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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income tax expenses benefit

Income (loss) before income taxes and income tax expense (benefit) are comprised of the following:

(Thousands)						2022						2021						2020
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Domestic						$	90,403					$	54,684					$	(1,153)
Foreign						12,697						22,641						9,428
Total income (loss) before income taxes						$	103,100					$	77,325					$	8,275
Income tax expense:
Current income tax expense (benefit):
Domestic						$	12,571					$	14,603					$	812
Foreign						2,806						3,205						1,851
Total current						$	15,377					$	17,808					$	2,663
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense:
Domestic						$	588					$	(7,953)					$	(5,641)
Foreign						1,145						(5,004)						(4,209)
Total deferred						$	1,733					$	(12,957)					$	(9,850)
Total income tax expense (benefit)						$	17,110					$	4,851					$	(7,187)

Effective income tax rate reconciliation

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company's effective income tax rate is as follows:

						2022						2021						2020
U.S. federal statutory rate						21.0		%				21.0		%				21.0		%
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax effect						1.7						(0.3)						(10.0)
Effect of excess of percentage depletion over cost depletion						(3.1)						(3.4)						(43.0)
Foreign derived intangible income deduction						(1.7)						(2.3)						(1.8)
Non-deductible goodwill impairment						—						—						7.1
Research and development tax credit						(2.0)						(1.2)						(16.4)
Impact of foreign operations						0.6						0.3						(5.3)
Non-deductible transaction costs						—						1.6						6.9
Interest from tax authorities						—						—						(3.8)
Adjustment to unrecognized tax benefits						(0.5)						(1.9)						1.8
Equity compensation						(0.9)						(0.5)						(5.3)
Non-deductible officers' compensation						1.2						1.4						6.8
Valuation allowance						0.6						(8.5)						(45.5)
Other items						(0.3)						0.1						0.6
Effective tax rate						16.6		%				6.3		%				(86.9)		%

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

Deferred tax assets and (liabilities) recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following:

						December 31,
(Thousands)						2022						2021
Asset (liability)
Post-employment benefits other than pensions						$	1,230					$	1,714
Other reserves						1,831						1,901
Deferred compensation						3,850						3,263
Environmental reserves						1,321						1,358
Inventory						6,118						—
Research expenditures						7,069						—
Revenue recognition						7,878						5,027
Lease liabilities						12,651						11,639
Interest expense carryforward						12,470						14,163
Pensions						—						1,393
Accrued compensation expense						5,477						6,410
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards						9,915						11,423
Subtotal						69,810						58,291
Valuation allowance						(4,935)						(4,957)
Total deferred tax assets						64,875						53,334
Depreciation						(42,481)						(24,484)
Lease assets						(12,078)						(11,184)
Inventory						—						(2,329)
Amortization						(32,925)						(35,542)
Mine development						—						(917)
Pensions						(400)						—
Unrealized gains						(1,940)						(663)
Total deferred tax liabilities						(89,824)						(75,119)
Net deferred tax liabilities						$	(24,949)					$	(21,785)

Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits

A reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the year-to-date periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

(Thousands)						2022						2021
Balance at January 1						$	1,142					$	2,360
Additions to tax provisions related to the current year						—						431
Additions to tax positions related to prior years						—						—
Reduction to tax positions related to prior years						(8)						(45)
Lapses on statutes of limitations						(482)						(1,604)
Balance at December 31						$	652					$	1,142

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

+ References

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months.

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