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Debt Obligations | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2020
Debt Obligations |
Debt Obligations | Note 10 — Debt Obligations ​ Credit Facilities and Repurchase Agreements ​ Borrowings under our credit facilities and repurchase agreements are as follows ($ in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2020 | ​ | December 31, 2019 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Debt | ​ | Collateral | ​ | ​ | ​ | Debt | ​ | Collateral | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Current | ​ | Extended | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Wtd. Avg. | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Wtd. Avg. | ​
​ |  | Maturity |  | Maturity |  | Note Rate |  | Value (1) |  | Value |  | Note Rate |  | Value (1) |  | Value |  | Note Rate |
Structured Business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
$500 million joint repurchase facility | ​ | Mar. 2022 | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 1.75 | % | to | ​ | 3.50 | % | $ | 321,553 | ​ | $ | 480,258 | ​ | ​ | 2.74 | % | $ | 224,658 | ​ | $ | 339,378 | ​ | 4.06 | %
$400 million repurchase facility | ​ | June 2021 | ​ | Mar. 2023 | ​ | L + | 2.20 | %; | ​ | L floor | 0.75 | % |  | 199,901 | ​ |  | 279,130 | ​ | ​ | 2.99 | % |  | 218,418 | ​ |  | 291,292 | ​ | 3.76 | %
$200 million repurchase facility | ​ | Feb. 2021 | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 2.40 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 48,448 | ​ | ​ | 57,169 | ​ | ​ | 2.60 | % | ​ | 40,530 | ​ | ​ | 48,086 | ​ | 4.22 | %
$144.3 million loan specific credit facilities | ​ | Nov. 2020 to May 2022 | ​ | June 2021 to Dec. 2021 | ​ | L + | 2.10 | % | to | ​ | 2.50 | % |  | 144,048 | ​ |  | 193,209 | ​ | ​ | 2.69 | % |  | 128,274 | ​ |  | 184,116 | ​ | 4.13 | %
$125 million credit facility | ​ | Aug. 2020 | ​ | May 2023 | ​ | L+ | 2.30 | % | to | 3.00%; L floor | 0.50 | % | ​ | 25,613 | ​ | ​ | 31,790 | ​ | ​ | 2.84 | % | ​ | 4,570 | ​ | ​ | 7,000 | ​ | 3.56 | %
$100 million repurchase facility (2) | ​ | Aug. 2020 | ​ | June 2021 | ​ | L + | 1.75 | % | to | ​ | 1.95 | % |  | 50,297 | ​ |  | 66,486 | ​ | ​ | 1.94 | % |  | 45,843 | ​ |  | 63,800 | ​ | 3.56 | %
$50 million credit facility | ​ | April 2021 | ​ | April 2022 | ​ | L + | 2.00 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 8,800 | ​ |  | 11,000 | ​ | ​ | 2.19 | % |  | 14,933 | ​ |  | 17,650 | ​ | 3.81 | %
$50 million credit facility | ​ | Oct. 2022 | ​ | Oct. 2023 | ​ | L + | 2.50 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,345 | ​ | ​ | 28,042 | ​ | ​ | 4.06 | % | ​ | 12,191 | ​ | ​ | 16,499 | ​ | 4.32 | %
$50 million credit facility | ​ | Sept. 2020 | ​ | Sept. 2021 | ​ | L + | 2.50 | % | to | ​ | 3.25 | % | ​ | 5,274 | ​ | ​ | 6,600 | ​ | ​ | 2.70 | % | ​ | 5,254 | ​ | ​ | 6,600 | ​ | 4.32 | %
$25 million credit facility | ​ | June 2022 | ​ | June 2023 | ​ | L + | 2.25 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 19,644 | ​ | ​ | 30,900 | ​ | ​ | 2.45 | % | ​ | 19,651 | ​ | ​ | 28,572 | ​ | 4.07 | %
$25 million working capital facility | ​ | Aug. 2020 | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 2.25 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
$2.8 million master security agreements | ​ | Dec. 2022 | ​ | N/A | ​ | ​ | 2.97 | % | to | ​ | 4.60 | % | ​ | 2,249 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4.12 | % | ​ | 3,267 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | 4.08 | %
