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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income $ 200,041 $ 257,426 $ 236,330
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation, amortization, accretion and other, net 134,103 22,970 64,050
Stock-based compensation expense 9,181 7,914 6,808
Provision (release) for credit losses 17,500 41,500 3,000
Loss (gain) on sale of investment securities (342) (33) (99)
Gain on settlements of bank owned life insurance 0 (821) (1,385)
Impairment loss on premises and equipment 0 6 0
Net realized (gain) loss on sales of premises, equipment and real estate owned (2,555) (1,153) 655
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable 9,873 (23,131) (13,236)
Decrease (increase) in federal and state income tax receivable 18,751 (6,650) 3,877
Decrease (increase) in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (6,933) (5,976) (5,549)
Decrease (increase) in other assets 148,001 (67,342) (100,146)
Increase (decrease) in federal and state income tax liabilities 0 (3,306) 8,386
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities (88,387) (7,447) 65,774
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 439,233 213,957 268,465
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Origination of loans and principal repayments, net (348,528) (1,330,399) (1,748,955)
Loans purchased 0 (79,965) (576,697)
FHLB & FRB stock purchase (602,941) (654,805) (293,800)
FHLB & FRB stock redeemed 669,975 623,058 301,590
Available-for-sale securities purchased (549,159) (376,481) (587,942)
Principal payments and maturities of available-for-sale securities 386,564 420,154 510,156
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investment securities 182,682 1,169 5,020
Held-to-maturity securities purchased (47,092) 0 (195,357)
Principal payments and maturities of held-to-maturity securities 36,013 39,414 95,326
Proceeds from sales of real estate owned 6,802 7,192 6,978
Proceeds from settlements of bank owned life insurance 0 1,809 2,266
Equity method investments purchased (4,197) (12,500) 0
Net cash received (paid) in business combinations 623,583 (2,590) 0
Proceeds from sales of loans 2,956,856 0 0
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment 1,341 1,090 41
Premises and equipment purchased and REO improvements (24,681) (15,063) (11,790)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 3,287,218 (1,377,917) (2,493,164)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Net increase (decrease) in customer accounts (324,506) 40,759 487,458
Proceeds from borrowings 17,037,035 17,175,000 7,345,000
Repayments of borrowings (18,842,525) (15,650,000) (6,940,000)
Principal payments and maturities of senior debt (95,000) 0 0
Proceeds from stock-based awards 5,187 1,089 1,823
Dividends paid on common stock (74,267) (63,792) (61,576)
Dividends paid on preferred stock (14,625) (14,625) (14,625)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase 992 177 0
Treasury stock purchased (27,069) (30,463) (3,260)
Increase (decrease) in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance 8,780 2,499 3,035
Net cash provided by (used by) financing activities (2,325,998) 1,460,644 817,855
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 1,400,453 296,684 (1,406,844)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 980,649 683,965 2,090,809
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 2,381,102 980,649 683,965
Non-cash investing activities      
Real estate acquired through foreclosure 681 121 73
Other personal property acquired through foreclosure 0 0 577
Non-cash financing activities      
Preferred stock dividend payable 3,656 3,656 3,656
Cash paid during the year for      
Interest 739,076 364,386 65,175
Income taxes 20,283 61,245 35,098
Summary of non-cash activities related to acquisitions      
Fair value of assets and intangibles acquired 7,677,177 0 0
Fair value of liabilities assumed (7,316,380) 0 0
Net fair value of acquired assets (liabilities) $ 360,797 $ 0 $ 0