments used with automotive paints can take up to three years. If we change a product for any reason, including technological changes or changes in the manufacturing process, prior approvals or certifications may be invalid and we may need to go through the approval process again. If we are unable to obtain these or other government or industry certifications in a timely manner, or at all, our operating results could be adversely affected.
U.S. Government trade actions could have an adverse impact on our business, financial position, and results of operation.
The United States and China have been engaged in protracted negotiations over the Chinese government’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation. For example, the United States has increased tariffs on certain categories of high-tech and consumer goods imported from China pursuant to Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, including a current 25% tariff on List 1, List 2 and List 3 goods, which lists cover certain materials and/or products that we import from China.
On May 16, 2019, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and 68 designated non-U.S. affiliates (collectively, Huawei) were added to the Entity List of the Bureau of Industry and Security of the U.S. Department of Commerce (BIS), which imposes limitations on the supply of certain U.S. items and product support to Huawei. On August 17, 2020, BIS issued final rules that further restrict access by Huawei to items produced domestically and abroad from U.S. technology and software. Certain products of VIAVI are subject to the restrictions; however, the impact is not expected to be material to our overall operations.
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These measures, along with any additional tariffs or other trade actions that may be implemented, may increase the cost of certain materials and/or products that we import from China, thereby adversely affecting our profitability. These actions could require us to raise our prices, which could decrease demand for our products. As a result, these actions, including potential retaliatory measures by China and further escalation into a potential “trade war”, may adversely impact our business. While recent US export controls on China’s semiconductor and artificial intelligence industries may have an indirect impact on VIAVI, the implications of such controls are still being evaluated and are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated annual revenues.
Furthermore, the geopolitical and economic uncertainty and/or instability that may result from changes in the relationship among the United States, Taiwan and China, may, directly or indirectly, materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, certain of our suppliers are dependent on products sourced from Taiwan which are prevalent in certain global markets, most specifically semiconductor manufacturing. Hence, greater restrictions and/or disruptions of our suppliers’ ability to operate facilities and/or do business in these jurisdictions may increase the cost of certain materials and/or limit the supply of products and may result in deterioration of our profit margins, a potential need to increase our pricing and, in so doing, may decrease demand for our products and thereby adversely impact our revenue or profitability.
Due to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the U.S., E.U. and U.K. have broadened restrictions on exports to Russia, thereby blocking shipments of technology, telecommunications and consumer electronics products to Russia. This caused us to suspend transactions in the region effective February 2022 and has negatively impacted our business in the region. Sales in the region are not material to our total consolidated revenues or net income and we are not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require an update to the estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of assets or liabilities at this time. However, these estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information becomes available. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates, assumptions or conditions due to risks and uncertainties, including the ongoing situation in Ukraine as well as the potential for additional trade actions or retaliatory cyber-attacks aimed at infrastructure or supply chains, and the impact on our future operations and results in the region remains uncertain.
Failure to maintain satisfactory compliance with certain privacy and data protections laws and regulations may harm our business.
Complex local, state, national, foreign, and international laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer, and other processing of personal data. These privacy laws and regulations are quickly evolving, with new or modified laws and regulations proposed and implemented frequently and existing laws and regulations subject to new or different interpretations. In addition, our legal and regulatory obligations in jurisdictions outside of the U.S. are subject to unexpected changes, including the potential for regulatory or other governmental entities to enact new or additional laws or regulations, to issue rulings that invalidate prior laws or regulations, or to increase penalties significantly. Complying with these laws and regulations can be costly and can impede the development and offering of new products and services. For example, the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which became effective in May 2018, imposes stringent data protection requirements and provides for significant penalties for noncompliance. Additionally, California enacted legislation, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which became effective January 1, 2020. The CCPA requires, among other things, covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers, and allow such consumers new abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal data. The CCPA also provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that may increase data breach litigation. Further, there are a number of new state privacy laws that have gone into effect in 2023, the California Privacy Rights Act, expanding the CCPA to provide for certain obligations with respect to California employee’s sensitive personal data and an expansion of rights, including the right to limit, correct and request deletion of certain sensitive personal data, the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, the Utah Consumer Privacy Act, the Colorado Privacy Act and the Connecticut Data Privacy Act, and a number of other states have passed laws that will go into effect in the next few years, including Tennessee, Montana, Indiana and Iowa and many more that are considering similar laws. The new state privacy laws will impose additional data protection obligations on covered businesses, including additional consumer rights, limitations on data uses, new audit requirements for higher risk data, and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. The new and proposed privacy laws may result in further uncertainty and would require us to incur additional expenditures to comply. These regulations and legislative developments have potentially far-reaching consequences and may require us to modify our data management practices and incur substantial compliance expense.