Repurchase facilities - securities (3) | ​ | N/A | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 2.25 | % | to | ​ | 5.00 | % | ​ | 56,968 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 5.11 | % | ​ | 217,105 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | 3.90 | %
Structured Business total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 902,140 | ​ | $ | 1,184,584 | ​ | ​ | 2.91 | % | $ | 934,694 | ​ | $ | 1,002,993 | ​ | 3.94 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Agency Business | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
$750 million ASAP agreement | ​ | N/A | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 1.05 | %; | ​ | L floor | 0.35 | % | $ | 41,553 | ​ | $ | 41,553 | ​ | ​ | 1.40 | % | $ | 148,725 | ​ | $ | 148,725 | ​ | 2.81 | %
$600 million joint repurchase facility | ​ | Mar. 2021 | ​ | Mar. 2022 | ​ | L + | 1.50 | % | to | ​ | 2.75 | % | ​ | 2,464 | ​ | ​ | 5,462 | ​ | ​ | 2.91 | % | ​ | 299,824 | ​ | ​ | 300,446 | ​ | 3.26 | %
$300 million repurchase facility | ​ | Oct. 2020 | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 1.15 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 75,905 | ​ | ​ | 75,925 | ​ | ​ | 1.31 | % | ​ | 187,698 | ​ | ​ | 187,742 | ​ | 2.91 | %
$150 million credit facility | ​ | Mar. 2021 | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 1.15 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 85,770 | ​ | ​ | 85,913 | ​ | ​ | 1.31 | % | ​ | 89,657 | ​ | ​ | 89,673 | ​ | 2.91 | %
$150 million credit facility | ​ | Aug. 2020 | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 1.15 | % | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 95,761 | ​ | ​ | 95,761 | ​ | ​ | 1.31 | % | ​ | 17,690 | ​ | ​ | 17,792 | ​ | 2.91 | %
$100 million credit facility | ​ | June 2021 | ​ | N/A | ​ | L + | 1.15 | %; | ​ | L floor | 0.50 | % | ​ | 32,020 | ​ | ​ | 32,020 | ​ | ​ | 1.65 | % | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​
Agency Business total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 333,473 | ​ | $ | 336,634 | ​ | ​ | 1.37 | % | $ | 743,594 | ​ | $ | 744,378 | ​ | 3.03 | %
Consolidated total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,235,613 | ​ | $ | 1,521,218 | ​ | ​ | 2.49 | % | $ | 1,678,288 | ​ | $ | 1,747,371 | ​ | 3.54 | %
(1) | The debt carrying value for the Structured Business at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was net of unamortized deferred finance costs of $4.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The debt carrying value for the Agency Business at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was net of unamortized deferred finance costs of $1.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
(2) | This facility was scheduled to mature in July 2020, which was extended to August 2020, and we are currently in negotiations with this lender to renew this facility, which could reflect changes in facility size, pricing and advance rates.
(3) | These repurchase facilities are subject to margin call provisions associated with changes in interest spreads. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, these facilities were collateralized by our CLO bonds retained and consolidated by us with a principal balance of $275.7 million and $234.9 million, respectively, B Piece bonds held-to-maturity with a carrying value of $63.2 million and $68.7 million, respectively, and SFR bonds with a carrying value of $20.0 million at both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we significantly reduced the UPB of these facilities by $160.1 million through a debt restructuring and the use of proceeds from our senior notes issued in the second quarter of 2020 and have further reduced this debt to approximately $42.0 million in July 2020.
