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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Measured on Recurring Basis
The following tables present the balance and level in the fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (with the exception of those measured using the NAV practical expedient).
 March 31, 2024
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities$— $312,199 $— $312,199 
Asset-backed securities— 549,463 — 549,463 
Municipal bonds— 35,061 — 35,061 
Corporate debt securities— 249,743 — 249,743 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates— 1,291,648 — 1,291,648 
Total available-for-sale securities— 2,438,114 — 2,438,114 
Loans held for sale— 2,993,658 — 2,993,658 
Derivatives:
Client swap program hedges— 63,264 — 63,264 
Commercial loan fair value hedges— 2,509 — 2,509 
Mortgage loan fair value hedges— 56,093 — 56,093 
Borrowings cash flow hedges— 154,588 — 154,588 
Total financial assets$— $5,708,226 $— $5,708,226 
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges$— $64,020 $— $64,020 
Total financial liabilities$— $64,020 $— $64,020 
 September 30, 2023
 Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
 (In thousands)
Financial Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. government and agency securities$— $217,053 $— $217,053 
Asset-backed securities— 588,016 588,016 
Municipal bonds— 34,662 — 34,662 
Corporate debt securities— 242,522 — 242,522 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates— 912,844 — 912,844 
Total available-for-sale securities— 1,995,097 — 1,995,097 
Client swap program hedges— 78,797 — 78,797 
Commercial loan fair value hedges— 3,405 — 3,405 
Mortgage loan fair value hedges— 46,396 — 46,396 
Borrowings cash flow hedges— 184,373 — 184,373 
Total financial assets$— $2,308,068 $— $2,308,068 
Financial Liabilities
Client swap program hedges$— $79,668 $— $79,668 
Total financial liabilities$— $79,668 $— $79,668 
Schedule of Fair Value of Assets Measured on Nonrecurring Basis
The following tables present the aggregated balance of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, and the total gains (losses) resulting from those fair value adjustments during the respective periods. The estimated fair value measurements are shown gross of estimated selling costs.
 
 March 31, 2024Three Months Ended March 31, 2024Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
 Level 1Level  2Level  3TotalTotal Gains (Losses)
 (In thousands)(In thousands)
Loans (1)$— $— $781 $781 $(168)$(325)
Real estate owned (2)— — 1,360 1,360 (1,875)(1,875)
Balance at end of period$— $— $2,141 $2,141 $(2,043)$(2,200)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.
(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.
March 31, 2023Three Months Ended March 31, 2023Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
Level 1Level  2Level  3TotalTotal Gains (Losses)
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Loans (1)$— $— $3,313 $3,313 $(6,120)$(6,243)
Real estate owned (2)— — 372 372 22 22 
Balance at end of period$— $— $3,685 $3,685 $(6,098)$(6,221)