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Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations or other obligations to which we may be subject relating to personal data, or to protect personal data from unauthorized access, use, or other processing, could result in enforcement actions and regulatory investigations against us, claims for damages by customers and other affected individuals, fines, damage to our reputation, and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial performance, and business.
Information Security, Technology and Intellectual Property Risks
Our business and operations could be adversely impacted in the event of a failure of information technology infrastructure of ours, our suppliers, customers, vendors or our service providers.
We rely upon the capacity, reliability and security of our information technology infrastructure and our ability to expand and continually update this infrastructure in response to our changing needs. In some cases, we rely upon third-party hosting and support services to meet these needs. The internet has experienced increasingly sophisticated and damaging threats in the form of phishing emails, malware, malicious websites, ransomware, exploitation of application vulnerabilities, and nation-state attacks. It is also becoming more common for these attacks to leverage previously unknown vulnerabilities. The growing and evolving cyber-risk environment means that individuals, companies, and organizations of all sizes, including ourselves, our customers, suppliers and our hosting and support partners, are increasingly vulnerable to attacks and disruptions on their networks and systems by a wide range of actors on an ongoing and regular basis. We also design and manage IT systems and products that contain IT systems for various customers, and generally face the same threats for these systems as for our own internal systems.
We maintain information security tools and technologies, staff, policies and procedures for managing risk to our networks and information systems, and conduct employee training on cybersecurity to mitigate persistent and continuously evolving cybersecurity threats. Our network security controls are comprised of administrative, physical and technical controls, which include, but are not limited to, the implementation of firewalls, anti-virus protection, patches, log monitors, routine backups, off-site storage, network audits and other routine updates and modifications. We also routinely monitor and develop our internal information technology systems to address risks to our information systems. Despite our implementation of these and other security measures and those of our third-party vendors, our systems are regularly targeted by bad actors and have been exposed to computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access and other similar disruptions and attacks that continue to emerge and evolve. Any system failure, accident or security breach could result in disruptions to our business processes, network degradation, and system down time, along with the potential that a third-party will gain unauthorized access to, or acquire intellectual property, proprietary business information, and data related to our employees, customers, suppliers, and business partners, including personal data. To the extent that any disruption, degradation, downtime or other security event results in a loss or damage to our data or systems, or in inappropriate disclosure of confidential or personal information, it could adversely impact us and our clients, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses, loss of customers or business, our inability to transact business on behalf of our clients, adverse impact on our brand and reputation, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, litigation, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. We may also incur additional costs related to cybersecurity risk management and remediation. There can be no assurance that we or our service providers, if applicable, will not suffer losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches in the future or that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover all the costs resulting from such events. No assurances can be given that our efforts to reduce the risk of such attacks or to detect attacks that occur will be successful.
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If we have insufficient proprietary rights or if we fail to protect those we have, our business would be materially harmed.
We seek to protect our products and our product roadmaps in part by developing and/or securing proprietary rights relating to those products, including patents, trade secrets, know-how and continuing technological innovation. The steps taken by us to protect our intellectual property may not adequately prevent misappropriation or ensure that others will not develop competitive technologies or products. Other companies may be investigating or developing other technologies that are similar to our own. It is possible that patents may not be issued from any of our pending applications or those we may file in the future and, if patents are issued, the claims allowed may not be sufficiently broad to deter or prohibit others from making, using or selling products that are similar to ours. We do not own patents in every country in which we sell or distribute our products, and thus others may be able to offer identical products in countries where we do not have intellectual property protection. In addition, the laws of some territories in which our products are or may be developed, manufactured or sold, including Europe, Asia-Pacific or Latin America, may not protect our products and intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.
Any patents issued to us may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Additionally, we are currently a licensee in all of our operating segments for a number of third-party technologies, software and intellectual property rights from academic institutions, our competitors and others, and are required to pay royalties to these licensors for the use thereof. Unless we are able to obtain such licenses on commercially reasonable terms, patents or other intellectual property held by others could inhibit our development of new products, impede the sale of some of our current products, substantially increase the cost to provide these products to our customers, and could have a significant adverse impact on our operating results. In the past, licenses generally have been available to us where third-party technology was necessary or useful for the development or production of our products. In the future licenses to third-party technology may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.
Our products may be subject to claims that they infringe the intellectual property rights of others.
