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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The following tables present the balance and level in the fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

 March 31, 2021
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities$— $71,512 $— $71,512 
Asset-backed securities— 1,183,977 — 1,183,977 
Municipal bonds— 38,669 — 38,669 
Corporate debt securities— 380,115 — 380,115 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates— 764,629 — 764,629 
Total available-for-sale securities— 2,438,902 — 2,438,902 
Client swap program hedges— 5,104 — 5,104 
Mortgage loan fair value hedges— 2,135 — 2,135 
Borrowings cash flow hedges— 59,198 — 59,198 
Total financial assets$— $2,505,339 $— $2,505,339 
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges$— $5,104 $— $5,104 
Commercial loan fair value hedges— 4,610 — 4,610 
Total financial liabilities$— $9,714 $— $9,714 
 September 30, 2020
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities$— $18,824 $— $18,824 
Asset-backed securities— 936,917 936,917 
Municipal bonds— 38,315 — 38,315 
Corporate debt securities— 287,184 — 287,184 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates— 968,252 — 968,252 
Total available-for-sale securities— 2,249,492 — 2,249,492 
Client swap program hedges— 48,201 — 48,201 
Total financial assets$— $2,297,693 $— $2,297,693 
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges$— $48,201 $— $48,201 
Commercial loan fair value hedges— 8,492 — 8,492 
Mortgage loan fair value hedges16,061 16,061 
Borrowings cash flow hedges— 17,375 — 17,375 
Total financial liabilities$— $90,129 $— $90,129 
Fair Value of Assets Measured on Nonrecurring Basis
The following tables present the aggregated balance of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, and the total gains (losses) resulting from those fair value adjustments during the respective periods. The estimated fair value measurements are shown gross of estimated selling costs.
 
 March 31, 2021Three Months Ended March 31, 2021Six Months Ended March 31, 2021
 Level 1Level  2Level  3TotalTotal Gains (Losses)
 (In thousands)(In thousands)
Loans (1)$— $— $— $— $(25)$(69)
Real estate owned (2)— — 722 722 148 101 
Balance at end of period$— $— $722 $722 $123 $32 

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.
(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.

March 31, 2020Three Months Ended March 31, 2020Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
Level 1Level  2Level  3TotalTotal Gains (Losses)
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Loans (1)$— $— $810 $810 $(246)$(545)
Real estate owned (2)— — 1,675 1,675 145 143 
Balance at end of period$— $— $2,485 $2,485 $(101)$(402)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.
(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments by Balance Sheet Grouping Although management is not aware of any factors that would materially affect the estimated fair value amounts presented below, such amounts have not been
comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since the dates shown, and therefore, estimates of fair value subsequent to those dates may differ significantly from the amounts presented below. 
 March 31, 2021September 30, 2020
 Level in Fair Value HierarchyCarrying
Amount
Estimated
Fair Value
Carrying
Amount
Estimated
Fair Value
 ($ in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents1$2,318,447 $2,318,447 $1,702,977 $1,702,977 
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities271,512 71,512 18,824 18,824 
Asset-backed securities21,183,977 1,183,977 936,917 936,917 
Municipal bonds238,669 38,669 38,315 38,315 
Corporate debt securities2380,115 380,115 287,184 287,184 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates2764,629 764,629 968,252 968,252 
Total available-for-sale securities2,438,902 2,438,902 2,249,492 2,249,492 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates2489,915 503,723 698,934 720,516 
                           Commercial MBS24,174 4,174 6,904 6,852 
Total held-to-maturity securities494,089 507,897 705,838 727,368 
Loans receivable313,035,423 13,419,101 12,792,317 13,392,089 
FHLB and FRB stock2119,991 119,991 141,990 141,990 
        Other assets - client swap program hedges25,104 5,104 48,201 48,201 
        Other assets - commercial fair value loan hedges2— — — — 
        Other assets - mortgage loan fair value hedges22,135 2,135 — — 
        Other assets - borrowings cash flow hedges259,198 59,198 — — 
Financial liabilities
Time deposits23,590,755 3,543,588 3,973,192 3,963,203 
FHLB advances22,150,000 2,115,171 2,700,000 2,722,509 
        Other liabilities - client swap program hedges25,104 5,104 48,201 48,201 
Other liabilities - commercial loan fair value hedges24,610 4,610 8,492 8,492 
Other liabilities - mortgage loan fair value hedges2— — 16,061 16,061 
        Other liabilities - borrowings cash flow hedges2— — 17,375 17,375 
Reconciliation of Amortized Cost to Fair Value of Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities The following tables provide details about the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.
 March 31, 2021
 Amortized
Cost
Gross UnrealizedFair
Value
Yield
 GainsLosses
 ($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
1 to 5 years$54,992 $516 $— $55,508 0.50 %
5 to 10 years15,897 107 — 16,004 2.05 
Asset-backed securities
5 to 10 years102,141 447 (718)101,870 0.68 
Over 10 years1,071,530 10,994 (417)1,082,107 1.07 
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year31,742 126 (28)31,840 1.98 
1 to 5 years195,442 7,120 — 202,562 1.67 
5 to 10 years65,888 751 (710)65,929 3.14 
Over 10 years80,560 — (776)79,784 3.44 
Municipal bonds due
1 to 5 years1,477 28 — 1,505 — 
5 to 10 years5,797 275 — 6,072 0.27 
Over 10 years29,929 1,163 — 31,092 5.85 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates737,281 29,622 (2,274)764,629 2.67 
2,392,676 51,149 (4,923)2,438,902 1.80 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates489,915 13,808 — 503,723 3.16 
Commercial MBS4,174 — — 4,174 0.98 
494,089 13,808 — 507,897 3.14 
$2,886,765 $64,957 $(4,923)$2,946,799 2.02 %
 