​ Generally, our credit facilities and repurchase agreements have extension options that are at the discretion of the banking institutions in which we have long standing relationships with. These facilities typically renew annually and also include a "wind-down" feature. ​ Joint Repurchase Facility. During the first quarter of 2020, we amended our joint repurchase facility shared between the Structured Business and the Agency Business to increase the total committed amount by $400.0 million to $1.10 billion, of which $600.0 million matures in March 2021 and $500.0 million matures in March 2022, with each maturity eligible for a one-year extension option. The amended facility includes an $800.0 million sublimit for Private Label loans, which reduces to $500.0 million in March 2021 unless that portion of the facility is extended through March 2022. ​ Structured Business ​ At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the weighted average interest rate for the credit facilities and repurchase agreements of our Structured Business, including certain fees and costs, such as structuring, commitment, non-use and warehousing fees, was 3.33% and 4.39%, respectively. The leverage on our loan and investment portfolio financed through our credit facilities and repurchase agreements, excluding the securities repurchase facilities, working capital facility and the master security agreements used to finance leasehold and capital expenditure improvements at our corporate office, was 71% at both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. ​ In June 2020, we entered into a $23.0 million credit facility used to finance a multifamily bridge loan. The facility bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.50% and matures in September 2021. ​ In March 2020, we amended a $300.0 million repurchase agreement, increasing the committed amount to $400.0 million. In June 2020, we further amended this repurchase agreement extending the maturity date to June 2021 and increasing the interest rate by 25 basis points with a LIBOR floor of 75 basis points. ​ In February 2020, we amended one of our $75.0 million credit facilities to temporarily increase the committed amount under the facility by $75.0 million to $150.0 million, which was scheduled to expire in May 2020. In May 2020, we further amended this facility which now has a total permanent committed amount of $125.0 million, an interest rate range of 230 basis points to 300 basis points over LIBOR, with a LIBOR floor of 50 basis points. This facility was scheduled to mature in July 2020, which was extended to August 2020, and we are currently in negotiations with this lender to renew this facility, which could reflect changes in facility size, pricing and advance rates. ​ Agency Business ​ In July 2020, we amended one of our $150.0 million credit facilities to include a $50.0 million sublimit for principal and interest advances we make as the primary servicer to Fannie Mae in connection with potential delinquent loans under the Fannie Mae forbearance program. The sublimit bears interest at a rate of 200 basis points over LIBOR, with a LIBOR floor of 25 basis points. ​ In March 2020, we amended our $500.0 million repurchase facility reducing the committed amount to $300.0 million. ​ Collateralized Loan Obligations (“CLOs”) ​ We account for CLO transactions on our consolidated balance sheet as financing facilities. Our CLOs are VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary and are consolidated in our financial statements. The investment grade tranches are treated as secured financings, and are non-recourse to us. ​ Borrowings and the corresponding collateral under our CLOs are as follows ($ in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Debt | ​ | Collateral (3)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans | ​ | Cash
​ |  | ​ |  | Carrying |  | Wtd. Avg. |  | ​ |  | Carrying |  | Restricted
June 30, 2020 | ​ | Face Value | ​ | Value (1) | ​ | Rate (2) | ​ | UPB | ​ | Value | ​ | Cash (4)
CLO XIII | ​ | $ | 668,000 | ​ | $ | 663,209 | ​ | 1.60 | % | $ | 760,567 | ​ | $ | 756,806 | ​ | $ | —
CLO XII | ​ | ​ | 534,193 | ​ | ​ | 530,052 | ​ | 1.68 | % | ​ | 621,887 | ​ | ​ | 619,639 | ​ | ​ | —
CLO XI | ​ | ​ | 533,000 | ​ | ​ | 529,258 | ​ | 1.63 | % | ​ | 641,273 | ​ | ​ | 639,020 | ​ | ​ | 4,632
CLO X | ​ | ​ | 441,000 | ​ | ​ | 437,899 | ​ | 1.63 | % | ​ | 540,012 | ​ | ​ | 538,165 | ​ | ​ | 4,256
CLO IX | ​ |  | 356,400 | ​ |  | 354,106 | ​ | 1.55 | % |  | 462,387 | ​ |  | 461,126 | ​ |  | 10,049
Total CLOs | ​ | $ | 2,532,593 | ​ | $ | 2,514,524 | ​ | 1.62 | % | $ | 3,026,126 | ​ | $ | 3,014,756 | ​ | $ | 18,937
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Debt | ​ | Collateral (3)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Loans | ​ | Cash
​ | ​ | ​ |  | Carrying |  | Wtd. Avg. |  | ​ |  | Carrying |  | Restricted
December 31, 2019 |  | Face Value | ​ | Value (1) | ​ | Rate (2) | ​ | UPB | ​ | Value | ​ | Cash (4)