Lawsuits and allegations of patent infringement and violation of other intellectual property rights occur in our industry on a regular basis. We have received in the past, and anticipate that we will receive in the future, notices from third parties claiming that our products infringe their proprietary rights. Over the past several years there has been a marked increase in the number and potential severity of third-party patent infringement claims, primarily from two distinct sources. First, large technology companies, including some of our customers and competitors, are seeking to monetize their patent portfolios and have developed large internal organizations that have approached us with demands to enter into license agreements. Second, patent-holding companies, entities that do not make or sell products (often referred to as “patent trolls”), have claimed that our products infringe upon their proprietary rights. We will continue to respond to these claims in the course of our business operations. In the past, the resolution of these disputes has not had a material adverse impact on our business or financial condition; however, this may not be the case in the future. Further, the litigation or settlement of these matters, regardless of the merit of the claims, could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, whether or not we are successful. If we are unsuccessful, we could be required to expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology or to obtain licenses to the technology that is the subject of the litigation. We may not be successful in such development, or such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Without such a license, we could be enjoined from future sales of the infringing product or products, which could adversely affect our revenues and operating results.
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The use of open-source software in our products, as well as those of our suppliers, manufacturers and customers, may expose us to additional risks and harm our intellectual property position.
Certain of the software and/or firmware that we use and distribute (as well as that of our suppliers, manufacturers and customers) may be, be derived from, or contain, “open source” software, which is software that is generally made available to the public by its authors and/or other third parties. Such open-source software is often made available under licenses which impose obligations in the event the software or derivative works thereof are distributed or re-distributed. These obligations may require us to make source code for the derivative works available to the public, and/or license such derivative works under a particular type of license, rather than the forms of license customarily used to protect our own software products. In the event that a court rules that these licenses are unenforceable, or in the event the copyright holder of any open source software were to successfully establish in court that we had not complied with the terms of a license for a particular work, we could be required to release the source code of that work to the public and/or stop distribution of that work. Additionally, open-source licenses are subject to occasional revision. In the event future iterations of open-source software are made available under a revised license, such license revisions may adversely affect our ability to use such future iterations.
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Risks
We may be subject to environmental liabilities which could increase our expenses and harm our operating results.
We are subject to various federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, including those governing pollution, protection of human health, the environment and recently, those restricting the presence of certain substances in electronic products as well as holding producers of those products financially responsible for the collection, treatment, recycling and disposal of certain products. Such laws and regulations have been passed in several jurisdictions in which we operate, are often complex and are subject to frequent changes. We will need to ensure that we comply with such laws and regulations as they are enacted, as well as all environmental laws and regulations, and as appropriate or required, that our component suppliers also comply with such laws and regulations. If we fail to comply with such laws, we could face sanctions for such noncompliance, and our customers may refuse to purchase our products, which would have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
With respect to compliance with environmental laws and regulations in general, we have incurred, and in the future could incur, substantial costs for the cleanup of contaminated properties, either those we own or operate or to which we have sent wastes in the past, or to comply with such environmental laws and regulations. Additionally, we could be subject to disruptions to our operations and logistics as a result of such clean-up or compliance obligations. If we were found to be in violation of these laws, we could be subject to governmental fines and liability for damages resulting from such violations. If we have to make significant capital expenditures to comply with environmental laws, or if we are subject to significant expenditures in connection with a violation of these laws, our financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely impacted.
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Our business is subject to evolving regulations and expectations with respect to environmental, social and governance matters that could expose us to numerous risks.
Increasingly regulators, customers, investors, employees and other stakeholders are focusing on ESG-related matters and related disclosures. These developments have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and increased management time and attention spent complying with or meeting ESG-related requirements and expectations. For example, developing and acting on ESG-related initiatives and collecting, measuring and reporting ESG-related information and metrics can be costly, difficult and time consuming and is subject to evolving reporting standards, including the SEC’s proposed climate-related reporting requirements. We may also communicate certain initiatives and goals regarding ESG-related matters in our SEC filings or in other public disclosures. These ESG-related initiatives and goals could be difficult and expensive to implement, the technologies needed to implement them may not be cost effective and may not advance at a sufficient pace, and we could be criticized for the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of the disclosure. Further, statements about our ESG-related initiatives and goals, and progress against those goals, may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions that are subject to change in the future. In addition, we could be criticized for the scope or nature of such initiatives or goals, or for any revisions to these goals. If our ESG-related data, processes and reporting are incomplete or inaccurate, or if we fail to achieve progress with respect to our ESG-related goals on a timely basis, or at all, our reputation, business, financial performance and growth could be adversely affected.
