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Income Taxes (Notes)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Note I – Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate, plus or minus discrete items. The following table presents the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Income before provision for income taxes$48,224$45,996$106,525 $94,527 
Income tax expense$11,276$10,923$25,015$22,668 
Effective tax rate23.4%23.7%23.5%24.0%

The difference between the Company’s effective tax rates of 23.4% and 23.7% and 23.5% and 24.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is primarily due to a decrease in pre-tax income in jurisdictions with higher tax rates.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits, and interest and penalty expense are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. for federal, state, and local purposes, and in certain foreign jurisdictions. The Company's tax years 2020 through 2023 remain open to examination by most taxing authorities.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) was signed into law, which contains certain revisions to the Internal Revenue Code, including a 15% corporate minimum income tax for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. While the 15% corporate minimum income tax has no effect on the Company’s results of operations in the near term, we will continue to evaluate its impact on future years. The IRA also assesses a 1% excise tax on repurchases of corporate stock which impacts the Company’s stock repurchases effective January 1, 2023. The excise tax is recorded as an incremental cost in treasury stock on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and was $331 and $598 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) has implemented the global minimum tax rate of at least 15% for large multinational companies as of 2024 (“Pillar Two”). Under Pillar Two, a top-up tax will be required for any jurisdiction who has enacted Pillar Two and whose effective tax rate falls below the 15% global minimum rate. Additionally, the OECD issued administrative guidance providing transition and safe harbor rules around the implementation of the Pillar Two global minimum tax. Under the safe harbor, companies would be excluded from Pillar Two requirements provided certain criteria are met. Based on preliminary analysis, the enactment of Pillar Two legislation is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position. The Company will continue to monitor and reflect the impact of such legislative changes in future periods, as appropriate.