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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The table below sets forth the changes in the carrying value of goodwill by reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
| Healthcare |  | Education |  | Commercial |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | $ | 644,983 |  |  | $ | 123,652 |  |  | $ | 312,968 |  |  | $ | 1,081,603 |
Accumulated impairment losses | (190,024) |  |  | (1,417) |  |  | (264,451) |  |  | (455,892) |
Goodwill, net as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 454,959 |  |  | $ | 122,235 |  |  | $ | 48,517 |  |  | $ | 625,711 |
Goodwill recorded in connection with business acquisitions | — |  |  | 21,677 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 21,753 |
Foreign currency translation | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |
Goodwill, net as of September 30, 2024 | $ | 454,959 |  |  | $ | 143,989 |  |  | $ | 48,593 |  |  | $ | 647,541 |
2024 Acquisitions On January 1, 2024, we completed the acquisition of the data analytics services team of Vlamis Software Solutions, Inc. (“Vlamis”). The results of operations of Vlamis are included within our consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date and allocated among our Education and Commercial segments based on the engagements delivered by the business. On March 1, 2024, we completed the acquisition of Grenzebach Glier and Associates, Inc. (“GG+A”), a philanthropic management consulting firm that helps education institutions and other nonprofit organizations build and accelerate the philanthropic programs that support their mission. The results of operations of GG+A are included within our consolidated financial statements and results of operations of our Education segment as of the acquisition date. The acquisitions of Vlamis and GG+A are not significant to our consolidated financial statements individually or in the aggregate as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. These acquisitions were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Contract assets and contract liabilities are recorded at their carrying value under Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We finalized the measurement of assets acquired, including goodwill, and liabilities assumed in the acquisitions of Vlamis and GG+A in the first and second quarters of 2024, respectively. Intangible Assets Intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following:
|  |  | As of September 30, 2024 |  | As of December 31, 2023
| Useful Life (in years) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization
Customer relationships | 5 to 10 |  | $ | 26,661 |  |  | $ | 9,022 |  |  | $ | 60,636 |  |  | $ | 48,928 |
Technology and software | 2 to 5 |  | 16,230 |  |  | 12,127 |  |  | 16,230 |  |  | 10,195 |
Trade names | 6 |  | 6,000 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 6,000 |
Non-competition agreements | 3 to 5 |  | 950 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 720 |  |  | 389 |
Customer contracts | 1 to 4 |  | 702 |  |  | 302 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | $ | 50,543 |  |  | $ | 27,996 |  |  | $ | 83,586 |  |  | $ | 65,512 |
Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives using either an accelerated or straight-line basis to correspond to the cash flows expected to be derived from the assets. Intangible asset amortization expense was $1.6 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively; and $4.9 million and $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The table below sets forth the estimated annual amortization expense for the intangible assets recorded as of September 30, 2024.
Year Ending December 31, |  | Estimated Amortization Expense
2024 |  | $ | 6,518 |
2025 |  | $ | 6,719 |
2026 |  | $ | 4,974 |
2027 |  | $ | 3,582 |
2028 |  | $ | 2,626 |
Actual future amortization expense could differ from these estimated amounts as a result of future acquisitions, dispositions, and other factors.

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