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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The table below sets forth the changes in the carrying value of goodwill by reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Healthcare		EducationCommercialTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2023:
Goodwill$644,983 $123,652 $312,968 $1,081,603 
Accumulated impairment losses(190,024)(1,417)(264,451)(455,892)
Goodwill, net as of December 31, 2023$454,959 $122,235 $48,517 $625,711 
Goodwill recorded in connection with business acquisitions
— 21,677 76 21,753 
Foreign currency translation— 77 — 77 
Goodwill, net as of September 30, 2024$454,959 $143,989 $48,593 $647,541 
2024 Acquisitions
On January 1, 2024, we completed the acquisition of the data analytics services team of Vlamis Software Solutions, Inc. (“Vlamis”). The results of operations of Vlamis are included within our consolidated financial statements as of the acquisition date and allocated among our Education and Commercial segments based on the engagements delivered by the business.
On March 1, 2024, we completed the acquisition of Grenzebach Glier and Associates, Inc. (“GG+A”), a philanthropic management consulting firm that helps education institutions and other nonprofit organizations build and accelerate the philanthropic programs that support their mission. The results of operations of GG+A are included within our consolidated financial statements and results of operations of our Education segment as of the acquisition date.
The acquisitions of Vlamis and GG+A are not significant to our consolidated financial statements individually or in the aggregate as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. These acquisitions were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Contract assets and contract liabilities are recorded at their carrying value under Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We finalized the measurement of assets acquired, including goodwill, and liabilities assumed in the acquisitions of Vlamis and GG+A in the first and second quarters of 2024, respectively.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following:
As of September 30, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Useful Life 
(in years)		Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization
Customer relationships
5 to 10
$26,661 $9,022 $60,636 $48,928 
Technology and software
2 to 5
16,230 12,127 16,230 10,195 
Trade names66,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 
Non-competition agreements
3 to 5
950 545 720 389 
Customer contracts
1 to 4
702 302 — — 
Total$50,543 $27,996 $83,586 $65,512 
Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives using either an accelerated or straight-line basis to correspond to the cash flows expected to be derived from the assets.
Intangible asset amortization expense was $1.6 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively; and $4.9 million and $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The table below sets forth the estimated annual amortization expense for the intangible assets recorded as of September 30, 2024.
Year Ending December 31,Estimated Amortization Expense
2024$6,518 
2025$6,719 
2026$4,974 
2027$3,582 
2028$2,626 
Actual future amortization expense could differ from these estimated amounts as a result of future acquisitions, dispositions, and other factors.