CLO XII | ​ | $ | 534,193 | ​ | $ | 529,448 | ​ | 3.30 | % | $ | 596,366 | ​ | $ | 593,652 | ​ | $ | 17,800
CLO XI | ​ | ​ | 533,000 | ​ | ​ | 528,690 | ​ | 3.25 | % | ​ | 624,443 | ​ | ​ | 621,508 | ​ | ​ | 15,550
CLO X | ​ |  | 441,000 | ​ |  | 437,391 | ​ | 3.26 | % |  | 509,887 | ​ |  | 507,854 | ​ |  | 37,287
CLO IX | ​ | ​ | 356,400 | ​ | ​ | 353,473 | ​ | 3.17 | % | ​ | 407,696 | ​ | ​ | 406,463 | ​ | ​ | 47,230
CLO VIII | ​ | ​ | 282,874 | ​ | ​ | 281,119 | ​ | 3.12 | % | ​ | 359,186 | ​ | ​ | 357,914 | ​ | ​ | 544
Total CLOs | ​ | $ | 2,147,467 | ​ | $ | 2,130,121 | ​ | 3.23 | % | $ | 2,497,578 | ​ | $ | 2,487,391 | ​ | $ | 118,411
(1) | Debt carrying value is net of $18.1 million and $17.3 million of deferred financing fees at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(2) | At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the aggregate weighted average note rate for our CLOs, including certain fees and costs, was 1.97% and 3.63%, respectively.
(3) | As of June 30, 2020, there was one loan with a UPB of $46.5 million deemed at risk of default or a “credit risk” as defined by the CLO indenture, which we repurchased from the respective CLOs in July 2020. As of December 31, 2019, there was no collateral deemed a credit risk.
(4) | Represents restricted cash held for principal repayments as well as for reinvestment in the CLOs. Does not include restricted cash related to interest payments, delayed fundings and expenses totaling $71.1 million and $58.6 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
​ CLO XIII. In March 2020, we completed CLO XIII, issuing eight tranches of CLO notes through two newly-formed wholly-owned subsidiaries totaling $738.0 million. Of the total CLO notes issued, $668.0 million were investment grade notes issued to third party investors and $70.0 million were below investment grade notes retained by us. As of the CLO closing date, the notes were secured by a portfolio of loan obligations with a face value of $640.5 million, consisting primarily of bridge loans that were contributed from our existing loan portfolio. The financing has a three-year replacement period that allows the principal proceeds and sale proceeds (if any) of the loan obligations to be reinvested in qualifying replacement loan obligations, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. Thereafter, the outstanding debt balance will be reduced as loans are repaid. Initially, the proceeds of the issuance of the securities also included $159.5 million for the purpose of acquiring additional loan obligations for a period of up to 180 days from the CLO closing date (a majority of which was subsequently utilized) which will result in the issuer owning loan obligations with a face value of $800.0 million, representing leverage of 84%. We retained a residual interest in the portfolio with a notional amount of $132.0 million, including the $70.0 million below investment grade notes. The notes sold to third parties had an initial weighted average interest rate of 1.41% plus one-month LIBOR and interest payments on the notes are payable monthly. ​ CLO VIII. In March 2020, we completed the unwind of CLO VIII, redeeming $282.9 million of outstanding notes, which were repaid primarily from the refinancing of the remaining assets primarily within CLO XIII, as well as with cash held by CLO VIII, and expensed $1.5 million of deferred financing fees into loss on extinguishment of debt on the consolidated statements of operations. ​ Luxembourg Debt Fund ​ Our Luxembourg commercial real estate debt fund (“Debt Fund”) was a VIE for which we were the primary beneficiary and was consolidated in our financial statements. In April 2020, we completed the unwind of the Debt Fund and redeemed all the outstanding notes with a portion of the proceeds from our senior unsecured notes issued in March 2020 described below and recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.6 million, which was primarily comprised of deferred financing fees. ​ Senior Unsecured Notes ​ A summary of our senior unsecured notes is as follows (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Senior | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | June 30, 2020 | ​ | ​ | December 31, 2019 |
Unsecured | ​ | Issuance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Wtd. Avg. | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Wtd. Avg. |
Notes |  | Date |  | Maturity |  | UPB |  | Value (1) |  | Rate (2) | ​ |  | UPB |  | Value (1) |  | Rate (2) |
8.00% Notes |  | Apr. 2020 |  | Apr. 2023 |  | $ | 70,750 | ​ | $ | 69,593 |  | 8.00 | % | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — |  | — | ​
4.50% Notes |  | Mar. 2020 |  | Mar. 2027 |  |  | 275,000 | ​ |  | 271,763 |  | 4.50 | % | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — |  | — | ​
4.75% Notes |  | Oct. 2019 |  | Oct. 2024 |  |  | 110,000 | ​ |  | 108,492 |  | 4.75 | % | ​ |  | 110,000 | ​ |  | 108,370 |  | 4.75 | %