 September 30, 2020
 Amortized
Cost
Gross UnrealizedFair
Value
Yield
 GainsLosses
 ($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
5 to 10 years$18,448 $376 $— $18,824 2.05 %
Asset-backed securities
5 to 10 years38,289 — (1,600)36,689 0.83 
Over 10 years906,489 647 (6,908)900,228 1.14 
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year54,209 337 (51)54,495 1.22 
1 to 5 years128,289 3,366 (428)131,227 1.78 
5 to 10 years97,157 4,305 — 101,462 1.50 
Municipal bonds due
1 to 5 years1,461 36 — 1,497 — 
Over 10 years36,044 774 — 36,818 5.40 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates929,713 39,166 (627)968,252 2.82 
2,210,099 49,007 (9,614)2,249,492 1.97 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates698,934 21,582 — 720,516 3.16 
Commercial MBS6,904 — (52)6,852 1.02 
705,838 21,582 (52)727,368 3.14 
$2,915,937 $70,589 $(9,666)$2,976,860 2.25 %
Schedule of Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Securities
The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position. There were 38 and 51 securities with an unrealized loss as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. The decline in fair value since purchase is attributable to changes in interest rates. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and does not consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to have any credit impairment.
 
March 31, 2021Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
 (In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities$(1,514)$125,191 $— $— $(1,514)$125,191 
Asset-backed securities(77)80,046 (1,058)125,681 (1,135)205,727 
Mortgage-backed securities(1,963)55,679 (311)31,951 (2,274)87,630 
(3,554)260,916 (1,369)157,632 (4,923)418,548 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities— — — — — — 
$(3,554)$260,916 $(1,369)$157,632 $(4,923)$418,548 

September 30, 2020Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
 (In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities$(74)$45,875 $(405)$24,596 $(479)$70,471 
Asset-backed securities(5,481)587,746 (3,027)204,369 (8,508)792,115 
Mortgage-backed securities(278)41,897 (349)56,196 (627)98,093 
(5,833)675,518 (3,781)285,161 (9,614)960,679 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities(52)6,853 — — (52)6,853 
$(5,885)$682,371 $(3,781)$285,161 $(9,666)$967,532