We may be subject to risks related to climate change, natural disasters and catastrophic events.
We operate in geographic regions which face a number of climate and environmental challenges. Our new corporate headquarters is located in Chandler, Arizona, a desert climate, subject to extreme heat and drought. The geographic location of our Northern California offices and production facilities subject them to drought, earthquake and wildfire risks. It is impossible to predict the timing, magnitude or location of such natural disasters or their impacts on the local economy and on our operations. If a major earthquake, wildfire or other natural disaster were to damage or destroy our facilities or manufacturing equipment, we may experience potential impacts ranging from production and shipping delays to lost profits and revenues. In October 2017 and again in October 2019, we temporarily closed our Santa Rosa, California facility resulting in production stoppage, due to wildfires in the region and the facility’s close proximity to the wildfire evacuation zone. The location of our production facility could subject us to production delays and/or equipment and property damage. Moreover, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), the public electric utility in our Northern California region, has previously implemented and may continue to implement widespread blackouts during the peak wildfire season to avoid and contain wildfires sparked during strong wind events by downed power lines or equipment failure. Ongoing blackouts, particularly if prolonged or frequent, could impact our operations going forward.
Risks Related to our Liquidity and Indebtedness
Any deterioration or disruption of the capital and credit markets may adversely affect our access to sources of funding.
Global economic conditions have caused and may cause volatility and disruptions in the capital and credit markets. When the capital or credit markets deteriorate or are disrupted, our ability to incur additional indebtedness to fund a portion of our working capital needs and other general corporate purposes, or to refinance maturing obligations as they become due, may be constrained. In the event that we were to seek to access the capital markets or other sources of financing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms or within an acceptable time, if at all. We may seek to access the capital or credit markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time. For example, in December 2021, we entered into a $300 million asset-based secured credit facility which has certain limitations based on our borrowing capacity. Our access to the financial markets and the pricing and terms we receive in the financial markets could be adversely impacted by various factors, including changes in financial markets and interest rates. In addition, if we do access the capital or credit markets, agreements governing any borrowing arrangement could contain covenants restricting our operations.
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Our term notes increased our overall leverage and our convertible notes could dilute our existing stockholders and lower our reported earnings per share.
The issuance of our 1.00% Senior Convertible Notes due 2024, our 1.625% Senior Convertible Notes due 2026 and our 3.75% Senior Notes due 2029 (together the “Notes”) substantially increased our principal payment obligations. The degree to which we are leveraged could materially and adversely affect our ability to successfully obtain financing for working capital, acquisitions or other purposes and could make us more vulnerable to industry downturns and competitive pressures. In addition, the holders of the 2024 and 2026 Notes are entitled to convert the Notes into shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock under certain circumstances which would dilute our existing stockholders and lower our reported per share earnings.
Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness when due, to make payments upon conversion with respect to our convertible senior notes or to refinance our indebtedness as we may need or desire, depends on our future performance and our ability to generate cash flow from operations, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as reducing or delaying investments or capital expenditures, selling assets, refinancing or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. We may not be able to engage in these activities on desirable terms or at all, which may result in a default on our existing or future indebtedness and harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our outstanding indebtedness may limit our operational and financial flexibility.
Our level of indebtedness could have important consequences, including:
•Impairing our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes;
•Requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our operating cash flow to paying principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available for operations;
•Limiting our ability to grow and make capital expenditures due to the financial covenants contained in our debt arrangements;
•Impairing our ability to adjust rapidly to changing market conditions, invest in new or developing technologies, or take advantage of significant business opportunities that may arise;
•Making us more vulnerable if a general economic downturn occurs or if our business experiences difficulties; and
•Resulting in an event of default if we fail to satisfy our obligations under the Notes or our other debt or fail to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in the indentures governing the Notes, or any other debt instruments, which event of default could result in all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable and could permit certain of our lenders to foreclose on our assets securing such debt.
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We may not generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service and working capital requirements, which may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations.
We will need to implement our business strategy successfully on a timely basis to meet our debt service and working capital needs. We may not successfully implement our business strategy, and even if we do, we may not realize the anticipated results of our strategy and generate sufficient operating cash flow to meet our debt service obligations and working capital needs. In addition, our ability to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness, including the notes, is affected by general and regional economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors beyond our control.