5.75% Notes |  | Mar. 2019 |  | Apr. 2024 |  |  | 90,000 | ​ |  | 88,559 |  | 5.75 | % | ​ |  | 90,000 | ​ |  | 88,369 |  | 5.75 | %
5.625% Notes |  | Mar. 2018 |  | May 2023 |  |  | 125,000 | ​ |  | 123,350 |  | 5.63 | % | ​ |  | 125,000 | ​ |  | 123,060 |  | 5.63 | %
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | $ | 670,750 | ​ | $ | 661,757 |  | 5.36 | % | ​ | $ | 325,000 | ​ | $ | 319,799 |  | 5.44 | %
(1) | At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying value is net of deferred financing fees of $9.0 million and $5.2 million, respectively.
(2) | At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the aggregate weighted average note rate, including certain fees and costs, was 5.65% and 5.82%, respectively.
​ In April 2020, we issued $40.5 million aggregate principal amount of 8.00% senior unsecured notes due in April 2023 (the "Initial Notes") in a private placement, and, in June 2020, we issued an additional $30.3 million (the "Reopened Notes" and, together with the Initial Notes, the "8.00% Notes,") which brought the aggregate outstanding principal amount to $70.8 million. The Reopened Notes are fully fungible with, and rank equally in right of payment with the Initial Notes. We have the right to redeem the 8.00% Notes on or after January 15, 2023. We received total proceeds of $69.6 million from the issuances, after deducting the underwriting discount and other offering expenses. We used the net proceeds from the issuances to repay secured indebtedness, make investments relating to our business and for general corporate purposes. ​ Our senior unsecured notes can be redeemed by us at any time prior to the redemption date, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus a “make-whole” premium and accrued and unpaid interest. We have the right to redeem the notes on or after the redemption date, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. ​ Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes ​ In 2019, we issued $264.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.75% convertible senior notes (the “4.75% Convertible Notes”) through a private placement offering, which includes the exercised purchaser’s total over-allotment option of $34.0 million. The 4.75% Convertible Notes pay interest semiannually in arrears and are scheduled to mature in November 2022, unless earlier converted or repurchased by the holders pursuant to their terms. The initial conversion rate and the conversion rate at December 31, 2019 was 56.1695 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal representing a conversion price of $17.80 per share of common stock. We received proceeds totaling $256.5 million, net of the underwriter’s discount and fees, which is being amortized through interest expense over the life of such notes. We used the net proceeds from the issuance primarily for the exchange of $228.7 million of our 5.25% convertible notes for a combination of $233.1 million in cash (which includes accrued interest) and 4,478,315 shares of our common stock. The remaining net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes. During 2019, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $7.3 million in connection with this exchange, which included an inducement charge of $1.1 million. As of June 30, 2020, the 4.75% Convertible Notes had conversion rates of 56.1695 shares, common stock per $1,000 of principal, which represented a conversion price of $17.80 per share of common stock. ​ In 2018, we completed a similar exchange where we used the net proceeds from two separate private placements of our 5.25% convertible senior notes (the "5.25% Convertible Notes") to initially exchange portions of our 5.375% convertible senior notes (the "5.375% Convertible Notes") and 6.50% convertible senior notes (the "6.50% Convertible Notes"). ​ At June 30, 2020, there were $0.5 million, $13.8 million and $0.2 million aggregate principal amount remaining of our 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 3, 2018, 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 20, 2018 and 5.375% Convertible Notes, respectively. The initial conversion rates of the 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 3, 2018, 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 20, 2018 and 5.375% Convertible Notes were 86.9943 shares, 77.8331 shares and 107.7122 shares, respectively, of common stock per $1,000 of principal, which represented a conversion price of $11.50 per share, $12.85 per share and $9.28 per share of common stock, respectively. At June 30, 2020, the 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 3, 2018, 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 20, 2018 and 5.375% Convertible Notes had conversion rates of 90.093 shares, 80.6055 shares and 116.9744 shares, respectively, of common stock per $1,000 of principal, which represented a conversion price of $11.10 per share, $12.41 per share and $8.55 per share of common stock, respectively. The 5.25% Convertible Notes and 5.375% Convertible Notes pay interest semiannually in arrears and have scheduled maturity dates in July 2021 and November 2020, respectively, unless earlier converted or repurchased by the holders pursuant to their terms. ​ Our convertible senior unsecured notes are not redeemable by us prior to their maturities and are convertible by the holder into, at our election, cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of both, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and during specified periods. The conversion rates are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events and the holders may require us to repurchase all, or any portion, of their notes for cash equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if we undergo a fundamental change specified in the agreements. We intend to settle the principal balance of our convertible debt in cash and have not assumed share settlement of the principal balance for purposes of computing earnings per share (“EPS”). At the time of issuance, there was no precedent or policy that would indicate that we would settle the principal in shares or the conversion spread in cash. ​ Accounting guidance requires that convertible debt instruments with cash settlement features, including partial cash settlement, account for the liability component and equity component (conversion feature) of the instrument separately. The initial value of the liability component reflects the present value of the discounted cash flows using the nonconvertible debt borrowing rate at the time of the issuance. The debt discount represents the difference between the proceeds received from the issuance and the initial carrying value of the liability component, which is accreted back to the notes principal amount through interest expense over the term of the notes, which was 2.27 years and 2.67 years at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, on a weighted average basis. ​ The UPB, unamortized discount and net carrying amount of the liability and equity components of our convertible notes were as follows (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Liability | ​ | Equity
​ | ​ | Component | ​ | Component
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unamortized Debt | ​ | Unamortized Deferred | ​ | Net Carrying | ​ | Net Carrying
Period |  | UPB |  | Discount |  | Financing Fees |  | Value |  | Value
June 30, 2020 | ​ | $ | 278,490 | ​ | $ | 7,242 | ​ | $ | 6,004 | ​ | $ | 265,244 | ​ | $ | 9,962
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
December 31, 2019 | ​ | $ | 300,914 | ​ | $ | 9,235 | ​ | $ | 7,527 | ​ | $ | 284,152 | ​ | $ | 9,962
​ During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we incurred interest expense on the notes totaling $4.8 million, of which $3.3 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million related to the cash coupon, amortization of the debt discount and of the deferred financing fees, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we incurred interest expense on the notes totaling $10.0 million, of which $6.7 million, $1.7 million and $1.6 million related to the cash coupon, amortization of the debt discount and of the deferred financing fees, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, we incurred total interest expense on the notes of $4.9 million, of which $3.4 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million related to the cash coupon, amortization of the debt discount and of the deferred financing fees, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we incurred total interest expense on the notes of $10.2 million, of which $6.9 million, $1.7 million and $1.5 million related to the cash coupon, amortization of the debt discount and of the deferred financing fees, respectively. Including the amortization of the deferred financing fees and debt discount, our weighted average total cost of the notes was 6.75% and 6.80% at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. ​ Junior Subordinated Notes ​ The carrying values of borrowings under our junior subordinated notes were $141.3 million and $140.9 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which is net of a deferred amount of $11.1 million and $11.4 million, respectively, (which is amortized into interest expense over the life of the notes) and deferred financing fees of $1.