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20. STOCK OPTIONS (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Stock Options Tables  
Stock options continuity
                  Weighted-
                  Average
                  Exercise
              Number of   Price per
              Common   Share
              Shares   (CAD$)
                   
Stock options outstanding - beginning of period       6,938,179 $ 1.06
Granted             6,459,400   0.85
Exercises (1)             (128,873)   0.70
Expiries             (1,300,556)   1.19
Forfeitures             (168,500)   0.71
Stock options outstanding - end of period       11,799,650 $ 0.94
Stock options exercisable - end of period           4,486,625 $ 1.12
Stock options outstanding
          Weighted       Weighted-
          Average       Average
          Remaining       Exercise
Range of Exercise         Contractual   Number of   Price per
Prices per Share         Life   Common   Share
(CAD$)         (Years)   Shares   (CAD$)
                   
Stock options outstanding            
$   0.50 to $   0.99   3.90   8,789,650 $ 0.79
$   1.00 to $   1.19         2.19   1,265,000   1.09
$   1.20 to $   1.39         0.20   827,000   1.30
$   1.40 to $   1.99         1.18   918,000   1.82
Stock options outstanding -  end of period       3.25   11,799,650 $ 0.94
Fair value of options granted assumptions
    2017   2016
         
Risk-free interest rate   0.11% - 1.44%   0.57% - 0.69%
Expected stock price volatility   47.02% - 47.77%   43.07% - 43.98%
Expected life   3.4 to 3.5 years   3.4 to 3.6 years
Estimated forfeiture rate   2.94% - 4.14%   3.46% - 3.97%
Expected dividend yield   –   –
Fair value per share under options granted CAD$0.21 - CAD$0.29   CAD$0.21 - CAD$0.22