(1)The gains (losses) represent re-measurements of collateral-dependent loans.
(2)The gains (losses) represent aggregate write-downs and charge-offs on real estate owned.
Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Instruments by Balance Sheet Grouping Although management is not aware of any factors that would materially affect the estimated fair value amounts presented below, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since the dates shown, and therefore, estimates of fair value subsequent to those dates may differ significantly from the amounts presented below.
 March 31, 2024September 30, 2023
 Level in Fair Value HierarchyCarrying
Amount
Estimated
Fair Value
Carrying
Amount
Estimated
Fair Value
 ($ in thousands)
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents1$1,505,771 $1,505,771 $980,649 $980,649 
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities2312,199 312,199 217,053 217,053 
Asset-backed securities2549,463 549,463 588,016 588,016 
Municipal bonds235,061 35,061 34,662 34,662 
Corporate debt securities2249,743 249,743 242,522 242,522 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates21,291,648 1,291,648 912,844 912,844 
Total available-for-sale securities2,438,114 2,438,114 1,995,097 1,995,097 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates2457,882 407,461 423,586 355,188 
Total held-to-maturity securities457,882 407,461 423,586 355,188 
Loans receivable320,795,259 20,245,348 17,476,550 16,559,758 
Loans held for sale22,993,658 2,993,658 — — 
FHLB stock2160,817 160,817 126,820 126,820 
        Other assets - client swap program hedges263,264 63,264 78,797 78,797 
        Other assets - commercial fair value loan hedges22,509 2,509 3,405 3,405 
        Other assets - mortgage loan fair value hedges256,093 56,093 46,396 46,396 
        Other assets - borrowings cash flow hedges2154,588 154,588 184,373 184,373 
Financial liabilities
Time deposits29,000,911 9,037,254 5,305,016 5,232,689 
Borrowings25,345,518 5,320,188 3,650,000 3,653,229 
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures350,254 50,320 — — 
Senior Debt293,729 93,373 — — 
        Other liabilities - client swap program hedges264,020 64,020 79,668 79,668 
Schedule of Reconciliation of Amortized Cost to Fair Value of Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities
The following tables provide details about the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.
 March 31, 2024
 Amortized
Cost
Gross UnrealizedFair
Value
Yield
 GainsLosses
 ($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
Within 1 year$8,692 $$(7)$8,690 5.83 %
1 to 5 years5,699 (264)5,439 2.89 
5 to 10 years162,027 524 (90)162,461 6.01 
Over 10 years135,961 37 (389)135,609 6.32 
Asset-backed securities
1 to 5 years13,249 — (397)12,852 6.08 
5 to 10 years24,380 65 — 24,445 6.23 
Over 10 years513,964 1,251 (3,049)512,166 6.30 
Corporate debt securities due
Within 1 year8,100 — (1)8,099 3.35 
1 to 5 years144,034 1,140 (845)144,329 5.20 
5 to 10 years112,625 — (15,310)97,315 3.87 
Municipal bonds due
5 to 10 years5,705 — (265)5,440 3.00 
Over 10 years29,812 (194)29,621 5.85 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates1,358,888 1,232 (68,472)1,291,648 3.85 
2,523,136 4,261 (89,283)2,438,114 4.76 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates457,882 23 (50,444)407,461 3.17 
457,882 23 (50,444)407,461 3.17 
$2,981,018 $4,284 $(139,727)$2,845,575 4.47 %
 September 30, 2023
 Amortized
Cost
Gross UnrealizedFair
Value
Yield
 GainsLosses
 ($ in thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. government and agency securities due
Within 1 year$3,501 $— $(36)$3,465 6.06 %
1 to 5 years18,894 — (563)18,331 4.70 
5 to 10 years87,922 177 — 88,099 5.76 
Over 10 years106,340 831 (13)107,158 5.84 
Asset-backed securities
1 to 5 years18,579 — (715)17,864 6.06 
5 to 10 years36,875 (99)36,778 6.11 
Over 10 years539,911 578 (7,115)533,374 6.35 
Corporate debt securities due
1 to 5 years151,893 895 (1,787)151,001 5.14 
5 to 10 years113,221 — (21,700)91,521 3.87 
Municipal bonds due
5 to 10 years5,720 — (701)5,019 3.00 
Over 10 years29,832 361 (550)29,643 5.85 
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates1,005,928 66 (93,150)912,844 3.39 
2,118,616 2,910 (126,429)1,995,097 4.64 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Agency pass-through certificates423,586 — (68,398)355,188 2.88 
423,586 — (68,398)355,188 2.88 
$2,542,202 $2,910 $(194,827)$2,350,285 4.35 %
Schedule of Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale
The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position. There were 253 and 231 securities with an unrealized loss as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.
 
March 31, 2024Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
 (In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities$(214)$19,779 $(15,942)$154,496 $(16,156)$174,275 
Municipal bonds— — (458)15,059 (458)15,059 
Asset-backed securities(485)110,515 (3,712)247,943 (4,197)358,458 
Mortgage-backed securities(734)208,696 (67,738)719,962 (68,472)928,658 
(1,433)338,990 (87,850)1,137,460 (89,283)1,476,450 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities(2)263 (50,442)354,819 (50,444)355,082 
$(1,435)$339,253 $(138,292)$1,492,279 $(139,727)$1,831,532 

September 30, 2023Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Gross Losses
Fair
Value
 (In thousands)
Available-for-sale securities
Corporate debt securities$— $— $(23,487)$167,452 $(23,487)$167,452 
Municipal bonds due— — (1,250)14,302 (1,250)14,302 
U.S. government and agency securities(13)14,917 (599)21,795 (612)36,712 
Asset-backed securities(2,142)86,800 (5,788)445,454 (7,930)532,254 
Mortgage-backed securities(2,030)142,235 (91,120)744,010 (93,150)886,245 
(4,185)243,952 (122,244)1,393,013 (126,429)1,636,965 
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities(15)1,424 (68,383)353,764 (68,398)355,188 
$(4,200)$245,376 $(190,627)$1,746,777 $(194,827)$1,992,153