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively. These notes have maturities ranging from March 2034 through April 2037 and pay interest quarterly at a floating rate based on LIBOR. The weighted average note rate was 3.12% and 4.75% at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Including certain fees and costs, the weighted average note rate was 3.21% and 4.83% at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. ​ Debt Covenants ​ Credit Facilities, Repurchase Agreements and Unsecured Debt. The credit facilities, repurchase agreements and unsecured debt (senior and convertible notes) contain various financial covenants, including, but not limited to, minimum liquidity requirements, minimum net worth requirements, as well as certain other debt service coverage ratios, debt to equity ratios and minimum servicing portfolio tests. We were in compliance with all financial covenants and restrictions at June 30, 2020. ​ CLOs. Our CLO vehicles contain interest coverage and asset overcollateralization covenants that must be met as of the waterfall distribution date in order for us to receive such payments. If we fail these covenants in any of our CLOs, all cash flows from the applicable CLO would be diverted to repay principal and interest on the outstanding CLO bonds and we would not receive any residual payments until that CLO regained compliance with such tests. Our CLOs were in compliance with all such covenants as of June 30, 2020, as well as on the most recent determination dates in July 2020. In the event of a breach of the CLO covenants that could not be cured in the near-term, we would be required to fund our non-CLO expenses, including employee costs, distributions required to maintain our REIT status, debt costs, and other expenses with (i) cash on hand, (ii) income from any CLO not in breach of a covenant test, (iii) income from real property and loan assets, (iv) sale of assets, or (v) accessing the equity or debt capital markets, if available. We have the right to cure covenant breaches which would resume normal residual payments to us by purchasing non-performing loans out of the CLOs. However, we may not have sufficient liquidity available to do so at such time. ​ Our CLO compliance tests as of the most recent determination dates in July 2020 are as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash Flow Triggers |  | CLO IX |  | CLO X |  | CLO XI | ​ | CLO XII | ​ | CLO XIII | ​
Overcollateralization (1) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current |  | 134.68 | % | 126.98 | % | 121.95 | % | 118.87 | % | 119.76 | %
Limit |  | 133.68 | % | 125.98 | % | 120.95 | % | 117.87 | % | 118.76 | %
Pass / Fail |  | Pass | ​ | Pass | ​ | Pass | ​ | Pass | ​ | Pass | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Interest Coverage (2) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current |  | 474.64 | % | 459.96 | % | 402.23 | % | 380.51 | % | 363.03 | %
Limit |  | 120.00 | % | 120.00 | % | 120.00 | % | 120.00 | % | 120.00 | %
Pass / Fail |  | Pass | ​ | Pass | ​ | Pass | ​ | Pass | ​ | Pass | ​
(1) | The overcollateralization ratio divides the total principal balance of all collateral in the CLO by the total principal balance of the bonds associated with the applicable ratio. To the extent an asset is considered a defaulted security, the asset’s principal balance for purposes of the overcollateralization test is the lesser of the asset’s market value or the principal balance of the defaulted asset multiplied by the asset’s recovery rate which is determined by the rating agencies. Rating downgrades of CLO collateral will generally not have a direct impact on the principal balance of a CLO asset for purposes of calculating the CLO overcollateralization test unless the rating downgrade is below a significantly low threshold (e.g. CCC-) as defined in each CLO vehicle.
(2) | The interest coverage ratio divides interest income by interest expense for the classes senior to those retained by us.
​ Our CLO overcollateralization ratios as of the determination dates subsequent to each quarter are as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Determination (1) |  | CLO IX |  | CLO X | ​ | CLO XI | ​ | CLO XII |  | CLO XIII | ​
July 2020 | ​ | 134.68 | % | 126.98 | % | 121.95 | % | 118.87 | % | 119.76 | %
April 2020 | ​ | 134.68 | % | 126.98 | % | 121.95 | % | 118.87 | % | 119.76 | %
January 2020 | ​ | 134.68 | % | 126.98 | % | 121.95 | % | 118.87 | % | — | ​
October 2019 | ​ | 134.68 | % | 126.98 | % | 121.95 | % | — | ​ | — | ​
July 2019 | ​ | 134.68 | % | 126.98 | % | 121.95 | % | — | ​ | — | ​
(1) | The table above represents the quarterly trend of our overcollateralization ratio, however, the CLO determination dates are monthly and we were in compliance with this test for all periods presented.
​ The ratio will fluctuate based on the performance of the underlying assets, transfers of assets into the CLOs prior to the expiration of their respective replenishment dates, purchase or disposal of other investments, and loan payoffs. No payment due under the junior subordinated indentures may be paid if there is a default under any senior debt and the senior lender has sent notice to the trustee. The junior subordinated indentures are also cross-defaulted with each other.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564 + Details
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