In the event our cash flow is inadequate to meet our debt service and working capital requirements, we may be required, to the extent permitted under the indentures covering the Notes and any other debt agreements, to seek additional financing in the debt or equity markets, refinance or restructure all or a portion of our indebtedness, sell selected assets or reduce or delay planned capital or operating expenditures. Any insufficient cash flow may make it more difficult for us to obtain financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all.
Despite our current level of indebtedness, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur substantially more debt.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. The indentures that govern the Notes and the agreement that governs our secured credit facility contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, which are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. These restrictions also will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness under the agreements governing our existing debt.
The terms of the indentures that govern the Notes and the agreement that governs our secured credit facility restrict our current and future operations.
The indentures governing the Notes and the agreement governing the secured credit facility contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including restrictions on our ability to:
•Incur or guarantee additional indebtedness;
•Incur or suffer to exist liens securing indebtedness;
•Make investments;
•Consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of our assets;
•Sell assets;
•Pay dividends or other distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock;
•Enter into transactions with affiliates;
•Amend, modify, prepay or redeem subordinated indebtedness;
•Enter into certain restrictive agreements;
•Engage in a new line of business;
•Amend certain material agreements, including material leases and debt agreements; and
•Enter into sale leaseback transactions.
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Tax Risks
Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations and/or changes in regulations.
Changes in U.S. federal income or other tax laws or the interpretation of tax laws, including the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, as recently passed by Congress, may impact our tax liabilities. Utilization of our NOLs and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation if the ownership change limitations under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions are triggered by changes in the ownership of our capital stock. In general, an ownership change occurs if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5-percent shareholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. Accordingly, purchases of our capital stock by others could limit our ability to utilize our NOLs and tax credit carryforwards in the future.
Furthermore, we may not be able to generate sufficient taxable income to utilize our NOLs and tax credit carryforwards before they expire. Due to uncertainty regarding the timing and extent of our future profitability, we continue to record a valuation allowance to offset our U.S. and certain of our foreign deferred tax assets because of uncertainty related to our ability to utilize our NOLs and tax credit carryforwards before they expire.
If any of these events occur, we may not derive some or all of the expected benefits from our NOLs and tax credit carryforwards.
General Risks
Certain provisions in our charter and under Delaware laws could hinder a takeover attempt.
We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law prohibiting, under some circumstances, publicly-held Delaware corporations from engaging in business combinations with some stockholders for a specified period of time without the approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding voting stock. Such provisions could delay or impede the removal of incumbent directors and could make more difficult a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving us, even if such events could be beneficial, in the short-term, to the interests of the stockholders. In addition, such provisions could limit the price that some investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions providing for the limitations of liability and indemnification of our directors and officers, allowing vacancies on our Board of Directors to be filled by the vote of a majority of the remaining directors, granting our Board of Directors the authority to establish additional series of preferred stock and to designate the rights, preferences and privileges of such shares (commonly known as “blank check preferred”), and providing that our stockholders can take action only at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders, which may only be called by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Board of Directors. These provisions may also have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or change in our management.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “VIAV”. As of January 27, 2024, we had 1,685 holders of record of our common stock. We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
There were no shares repurchased under our 2022 Repurchase Plan during the three months ended December 30, 2023, with remaining authorization of $224.8 million for future share repurchases. Refer to “Note 15. Stockholders' Equity” for more details.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
None of VIAVI’s directors or Section 16 officers adopted, modified or terminated a trading arrangement intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or a “non-Rule” 10b5–1 trading arrangement, as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408, during the fiscal quarter ended December 30, 2023.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits required to be filed herewith by Item 601 of Regulation S-K, as described in the following index of exhibits, are attached hereto unless otherwise indicated as being incorporated by reference, as follows:

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  | Filed |  | Furnished
Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |  | Herewith |  | Not Filed
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
32.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
10.1+ |  | Viavi Solutions Inc. 2003 Equity Incentive Plan (Restated as of November 8, 2023) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
10.2+ |  | Viavi Solutions Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Restated as of November 8, 2023) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
10.3+ |  | Amendment to Stock Option Agreement by and between Viavi Solutions Inc. and Oleg Khaykin, dated December 11, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
10.4+ |  | Employment Agreement between Ilan Daskal and Viavi Solutions Inc., effective November 7, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
10.5+ |  | Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy, dated as of November 8, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |

+Indicates management contract or compensation plan, contract or arrangement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 2, 2024 | VIAVI SOLUTIONS INC.
| (Registrant)
| By: | /s/ ILAN DASKAL
| Name: | ILAN DASKAL
| Title: | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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